Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pagesia'
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Monllor, i. Rico Neus. "Explorant la jove pagesia: camins, pràctiques i actituds en el marc d'un nou paradigma agrosocial. Estudi comparatiu entre el sud-oest de la província d'Ontario i les comarques gironines." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/70011.
Full textLa tesi doctoral ha explorat la realitat del relleu generacional de l’activitat agrària per entendre el procés d’incorporació, les pràctiques agràries de les persones joves i les actituds vers un nou paradigma agrosocial. La metodologia combina tècniques qualitatives i quantitatives a partir d'una anàlisi comparatiu entre el sudoest d'Ontario (Canadà) i les comarques gironines (Catalunya). El primer resultat és que el camí d’incorporació és un procés format per diferents fases on cada perfil de jove mostra unes necessitats i unes aptituds diferents. El segon resultat verifica com les pràctiques i les actituds dels joves varien en funció de l’origen familiar. La tesi també analitza les implicacions en termes politics dels resultats més rellevants. Finalment es mostra la realitat d’un grup emergent de joves que s’incorporen a l’activitat agraria possant en pràctica un nou paradigma agrosocial. Aquest grup emergent està format per pagesia tradicional i nouvinguda i s’anomena “Nova pagesia”.
Sempere, Roig Jordi. "La pagesia, gestora o subordinada en el periurbà: semblances i diferències entre la Regió Metropolitana de Barcelona i l'Àrea Urbana de Toulouse (1950-2000)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4967.
Full textL'AUT té una superfície quatre vegades superior a la de la RMB, però a la regió de Barcelona hi ha més població (per tant, la densitat de població també serà molt més elevada en aquest àmbit). Pel que fa a l'especialització productiva, Catalunya està més orientada a la indústria i als serveis que no pas la regió francesa de Midi-Pyrenées, que té un caràcter eminentment agrícola. A més, la regió de Barcelona s'ha constituït com una de les principals plataformes logístiques del sud d'Europa, sobretot per mitjà del Pla Delta, projecte que pretén desenvolupar el port i l'aeroport de Barcelona, i que ha suposat el desviament del riu Llobregat. Tanmateix, l'àrea de Toulouse és un dels eixos de la comunicació del nord amb el sud d'Europa, i un dels nuclis forts de la indústria aeronàutica i aeroespacial a nivell mundial.
És en el context d'altíssima pressió sobre aquests territoris, els que envolten les ciutats, que hem de concebre la situació precària en què es troba l'agricultura periurbana. A nivell teòric, hi ha múltiples definicions que es refereixen al periurbà, a la franja de contacte entre el món urbà i el rural on l'activitat agrària queda relegada a un segon terme i té poques expectatives de sobreviure. La crisi del sector agrícola periurbà és un fet i fins i tot sembla que el recent recolzament de les institucions és insuficient. A Catalunya han sorgit múltiples projectes i propostes per protegir els espais agraris i naturals periurbans, com pot ser el Parc Agrari del Baix Llobregat. A França, hem vist com la normativa urbanística ordinària és prou eficaç per aturar la degradació urbanística i no calen mesures extraordinàries. A banda i banda dels Pirineus, així doncs, la reacció de la pagesia és molt similar, tot i que a França sembla que, a priori, els agricultors tenen més suport de l'administració. La pagesia periurbana, en definitiva, té un paper subordinat en la gestió del territori, encara que conserva gairebé integrament el control de l'activitat que es du a terme a les seves explotacions.
With an aproach both qualitative and quantitative, using statistical analysis, bibliographic research, field work and in-depth interviews -the creation of representative cartography, graphics and photographs was also contemplated-, the author analyses the differences and similarities between the periurban agrarian activity of Metropolitan Region of Barcelona and what we found in the Urban Area of Toulouse.
In fact, the author wanted to know which is the reaction of farmers of these areas in front of urbanistic sprawl phenomenon. In that sense, he studied the transformation of agrarian enterprises in these regions, the type of urban planning developed by each country, the main characteristics of activity the farmers are carrying on now, and the role of farmers in the institutions with urban planning competences (as the city council) or with capacity to influence the local life, among other secondary aspects. The election of the studied areas has been very attentive. We have worked with statistical data of the metropolitan areas (small scale) at the moment of the selection of the different municipalities or comunes concerned (large scale), begining, also, from previous interviews with local experts. In this way, the Llobregat delta or Area 1 belongs exactly with the horticultural zone of the north area of Toulouse (Area 2): we must emphasize that both areas have a surface of 117 squared kilometers, and there are important rivers going through those lands, the Llobregat and the Garonne respectively. In other terms, both environments are included in the Pyrenees-Mediterranean Euroregion, and that increases its interest.
The UAT (Urban Area of Toulouse) has a surface four times bigger than the MRB (Metropolitan Region of Barcelona), but in Barcelona's region there is more population (the density, obviously, will be higher in this area). In relation to production specialisation, Catalonia has been developing industry and services for many decades, although the french region of Midi-Pyrenées has an eminently agrarian character. Also, the region of Barcelona has became one of the main logistic platforms of south Europe, especially because of Delta Plan, a project to develop the harbour and Barcelona's airport, which has meant the Llobregat river deviation. However, Toulouse area is one of the central axis of the north-south european communication, and one of the hard cores of hole world aeronautical and spatial industry.
It is in this context of high pressures within the territoires that suround big cities that we must understand the precarious situation of periurban agriculture. On a theorical level, there exists many definitions for periurban fringe, the contact area of urban and rural world, where agrarian activity remains in second term and has little chance of survival. The periurban agrarian sector crisis is a reality and the recent institutions support is not enough. In Catalonia there exists now a lot of projects and proposals to protect the periurban agrarian and natural spaces, as the Baix Llobregat Agrarian Park. In France, we verify that the common urban planning rules are enough to stop the urban degradation and the french society don't need extraordinary measures. In both sides of the Pyrenees, the farmers reaction is very similar, thus in France it seems that, a priori, the farmers are supported more by the administration. All things considered, we conclude that the periurban farmers have a subordinate role in the land management, nevertheless they preserve almost all of the control of their farms labour.
Puig, Vallverdú Guillem. "LA PAGESIA I LA SEVA REVOLUCIÓ. Una anàlisi sobre la conflictivitat i el canvi a la rereguarda catalana durant la Guerra Civil, 1936-1939." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669300.
