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Journal articles on the topic 'Pagu language'
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Perangin-Angin, Dalan M., and Novita Dewi. "A study of Pagu proverbs: Saving an endangered language of North Halmahera." Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 10, no. 2 (October 18, 2020): 327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v10i2.28597.
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Pagu is an endangered Non-Austronesian language spoken in North Halmahera, Indonesia. This research is an endeavor to save the language specifically through documenting and studying its proverbs in order to reveal the linguistic patterns and meanings of these proverbs. A mixed qualitative and quantitative method is applied to see their structure and characteristics (Angouri, 2010; Rasinger, 2010). It presents a number of stylistic and structural features of Pagu proverbs based on the preliminary research of 2012-2014 (D. Perangin-Angin, 2013) and recent online communication with one of the Pagu community leaders. The findings show that, first, metaphor and simile are the most common features in Pagu proverbs that function to express politeness through indirectness (Brown Levinson, 1987; Thomas, 2014). Second, structurally it was found out that Pagu proverbs do not follow the typical Europeans structure such as relationships between elements (Dundes, 1975), number of clause, types of sentences (Mac Coinnigh, 2015), and types of figurative languages (e.g. Eaglestone, 2000). But rather, Pagu proverbs vary in different structures that intend to express the Pagu culture and thought namely indirect politeness.
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Perangin Angin, Dalan Mehuli. "An Extended Study on Tense and Aspect Markers in Pagu." Journal of Language and Literature 22, no. 2 (September 26, 2022): 389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v22i2.4765.
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This paper revisits four clitics of Pagu (a West-Papuan language spoken in North Halmahera, Indonesia) those that have been described as Tense and Aspect markers (Wimbish 1991): -oka, -ou -osi, and -uli. The first one is considered a tense marker for ‘non-future’ time, while the other three are aspect markers for ‘perfective’, ‘imperfective’, and ‘repetitive’ respectively. Following a metatypy approach (Ross 2006; 2001), I argue that while these clitics have the tense-aspect functions, at the same time under a unified analysis, each should have an extended function vis. a ‘locational marker of space and time’, ‘confirmative’, ‘durative’, and ‘repetitive presupposition marker’, respectively. These meanings and functions are based on the speakers’ interpretation of them in the local lingua franca (a variety of the North Maluku Malay). This supports Bowden’s (2012) argument that the indigenous languages of North Halmahera (Papuan) have influenced the present varieties of Malay spoken as the lingua franca in the region.
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Fabijanić, Ivo. "O poskusu metodološkega pristopa k zapisovanju in analizi frazemov v napisih na nagrobnikih (epitafih)." Jezikoslovni zapiski 27, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/jz.27.2.07.
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Prispevek govori o novem metodološkem pristopu k identifikaciji, zapisovanju in analiziranju hrvaških frazemov v nagrobnih napisih. Zapisanih je bilo 138 frazemov s 127 nagrobnih napisov na mestnem pokopališču Pag (na otoku Pagu). Po izvedeni terenski raziskavi, postopkih in orodjih je v specifičnem metodološkem okviru opravljena razvrstitev frazemov po klasifikaciji Antice Menac iz leta 2007 na tri osnovne tipe: po izvoru, obliki in slogu.
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Lingga Wijaya, Harma Oktafia, Tri Hasanah Bimastari Aviani, Adi Saputra, and Zulhipni Reno Saputra Elsi. "PENERAPAN UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE PADA PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI KARTU KENDALI BERBASIS WEB." Jusikom : Jurnal Sistem Komputer Musirawas 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32767/jusikom.v5i2.1099.
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Penelitian ini menguraikan tentang metode perancangan dan pembuatan sistem informasi kartu kendali belanja berbasis WEB dengan memanfaatkan perkembangan ilmu teknologi. Proses pekerjaan perkantoran saat ini tidak terlepas dari penggunaan teknologi sebagai pengelolaan keuangan dengan menggunakan sistem informasi berbasis WEB akan lebih mudah digunakan karena sistem informasi ini biasa dibuka melalui semua browser internet.Pembuatan sistem informasi kartu kendali ini dengan menggunakan software PHP dan MySQL.Sistem informasi ini mengendalikan antara pagu/flapon anggaran dengan realisasi yang akan diajukan oleh SKPD kepada Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah sehingga menjadi tupoksi dari Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah.WEB adalah suatu halaman yang saling berhubungan yang umumnya berada pada peladen yang sama berisikan kumpulan informasi yang disediakan secara perorangan, kelompok, atau organisasi. WEB menyediakan platform terbuka bagi para pengembang dalam menciptakan sistem informasi mereka sendiri untuk digunakan oleh bermacam peranti bergerak. WEB tidak hanya dibutuhkan untuk kalangan bisnis tetapi juga berlaku untuk kalangan perkantoran. Dengan adanya sistem informasi ini dapat mempermudah pegawai dalam melakukan pekerjaan pengendalian realisasi belanja yang akan diajukan.Kartu kendali belanja adalah sebuah kartu yang dipergunakan untuk pencatatan belanja/realisasi sebagai pengendali/batasan agar tidak melebihi dari ketentuan yang telah diatur dalam suatu organisasi.
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S.S., M.Pd., Nursyamsi. "KERAGAMAN PENGGUNAAN BAHASA PADA MEDIA LUAR RUANG DI KOTA PALU." Multilingual 18, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/multilingual.v18i2.120.
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The use of Indonesian in outdoor media is increasingly worrying. This can be seen by the increasing number of Indonesian languages being transferred by foreign languages in public spaces. The Indonesians seem to be powerless in their own country and the substance of the Indonesians seems out of frame. By raising the case of the diversity of language use in outdoor media in the city of Palu, this study aims to describe patterns of diversity in language use, especially the use of foreign languages, regional languages, a mixture of Indonesian and foreign languages, as well as the full use of Indonesian in outdoor media in the city of Palu. The method used in this research is the listening method, the method used to obtain data by listening to the use of language that is in outdoor media in the city of Palu. The analysis shows that the pattern of diversity of language use in external media in the city of Palu is dominated by the use of foreign languages. Of the 280 data captured, 41% of outdoor media use foreign languages, mainly English. Furthermore, 34% of outdoor media use a mixture of Indonesian and foreign languages, 23% use Indonesian in full, and only 2% use local languages.keywords: language diversity, outdoor media
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Arias Chávez, Dennis, Teresa Ramos Quispe, Luis Alberto Núñez Lira, and Miguel Gerardo Inga Arias. "El ciberlenguaje juvenil universitario: Análisis de los textos de la página de Facebook Confesiones." Propósitos y Representaciones 6, no. 2 (August 22, 2018): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.20511/pyr2018.v6n2.238.
