Dissertations / Theses: 'Pai language'

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Sousa, Maria do Rosário Abreu e. "Olhares viajantes: Pai João, Mãe Cecília." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2775.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T21:48:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Maria do Rosario Abreu e Sousa4.pdf: 600031 bytes, checksum: 132fde705eb59acb7a76fa8e4a8106e8 (MD5) Maria do Rosario Abreu e Sousa3.pdf: 1192137 bytes, checksum: 88b185f14e33556d17e2ca7cc78d65b0 (MD5) Maria do Rosario Abreu e Sousa2.pdf: 1444782 bytes, checksum: f8609591340badc5c86e9121280a4fb0 (MD5) Maria do Rosario Abreu e Sousa1.pdf: 2405508 bytes, checksum: 581b719239738bf7e8adf515399805e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-26 This work discusses the poetic language of five selected letters that Guimarães Rosa and Cecília Meireles wrote to their daughters, when they were child or teenagers, during the 1940 years. It reflects about the success of the publication of letters of famous writers. It presents concepts about epistolography, and its importance to the literary studies as well as discussions if letters are or are not literature. It quests the importance of these ten selected letters to the literary studies. It analyses the poetic language of the selected letters, and it concludes identifying the lack of studies about letters written to/by children Esta dissertação discute a linguagem poética de cinco cartas selecionadas que os escritores João Guimarães Rosa e Cecília Meireles escreveram para suas filhas nos anos 1940, quando estas eram crianças, ou entravam nos primeiros anos da adolescência. Reflete acerca do sucesso editorial da escrita de si . Apresenta conceitos sobre epistolografia e sua importância para os estudos literários, bem como discussões acerca do estatuto literário da carta. Questiona o peso dessas dez cartas selecionadas para os estudos literários, relacionando-as aos diferentes pontos de vista relatados anteriormente por diversos críticos e teóricos. Analisa a linguagem poética das dez cartas selecionadas relacionando-as à obra dos dois escritores. Conclui identificando lacunas na bibliografia sobre epistolografia, especialmente naquela endereçada ou produzida para crianças.

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Silva, Mariana Duccini Junqueira da. "Em nome do pai - articulações discursivas em matérias sobre parricídio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27152/tde-23072009-161920/.

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Esta pesquisa visa a apresentar as construções discursivas sobre crimes de parricídio em reportagens das revistas semanais brasileiras Veja, IstoÉ e Época, num período compreendido entre os anos de 1970 e 2002, totalizando 10 matérias analisadas. A partir dos referenciais teóricos propostos pelas Ciências da Linguagem, Teorias da Enunciação e Análise do Discurso de orientação francesa, buscou-se depreender como as referidas reportagens viabilizam determinados efeitos de sentido, respaldadas por uma vontade de verdade, na terminologia de Michel Foucault. Intentou-se, ainda, verificar de que forma a instância enunciadora mobiliza estratégias para construir sua identidade, em vista do princípio constitutivamente heterogêneo do discurso. As análises efetuadas denotam que, a despeito de as matérias terem sido veiculadas em momentos diversos, ao longo de 32 anos, têm em comum o fato de identificarem a mencionada predisposição de verdade ao lugar do pai, enquanto metáfora das injunções de que emana a própria organização da sociedade. This research aims to present the discursive constructions on crimes of parricide as they appeared in articles published by the Brazilians weekly magazines Veja, IstoÉ and Época, between 1970 e 2002. In all, 10 articles were analysed. Taking into account the theoretical background of the Sciences of Language, Enunciation and French Discourse Analysis, we attempted to infer how these articles undertake certain sense effects based on a will to truth, as referred by Michel Foucault. The analysis is also intended to examine the enunciative instances strategies in building its identity, in consideration of discourse heterogeneous characteristic. Despite of being published in different moments along 32 years, the articles are similar in basing that will to truth on the name of the father, as a metaphorical construction of the injunctions which organizes the society itself.

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Kotler, Carmia. "O uso da arte como instrumento ideológico na fundação de Israel: estudo sobre \'Nos Passos da Consumpção, espetáculo em sete atos sobre os dias de Ezequias, rei de Judá, e Acaz, seu pai\', de Eliezer Lipa Ioffê." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8152/tde-07112014-123522/.