Full textEsta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo analizar el desarrollo de la colectivización agraria durante la Guerra Civil española. Cataluña es el marco elegido para estudiar este fenómeno resultante de la demolición del poder dominante debido al fracaso del golpe de estado y la aparición de multiplicidad de poderes atomizados. El estudio de la violencia, como parte constitutiva y definitoria del ejercicio del poder, se destaca en esta investigación dada su importancia en el nuevo marco en el que se desarrolló la colectivización. Esta investigación doctoral estudia las actitudes sociales de la población, en particular de aquellos que vivían con las colectividades y expresaron su apoyo y sus oposiciones. Vinculado con esto, y teniendo en cuenta que el espacio agrícola es el marco de análisis elegido para llevar a cabo esta investigación, los procesos de politización y movilización del campesinado tienen una relevancia principal para esta investigación con el objetivo de desarrollar los paradigmas interpretativos que la estudian. En resumen, comprender cómo se interrelacionó la cultura política del campesinado con la de las clases populares urbanas. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es estudiar la vida cotidiana de las colectividades para ver los cambios y las continuidades generadas por la nueva organización, así como cuál fue su extensión territorial y cuáles fueron sus principales garantes. Se le ha dedicado una atención especial en esta investigación a la participación indiscutible de la CNT al proceso de colectivización de la tierra. Sin embargo, la organización anarcosindicalista no fue la única que participó, no lo hizo sola y, por lo tanto, a lo largo de esta investigación doctoral, el papel adoptado por las diferentes formaciones antifascistas a lo largo del proceso revolucionario y cómo se relacionaron entre sí tiene un papel fundamental. En resumen, este trabajo es un estudio conjunto de las colectividades agrarias en Cataluña analizadas dentro de su propio contexto social, económico, político y cultural, atendiendo a sus promotores y los horizontes que estaban dispuestos a alcanzar. Todo esto para contribuir a una mejor comprensión del estudio de la retaguardia republicana española y, más específicamente, al compromiso revolucionario que algunos estaban construyendo mientras duró la Guerra Civil.
This PhD dissertation aims to analyse the development of agrarian collectivisation during the Spanish Civil War. Catalonia is the framework chosen to study this phenomenon, which resulted from the demolition of the dominant power due to the failure of the coup d’etat and the emergence of multiplicity of atomized powers. The study of violence, as a constitutive and defining part of the exercise of power, stands out in this research given its importance in the new framework in which collectivisation developed. In relation to which one, this doctoral research studies the social attitudes of the population, in particular of those who lived within the communities and expressed their support and their oppositions. In addition, since the agricultural space is the framework of analysis chosen for this research, the processes of politicisation and mobilisation of the peasantry are of great relevance for this study in order to develop new and multicausal interpretative paradigms. In short, to grasp how the political culture of the peasantry interrelated with those of the urban popular classes. The objective of this doctoral thesis is also to study the daily life of the communities. This allows to discern the changes and continuities generated by the new organisation, as well as to define its territorial extension and main guarantors. A particular attention has been given to the undisputed participation of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo as the principal driving force behind the process of collectivisation of land. However, the anarcho-syndicalist organisation was not the only one that participated in those processes. Therefore, the role adopted by the different anti-fascist formations throughout the revolutionary process and their interrelations have been also thoroughly analysed. In brief, this dissertation is a joint study of the agrarian collectivities in Catalonia analysed within their own social, economic, political and cultural context, attending to their drivers, and the horizons they were willing to reach. All this aims to contribute to a better understanding of the study of the Spanish Republican rearguard and, more specifically, to the revolutionary commitment that some were building while the Spanish Civil War lasted.
Vives, Riera Antoni. "Modernització i pervivència de la vila rural com a subjecte històric durant el S.XX. Les festes de Sant Antoni i el Cant de l'Argument a la vila d'Artà (Mallorca)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1998.
Full textLa formulació de les nostres hipòtesis s'ha d'entendre en el marc de la teoria del discurs de Michel Foucault, i a partir del principi d'experiència col·lectiva d'Edward P. Thompson, que ens permet entendre els subjectes socials com a fenòmens històrics. La metodologia a partir de la qual interrogam les fonts és una anàlisi de la tradició dels arguments com a mercat lingüístic en termes de Pierre Bourdieu. Igualment, seguint les tesis de Roger Chartier, amb l'objectiu d'avaluar si la tradició dels arguments ha esdevingut i ha persistit en el temps com a mecanisme de reproducció de la subjectivitat històrica de la vila d'Artà, hem analitzat la dinàmica històrica de les normes i convencions que el caracteritzen com a gènere literari i de comunicació. Això ha suposat per una banda, una anàlisi de l'evolució de les festes de sant Antoni com a ritual social i els diferents intents de domesticació dels seus actes, entre els quals destaca la tradició dels arguments. Per altra banda, també s'ha traduït en una anàlisi de l'evolució de la figura dels glosadors que han compost arguments a partir dels prototipus mítics de caràcter fundacional, així com l'anàlisi de l'impacte de la difusió dels mitjans escrits en una tradició eminentment oral. Finalment, també ha suposat l'anàlisi del text dels arguments amb relació a certes constants discursives que han esdevingut la norma en la seva composició. Una d'aquestes constants consisteix en la reproducció de les representacions de la reciprocitat social pròpies de les economies morals de subsistència, a partir de la qual s'ha sostingut el dret dels més pobres a la supervivència en caos d'escassetat extrema per damunt del benefici privat. L'altra constant discursiva que esdevé norma en el text dels arguments és la concepció cíclica de la història com una successió d'èpoques de carestia i etapes d'abundància, a partir de la qual s'expliquen les crisis de subsidència com a conseqüència de les actituds malbaratadores i la relaxació moral de les èpoques de bonança.
Faced with the difficulties we use to have in order to understand collective action of conservative peasantry during the 19th and 20th century from the historiographical field and other social sciences, we propose studying its own voice. This way, we want to go deeply into the knowledge of the subjective motivations which brought peasant collectives to do some kind of social practices through history. The doctoral thesis is based on the idea that rural villages in Western Europe disposed of some cultural mechanisms which allowed them to crowd together under a singular representative voice and reproduce themselves as historical subjects. In our investigation we study the "arguments" which used to be sung on the Sant Antoni day in Artà, as a kind of these mechanisms through which this village had been able to reproduce itself as a historical subject along the 20th century. As a kind of oral poetry, the "arguments" were long songs about the main events happened in the village along the whole past year. They used to be composed by a "glosador", an oral poet traditionally considered a popular spokesperson. In our research we examined how modernisation, as a reform process of the carnivalesque popular culture and the urban assimilation of the rural as well, affected this tradition of configuration of the local identity and subjectivity. At the same time, we have evaluated if modernisation supposed the lost of its social weight and signification. The formulation of our hypothesis are to be understood in the Michel Foucault's theory of discourse, in addition the E. P, Thompson's notion of collective experience that allow us to understand social subjects as historical categories. Following the Roger Chatier's thesis about popular culture and reception, the methodology we interrogate the documentation through, was an analysis of the tradition of the "argument" as a linguistic market, in terms of Pierre Bourdieu.