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La presentación del ciberlenguaje como una de las variantes de la lengua incluye una discusión sobre su carácter como forma intermedia entre la oralidad y la escritura y las fuerzas responsables de los cambios lingüísticos. Por una parte, la vertiente popular que ha dado origen a la evolución constante de la lengua; y por otra, la culta que se esfuerza por recuperar la forma etimológica (Betancourt, 2010). El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar los fenómenos lingüísticos presentes en los textos que figuran en la página de Facebook denominada “Confesiones” de 6 universidades peruanas: tres arequipeñas y tres filiales de universidades limeñas en esta ciudad. El corpus de análisis consta de 70 textos, el diseño es descriptivo transversal de tipo documental y como instrumento se utilizó una ficha de registro de variaciones lingüísticas en la que se recogen y analizan los rasgos ortográficos, léxico-semánticos, léxico-sintácticos, además de la función que cumple el lenguaje utilizado en este medio. El estudio evidencia la existencia de una variedad heterogénea con un marcado carácter creativo de los textos. En lo que se refiere a los rasgos ortográficos, destacan la elisión de vocales, sustitución y multiplicación de grafemas consonánticos. Los rasgos léxico-semánticos de los textos analizados muestran un marcado uso de eufemismos, palabras coloquiales y anglicismos. Desde el punto de vista léxico-sintáctico, el análisis muestra que, pese al carácter más o menos informal del medio que se utiliza (Facebook), los mensajes que se transmiten son textos que desarrollan argumentaciones completas y complejas. Finalmente, las funciones que prevalecen en los textos son la emotiva y fática.
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Kumar, Aman, and Priyanka Sharma. "Open AI Codex: An Inevitable Future?" International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49048.
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Abstract: OpenAI Codex is an AI system that converts natural language into code, OpenAI shows how the software can be used to build simple websites and rudimentary natural language games, translate between different programming languages, and answer data science queries. The user enters English commands into the software. For example, Create a web page with a menu on the side and a title at the top and Codex will translate this into code. Codex is the model behind GitHub Copilot, developed and launched in partnership with GitHub. Codex is proficient in over 10 programming languages and can interpret and execute simple natural language commands on your behalf, allowing you to create natural language interfaces to your existing applications.
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Skibsrud, Johanna. ""If We Dare To": Border Crossings in Erin Mouré’s O Cidadán." Brock Review 11, no. 1 (March 25, 2010): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/br.v11i1.91.
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This essay explores the space of contact between languages–particularly that of French and English–within Erin Mouré’s recent collection of poetry, O Cidadán. The following discussion demonstrates the manner in which a tangible place for each language, without appropriating one into another, is created on the page. Drawing on the writings of Mary Louise Pratt and Jacques Derrida, I argue that instead of defining the language interaction, or translating one language into another, Mouré constructs a "contact zone" where deferring/differing spaces of language intersect and are made "visible" and are "touched."
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Robinson, Peter J., and Stephen M. Strasen. "Standard Page Description Language." Computer Communications 12, no. 2 (April 1989): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-3664(89)90062-5.
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Nadirova, Gulnar, Nazym Konkabayeva, Bayan Zhubatova, and Kunduzay Aubakirova. "Turkic Ethnic Realities in the Medieval Manuscript of Kipchak Origin." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies 12, no. 3 (September 17, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v12.n3.p1.
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<p>The purpose of our work was to analyze the ethnic realities of the Kipchak language in order to establish its similarities and differences with modern Turkic languages for which this medieval language was a proto-language. The written medieval manuscript in Arabic “Al-Tuhfa al-Zakiyya fi al-Lugha al-Turkiyyah” (Genuine wonder about the Turkish language) was one of the most important and most valuable source for studying the Kipchak language. The main feature of the work was that the original version was written in the Kipchak, as the anonymous author pointed out on the first page of the manuscript, stored in Istanbul, in the Beyazit state library. When studying objects that were far apart from each other in a temporary sense, such as medieval and modern languages, we used the comparative-historical method, and as a result concluded that in some cases there were only phonetic differences, while the syntactic and semantic commonality of lexical and phraseological units persisted. To classify ethnic realities, the statistical method of analysis was used. Ethnographic, cultural and mental realities testified to direct kinship and a single nomadic culture of the speakers of the languages of this group and provided an opportunity to restore the historical stages of the development of the Turkic languages from the Middle Ages to the present day.</p>
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Shrestha, Sagun. "Role and Status of English and Other Languages in Nepal." Journal of NELTA 21, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2016): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v21i1-2.20206.
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This paper analyses the role and status of English and other languages in Nepal as well as talks about the attitude of several agents towards English and other languages when used in the domains such as education, media and business. Nepal is a culturally and linguistically diversified country and has undergone various socio-political changes in a very short span of time primarily beginning from 1950 as of now. These changes include abolition of Panchayat, a system in which the king ruled directly led to a democratic country and end of a decade long civil war as well as abolition of monarchy which led to a country as the federal republic. These socio-political changes have made a direct significant impact on language planning and policy. The official language, Nepali and the international language, English are the dominant languages in Nepal which in many cases overshadow the promotion of other vernacular languages. As a result, a majority of people opt for these dominant languages overlooking their own indigenous linguistic affluence. In this paper, as a conclusive remark, I also argue that some plans followed by pragmatic measures are needed to uplift the status of majority of other languages in Nepal. Journal of NELTA, Vol. 21, No. 1-2, 2016, Page:105-112
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Susiani, Ketut. "Pentingnya Pembelajaran Sor Singgih Bahasa Bali Sebagai Budaya Bali Bagi Siswa SD." Dharma Sastra: Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra Daerah 1, no. 2 (October 16, 2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/ds.v1i2.2936.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>The Balinese language is historical evidence for Balinese people who are domiciled as a vehicle for Balinese cultural expression, in which aesthetic, religious, social, political, and other aspects of Balinese life are recorded. The Balinese language is one of the regional languages that has a multi-level language system (anggah-ungguhing basa/sor singgih basa Bali). The purpose of this study was to provide elementary school students with an understanding of the importance of learning the Balinese language asSor Singgih as Balinese culture. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with interview and observation techniques. The results of this research are that it is important for us to teachSor Singgih Balinese language to students, in addition to communicating with other people, we can also introduce the culture of the Balinese language to others. this can be done by using a short storybook, sample stories can make it easier for students to understandSor Singgih Balinese language</span><span>. </span></p></div></div></div>
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Patel, Chandrakant D., and Jayesh M. Patel. "Influence of GUJarati STEmmeR in Supervised Learning of Web Page Categorization." International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications 13, no. 3 (June 8, 2021): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2021.03.03.