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Esta tese trata da obra de Eliezer Lipa Ioffê Nos Passos da Consumpção, Espetáculo em sete atos sobre os dias de Ezequias, rei de Judá, e Acaz, seu pai, aqui traduzida para o português, e de outros textos escritos por ele, tendo como pano de fundo o renascimento da língua hebraica nos séculos XIX e XX. Trata também de elementos biográficos e do desenvolvimento do teatro na língua hebraica. A obra teatral de Ioffê impõe-se como forte crítica às ideias coletivistas, tidas como igualitárias, sintetizadas pelo kibuts, assim como a atitudes discutíveis dos políticos da época, com desdobramentos no presente. Como parte da tendência em Israel de publicações autobiográficas a respeito da vida no kibuts, este trabalho busca expor, num formato diferenciado, através da obra de Ioffê, a desconfiança acerca da aparente igualdade na vida comunitária do kibuts e ao mesmo tempo apresentar elementos sobre a opção de vida individualista oferecida pelo moshav ovdim, criado por Ioffê This thesis analyses the use of art as an ideological tool in the founding of Israel through the study on Eliezer Lipa Ioffe´s theater play \"In the Footsteps of Consumption, spectacle in seven acts on the days of Hezekiah king of Judah and Akhaz his father and some other texts written by him. This work sets light on the revival of the Hebrew language in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and also deals with biographical elements and the development of Hebrew Language Theater. Ioffe´s theatrical work translated here to Portuguese imposes itself as a strong criticism against collectivist ideas, wich are considered egalitarian, synthesized in the kibutz life, as well as against controversial political attitudes of the time, with repercussions in the present. As part of the Israeli current trend of autobiographical publications about kibutz life, this work seeks to expose in a different format, through the work of Ioffe, the mistrust about the apparent equality in the kibutz community life, and on the same time present an \"individualistic\" life option offered by Moshav Ovdim, created by Ioffe

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Bradley, Alan. "The child's language of pain." Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6622/.

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A series of experiments was conducted with children, aged between five and eleven years, which sought to determine the utility of using their verbal, and non-verbal, communications to measure the quality or intensity of the pain they are experiencing. Experiments which investigated children's ability to use language to communicate pain suggested that children are aged seven years, and older, before they discriminate between pain and non-pain words, or can show that these words share a similar meaning with an adult comparison group. When children aged between seven and ten years completed verbal pain questionnaires, the results showed that the seven year olds demonstrated only rudimentary discrimination between five acute painful situations. Discrimination improved with age, but the ten year olds were not as discriminating as an adult comparison group. Children aged five to ten years were asked to recall, and describe, all of their past painful experiences. Results show significant developmental trends in the following; the number of painful experiences that children can recall, the figurative use of language to describe the recalled pain, and the number of pain descriptions that children generate. An experiment investigated the reliability of non-verbal rating scales when completed by children aged between five and ten years. Results indicate that children below the age of seven failed to show satisfactory levels of reliability, and that the response strategies that they use may overestimate the degree of reliability they do show. Older children do show reliable responses using these scales. The final experiment looked for changes in children’s behaviour when they received either a drug or placebo, whilst undergoing a painful medical procedure. Results are not conclusive, but do suggest that the frequency and intensity of facial expressions, and vocalisations, decrease when an analgesic was administered. Overall, these studies show that children are, on average, seven years of age before we can use their own pain communications as reliable indicators of the quality and severity of the pain they experience.

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Fredericks, Izak Nicolaas Andreas. "The protection of languages and of language rights in the South African constitution." University of the Western cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5401.

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Doctor Legum - LLD The 1996 South African Constitution contains a number of provisions that deal specifically with the protection of languages and of rights relating to language. The most important of these is section 6 which recognises 11 languages as official languages. This recognition is in line with recent developments in international law where common standards in relation to the protection of minority languages are in the process of being developed. The recognition of multilingualism as well as its implementation is thus becoming an obligation resting on all states, including South Africa. International law shows that persons belonging to linguistic minorities are entitled not only to protection against discrimination based on the language they speak, that is, formal equality, but also to positive state action in order to ensure their substantive equality. International law furthermore prescribes that where protection is given to minority languages, the principle of proportionality must guide states, and that legislation needs to be sufficiently detailed in bringing about such protection. The present thesis has as its main aims the interpretation of the provisions of the 1996 Constitution, in accordance with the above-mentioned international standards and the evaluation of the extent to which South African has complied with its constitutional obligations. The thesis in addition makes proposals in relation to what needs to be done to comply with such obligations. This is done in respect of the three levels of government - national, provincial and local - as well as the three state branches - the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. In addition, the implementation of the constitutional requirements in the educational sector is analysed.The thesis shows that a number of steps have thus far been taken in the process of giving effect to the relevant provisions of the Constitution. This includes the adoption of language policies on the national, provincial and local levels, as well as the enactment of language legislation in some provinces. In many provinces as well as municipalities, little effort has however been made to comply with these constitutional obligations. On the national level, much likewise still remains to be done in this regard. The current South African Languages Bill (2011) only caters for the activities of the national government, and does so in a way which conflicts with international norms. The Bill does not deal with parliament or the courts, and much uncertainty remains about the way in which the Constitution is to be given effect to in relation to these state branches. In relation to education, the issue of single-medium schools has been controversial, but has now been resolved by the Constitutional Court. Commendable policies have furthermore been adopted to provide for mother-tongue education, but it appears that English is slowly becoming the dominant language in education, at the expense of mother-tongue instruction.