Torrents, i. Buxó Jacint. "Eines i feines de pagès. Evolució de la tecnologia agrícola a la Plana de Vic durant el segle XX." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/108989.
Full textEsteve, Torras Eulàlia. "Homes, terres, cases i masos del Baix Empordà. Estudi de les transformacions socials als segles XVIII i XIX." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7861.
Full textRESUM:
L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi doctoral ha estat aproximar-nos als canvis socials experimentats per la comarca del Baix Empordà durant el segle XVIII i la primera meitat del segle XIX, posant especial èmfasi en els oficis relacionats amb la terra. Com a tesi principal del nostre estudi hem plantejat que la pagesia pobra va poder tenir un paper més important del que se li ha atorgat històricament en els canvis agraris i socials produïts en el transcurs d'aquests dos segles. L'estudi s'ha dut a terme a partir de l'anàlisi de dos tipus de documents principalment; els inventaris post mortem i els capítols matrimonials que ens han permés analitzar l'evolució i els canvis en alguns oficis, mostrant un col·lectiu, el dels treballadors, i posteriorment menestrals que, segons les dades analitzades, va tenir una importància més rellevant en el conjunt de la societat i de les transformacions que es produïren durant els segles XVIII i XIX del que tradicionalment se li ha atorgat.
The main objective of this thesis has been to make an aproximation to the social changes experienced by the Baix Emporda during the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century, with particular emphasis on agricultural-related professions. As a main thesis of our study we suggest that the poor farmers could have played a more important role in agricultural and social changes produced during these two centuries than historically has been given credit for. The study was carried out from the analysis of mainly two types of documents, post mortem inventories and the marriage chapters. This has enabled us to analyze the evolution and changes in some trades, showing a collective, "treballadors", later called "menestrals", which, according to the data analyzed, had a more important role in the wider society and the transformations that occurred during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries than traditionally has been considered.
Kravčionok, Žana. "Pagėgių regioninio aukšto apatinės dalies stratigrafija ir konodontai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20101125_190743-20123.
Full textContemporary the Pagėgių regional stage of the lower part of Ludlowian series spreading her stratigraphic volume and correlation in sediment basin raise of much doubt. To the make preliminary conodonts prospecting show, what mention problems demand the stratigraphic and biostratigraphic prospecting essence. This regional stage is binomial, which in lower part of the Eastern Lithuanian section form Usėnų and Rūkų members. Turn to the Eastern direction from their gradually change lower members of Lapgirių formation, but her change Mituvos and Pramedžiuvos formations. This is regional stage lower part litologic correlation not be matched with existing biostratigraphic data. Fundamental work purpose is that ground conodonts prospecting expose the Pagėgių regional stage in the lower part (Mituvoa formation and their analog) part the biostratigraphy, and determine her spreading limit and make this ages rocks section correlation in all Lithuania scale and expose possibility lead stage boundary. The lower part of section from Middle Lithuania Pagėgių regional stage in lower part of conodonts zone O.wimani – Pelekysgnathus sp. A. with stratigraphical gap stratified on the conodonts zone O.b.bohemica (lower part of Dubysa regional stage). Pursuant to lithological ir palaeontological data will be expedient Pagėgių regional stage resolve them in two parts – how separate regional subdivisions –stages.
Hale, Annette Julie. "The characterisation of the Pagetic osteoclast." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359919.
Full textTörnell, Mattias. "Richard Pages Sound." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för musik och bild (MB), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27178.
Full textDraheim, Dirk. "Typed server pages." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2003/57/index.html.
Full textBarrell, Howard. "Conscripts to their age African National Congress operational strategy, 1976-1986 /." Thesis, [Pretoria, South Africa : South African History Online], 1993. http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/sources/barrel%5Fthesis/.
Full textTitle from introductory page (SAHO website, viewed July 28, 2005). Includes bibliographical references. HTML version of the print thesis.
Kumar, Rati. "Islam & Christianity a qualitative analysis of the online communication strategies used by religious groups to promote their ideologies /." [Gainesville, Fla.? : s.n.], 2008. http://understandingreligion.vndv.com/finalsite/pages/homepage/.
Full textSubiñà, i. Coll Enric 1970. "El Maresme medieval. Exemples concrets de comunitats pageses." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401438.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis/research is to have a vision of the residents’ routine life in Mataró, Argentona and Òrrius, from mid XIV century till end of XV Century. This research is based in three fundamental facts to explain it: the manor, the population and the society. The demography has allowed us to see how Mataró was rapidly increasing its population against Argentona and Òrrius where it was declining. We have documented a high amount of territorial manors, being the jurisdictional manors in hands of their own castles. During the second half of XIV Century, the "remences" (servile people) represented half of the territory’s population. The manor implied some sort of rights and for the payment of taxes. The census where paid mainly in kind, although, while years were passing by, this will turn into money. Among the manors rights we emphasize the mills and iron mongeries, but also the scribes, stoves, markets and meat shops. All the territory was populated, mainly with farms. Mataró since the second half of XVI Century, have experimented an urban growth surrounding the market square where it was located the water well, the communal stoves, the meat shops and the arcade stores. Some of the facts we have been able to document properly are the abandoned farms, which started on the XIII Century. Many farmers have taken the farms to their heritage buying them either through establishment which were always under advantageous conditions for the sirs. The farms usually have lands under the dominion of various manors and were fragmented around the territory, sometimes without territorial continuity. The last chapter is mainly based on the family, in two important facts: marriage and death. We've studied the dowry and the territorial origins of the consorts and spouses. Thanks to the will/testament we know about the religious environment of the testators being able to going deeper among the churches and chapels of each parish and acknowledge the altars. The family legacy is taking us closer to the family core. This research ends explaining the role and the relevance of the male heirs and the 'pubillas' (the female version of the male heir, the eldest daughter) and with the last review: the universal heir.
Saguer, i. Hom Enric. "La consolidació de la propietat pagesa a Catalunya (el Baix Empordà, 1850-1940)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7850.
Full textCom a hipòtesi central, es sosté que, al Baix Empordà i al llarg del període comprès entre 1850 i 1940, els canvis que varen produir-se en l'estructura de la propietat i, també, en I'estructura social rural, varen apuntar genèricament a favor dels grups pagesos. En particular, es sosté :
( I) Que la situació de partida (de mitjan segle XIX) ja es caracteritzava per un notable pes de la petita propietat pagesa sobre I'estructura de la propietat agrícola i sobre el conjunt del sistema agrari.