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With the large quantity of information offered on-line, it's equally essential to retrieve correct information for a user query. A large amount of data is available in digital form in multiple languages. The various approaches want to increase the effectiveness of on-line information retrieval but the standard approach tries to retrieve information for a user query is to go looking at the documents within the corpus as a word by word for the given query. This approach is incredibly time intensive and it's going to miss several connected documents that are equally important. So, to avoid these issues, stemming has been extensively utilized in numerous Information Retrieval Systems (IRS) to extend the retrieval accuracy of all languages. These papers go through the problem of stemming with Web Page Categorization on Gujarati language which basically derived the stem words using GUJSTER algorithms [1]. The GUJSTER algorithm is based on morphological rules which is used to derived root or stem word from inflected words of the same class. In particular, we consider the influence of extracted a stem or root word, to check the integrity of the web page classification using supervised machine learning algorithms. This research work is intended to focus on the analysis of Web Page Categorization (WPC) of Gujarati language and concentrate on a research problem to do verify the influence of a stemming algorithm in a WPC application for the Gujarati language with improved accuracy between from 63% to 98% through Machine Learning supervised models with standard ratio 80% as training and 20% as testing.
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Muaffaq, Ahmad, and Napis Dj. "FOREIGN LANGUAGE BEHAVIOR OF ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL STUDENTS IN WEST SULAWESI." Al-Qalam 27, no. 1 (July 21, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31969/alq.v27i1.935.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Students of Islamic Boarding Schools in West Sulawesi come from various ethnicities. They relatively concern about their pride, loyalty, and awareness of foreign language norms as an essential part of the Islamic Boarding School curriculum. It also has an impact on the quality of its acquisition. This study aims to describe the students' behavioral patterns in using foreign languages and their factors. The data was excavated from informants on five Islamic Boarding Schools integrated with stratified random sampling models. Data collection techniques were observations, surveys, and interviews. The obtained data were carefully and critically analyzed based on data reduction, presentation, and verification methods. The results showed that the foreign languages in Islamic Boarding Schools at West Sulawesi are generally used passively because the students’ activities highly focus on improving students’ ability in reading. The emphasis is also on the ability to understand Arabic text. Regarding Islamic Boarding School that applies language development for reading and active communication, sociologically, students use foreign languages only in a small number of linguistic situations and in specific domains, namely education. Culturally, foreign language behavior breeds symptoms of multilingualism, bilingualism, code-switching and code-mixing, monolingualism, and interference in all linguistic situations. It is due to the responsibility, loyalty, and motivation of foreign affairs that are still lacking and the insufficient quality of teachers, environmental conditions, and curriculum content.</span></p></div></div></div>
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Rowe, Deborah Wells, and Mary E. Miller. "Designing for diverse classrooms: Using iPads and digital cameras to compose eBooks with emergent bilingual/biliterate four-year-olds." Journal of Early Childhood Literacy 16, no. 4 (July 25, 2016): 425–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468798415593622.
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This paper reports the findings of a two-year design study exploring instructional conditions supporting emerging, bilingual/biliterate, four-year-olds’ digital composing. With adult support, children used child-friendly, digital cameras and iPads equipped with writing, drawing and bookmaking apps to compose multimodal, multilingual eBooks containing photos, child-produced drawings, writing and voice recordings. Children took digital cameras home, and home photos were loaded onto the iPads for bookmaking. In Year 1, eBook activities successfully supported children’s multimodal composing. Children used similar writing forms on the page and screen, and explored the keyboard as an option for writing. Children used digital images as anchors for conversation and composing, and produced oral recordings extending and elaborating written messages. However, most dual-language recordings were created by Spanish-English bilinguals, with speakers of other languages rarely composing in their heritage languages. In Year 2, we redesigned eBook events to better support all children as multimodal, multilingual composers. Revised eBook activities included multilingual, demonstration eBooks containing all the children’s languages, with translations by bilingual adults known to the children. Beginning early in the school year, these eBooks were publicly shared in large group activities. The results showed that all emergent bilingual/biliterate children created dual-language recordings for their eBooks in Year 2. We concluded that: (a) the ability to integrate photos and voice recordings with print and drawings provided new opportunities for learning and teaching not available in page-based composing; (b) the affordances of iPads for children’s learning were shaped by local language and literacy practices.
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Mir, Nighat. "Content-Based Web Watermarking." International Journal of Knowledge Society Research 4, no. 3 (July 2013): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijksr.2013070107.
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With the increasing growth in internet use, information has turned into e-information and provides a greater freedom for information sharing. This also brings a greater need for information security by protecting copyrights of online authors. A novel tamper proof web watermarking technique has been proposed in this paper that uses the textual features of different languages. Initially three different languages (English, Urdu and Arabic) have been used in this research for testing and verification, however this idea can be extended to other languages. Watermarks are generated based on language features and further secured by encryption using advanced encryption standard algorithm to ensure another layer of security. Encrypted watermarks have been embedded into HTML page utilizing the structural aspects of markup language. Experimental results have shown that copied information can be recognized by using the proposed system even after modification attacks without requiring the disclosure of watermark information.
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Cunningham, Una, and Jeanette King. "Greening the information desert." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 42, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.17055.cun.
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Abstract Parents and prospective parents who speak a language other than English in New Zealand are in something of an information desert when it comes to how and why they might go about raising their children bilingually. While the official languages, Te Reo Māori and New Zealand Sign Language, have special status among the languages of New Zealand, other languages are viewed very much as the responsibility of ethnolinguistic communities. To support the intergenerational transmission of minority languages in New Zealand, research-informed material has been created for dissemination in a website, an associated Facebook page and a series of lecture-workshops for parents and professionals which have been made available in digital form in this website. Workshops continue to be offered to professionals such as speech-language therapists, early childhood educators, midwives, doctors, and nurses who work with families with young children. Questions asked during these workshops help to select the myths about multilingualism we need to address in this outreach to irrigate and green the information desert. Already, a bilingual French class and a Swedish playgroup have been set up as direct results of the parents’ workshop events. Individual parents have reported feeling empowered to persevere in their efforts to raise their children as speakers of their language. Invitations to contribute to education programs for the professionals who work close to young children are beginning to arrive.
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Siwi, Purwanto, and Susi Ekalestari. "DIATHESIS IN SILADANG LANGUAGE." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 5, no. 1 (June 27, 2021): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v5i1.3843.
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This paper is to reveal diathesis in Siladang language. Diathesis is a grammatical category that shows the relationship between the participant or subject and the action stated by the verb in the clause. In general, the languages of the world have an active-passive diathesis strategy. This research applies the theory of diathesis proposed by Lyon and adopts descriptive qualitative method in which comparative and inductive treatments are made to the collected data through phenomenological approach. The data (Siladang language) are collected from 2223 informants (native speakers of Siladang language) who live in Sipaga-paga Village and 2006 informants who live in Aek Banir Village. Then, the data are classified based on the language features in universal language empirically. This research shows that Sialdang language has an active-passive diathesis which is one of the important characteristics in an accusative typological language. Apart from having an active-passive diathesis, Siladang language also has a medial diathesis.