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Perry, Timothy. "Language rights, ethnic politics : a critique of the Pan South African Language Board." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5957.

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Urpeth, James Richard. "The language of pain : Heidegger, difference and distance." Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.352981.

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Roberts, Anna I. "Emerging language : cognition and gestural communication in wild and language trained chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3091.

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An important element in understanding the evolutionary origin of human language is to explore homologous traits in cognition and communication between primates and humans (Burling, 1993, Hewes, 1973). One proposed modality of language evolution is that of gestural communication, defined as communicative movements of hands without using or touching objects (de Waal, 2003). While homologies between primate calls and language have been relatively well explored, we still have a limited understanding of how cognitive abilities may have shaped the characteristics of primate gestures (Corballis, 2003). Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are our closest living relatives and display some complex cognitive skills in various aspects of their gestural behaviour in captivity (de Waal, 2003, Pollick and de Waal, 2007). However, it is not yet currently clear to what extent these abilities seen in captive apes are typical of chimpanzees in general and to what extent cognitive capacities observed in captive chimpanzees have been enhanced by the socio-cultural environment of captivity such as language training. In this Ph.D. research, I investigated the cognitive skills underlying gestural communication in both wild and language trained chimpanzees, with a special focus on the repertoire and the intentionality of production and comprehension. The study of cognitive skills underlying the production of the repertoire and the role of intentionality is important because these skills are cognitively demanding and are a prerequisite in human infants for their ability to acquire language (Baldwin, 1995, Olson, 1993). My research suggests that chimpanzee gestural communication is cognitively complex and may be homologous with the cognitive skills evident in pre-verbal infants on the cusp of language acquisition. Chimpanzees display a multifaceted and complex signal repertoire of manual gestures. These gestures are the prototypes, within which there is variation, and between which the boundaries are not clear-cut, but there is gradation apparent along several morphological components. Both wild and language trained chimpanzees communicate intentionally about their perceived desires and the actions that they want the recipients to undertake. They do not just express their emotions, but they communicate flexibly by adjusting their communicative tactics in response to the comprehension states of the recipient. Whilst chimpanzees communicate their intentions flexibly, the messages conveyed are specific. However, recipients comprehend gestures flexibly in light of the signaller’s overall intentions. Whilst wild and language trained chimpanzee gestural communication revealed similar cognitive characteristics, language trained chimpanzees outperformed wild apes in that they had ability to use signals which made distinctions that human deictic words can make. Whilst these differences between wild and language trained chimpanzees may be due to the different methodological approaches used, it is conceivable that language training may have influenced captive ape cognitive skills in the representational domain. These results from wild and language trained chimpanzees indicate that chimpanzees possess some form of cognitive skills necessary for language development and that cognitive skills underlying repertoire and use in chimpanzees are a shared capacity between humans, other apes and a common ancestor. These findings render theories of the gestural origins of language more plausible. Related publications: 1. Roberts, A. I., Vick, S.-J., Roberts, S. G. B., Buchanan-Smith, H. M. & Zuberbühler, K. 2012. A structure-based repertoire of manual gestures in wild chimpanzees: Statistical analyses of a graded communication system. Evolution and Human Behavior, Published online: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.05.006 2. Roberts, A. I., Vick, S.-J. & Buchanan-Smith, H. 2012. Usage and comprehension of manual gestures in wild chimpanzees. Animal Behaviour, Published online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.05.022

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Smith, Marion Valerie. "Language and pain : private experience, cultural significance, and linguistic relativity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335243.