(2) Que, amb posterioritat a la crisi agrària finisecular, els problemes de rendibilitat de la producció agrària i l'erosió soferta per alguns mecanismes d'extracció de renda varen tendir a allunyar els sectors rendistes que tradicionalment havien exercit la seva hegemonia -econòmica i social- en la societat rural.
(3) I, finalment, que al llarg del període va produir-se un avenç de la propietat pagesa com a conseqüència del fet que una porció significativa de famílies pageses aconseguissin ampliar el seu patrimoni territorial a través de compres realitzades en el mercat de terres, alhora que un nombre significatiu de vells grans patrimonis es fraccionava i desfeia. La magnitud d'aquests canvis va ser moderada i no va pas estar exempta d'ambigüitats, però posa de relleu la capacitat de resistència i adequació de l'explotació pagesa a les condicions d'un capitalisme evolvent, malgrat els pronòstics en sentit contrari de molts teòrics.
La tesi està articulada en dues parts. En la primera es duu a terme una descripció detallada de les característiques del sistema agrari baixempordanès de mitjan segle XIX amb l'objectiu final de determinar el significat econòmic de les terres posseïdes per cada patrimoni familiar (més enllà de la simple consideració de les superfícies). EI primer pas consisteix en l'anàlisi dels usos del sòl, dels conreus principals i la seva ordenació en rotacions, dels rendiments físics, de les practiques de reposició de la fertilitat i de la dotació ramadera. A continuació es descriuen les tècniques i el procés de treball agrari amb l'objectiu de formular un model d'organització del treball agrícola que permeti mesurar les exigències en treball d'aquesta activitat. Es conclou que, des de la perspectiva de l'ocupació i de la demanda de treball generades pel sistema agrari, les localitats rurals es caracteritzaven per un fort excedent de mà d'obra en relació a les demandes laborals dels conreus tant des d'una perspectiva macroeconòmica com microeconòmica. EI tercer capítol es centra en l'avaluació de les necessitats de consum i reproducció de les UFP. Les estimacions realitzades permeten proposar un model flexible, que és contrastat amb els ingressos potencialment obtenibles per cada patrimoni. S'arriba a la conclusió que només una ínfima part de la població arribava a obtenir, amb l'explotació directa del seu patrimoni, l'ingrés necessari per a la seva reproducció econòmica simple. Paral·lelament però, es posa de relleu la importància econòmica i social dels petits patrimonis pagesos. S'estima que entorn una mitjana del 45% del sòl agrícola estava posseït per aquest segment de propietaris i, en el quart capítol, s'estudien les implicacions d'aquest fet. EI retrat de la situació de partida finalitza amb l'estudi dels règims de no-propietat predominants a la comarca.
En la segona part, aquesta visió estàtica deixa pas a una anàlisi dinàmica. A mitjan segle XIX, al Baix Empordà, s'estava arribant a la fi d'una llarga etapa expansiva iniciada una centúria abans. Els primers signes d'esgotament varen ser la intensa pèrdua de població rural entre 1860 i 1880, la paralització de l'expansió dels conreus i el fort desenvolupament de la industria surera, eix del nou motor econòmic comarcal. Amb posterioritat a 1860 els canvis en l'estructura distributiva de la propietat varen tendir a apuntar cap a la consolidació de la propietat pagesa. Es va produir un procés de transferència de terres des dels sectors rendistes cap a sectors pagesos que va realitzar-se a través de compravendes en el mercat de la terra més que a través d'establiments i subestabliments emfitèutics. Va tenir com a conseqüència última el retrocés dels vells patrimonis rendistes, que, en general, no varen ser substituïts per l'aparició de nous grans patrimonis, com havia pogut passar fins aleshores. Paral·lelament, un bon nombre d'unitats familiars rurals també varen anar abandonant el camp i les seves propietats, produint-se una altra línia de transferència de terres entre sectors pagesos.
La depreciació sostinguda dels preus agrícoles, la caiguda de la renda agrària, la superior rendibilitat de les inversions en valors mobiliaris i la incidència d'una creixent conflictivitat agrària són els factors que es destaquen per explicar la reculada dels grans patrimonis territorials. Des de la perspectiva pagesa es proposen tres elements explicatius per interpretar el procés d'acumulació patrimonial observat en un determinat segment de població: (1) el manteniment d'estratègies de producció per a l'autoconsum (un aspecte sempre polèmic i de difícil demostració); (2) l'existència d'un flux important d'ingressos salarials i extra-agrícoles en la composició de l'ingrés familiar pagès; i (3) el canvi en les orientacions tècniques i productives de les explotacions pageses. La combinació dels tres, alhora que hauria limitat els efectes directes dels moviments dels preus agraris, hauria possibilitat l'estratègia acumulativa observada.
The thesis studies agrarian change in one particular Catalan region, the Baix Empordà, in NE Catalonia, from the middle of the nineteenth to the middle of the twentieth centuries. Its main running theme is the distribution of agricultural-land ownership, but many other variables are also taken into account. In the process, some methods are tried out which are not very usual in the analysis of land-ownership distribution and its evolution in the modem period.
The thesis shows that changes in both land ownership and the social structure of the rural population, for the area and period under study, worked out, on the whole, in favour of the peasants. More specifically, it sets out to prove that: (I) the considerable importance of small peasant property in the structure of land ownership and within the agrarian system as a whole was already characteristic of the situation at the start of the period; (2) after the Great Depression of the late nineteenth century, declining profits and the erosion of certain traditional mechanisms for the extraction of land revenue turned the landed sectors away from agriculture who had up to then exercised their hegemony, both economic and social, in rural society; (3) and, lastly, there was over the period an expansion in peasant ownership in the form of an increase in the holdings of a significant proportion of peasant families through the purchase of land coming onto the market as a result of the break-up of old estates.
Though the magnitude of those changes must not be exaggerated and though the general process was not without ambiguities, the peasant homestead showed remarkable resilience and ability to adapt to increasingly dominant capitalist conditions, all theoretical predictions to the contrary notwithstanding.