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Knowles, Mark. "LANGUAGE CONTACT, LANGUAGE CONFLICT.Martin Pütz (Ed.). Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1994. Pp. xv + 254. $59.00 cloth." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 19, no. 1 (March 1997): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263197281076.
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Language Contact, Language Conflict treats the increasingly common phenomenon of language contact and the subsequent cultural influences that contact can entail. The collection of papers is the result of a symposium held in Duisburg in March 1992 and is divided into two sections: (a) theoretical linguistic issues and (b) case studies from throughout the world. In the foreword, Hymes admits his skepticism toward the search for universals in linguistics, cognition, and human nature when “so much of anger as of joy is in the details” and, therefore, to preserve humanity, “the complex, emergent configurations of particular languages and ways of life are what need to be understood and shared” (foreword, no page number).
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Costa, Expedito Wellington Chaves, and Maria João Marçalo. "CULTUREMAS DA GASTRONOMIA CEARENSE: MARCAS DE IDENTIDADE LINGUÍSTICA E CULTURAL | CULTUREMS OF CEARENSE GASTRONOMY: LANGUAGES OF LANGUAGE AND CULTURAL IDENTITY." Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, no. 63 (October 3, 2019): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ell.v0i63.33768.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Resumo: </span><span>Atualmente a língua é uma instituição social diversificada entre grupos e varia ao longo do tempo, sofrendo mudanças ou conservando características de períodos históricos. Deseja-se demonstrar que os culturemas da gastronomia cearense contribuem para a formação da identidade linguística e cutural do povo do Ceará. Para fundamentação, recorre-se, entre outros, a Pamies Bertrán (2012), Biderman (1978), e Luque Nadal (2009). Aqui, a gastronomia é inserida no âmbito da cultura imaterial por representar a tradição histórica e cultural de um povo. Metodologicamente, catalogam-se culturemas da gastronomia cearesense que se desdobram em expressões idiomáticas características do dialeto cearense. Resultados comprovam a influência dos culturemas na identidade linguística do cearense. </span></p><div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Abstract: </span><span>Today language is a social institution diversified between groups and varies over time, undergoing changes or retaining characteristics of historical periods. It is desired to demonstrate that the Ceará gastronomic culturemas contribute to the formation of the linguistic and cutural identity of the people of Ceará. For reasons of support, we refer to, among others, Pamies Bertrán (2012), Biderman (1978), and Luque Nadal (2009). Here, gastronomy is inserted in the scope of intangible culture because it represents the historical and cultural tradition of a people. Methodologically, we catalog the cul- tures of the Cearense gastronomy that unfold in idiomatic expressions characteristic of the Ceará dialect. Results prove the influence of culturemas on the linguistic identity of Ceará. </span></p><p><span>Keywords: </span><span>Culturemas; Gastronomy; Identity; Dialect. </span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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Pérez-Sabater, Carmen, and Ginette Maguelouk-Moffo. "Online Multilingualism in African Written Conversations." Studies in African Linguistics 49, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v49i1.122272.
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The objective of this research is to analyse current written practices within the global South. Specifically, we examine language mixing phenomena in written online texts publicly displayed on the official Facebook page of one of the two most important football players in the history of Cameroon, Samuel Eto’o. By means of a quantitative and languaging analysis proposed by Androutsopoulos (2014), we see that indigenous Cameroonian languages are now being written in public spaces. Instances of lexical items in these languages are sometimes inserted in Facebook comments to establish local/national identity, to emphasise the fact that the player is a Cameroonian. However, Cameroonian national identity still is usually constructed through the exclusive use of English and French. Interestingly, the study shows that code-switching (CS) to a particular language may function as a distancing technique, an impoliteness strategy towards the player.
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Berkovskyy, Andrii, Kostiantyn Voskoboinik, and Marcin Badurowicz. "Comparison of the compilation speed of the SCSS and LESS preprocessors." Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 20 (September 30, 2021): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.2692.
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This article compares the compilation speed of the SCSS and LESS preprocessor codes. Each preprocessor has its own syntax, which is transpiled into the CSS stylesheet language in the further development of the web page. These technologies serve the same purpose - to simplify and speed up the writing of page views, but are based on different programming languages - Ruby (SCSS) and JavaScript (LESS). For the purposes of the research, a test application was created, a series of tests was carried out on various sets of codes, the results were collected, which allowed to identify a preprocessor with a faster compilation speed, which turned out to be the LESS preprocessor.
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Zhang, Bingjing. "Graphic Language Representation in Visual Communication Design Based on Two-Way Long- and Short-Memory Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (June 2, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6032255.
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With the popularity of neural network research, the application based on neural network model is gradually applied to all aspects of people’s life. Neural network model can not only solve the algebraic problems that traditional machine learning can solve but also recognize and analyze graphics through self-learning. For example, face recognition, web page recognition, product packaging design, and application are inseparable from the dissemination of graphic language. When these processes are realized through computer language, it is necessary to accurately identify these graphic languages. However, traditional machine language learning has poor performance in graphic language learning, which further leads to the application to achieve the purpose of the original visual communication design. Therefore, based on the neural network algorithm, this paper improves a new neural network model—two-way long- and short-memory model to make the computer recognize the graphic language more accurate and further explores the graphic language representation in the visual communication design based on the two-way long- and short-memory model.
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Orduña-Malea, Enrique, Jose Luis Ortega, and Isidro F. Aguillo. "Influence of language and file type on the web visibility of top European universities." Aslib Journal of Information Management 66, no. 1 (January 14, 2014): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajim-02-2013-0018.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to detect whether both file type (a set of rich and web files) and language (English, Spanish, German, French and Italian) influence the web visibility of European universities. Design/methodology/approach – A webometrics analysis of the top 200 European universities (as ranked in the Ranking web of World Universities) was carried out by a manual query for each official URL identified by using the Google search engine (April 2012). A correlation analysis between visibility and file format page count is offered according to language. Finally, a prediction of visibility is shown by using the SMOreg function. Findings – The results indicate that Spanish and English are the languages that correlate most highly with web visibility. This correlation becomes greater – though moderate – when considering only PDF files. Research limitations/implications – The results are limited due to the low correlation between overall page count and visibility. The lack of an accurate search engine that would assist in link counting procedures makes this process difficult. Originality/value – An observed increase in correlation – although moderate – while analysing PDF files (in English and Spanish) is considered to be meaningful. This may indirectly confirm that specific file formats and languages generate different web visibility behaviour on European university web sites.