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Heimbauer, Lisa A. "Perception of Synthetic Speech by a Language-Trained Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/57.

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Ability of human listeners to understand altered speech is argued as evidence of uniquely human processing abilities, but early auditory experience also may contribute to this capability. I tested the ability of Panzee, a language-trained chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), reared and spoken to from infancy by humans, to recognize synthesized words. Training and testing was conducted with different sets of English words in natural, “harmonics-only” (resynthesized using only voiced components), or “noise-vocoded” (based on amplitude-modulated noise bands) forms, with Panzee choosing from “lexigram” symbols that represented words. In Experiment 1 performance was equivalent with words in natural and harmonics-only form. In Experiment 2 performance with noise-vocoded words was significantly higher than chance but lower than with natural words. Results suggest specialized processing mechanisms are not necessary to speech perception in the absence of traditional acoustic cues, with the more important factor for speech-processing abilities being early immersion in a speech-rich environment.

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Sharon, Dan Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. "Run-time kernel for multi-activity systems using process activity language' (PAL)." Ottawa, 1991.

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Gil, Berrio Yohana. "PAIR INTERACTION IN SPANISH LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS THAT ENROLL HERITAGE AND L2 LEARNERS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/564163.

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Spanish Ph.D. A growing number of studies has shown that collaborative writing tasks facilitate second language (L2) development by providing learners with opportunities to focus their attention on language and to collaborate in the solution of their language-related problems (e.g., Choi & Iwashita, 2016; Storch, 2013; Swain & Lapkin, 1998; Williams, 2012). However, most of these studies have focused almost exclusively on L2 learners, and particularly on English as a second language learners. In an effort to address this gap and drawing from a sociocultural framework, this study investigated the interactions of Spanish heritage language (HL) learners and Spanish L2 learners enrolled in the same class. Twenty-four intermediate-level learners of Spanish, organized in four HL-HL, four HL-L2, and four L2-L2 dyads, participated in the study. As part of their regular class work, they completed four collaborative writing tasks in pairs. Participants were also asked to individually complete a pretest and two posttests. The tasks and tests were intended to elicit the present subjunctive in nominal and adjectival clauses. The interactions between each pair were recorded and coded for the nature of the relationships the learners formed (Storch, 2002) and the quantity and quality of learners’ deliberations about language choice, using Language Related Episodes (LREs) (Swain & Lapkin, 1998) as units of analysis. Results showed that the most common type of patterns of interaction the learners developed was collaboration. Moreover, three pairs displayed a dominant/passive pattern of interaction and two pairs an expert/novice pattern. Results also indicated that overall, participants produced slightly more LREs focused on form than LREs focused on lexis. Furthermore, results showed that whereas all pairs produced morphosyntactic LREs, they were more frequent in HL-L2 dyads. Lexical LREs occurred more often in L2-L2 dyads, and orthographic LREs occurred only in HL-HL dyads. With regards to learning gains, results revealed that six participants obtained high scores in all tests and did not show a score change from pretest to delayed posttest. Five of these participants were identified as HL learners. However, data also showed that 16 participants scored higher on their delayed posttest than they did on their pretest. Overall, considering that most dyads developed a collaborative pattern of interaction and achieved learning gains after task-based interaction, the data suggest that despite the differences in linguistic and cultural backgrounds, learners in mixed and matched pairs provided assistance to one another and produced LREs associated with the target structure. These findings have important pedagogical implications and thus, future studies need to investigate the best practices for teaching HL and L2 learners simultaneously and the types of tasks that encourage collaboration. Temple University--Theses

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Ulloa, Iván de Jesús Davis. "The –Ing construction in the language pair English/Spanish: radiality and subjectification." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6684.