The thesis is organized in two parts. In the first, a detailed description of the mid-nineteenth-¬century agrarian system of the region is provided, with a view to establishing the precise economic function and value of the land held by each peasant family (instead of looking simply at the size of the holdings). This entails, first of all, an analysis of land use, main crops, rotation practices, yields, methods of fertilization, and types and numbers of livestock possessed. Next, work techniques and processes are examined in order to arrive at a model for the organization of agricultural work allowing a quantified appraisal of its requirements in terms of labour. This leads to the conclusion that, given the demand for labour generated by such an agricultural system, the area produced a considerable labour surplus, whether one looks at it on the macroeconomic for the microeconomic level. The third chapter evaluates the needs of the peasant household in terms of consumption and reproduction. The samples studied provide a flexible model which is then compared with the potential income for each household, thus showing that only a small number of households were able to derive from their holdings alone the necessary income for more economic reproduction. Yet the economic and social importance of small holdings is also in evidence, with about 45% of all agricultural land falling into that category. The implications are examined in the fourth chapter, the first part thus ending with a look at the forms of non-owning land exploitation prevailing in the area.
In the second part, this static picture becomes a dynamic analysis. By the mid-nineteenth century, the region was coming to the end of a long period of expansion which had begun one hundred years earlier. The first signs of this were the serious loss of rural population between 1860 and 1880, the end of further increase in land cultivation, and the strong expansion of the cork industry, which became the area's driving economic sector. After 1860, changes in the structure of land-ownership distribution tended towards the consolidation of peasant ownership. There was a process of transfer of property from landed renters to peasants by means of sales, rather than the traditional emphyteutic leasing and subleasing. This led eventually to the drastic shrinking of the landed-estate sector, as the broken-up old estates ceased to be replaced by new ones as before. At the same time, however, a good number of peasant families were leaving the land too, thus adding, from a different direction, to the steady flow of land transfers within the rural population.
Falling prices and revenue, higher returns from other tie Ids of investment, and increasing social unrest in the agricultural sector are the reasons offered in explanation for the decline of the landed estates. As for the corresponding developments on the peasants' side, and more particularly the accumulation of land in the hands of some amongst them, three reasons are put forward: 1) the persistence of strategies of production for own consumption (always a controversial point and one not easy to prove); 2) the important size of wage earnings and earnings from outside agriculture as a share of the overall household income; and 3) changes in techniques and production strategies within the peasant exploitation units themselves. These three factors combined to soften the effects of the changes in agricultural prices and to allow for the strategy for land accumulation which is shown to be characteristic of the period.
Ahlsén, Emely. "Open spaces - blank pages." Thesis, Konstfack, Ädellab/Metallformgivning, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-3227.
Full textMotlow, Elizabeth Handley. "Pages from my library /." Online version of thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/8754.
Full textSelf, Lance. "APPLYING INTERACTIVE WEB PAGES." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607689.
Full textVisitors to web pages are, in most cases, restricted to viewing information the page designer has anticipated they will be interested in viewing. Many times this is adequate, but there are instances where the visitor wants the information they view to be based on selections they choose. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Space Vehicles Directorate anticipates selected customers will have a need to view very large data sets that vary from the satellite payload to the satellite state of health1, and will require controlling what they view in an “ad hoc” manner. In response, AFRL is using Java Server Pages developed within the data center to bring interactive and dynamic web page content to these customers.
Danz, Peter. "Der moralische Status von Tieren der philosophische Umgang mit widersprüchlichen Intuitionen." Halle/Saale Hallescher Verl, 2006. http://www.hallescher-verlag.de/pages/40_2.html.
Full textWang, Yi. "Hierarchhical classification of web pages." Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1943013.
Full textBastard, Irène. "De proches en pages, de pages en proches : Exploration et réception des informations en ligne." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENST0064/document.
Full textWhy do people post news on Facebook? What does a post mean compared to other forms ofexpression? And how does this activity contribute to media appropriation? This research focuses on sharing news, meaning an online interaction which uses information. This activity seems to be the social solution to supporting a person's online exploration. “Who shares what with whom?” is the question asked in this research through multiple approaches, both qualitative and quantitative. The first part is an exploration of online artefacts, counts of what media was shared online, and a few interviews. These diverse points of view show that sharing news enhances public expression of information, but only for some users. Sharing news is a limited part of online media consumption and online interaction. The second part of the research looks in detail at teenagers’ practices on Facebook. For young people on Facebook, all expression has to be social and online artefacts are a way to tell somebody one's position on an issue or on a relationship. News may be there to open interactions. The last part of the research deals with a large dataset of individual Facebook data, available thanks to Algopol Application. Analysis of the diversity of publications shows that the news people share online takes into account their offline media preferences and social activities. Sharing news is an online way of expression based on informations’ reception
Torrens, Arnal Míriam. "Pagesos del Post-Socialisme. Un Estudi de Comunitat a Transilvània." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129105.
Full textThe collapse of European socialism was the start for a broad range of economic, political, social and ideological changes. These changes led to a series of debates about the models that should guide the process. The restitution of private properties was one of the key issues for the new post-socialist governments, and necessary condition of political and social progress in the framework of a market economy. But two decades later, the economic situation of the countries of Eastern and Central Europe compels us to inquiry on the shortcomings of the neoliberal agenda. In the last decade, Anthropology has developed a critical view of the post-socialist promises based on ethnographical experiences and on the theoretical criticism of neoliberal approaches. Private property rights were wanted by both, liberals (or neoliberals) and peasants, but they pursued different and in most cases incompatible goals. What it happened during the transition was against the expectations previously generated: the devolution of lands to their former owners was accompanied by a 'return' to a subsistence and demonetarized economy and to the reestablishment of rather old customary institutions. This process has taken place in a new macro-political, economic and demographic context, defined by mass emigration, inflation, the consequences of the so-called green revolution, and the agricultural globalization. The aim of the thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the complex situation of therural areas in post-socialist Europe through a case study of a Transylvanian peasant community. On the one hand, the economic peasant culture was seen as an obstacle for the socialist state as far as it wanted to control the agrarian production for feeding the industrial growth. On the other hand, the peasant economy did not fit with the neoliberal schemes, which have been dominant in the post-socialist period. These schemes expect that the market alienation of land, combined with the legal security of ownership, would give to the farmer the incentives he needs in order to innovate, and to increase productivity (Hann, 2003:7). Following the ethnographic account, this thesis poses that the economic efficiency and the legal rules of property must be confronted to the socio-cultural local context. In our case, the local context means a peasant community defined by moral values, customary law, and customary forms of production and property handling. The economic activity in the community is constantly defined by the overlapping of two spheres of social exchange: kinship and neighborhood. In addition, the local culture needs to be contextualized in the current globalized agricultural system of production and trade. The thesis focuses on the ideological, economic, social and moral conflicts, in order to understand the tensions provoked for the economic and political projects imposed first by socialism and afterwards by liberalism.The reliability of the ethnographic account should provide us with a fine-tuned interpretation of the present situation. This can help us to avoid the oversimplifications of both orthodox Marxism and orthodox neoliberalism perspectives.