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Rachmawati, Aliffia, and Ismatul Khasanah. "Pengaruh Bunyi Bahasa Jepang Terhadap Penulisan Kata – Kata Berbahasa Indonesia Oleh Penutur Bahasa Jepang." Chi'e: Journal of Japanese Learning and Teaching 10, no. 1 (March 27, 2022): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/chie.v10i1.52891.
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The form of a language can change over time given its dynamic nature; broadly speaking, that is the discussion in the field of sociolinguistics. Mastery of more than one language causes deviations, one of which is when expressing words from certain languages by inserting sounds from other languages. This phenomenon is called phonological interference. This study takes data from Japanese speakers who speak Indonesian on the YouTube page. This study aims to analyze forms and describe the factors that cause phonological interference when speaking Indonesian. This research uses the descriptive qualitative analysis method. After going through the analysis process, it was found that the forms of phonological interference that occur include: addition, subtraction, letter replacement, and diphthongs. Based on the analysis of the forms of phonological interference that occur, it can be seen that the causal factors are differences in nasal sounds between Indonesian and Japanese, the use of open syllables, differences in writing methods, the absence of certain fellowship patterns, the duration of studying Indonesian and the presence of factors other than linguistics. So it can be said that the first language of a person greatly affects the pronunciation of the individual's second language.
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SELAMAT, ALI, IMAM MUCH IBNU SUBROTO, and CHOON-CHING NG. "ARABIC SCRIPT WEB PAGE LANGUAGE IDENTIFICATION USING HYBRID-KNN METHOD." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 08, no. 03 (September 2009): 315–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s146902680900262x.
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In this paper, we proposed hybrid-KNN methods on the Arabic script web page language identification. One of the crucial tasks in the text-based language identification that utilizes the same script is how to produce reliable features and how to deal with the huge number of languages in the world. Specifically, it has involved the issue of feature representation, feature selection, identification performance, retrieval performance, and noise tolerance performance. Therefore, there are a number of methods that have been evaluated in this work; k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), backpropagation neural networks (BPNN), hybrid KNN-SVM, and KNN-BPNN, in order to justify the capability of the state-of-the-art methods. KNN is prominent in data clustering or data filtering, SVM and BPNN are well known in supervised classification, and we have proposed hybrid-KNN for noise removal on web page language identification. We have used the standard measurements which are accuracy, precision, recall and F1 measurements to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid-KNN. From the experiment, we have observed that BPNN is able to produce precise identification if the data set given is clean. However, when increasing the level of noise in the training data, KNN-SVM performs better than KNN-BPNN against the misclassification data, even on the level of 50% noise. Therefore, it is proven that KNN-SVM produce promising identification performance, in which KNN is able to reduce the noise in the data set and SVM is reliable in the language identification.
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Nigmatzyanova, Yulia, Nailya Valeeva, Alla Guslyakova, and Natalia Merkushina. "A case study of evaluation and introduction of ‘An Ecomodernist Manifesto’ by John Asafu-Adjaye et al. in ESP classes." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 5, no. 5 (September 13, 2018): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v5i5.3674.
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The paper presents the experience of the Department of Foreign Languages, Ecological Faculty, RUDN University, in teaching English for specific purposes (ESP). A case study of the introduction of ‘An Ecomodernist Manifesto’ in ESP classes is discussed in the article. ‘An Ecomodernist Manifesto’ is a 25-page essay written by 18 environmental scientists, activists and scholars. The present study is an attempt to consider the value of the manifesto for teaching English to upper-intermediate and advanced students of environmental studies faculties. It is found that the manifesto can serve this purpose in terms of its content and language. Implementation of the manifesto in ESP courses has positive aspects as well as challenges outlined in the conclusion. Taking into account the obtained results, the manifesto can be recommended for students with upper-intermediate and advanced levels of language proficiency. This study might be interesting for teachers of foreign languages and contribute to the field of didactics.Keywords: Teaching and studying foreign languages, English for specific purposes (ESP), teaching material, case study.
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Tarasov, Dmitry. "Language Attribution of an Unmarked Text Corpus." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 15 (January 7, 2021): 754–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23203.2020.15.76.
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Unmarked text corps will increasingly appear with the growth of information on the web. Automated analysis of Big Data in search engines, scientific and commercial applications requires detailed information about the object under study. In the case of text bodies, information on the language of the documents is extremely important. Working with the scanned texts the situation is even more complicated. In this paper, the idea of using the fractal-inspired irregularity to attribute the language of the text is being further developed. A methodology for the attribution is proposed and an experiment based on 10 European languages is conducted. The proposed approach has shown its effectiveness and promise. A selection of approximately 4000 characters (1 page of text) allows you to uniquely attribute the language of the text.
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Karimah, Fijanatul, and Anita Chandra Dewi. "Analisis Perkembangan Bahasa Melalui Bercerita Jurnal Pagi Dan Story Telling Pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun." PAUDIA : Jurnal Penelitian dalam Bidang Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 10, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/paudia.v10i2.9239.
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AbstractThe This research was conducted on the basis of improving the development of language aspects in early childhood group A TK Muslimat NU Masyithoh 19 “Anniza” Jenggof Pekalongan through storytelling with daily morning journals and story telling. This research is a qualitative research with data collection techniques sourced from observations, interviews , documentation The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze language development through storytelling with daily morning journals and story telling in early childhood.The results of the study concluded that the strategy in developing children's language skills had been carried out as a whole in accordance with the stages of learning through habituation. What I do in class, In addition, language development and Friday morning activities or story telling are interrelated in the development of abilities in aspects of early childhood development, especially in children's language development. The language skills of group A children aged 4-5 years include: 1) giving orders in taking morning journals and drawing according to the children's ideas and feelings. 2) tell and imitate the writing of the picture according to what has been told. 3) take a story telling story book which contains pictures of children's activities both inside and outside the home followed by telling what they did to their peers. Kumci's words: language skills, morning daily journals, early childhoodKeywords: Languange skill, Morning diary, Story Telling AbstrakAbstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan atas dasar untuk meningkatkan perkembangan aspek bahasa pada anak usia dini kelompok A TK Muslimat NU Masyithoh 19 “Annisa” Jenggot Pekalongan melalui bercerita dengan jurnal harian pagi dan story telling. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data bersumber dari observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis perkembangan bahasa melalui bercerita dengan jurnal harian pagi dan story telling pada anak usia dini. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa strategi dalam mengembangkan kemampuan bahasa anak telah dilakukan secara keseluruhan sesuai dengan tahapan-tahapan pembelajaran melalui pembiasaan-pembiasaan yang dilakukan dikelas. Selain itu perkembangan bahasa dan kegiatan jurnal pagi atau story telling saling berkaitan dalam perkembangan kemampuan aspek perkembangan anak usia dini khususnya dalam perkembangan bahasa anak. Berikut ini tahapan-tahapan pembiasaan yang mendukung kemampuan bahasa anak kelompok A usia 4-5 tahun meliputi : 1) pemberian perintah dalam mengambil jurnal pagi dan menggambar sesuai dengan ide dan perasaan anak. 2) menceritakan dan meniru tulisan gambar sesuai dengan apa yang sudah diceritakannya. 3) mengambil buku cerita story telling yang berisi gambar-gambar kegiatan anak baik didalam maupun diluar rumah yang dilanjutkan dengan menceritakan apa yang dilakukannya kepada teman sebaya.Kata kunci: Kemampuan bahasa, Jurnal harian pagi, Story telling
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Pauwels, Anne. "Corinne A. Seals and Sheena Shah (eds.) 2018. Heritage language policies around the world." Language Problems and Language Planning 43, no. 3 (December 3, 2019): 348–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00051.pau.