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Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-19T13:01:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ivandejesusdavisulloa.pdf: 4109944 bytes, checksum: 8a0b82e567d54d97d2f83b8dab5844b7 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-19T13:12:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ivandejesusdavisulloa.pdf: 4109944 bytes, checksum: 8a0b82e567d54d97d2f83b8dab5844b7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-19T13:12:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ivandejesusdavisulloa.pdf: 4109944 bytes, checksum: 8a0b82e567d54d97d2f83b8dab5844b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 O objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar, descrever e analisar a construção –ING no par linguístico inglês/espanhol. A construção exibe uma série de usos na língua inglesa e ensiná-la ou traduzi-la para usuários de outras línguas impõe alguns desafios. No caso de falantes de língua espanhola como público alvo, a maioria tende a interpretar a construção como sendo verbal, no aspecto progressivo, o que representa apenas uma função da construção. No tocante ao referencial teórico, a pesquisa é baseada no trabalho de Langacker (1987, 1990, 1991, 2006, 2008) com o intuito de investigar o uso da construção. A Teoria dos Protótipos (ROSCH, 1973), as Categorias Radiais (BRUGMAN, 1981; LAKOFF, 1987), e a Gramática das Construções (FILLMORE & KAY, 1999; GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006), além da abordagem semântica sobre a construção –ING (WIERZBICKA, 1988), serão essenciais para a descrição da construção sob uma perspectiva conceptual. Com relação à metodologia, assume-se uma abordagem tanto quantitativa quanto qualitativa dos dados (COOK, T.D. & REICHARDT, C.S., 1979; RICHARDSON, R. J.,1985; CRESWELL, J., 2010), compilados a partir de um corpus bilíngue paralelo no par linguístico Inglês/Espanhol, de 1199 ocorrências da construção –ING. A hipótese central do estudo é que a construção, em sua função verbal progressiva, é mais central ou prototípica (ROSCH, 1973) em relação à sua rede construcional, envolvendo outras funções, quais sejam, nominal, adjetival e adverbial. Essas funções, por sua vez, assumem posições mais periféricas e se relacionam com a função verbal por meio de relações de extensão metafórica (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006). Argumenta-se, então, que essas relações estabelecem um continuum entre as funções, variando de um nível mais concreto, mais ancorado no contexto de fala a um nível mais abstrato, mais subjetificado (LANGACKER, 1990). Por meio de uma análise baseada em corpus (BERBER SARDINHA, 2002, 2004) argumenta-se, por fim, que existe uma organização radial (BRUGMAN, 1981; LAKOFF, 1987) para a construção –ING, que passa de um domínio mais concreto, mais situado ou “ancorado” no evento de fala e se torna, assim, mais objetificado (como “processo”) a um domínio mais abstrato, menos situado, menos ancorado no evento de fala e, portanto, mais subjetificado (como “coisa”) (LANGACKER, 2008). The aim of this dissertation is to identify, describe and analyze the –ING construction from the English language. The –ING construction has a number of uses in the English language and either teaching or translating it to speakers of other languages poses some challenges. In the case of having Spanish speakers as audience, most of them tend to interpret the construction as a verbal one, in the progressive aspect, which is only one function of the construction. As for the theoretical framework, we chiefly based our research on Langacker’s work (1987, 1990, 1991, 2008) in order to account for this construction. We also rely on Prototype Theory (ROSCH, 1973), Radial Categories (BRUGMAN, 1981; LAKOFF, 1987), and Construction Grammar (FILLMORE & KAY, 1999; GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006), apart from a semantic approach to the –ING construction (WIERZBICKA, 1988), which will be essential for describing the –ING construction from a conceptual perspective. In regard to methodology we take both a quantitative and qualitative approach to data (COOK, T.D. & REICHARDT, C.S., 1979; RICHARDSON, R.J., 1985; CRESWELL, J., 2010) compiled from an English/Spanish parallel corpus of 1199 verbal –ING occurrences. Our main hypothesis is that the –ING construction, in its verbal function, is more central or prototypical (ROSCH, 1973) in respect to its conceptual network and its other functions, namely nominal, adjectival and adverbial. These functions, in turn, exhibit a more peripheral role and are linked to the verbal function through metaphorical extension relationships (GOLDBERG, 1995, 2006). These relationships, we argue, establish a continuum between these functions, going from the most or more grounded level up to the most abstract, subjectified level. By performing a corpus-based analysis of the data (BERBER-SARDINHA, 2002, 2004) we finally argue that there is a radial organization (BRUGMAN, 1981; LAKOFF, 1987) for the –ING construction, which goes from a more concrete level, being this more situated or “grounded” (LANGACKER, 1987, 1990, 1991, 2008) and thus more objectified (as a “here and now process”), until it gets to a more abstract level, therefore, less situated and more subjectified (taken as a “thing”) (LANGACKER, 2008).

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Slater, Nigel G. "The language of acute pain assessment : a corpus-based critical discourse analysis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29253/.