Frese, Anette. "Barocke Titelgraphik am Beispiel der Verlagsstadt Köln, 1570-1700 : Funktion, Sujet, Typologie /." Köln : Böhlau Verl, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35526429m.
Full textLi, Yong. "Topic-based segmentation of web pages." Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1445895.
Full textChambers, Cynthia R. "Turning Pages Together: Inclusive Book Clubs." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3867.
Full textKoning, Ruben de. "People in motion "an entitlements approach to Karimojong agro-pasturalism" /." Nijmegen, The Netherlands : CIDIN, 2003. http://www.ru.nl/contents/pages/30264/op113.pdf.
Full textGkoutos, Georgios Vasileios. "Internet-based resource discovery in chemo-bioinformatics." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268851.
Full textJenkins, Charlotte. "Automatic classification and metadata generation for world-wide web resources." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/89094.
Full textKarimian, Sichani Mandana. "Entwicklung und Implementierung einer statistischen Auswertung für die Dekanatsdatenbank der Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8862164.
Full textYang, Xiaoyu. "Querying Web pages with database query languages." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39899.pdf.
Full textMacGregor, Fiona M. "Agents of change : women creating web pages /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0019/MQ54934.pdf.
Full textJanevski, Angel. "UniversityIE: Information Extraction From University Web Pages." UKnowledge, 2000. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/217.
Full textSantini, Marina. "Automatic identification of genre in Web pages." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439208.
Full textPapacharissi, Zozo-Angeliki. "The personal utility of individual home pages /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full textSanoja, Vargas Andrés. "Segmentation de pages web, évaluation et applications." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066004/document.
Full textWeb pages are becoming more complex than ever, as they are generated by Content Management Systems (CMS). Thus, analyzing them, i.e. automatically identifying and classifying different elements from Web pages, such as main content, menus, among others, becomes difficult. A solution to this issue is provided by Web page segmentation which refers to the process of dividing a Web page into visually and semantically coherent segments called blocks.The quality of a Web page segmenter is measured by its correctness and its genericity, i.e. the variety of Web page types it is able to segment. Our research focuses on enhancing this quality and measuring it in a fair and accurate way. We first propose a conceptual model for segmentation, as well as Block-o-Matic (BoM), our Web page segmenter. We propose an evaluation model that takes the content as well as the geometry of blocks into account in order to measure the correctness of a segmentation algorithm according to a predefined ground truth. The quality of four state of the art algorithms is experimentally tested on four types of pages. Our evaluation framework allows testing any segmenter, i.e. measuring their quality. The results show that BoM presents the best performance among the four segmentation algorithms tested, and also that the performance of segmenters depends on the type of page to segment.We present two applications of BoM. Pagelyzer uses BoM for comparing two Web pages versions and decides if they are similar or not. It is the main contribution of our team to the European project Scape (FP7-IP). We also developed a migration tool of Web pages from HTML4 format to HTML5 format in the context of Web archives
Siva, Sahithi Pokala. "Design and delivery : functional colour web pages." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343620.
Full textSelf, Lance. "SERVING INTERACTIVE WEB PAGES TO TechSat21 CUSTOMERS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607668.
Full textTechSat21 is an innovative satellite program sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Its mission is to control a cluster of satellites that, when combined, create a “virtual satellite” with which to conduct various experiments in sparse aperture sensing and formation flying. Because TechSat21 customers have a need to view very large data sets that vary from the payload to the satellite state of health1 a modern viewing method using Java Server Pages and Active Server Pages is being developed to meet these interactive dynamic demands.
Capdevila, Muntadas Alexandra. "Pagesos, mariners i comerciants a la Catalunya litoral. El Maresme a l'època moderna." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2080.
Full textLa recerca que hem desenvolupat ha analitzat l'evolució demogràfica, el perfil sòcio-demográfic, el perfil sòcio-professional, la distribución dels conreus, l'activitat comercial, el nivell de riquesa i cultura material, així com l'endeutament dels particulars i dels ens públics d'aquesta comarca, en el decurs de l'Edat Moderna.
Des del punt de vista cronològic, ens hem plantejat una investigació de llarga durada, per tal de situar no només la data de l'expansió econòmica d'aquesta zona, sinò també per demostrar fins a quin punt aquest creixement va anar evolucionat durant tot el segle XVIII.
Hem seleccionat sis poblacions amb uns perfils professionals ben diferents: unes d'economia més agrària (Vilassar, Llavaneres, Cabrera i Tordera) i unes altres on l'economia agafa un caire més mercantil (Arenys de Mar i Canet). D'aquesta manera, hem pogut observar si aquesta especialització econòmica va permetre l'aparició de comportaments diferents dins d'aquests dos mitjans professionals. Així, les localitats més agràries es ruralitzarien i les més marineres es mercantilitzarien. Tanmateix, aquesta especialització econòmica precoç hauria desencadenat una major vulnerabilitat i dependència d'aquesta comarca davant l'esclat de conflictes bèl·lics o els efectes de les crisis frumentàries a causa dels problemes derivats del subministrament d'aliments.
This dissertation has tried to show that during the 16th and 17th centuries the basis of the Maresme's economic growth in the 18th century was established thanks to the demographic expansion, the exclusive cultivation of vineyards, and the strong commercial activity in its ports. The choice of six towns with precise professional identities, some of them more agrarian, some of them with more maritime activities, has allowed to observe that within this economic specialization different behaviours would have taken place. Thus, agrarian towns would have become more rural, whereas the maritime ones would have become more mercantile. Anyhow, the early specialization would have caused a greater vulnerability and dependance of this area before outbreak of wars on the corn crisis due to the food supply problems.
RESUMEN DE LA TESIS:
Si el siglo XVII catalán había sido considerado como un período de declive económico, las últimas aportaciones bibliográficas han modificado algunos de los tópicos historiográficos más arraigados. En este contexto, esta Tesis Doctoral ha pretendido demostrar que en la comarca catalana del Maresme a lo largo de los siglos XVI y XVII se habrían asentado las bases del crecimiento económico del siglo XVIII fruto de la expansión demográfica, la especialización vitivinícola y la intensidad de la actividad comercial desarrollada desde sus puertos.
La investigación ha analizado la evolución demográfica. El perfil sociodemográfica, el perfil socio-profesional, la distribución de los cultivos, la actividad comercial, el nivel de riqueza y cultural material, así como el endeudamiento particular y público de esta comarca, situada en las proximidades de Barcelona, a lo largo de la época moderna.