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Sel, İlhami, and Davut Hanbay. "Fully Attentional Network for Low-Resource Academic Machine Translation and Post Editing." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 11456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211456.
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English is accepted as an academic language in the world. This necessitates the use of English in their academic studies for speakers of other languages. Even when these researchers are competent in the use of the English language, some mistakes may occur while writing an academic article. To solve this problem, academicians tend to use automatic translation programs or get assistance from people with an advanced level of English. This study offers an expert system to enable assistance to the researchers throughout their academic article writing process. In this study, Turkish which is considered among low-resource languages is used as the source language. The proposed model combines the transformer encoder-decoder architecture model with the pre-trained Sci-BERT language model via the shallow fusion method. The model uses a Fully Attentional Network Layer instead of a Feed-Forward Network Layer in the known shallow fusion method. In this way, a higher success rate could be achieved by increasing the attention at the word level. Different metrics were used to evaluate the created model. The model created as a result of the experiments reached 45.1 BLEU and 73.2 METEOR scores. In addition, the proposed model achieved 20.12 and 20.56 scores, respectively, with the zero-shot translation method in the World Machine Translation (2017–2018) test datasets. The proposed method could inspire other low-resource languages to include the language model in the translation system. In this study, a corpus composed entirely of academic sentences is also introduced to be used in the translation system. The corpus consists of 1.2 million parallel sentences. The proposed model and corpus are made available to researchers on our GitHub page.
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Pauwels, Paul. "Gudmestad, Aarnes and Amanda Edmonds, eds. 2018. Critical Reflections on Data in Second Language Acquisition." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 171, no. 1 (June 21, 2019): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.19002.pau.
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Eisenberg, L. "Janasozdik: codifying an inclusive Kazakh slang." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. HISTORICAL SCIENCES. PHILOSOPHY. RELIGION Series 136, no. 3 (2021): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2021-136-3-147-159.
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This article performs an interdisciplinary analysis of the contemporary issues of the Kazakh language, a Turkic language whose history extends to the ancient Turkic era. There are many factors affecting language development, among them socio-cultural, political, and economic ones. Today, however, social networks are of great importance as a medium of communication – as well as, of course, of language development and change. This paper seeks to illuminate the greater significance of the janasozdik Instagram page in its quest to both codify and create a body of Kazakh slang that reflects the bilingual reality of most of the country’s citizens. Rather than casting blame on those who mix Russian and Kazakh (and perhaps English) within a single Kazakh utterance, janasozdik encourages its followers – who are also its primary contributors – to do so. In this way, the page challenges notions of Kazakh linguistic purity and encourages greater participation in processes of Kazakhization, which have historically marginalized Russophones. Notably, I introduce the concepts of translanguaging and heteroglossia at the end of the article in order to posit that janasozdik occupies an important space in a bilingual country, i.e. providing vocabulary that its citizens do not yet have, but need both of the languages present in their daily lives to describe. In this work, I will take a decidedly multidisciplinary approach to my analysis of janasozdik: rather than examining it as a purely sociological or linguistic phenomenon, I will place the Instagram page in the context of Kazakhstan’s political situation, linguo-historical development, and uniquely Kazakh cultural context. Hopefully, this diverse analysis will shed greater light than a traditional single-subject analysis, allowing for a more nuanced discussion of janasozdik’s influence on Kazakhstan, Kazakhs, and Kazakh-speaking society.
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Arora, Karunesh Kumar, and Shyam Sunder Agrawal. "Efficient Use of Resources for Statistical Machine Translation." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 37, no. 5 (October 23, 2017): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.37.11420.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Machine translation has great potential to expand the audience for ever increasing digital collections. Success of data driven machine translation systems is governed by the volume of parallel data on which these systems are being modelled. The languages which do not have such resources in huge quantity, the optimum utilisation of them can only be assured through their quality. Morphologically rich language like Hindi poses further challenge, due to </span><span>having more number of orthographic inflections for a given word and presence of non-standard word spellings in </span><span>the corpus. This increases the chances of getting more number of words which are unseen in the training corpus. In this paper, the objective is to reduce redundancy of available corpus and utilise the other resources as well, to make best use of resources. Reduction in number of words unseen to the translation model is achieved through text noise removal, spell normalisation and utilising English WordNet (EWN). The test case presented here is for English-Hindi language pair. The results achieved are promising and set example for other morphological rich languages to optimise the resources to improve the performance of the translation system. </span></p></div></div></div>
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Arora, Karunesh Kumar, and Shyam Sunder Agrawal. "Efficient Use of Resources for Statistical Machine Translation." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 37, no. 5 (October 23, 2017): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.37.5.11420.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Machine translation has great potential to expand the audience for ever increasing digital collections. Success of data driven machine translation systems is governed by the volume of parallel data on which these systems are being modelled. The languages which do not have such resources in huge quantity, the optimum utilisation of them can only be assured through their quality. Morphologically rich language like Hindi poses further challenge, due to </span><span>having more number of orthographic inflections for a given word and presence of non-standard word spellings in </span><span>the corpus. This increases the chances of getting more number of words which are unseen in the training corpus. In this paper, the objective is to reduce redundancy of available corpus and utilise the other resources as well, to make best use of resources. Reduction in number of words unseen to the translation model is achieved through text noise removal, spell normalisation and utilising English WordNet (EWN). The test case presented here is for English-Hindi language pair. The results achieved are promising and set example for other morphological rich languages to optimise the resources to improve the performance of the translation system. </span></p></div></div></div>
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Pratama, Mohammad Rizki Fadhil. "Comparison of language used for journal names indexed in SINTA ranked 1 and 2." Publishing Letters 1, no. 2 (July 4, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.48078/publetters.v1i2.13.