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Title: The language of acute pain assessment: a corpus-based Critical Discourse Analysis approach Aim: Through use of real time interactions between healthcare workers and patients in an acute hospital setting this study sets out to investigate how health care workers help or hinder patients to express their pain during the pain assessment process. Background: Pain has long been an issue for investigation and there are a multitude of assessment options available. However, despite using an assessment framework, the ability of patients to use language to express pain has been shown to be more problematic than might be first considered. This study sets out to investigate how both patients and healthcare workers use language in this assessment process. Method: Real time data was recorded in an acute hospital in-patient setting. The use of corpus based critical discourse analysis enabled specific instances of word use and phrases related to pain experience to be identified and analysed. Findings: Two key areas were identified in the analysis of these interactions. The first area related to the traditional aspects of pain assessment relating to terminology used, location and function of pain. The second more important area related to how healthcare professionals presented a certain ‘mentality’ about the assessment process in how they appeared to be patient centred but through the use of brevity of interaction and trivialisation of the issues actually presented an opposite view. Conclusion: The primary conclusion is that although healthcare workers apply pain assessment processes, their use of language can show that they are both patient-centred and have their own motivations and agendas.

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Schifano, Norma. "Verb-movement : a pan-Romance investigation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709444.

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Satō, Tetsuya. "Learner interaction during pair communication activities in university Japanese as a foreign language classrooms /." view abstract or download file of text, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p1397798.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Oregon, 1999. Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-167). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p1397798.

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Malone, MaryLauren. "The Gestural Communication of Bonobos (Pan paniscus): Implications for the Evolution of Language." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1384850953.

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Fuller, Jessica. "Estamos en este pais: Motivations for English Language Acquisition among Adult Latino ESOL Students." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/551.

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Thesis advisor: Sarah Beckjord This thesis examines the motivations for English language acquisition among Latino immigrants currently residing in the United States. By interviewing 34 adult students enrolled in ESOL classes in the Boston area, the author attempts to determine whether their desire for language acquisition is motivated by integrative or instrumental factors. These results are analyzed in light of the current debate on the assimilation of Latino immigrants, ultimately concluding that this segment of the population is indeed desirous of integration into the mainstream U.S. society Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008 Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences Discipline: Romance Languages and Literature Discipline: College Honors Program

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Mika, Marie Beata. "Von "Pan" zu "Pan" : zur Geschichte der polnischen Anrede besonders im 18. Jahrhundert /." Frankfurt am Mein : P. Lang, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399960772.

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Talbot, Pierre. "Spacetime programming : a synchronous language for constraint search." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS416.

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La programmation par contraintes est un paradigme basé sur des relations mathématiques appelées contraintes. C'est une approche de programmation déclarative permettant de décrire de nombreux problèmes comme l’ordonnancement de tâches ou des problèmes de composition musicale. On contraste cette approche avec la programmation procédurale qui décrit comment un problème est résolu, tandis que la programmation par contraintes décrit quel est le problème. Dans ce dernier cas, la partie résolution de contraintes est laissé à un solveur de contraintes générique. Malheureusement, il n'existe pas d'algorithme efficace pour tout type de problème, et par conséquent le solveur doit souvent être configuré à la main. Même les langages par contraintes basés sur ces solveurs sont limités pour exprimer des stratégies d'exploration. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un langage de programmation permettant de programmer des stratégies d'exploration. Nous établissons d'abord une nouvelle formalisation dans la théorie des treillis des problèmes de contraintes. Ceci nous permet de comparer et définir précisément notre langage, appelé programmation spatio-temporelle, et basé sur la programmation synchrone. Ce paradigme ouvre de nouveaux horizons pour programmer des stratégies d'exploration dans les problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes mais aussi, plus généralement, les problèmes utilisant un mécanisme de retour sur traces (i.e. backtracking). On applique notamment ce paradigme à la composition musicale par contraintes, où le compositeur peut naviguer dans l'espace des solutions généré par un problème musical Constraint programming is a paradigm for computing with mathematical relations named constraints. It is a declarative approach to describe many real-world problems including scheduling, vehicles routing, biology and musical composition. Constraint programming must be contrasted with procedural approaches that describe how a problem is solved, whereas constraint models describe what the problem is. The part of how a constraint problem is solved is left to a general constraint solver. Unfortunately, there is no solving algorithm efficient enough to every problem, because the search strategy must often be customized per problem to attain reasonable efficiency. This is a daunting task that requires expertise and good understanding on the solver's intrinsics. Moreover, higher-level constraint-based languages provide limited support to specify search strategies. In this dissertation, we tackle this challenge by designing a programming language for specifying search strategies. It is constructed around two axes: (i) a novel theory of constraint programming based on lattice theory, and (ii) a programming language, called spacetime programming, building on lattice theory for its data structures and on synchronous programming for its computational model. This paradigm opens the door to new, more complex, search strategies in constraint programming but also in applications requiring backtracking search. We demonstrated its usefulness in an interactive computer-aided composition system where we designed a search strategy to help the composer navigating in the state space generated by a musical constraint problem

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De, Gonzalez Lucia. "Reflexive passives in Spanish according to arc pair grammar." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/421948.