Cronológicamente, nos hemos planteado una investigación de larga duración, para situar no sólo la fecha de su expansión económica, sino también para evidenciar como había ido evolucionando este crecimiento durante el siglo XVIII
Hemos seleccionado seis poblaciones con unos perfiles profesionales muy dispares: unas más agrarias (Vilassar, Llavaneres, Cabrera y Tordera) y otras más mercantiles (Arenys de Mar y Canet). Así, hemos podido observar, si en el contexto de esta especialización económica se habrían producido comportamientos distintos entre estos dos medios profesionales.
Wagner, Jodi. "Development of dynamically-generated pages on a website." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/JWagner2006.pdf.
Full textChambers, Cynthia R. "Turning Pages Together: An Inclusive Book Club Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3870.
Full textChambers, Cynthia R., and M. Sheffield. "Turning Pages Together: An Inclusive Book Club Project." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3872.
Full textChambers, Cynthia R. "Turning Pages Together: Supporting Literacy and Social Engagement." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3848.
Full textJUNIOR, EUGENIO PACELLI FERREIRA DIAS. "USING REINFORCEMENT LEARNING ON WEB PAGES REVISITING PROBLEM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19637@1.
Full textNo ambiente da Internet, as informações que desejamos frequentemente encontram-se em diferentes localidades. Algumas aplicações, para funcionarem corretamente, precisam manter cópias locais de parte dessas informações. Manter a consistência e a atualidade de uma base de dados, mais especificamente um conjunto de cópias de páginas web, é uma tarefa que vem sendo sistematicamente estudada. Uma abordagem possível a esse problema é a aplicação de técnicas de aprendizado por reforço, que utiliza técnicas de programação dinâmica e análise estocástica para obter uma boa política de agendamento de atualizações das cópias de páginas web. O presente trabalho tem por finalidade validar o uso de técnicas de aprendizado por reforço no problema em questão, assim como encontrar aspectos do problema que possam ser úteis na modelagem da solução empregada.
In the Internet, the information we desire is usually spread over different locations. For some applications, it is necessary to maintain local copies of this information. Keeping consistency as well as freshness of a data base, or more specifically a set of internet web pages, is a task systematically studied. An approach to this problem is the use of reinforcement learning techniques, using dynamic programming and stochastic analysis to obtain a good rescheduling policy for the web pages copies. This work is proposed to validate the use of reinforcement learning techniques over this problem, as well as finding features of the problem useful to model the developed solution.
Eraslan, Sukru. "Eye tracking scanpath trend analysis on Web pages." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/eye-tracking-scanpath-trend-analysis-on-web-pages(ebe4f6de-308a-4c5a-885a-2ba7af04e4b7).html.
Full textNathan, Vikram. "Measuring time to interactivity for modern Web pages." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115749.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 53-56).
Web pages continually strive for faster loading times to improve user experience. However, a good metric for "page load time" is elusive. In particular, we contend that modern web pages should be evaluated with respect to interactivity: a page should be considered loaded when the user can fully interact with all visible content. However, existing metrics fail to accurately measure interactivity. On one hand, "page load time", the most widely used metric, overestimates the time to full interactivity by requiring that all content on a page has been both fetched and evaluated, including content below-the-fold that is not immediately visible to the user. Newer metrics like Above-the-Fold Time and Speed Index solve this problem by focusing primarily on above-the-fold content; however, these metrics only evaluate the time at which a page is fully visible to the user, disregarding page functionality, and thus interactivity. In this thesis, we define a new metric called Ready Index, which explicitly captures interactivity. Defining the metric is straightforward, but measuring it is not, since web developers do not explicitly annotate the parts of a page that support user interaction. To solve this problem, we introduce Vesper, a tool which rewrites a page's source code to automatically discover the page's interactive state. Armed with Vesper, we compare Ready Index to prior load time metrics like Speed Index. We find that, across a variety of network conditions, prior metrics underestimate or overestimate the true load time for a page by between 24% and 64%. Additionally, we introduce a tool that optimizes a page for Ready Index and is able to decrease the median time to page interactivity by between 29% and 32%.
by Vikram Nathan.
S.M.
Caraponale, Vanessa Ferrer. "Traduções de Pages d\'Atelier de Francis Ponge." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8146/tde-03052018-094557/.
Full textThis dissertation aims at allowing the access to a little known portion of Francis Ponges works by means of the translation of fifteen selected texts, extracted from his anthology of unedited works and manuscripts titled Pages dAtelier 1917-1982, written in different formats and periods, that are here organized around four central themes: Reflections on literature, Poetic self-reflections, Textual objects and On Surrealism. Considering the intended approach, we seek to present the main characteristics of the french writers work, namely, language issues, the materiality of the words and the absence of form, as well as contextualizing his work, discussing its influences and bringing some of the dialogues established in his texts with french writers and philosophers. In addition also, this work brings a debate about the translation and the anthology as places of rewriting, something that is important when we think about Ponges reception in Brazil. Because it is a commented translation, we bring as well a discussion on the possible types of notes in this kind of practice.
LUQUE, PAZ FRANCISCO. "Grammaires et grammaticalite. (pages critiques de syntaxe espagnole)." Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030085.
Full textAs the criterion for grammatical acceptability always seems to go along with the grammatical norm from which it proceeds (and to which any speech-utterance is obviously supposed to be subordinated), we inted to show, through a critical analysis of some aspects of spanish syntax as it has been introduced and studied in the best-known and most often used grammar-books both in france and spain for half-a-century, not only how many grammar-rules, which have been put forward by their respective authors on the basis of their own language-acceptabilities, are self-contradictory (within each separate book) but how all these normative grammars themselves differ from the actual language-system at work in many accepted speech-occurences. In other words and despite the well-established fact that any language tends to elude the limits that one should like to impose upon it, the blatant diversity of points of view among grammarians makes one wonder if erasmus was not right when he mentioned that "there are as many grammars as grammarians"
Weng, Daiyue. "Extracting structured data from Web query result pages." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709858.
Full textAlves, Ricardo João de Freitas. "Declarative approach to data extraction of web pages." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5822.