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For new journals, choosing the right name is very important. Apart from attracting the interest of authors and readers, the journal's name also determines the accreditation and indexation process. In addition to using names in national and international languages, the use of a combination of more than one type of language is also commonly used as journal names. This short communication aims to describe the names of journals in Indonesia indexed by Science and Technology Index (SINTA) at rank 1 and 2 regarding the language used. The method used is identifying journal names one by one on the SINTA journal page https://sinta.ristekbrin.go.id/journals at rank 1 and 2, followed by identification of the language used as the journal name. The results obtained show that journals at SINTA 1 rank the most used English names with 74.39%, while in SINTA rank 2, the most use Indonesian names with 57.19%.
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Hilden, Barbara L. "On and off the page: the 'male as norm' ideology of English and German." COMPASS 1, no. 1 (April 29, 2011): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/comp33.
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This paper examines the linguistic representation of male and female. Comparing German and English, this paper argues that, despite the grammatically gendered nature of German, both languages equally privilege the male element at the expense of the female. Referencing a variety of studies, this paper explores the use—in both languages—of the “generic he,” investigating how this custom is perceived by listeners; it examines marked terms, particularly the apparent need to mark female appearance in male-dominated professional spheres; it considers female visibility in language and the differing approaches taken by both English and German; and it explores feminine derivation and the semantic sexualization/degradation of the female form to male counterparts. Derivation from masculine norms as well as lexical and connotative gender are briefl y discussed. Finally, the paper looks at each language’s strategies for correction.
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REBUSCHAT, PATRICK, and JOHN N. WILLIAMS. "Implicit and explicit knowledge in second language acquisition—CORRIGENDUM." Applied Psycholinguistics 33, no. 4 (September 24, 2012): 857–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716412000306.
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There was an error in German Example (3b) on page 836 and an incorrect reference citation on page 853, both of which are reprinted herein. We regret these errors and any problems they may have caused.
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DeCoursey, C. "How Teachers Adapt Nine Kinds of Literary Language for Second-Language Learners." English Language Teaching 16, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v16n3p49.
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English literature is taught around the world. Most teachers of English in China are non-native English users. Most adapt literary texts for their second-language classrooms. Little research explores their processes of modifying texts. This study analysed data from 202 in-service and intending teachers, over four years. Teachers were asked first to adapt Jebb’s translation of Antigone, and then to adapt a second play text, either a Shakespeare or a 20th century play. The time taken to adapt Antigone was assessed, yielding a time estimate for adapting a full-length play text, as well as per page of literary language. Likert-scale survey data was taken for 9 different kinds of difficult language found in literary texts. Results indicated that NNESTs require about 40 minutes per page when adapting modern literary language. The find retaining poetic qualities while reducing text length, that is, moving between lexicogrammatical and discourse levels of the text, the greatest challenge in adapting literary language. They find texts with contemporary lexis and grammar are easier, where classical and historical references, subplots and details are difficult to handle. They find the task satisfying, pleasurable and interesting.
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HAGE, JURRIAAN. "Bookreview JFP: Domain-Specific Languages by Martin Fowler The Addison Wesley Signature Series." Journal of Functional Programming 22, no. 3 (May 2012): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796812000123.
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My main reason for wanting to read this book was to find out what a well-known publicist from the world of OO would have to say about the state of the art of domain specific languages (DSLs), in particular when it comes to type error feedback, functional programming, and the combination. As most readers will be aware, languages like Scheme and Haskell are very well suited to embed DSLs in: Scheme can be considered a core language to which new language facilities can be easily added by means of hygienic syntax macro's (Abelson et al. 1998), and there are so many papers on embedded DSLs in Haskell (Hudak, 1998), that any realistic selection would aggravate more people than I would please. Great was my disappointment when I read on page XXV that these topics were not discussed at all in the book. Although I can imagine that Fowler does not feel comfortable writing about subjects he is not sufficiently at home with, the question does arise whether the title of this book is sufficiently covered by its contents.
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Baykan, Eda, Monika Henzinger, and Ingmar Weber. "Web page language identification based on URLs." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 1, no. 1 (August 2008): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/1453856.1453880.
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Oltean-Cîmpean, Alina. "Attitudes Towards Romglish in Online Discourse." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 67, no. 4 (December 20, 2022): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2022.4.10.
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"Attitudes towards Romglish in Online Discourse. As English has become a global language, it has also become the language of computer-mediated communication. The online medium has offered the ideal space for English to enter in contact with multiple other languages and, as a result, to contribute to the formation of new varieties. In Romania, this new variety is Romgleză or Romglish, a combination of Romanian and English that is used especially by, but not limited to the younger generations. However, language change does not come easy and, although it has been around for quite a while, Romglish is still considered as improper by some. The present paper analyses two sets of online comments in order to identify attitudes towards Romglish and the language ideologies behind them. To this end, monoglossic ideologies, such as the standard language ideology (Milroy 2001) and the purist ideology (Langer & Davies 2005) will be taken as references when analysing the online comments. The data focuses mainly on two online sources: the Știrile Kanal D Facebook page and an Elforum thread, and it shows that rather than singular and static, language ideologies are multiple and rather fluid, with many online users displaying both monoglossic and heteroglossic ideologies. Keywords: language ideologies, heteroglossic ideologies, monoglossic ideologies, attitudes, Romglish, online discourse "
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Sinkeviciute, Valeria. "“Hey BCC this is Australia and we speak and read English:” Monolingualism and othering in relation to linguistic diversity." Intercultural Pragmatics 17, no. 5 (November 26, 2020): 577–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2020-5003.
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AbstractThis paper explores how linguistic diversity gave rise to a multi-party interaction with strong elements of monolingualism and othering. The data analyzed comes from the official Facebook page of Brisbane City Council that very rarely creates posts in languages other than English. One of such rare posts in Korean attracted a number of negative comments in relation to the language used. This paper examines how the discourses of monolingualism and othering are constructed in those comments. The findings of this qualitative study show that, in the analyzed data, monolingualism is primarily indexed through the following discourses: “English only”, English as the language of Australia, English as a national identity and monolingual beliefs, in general. Othering includes such practices as predominantly engaging in the “us vs them” discourse, positioning the non-dominant language and its speakers as the different ‘other’, ascribing negative identity and using impoliteness practices, such as challenges, warnings or accusations.
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Roberts, Alexandre. "Islamicate alchemy in Greek letters on the first page of Marcianus graecus 299." Byzantinische Zeitschrift 115, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bz-2022-0012.