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This paper proposes a diachronic and synchronic analysis of the extensive use of se in Spanish reflexive and passive constructions with se being discussed in relation to the Unaccusative Hypothesis in Arc Pair Grammar.Universals in Arc Pair Grammar, namely the Unaccusative Law, the 1-Advancement Exclusiveness Law and the Final 1-Arc Law will account for the similarities and differences, first between English and Spanish predicates; and second, between ordinary reflexive constructions and reflexive passive constructions.Evidence from Spanish, primarily synchronic, is presented to analyze reflexive constructions that come from an initial unaccusative stratum. A parallel between these constructions and reflexive passives is established to demonstrate that unaccusative predicates and reflexive passive constructions are very closely related.Diachronically the paper claims that there is a logical and clear evolution of se based on corefentiality, anaphoric chains, unspecified arguments, and self-erasing ghost arcs.Finally this paper attempts to explain why in some instances the predicate will not exhibit agreement with the corresponding nominal. The Chomeur relation and the introduction of ghost arcs according to Arc Pair Grammar Laws and Theorems will provide the basis for this explanation.

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Bartolone, Regina F. Antle Martine. "Re-thinking the Language of Pain in the Works of Marguerite Duras and Frida Kahlo." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,617.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English and Comparative Literature." Discipline: English; Comparative Literature; Department/School: English; Comparative Literature.

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Darghouth, Sarah. "Painful languages of the body : experiences of headache, pain and suffering in Peru." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78346.

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This study investigates understandings and experiences of headache in two regions of Peru: a semi-rural Quechua-speaking district of the Southern Peruvian highlands and a poor urban district of Lima. In particular, it explores the personal and collective meanings constructed around women's headache experiences. Both structured and open-ended interviews were administered to patients suffering headache to elicit interpretations of headache episodes. An analysis of the collected narratives suggests that headache is often comprehended in a polysemic framework, where shifting meanings ascribed in bodily, emotional, family and social terms articulate both individual and shared notions of suffering: loss of loved ones, inter-personal conflict, and tension associated to women's roles as homemakers are among the central themes evoked, and span through past, present and future domains. In particular, strains in family relationships, in dynamic interaction with larger contexts of social violence, play a prominent role in the configuration of headache, often experienced in conditions of solitude and isolation. Overall, this study underscores the significance of patients' subjective interpretations of painful experiences and emphasizes the manner through which bodily and emotional pain are inextricably linked to distress experienced at family and social levels.

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Storch, Neomy. "An investigation into the nature of pair work in an ESL /." Online version, 2001. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/32997.

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Le, Ngoc Luyen. "French language DRS parsing." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0202.

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Dans l’essor d’internet, les contenus générés par les utilisateurs à partir des services de réseaux sociaux deviennent une source géante d’informations qui peuvent être utile aux entreprises sur l’aspect où les utilisateurs sont considérés comme des clients ou des clients potentiels pour les entreprises. L’exploitation des textes générés par les utilisateurs peut aider à identifier leurs sentiments, leurs intentions, ou réduire l’effort des agents qui sont responsables de recueillir ou de recevoir des informations sur les services de réseaux sociaux. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, les contenues de textes tels que discours, énoncés, conversations issues de la communication interactive sur les plateformes de réseaux sociaux deviennent l’objet de données principales de notre étude. Nous approfondissons une analyse de structures et composants des phrases dans les textes sur la base de la Grammaire Catégoriel Combinatoire (GCC) et la théorie des représentations du discours. Nous proposons une méthode pour l’extraction d’un arbre de GCC à partir de l’arbre dépendante de la phrase, et une architecture générale pour construire un pont de relation entre les syntaxes et les sémantiques des phrases françaises. Par conséquent, notre étude obtient de la représentation de textes de la langue naturel sous une nouvelle forme de la logique du premier ordre ou la boîte de la structure des représentations du discours In the rise of the internet, user-generated content from social networking services is becoming a giant source of information that can be useful to businesses on the aspect where users are viewed as customers or potential customers for companies. Exploitation of user-generated texts can help identify their feelings, intentions, or reduce the effort of the agents who are responsible for collecting or receiving information on social networking services. As part of this thesis, the content of texts such as speeches, statements, conversations from interactive communication on social media platforms become the main data object of our study. We deepen an analysis of structures and components of sentences in texts on the basis of Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) and the Discourse Representation Structure (DRS). We propose a method for extracting a CCG tree from the dependency structure of the sentence, and a general architecture to build a bridge of relationship between syntaxes and semantics of French sentences. As a result, our study achieves representations of natural language texts in a new form of first order logic or the box of DRS