Full textIn the last few years, we have been witnessing a noticeable WEB evolution with the introduction of significant improvements at technological level, such as the emergence of XHTML, CSS,Javascript, and Web2.0, just to name ones. This, combined with other factors such as physical expansion of the Web, as well as its low cost, have been the great motivator for the organizations and the general public to join, with a consequent growth in the number of users and thus influencing the volume of the largest global data repository. In consequence, there was an increasing need for regular data acquisition from the WEB, and because of its frequency, length or complexity, it would only be viable to obtain through automatic extractors. However, two main difficulties are inherent to automatic extractors. First, much of the Web's information is presented in visual formats mainly directed for human reading. Secondly, the introduction of dynamic webpages, which are brought together in local memory from different sources, causing some pages not to have a source file. Therefore, this thesis proposes a new and more modern extractor, capable of supporting the Web evolution, as well as being generic, so as to be able to be used in any situation, and capable of being extended and easily adaptable to a more particular use. This project is an extension of an earlier one which had the capability of extractions on semi-structured text files. However it evolved to a modular extraction system capable of extracting data from webpages, semi-structured text files and be expanded to support other data source types. It also contains a more complete and generic validation system and a new data delivery system capable of performing the earlier deliveries as well as new generic ones. A graphical editor was also developed to support the extraction system features and to allow a domain expert without computer knowledge to create extractions with only a few simple and intuitive interactions on the rendered webpage.
Mayayo, i. Artal Andreu. "La destrucció del món rural català 1880-1980: de pagesos a obrers i ciutadans." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2002.
Full textCatalunya no ha estat, és clar, una excepció d'aquest procés de destrucció del món rural; ans al contrari, ha estat un dels exemples més punyents. El món rural català ha estat espoliat demogràficament, econòmicament, socialment i culturalment. Les dades són prou eloqüents: la població que habitava en municipis de menys de dos mil habitants ha passat de representar gairebé la meitat del total de Catalunya a poc més del sis per cent, els actius agraris han passat del cinquanta-vuit per cent al cinc i escaig per cent, armb una pèrdua neta de prop 370.000. Però encara ho són més, d'eloqüents, les transformacions socials i culturals dels nostres pobles. La cultura urbana s'ha escampat pertot esvanint la frontera inveterada entre la Catalunya rural i la Catalunya urbana. Avui Catalunya és, amb les matisacions corresponents, econòmicament, socialment i culturalment una sola unitat: la "Catalunya-ciutat".
Aquesta tesi intenta descriure el procés català a partir de tres grans eixos: primer, el plantejament de llarga durada i l'espai territorial del Principat; segon, la seva inserció dins el context internacional amb un plantejament d'història comparada; tercer, el seu caràcter interdisciplinar i totalitzador. La finalitat, doncs, no era tant l'aportació documental, l'erudició o sistematització d'unes determinades fonts, omplir alguna de les grans llacunes historiogràfiques, sinò la de formular noves preguntes als testimonis, fets i dades, que ja en disposàvem. Defugir les preguntes de sempre i obrir, si més no, nous interrogants. Interpretar, al capdavall, el procés d'industrialització i d'urbanització des de la perspectiva del món que s'esvania, els estralls i els costos socials que ha generat; recuperar, així mateix, els models alternatius que, d'una manera o altra, foren derrotats o marginats.
El plantejament de la tesi topava amb dos entrebancs de pes i d'una banda, la historiografia catalana havia renunciat a descriure el procés contemporani del món rural -encara continua capficada en la transició del feudalisme al capitalisme-; de l'altra, l'aportació d'altres estudiosos -geògrafs, economistes, antropòlegs, sociòlegs...- tenien un denominador comú, acadèmic i disciplinari: fragmentaven (alguns, per cert, de forma excel.lent) una realitat complexa i heterogènia. En aquest sentit, les fonts i la metodologia esdevenia el problema central.
L'elecció de les fonts i la seva jerarquització depenia en bona mesura del tema tractat més que no d'un plantejament inicial de preferències. Tot amb tot, he utilitzat el cinema com a fil conductor de l'anàlisi dels processos italià, francès i nord-americà. M'interessava subratllar la importància del llenguatge audiovisual en la formació cultural contemporània, així com la necessitat d'inserir-lo de ple en el discurs historiogràfic. Calia, si més no, prevenir la miopia intel.lectual que es produeix quan anem al cinema amb les ulleres de llegir llibres. Sense menyspreu de les fonts tradicionals de la història i els seus lligams, en el millor dels casos, amb la geografia, l'economia i el dret, he maldat per donar peu a d'altres fonts -cinema, literatura, rondalles, arquitectura, urbanisme...- i lligar-les amb el discurs antropològic, literari, artístic, sociològic...
A tall de conclussions podem esmentar: primer, el sistema de contractes de conreu -principalment de parceria i rabassa- com a base del desenvolupament del capitalisme al camp català i de les lluites socials entre propietaris i pagesos; segon, la subordinació cada cop més important de l'explotació familiar agrària front el "model californià" de les grans empreses agràries; tercer, l'augment creixent de l'agricultura a temps parcial i de la mà d'obra d'origen africà; quart, l'èxode rural com una forma de vaga (protesta) permanent, individual i a cops col.lectiva; cinquè, la discontinuttat de la cultura de base tradicional en la formació laboral i en les relacions socials dels pagesos, és a dir, l'adopció d'una mentalitat empresarial i unes pautes de comportament urbanes; sisè, la riquesa i pluralitat del sindicalisme agrari -amb la inclusió de tot un seguit de mapes per tal de localitzar la geografia de les diferents organitzacions sindicals i la seva evolució-; setè, l'arrelament i la força del societarisme pagès palesada, entre d'altres exemples, en el desenvolupament del cooperativisme tant en el seu vessant revolucionari-democràtic com en el vessant reformista-burgès; vuitè, els dèficits democràtics respecte el camp, i concretament el sindicalisme agrari, de l'anomenada transició política dels anys setanta; novè, l'exhauriment del model cooperatiu centenari -amb el tancament de moltes cooperatives- i la seva reconversió des del punt de vista empresarial; desè, l'escolarització, el servei militar i el desenvolupament dels mitjans de comunicació i transport de masses com agents del canvi esdevingut.
Deu conclussions que es poden resumir en dues grans idees: el pas de pagesos a obrers -en d'altres sectors productius o com agricultors amb mentalitat empresarial, si més no de la racionalitat econòmica capitalista- i el pas de pagesos a ciutadans, amb una cultura plenament urbana mal grat la seva activitat o el nombre d'habitants del seu municipi. Dues idees que es palesran amb molta més rotunditat en els propers anys en la perspectiva del Mercat Únic Europeu de la CEE, amb la jubilació de gairebé la meitat dels actius agraris i la pressió urbanitzadora del sòl agrícola.
Tello, Enric. "Pagesos, menestrals i rendistes. Cervera i la Segarra en l'arrencada industrial catalana (1702-1861)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2000.
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