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Abstract The famous middle Byzantine alchemical manuscript Marcianus graecus 299 contains annotations from the late Byzantine period, most prominently in its opening quire. This article examines a text on the very first page of the manuscript, a text written in a late Byzantine Greek script, but in a language other than Greek. A number of words in this undeciphered text can be correlated with Arabic technical vocabulary that would also have been used in other Islamicate languages such as Persian and Ottoman Turkish. Certain features such as accentuation on the final syllables of words make Turkish or Persian the most likely candidates.
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Araújo, Angélica Almeida de. "SOBRE UMA TEORIA GERAL DA EVOLUÇÃO DE LÍNGUAS:." Belas Infiéis 5, no. 2 (December 2, 2016): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/belasinfieis.v5.n2.2016.11391.
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O livro Acts of Indentity: Creole-based approaches to language and ethnicity (1985) de Le Page e Tabouret-Keller é o resultado de 30 anos de pesquisa sobre o comportamento linguístico de pessoas e suas crenças no tocante à língua e à identidade. O quinto capítulo do livro (Towards a general theory of the evolution of languages), tem o foco na teoria da evolução de línguas. Nele, os autores consideram como o comportamento idiossincrático de um certo indivíduo reflete uma postura com relação a grupos, causas e tradições. A pesquisa de Le Page e Tabouret-Keller foi conduzida em diferentes comunidades linguísticas a fim de responder a dois principais questionamentos: i) de que forma os indivíduos estudados na pesquisa podem ser considerados membros de comunidades linguísticas? E, ii) como seu comportamento linguístico pode ser descrito como uma propriedade de suas comunidades?
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Oz, Furkan, and Kursat Kara. "A CFD Tutorial in Julia: Introduction to Laminar Boundary-Layer Theory." Fluids 6, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6060207.
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Numerical simulations of laminar boundary-layer equations are used to investigate the origins of skin-friction drag, flow separation, and aerodynamic heating concepts in advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level fluid dynamics/aerodynamics courses. A boundary-layer is a thin layer of fluid near a solid surface, and viscous effects dominate it. Students must understand the modeling of flow physics and implement numerical methods to conduct successful simulations. Writing computer codes to solve equations numerically is a critical part of the simulation process. Julia is a new programming language that is designed to combine performance and productivity. It is dynamic and fast. However, it is crucial to understand the capabilities of a new programming language before attempting to use it in a new project. In this paper, fundamental flow problems such as Blasius, Hiemenz, Homann, and Falkner-Skan flow equations are derived from scratch and numerically solved using the Julia language. We used the finite difference scheme to discretize the governing equations, employed the Thomas algorithm to solve the resulting linear system, and compared the results with the published data. In addition, we released the Julia codes in GitHub to shorten the learning curve for new users and discussed the advantages of Julia over other programming languages. We found that the Julia language has significant advantages in productivity over other coding languages. Interested readers may access the Julia codes on our GitHub page.
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Thornton, Pip. "Language Redux." A Peer-Reviewed Journal About 7, no. 1 (July 6, 2018): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aprja.v7i1.115056.
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How much are words worth in a digitally networked society? How has the language we use to communicate and express ourselves become infused – and indeed compromised – by the pervasive and invasive neoliberal market logics of proprietary tech companies such as Google? It might seem like an obvious received wisdom to say that the value of language is subjective; irreducible to – and unconstrainable by – financial quantification, and that language is not fixed – in meaning or aesthetic value – but rather it is fluid, liquid, limitlessly deferable. But these are assumptions that do not take into account the forces and logics of ‘linguistic capitalism’, whereby words are given an economic value, and auctioned to advertisers through Google’s AdWords platform as tools with which to claim and colonise the prime locations on a search results page. This contribution presents an artistic intervention as a response to the commodification of language and a critique of linguistic capitalism.
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Labbate, Ettore. "Quad-Ratures: Visions graphiques dans la poésie de Gabriele Frasca." Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd'hui 23, no. 1 (August 1, 2012): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757405-023001012.
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Graphic visions in the poetry of Gabriele Frasca. The writing of Gabriele Frasca, critic and translator of Samuel Beckett in Italy, can be considered Beckettian in its approach, for it is a plastic approach where page and image, canvas and model try to coincide, or, at least, to reach one another ceaselessly. Following a literary and pictorial tradition dear to Beckett, Frasca indeed tries to create 'squared circles' where combinatory logic, language exhaustion or bilingualism (in the Mallarmean sense of this word, as 'défaut des languages') prevail. In such an approach, the necessity of a graphic form wins over any nominalism.
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Saputra, Wahyu, A. Apriyanto, and Solmin Paembonan. "Sistem Informasi SMP Negeri 5 Walenrang Berbasis Web." Jurasik (Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi dan Teknik Informatika) 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/jurasik.v7i1.408.
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This study aims to create and implement a web-based information system for SMP Negeri 5 Walenrang. The type of research used in this study is Research And Development (R&D) with data collection techniques using observation methods, documentation methods, and interview methods. The web-based information system of SMP Negeri 5 Walenrang is designed using the UML (Unified Modeling Language) model which consists of use case diagrams, activity diagrams, sequence diagrams and class diagrams. The information system that is built is web-based using the PHP programming language and MySQL database. The results of this information system are login page, profile input page, news publication input page, agenda input page, activity schedule input page, news input page, student input page, lesson input page, input page, grades, lesson input page, input page schedule, home page, profile page, news publication view page, agenda page, gallery page, grade view page, schedule view page, teacher data page. This system has been tested using black box testing, where all tested displays are guilty as desired
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Wildan, Wildan, Denni Iskandar, Yusri Yusuf, Rahmad Nuthihar, and Raiyana Putri Kana. "The integration of Acehnese words in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia." Studies in English Language and Education 9, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 1239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i3.26086.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to investigate the integration of Acehnese words in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI, or Indonesia Dictionary). The contribution of Acehnese words enriches Indonesian vocabulary as the national language. This study followed the descriptive-analytical research method using observational and note-taking techniques. The data source was the online version of KBBI, available on the following web page: https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/. The data comprised the Acehnese vocabulary registered on KBBI and became part of the country's national language. The data analysis used Miles et al.’s (2014) models, consisting of condensation data, display data, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results showed that 134 Acehnese words are integrated into Indonesian. The contribution of the Acehnese language to Indonesian was relatively small compared to the contribution of other local languages. Of 134 Acehnese words, they comprise nouns (70.90%), verbs (21.64%), adjectives (6.72%), and adverbs (0.75%). It was also revealed that the Acehnese words that had been integrated successfully into Indonesian came from 24 areas of use. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Acehnese language has enriched the Indonesian vocabulary, and this integration is integral to interlanguage word borrowing. The present study’s findings contribute to the national language digitalization policy, particularly the digitalization of the Indonesian language dictionary, especially to achieve the quality level of the national language dictionary.