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Buchanan, David Djordjevic Nick. "A bell in the storm persistent unexplained pain and the language of the uncanny in the creative neurophenomenal reference /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0039.html.

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Roma, Stoll Rebecca Evonne. "The aesthetic pleasures of pain, 1688-1805." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6258.

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My dissertation examines how representations of physical and mental suffering in literary texts reveal paradoxes in the structure of sympathy that remain under-explored by literary scholars. In the philosophical thought of Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Hume, and Smith, sympathy was a feature of the "moral sense," an aesthetic intuition that, with proper training, could compel individuals to act ethically in society. However, because sympathy allowed individuals to feel the experiences of others, not just through the imagination, but in connection with the body itself, the motivation for sympathizing with pain presented a significant problem for Enlightenment philosophy. Largely divested of its religious contexts, pain was increasingly classified as a mechanism that registered distress or pathology in the body, and as an experience that human beings instinctively avoid. Terry Eagleton, Adela Pinch, and G. J. Barker-Benfield, among others, have analyzed sympathy and the culture of sentimentality in terms of their moral relativism, derivative emotionality, and regulatory influence on gendered behavior and social norms. My dissertation makes a needed contribution to the field by focusing on the ways pain reveals structural contradictions in sympathy's claim to penetrate the boundaries of subjective experience, an experience that was becoming "buffered"-- to use Charles Taylor's term -- from the influence of others. Each chapter of my dissertation positions a landmark text--Aphra Behn's Oroonoko (1688), Samuel Richardson's Clarissa (1748), Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774), and William Wordsworth's The Prelude (1805) -- within the context of Enlightenment moral sense philosophy to highlight the intentional and unintentional ways literary authors modified philosophical formulations of sympathy to create the ethically complex pleasure of sympathizing with the pain of others. Because the concepts of pain and subjectivity were taking on modern shapes in these texts, literary critics must reconsider how ethical claims were made by the aesthetic practice of connecting representations of pain with the pleasure of sympathizing. Globalized media are bringing increasingly distant experiences of pain to our attention in increasingly intimate ways. These technologies can be invaluable for promoting a sense of social responsibility for the pain of even the most distant others, but only if we hold ourselves accountable for how and why we look.

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Akiyama, Renata. "Análise comparativa da intervenção fonoaudiológica na surdez: com a família ou com os pais?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-16102014-111939/.

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A confirmação da surdez de uma criança é muito traumatizante para os pais ouvintes e causa grande impacto no sistema familiar, rompendo-se as expectativas e alterando o relacionamento afetivo, social e a comunicação da família com essa criança. A criança surda, devido ao déficit auditivo, terá dificuldades em ouvir os sons da fala e do meio ambiente impossibilitando-a de uma aquisição espontânea e efetiva da língua oral, mas sua comunicação poderá ser efetiva através da língua de sinais. Por se tratar de famílias ouvintes com crianças surdas nas quais há uma barreira na comunicação e conseqüentemente uma diminuição na interlocução entre os familiares e nas oportunidades sociais e de escolarização dessas crianças, o Programa do Laboratório de Investigação Fonoaudiológica em Audiologia Educacional (LIFAE) do Curso de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo oferece as seguintes atividades: terapia fonoaudiológica individual, oficinas de língua de sinais e de língua oral para as crianças surdas, oficinas de língua de sinais para os familiares ouvintes, grupo de suporte aos pais e/ou familiares ouvintes. Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar se a participação de um familiar ouvinte no Programa gera mudanças no comportamento comunicativo das famílias atendidas. Para isso foram entrevistadas 10 famílias sendo que seus membros foram divididos em dois grupos: participantes diretos e participantes indiretos do Programa. Os dados foram tratados quantitativamente através da análise percentual e qualitativamente, através da transcrição e textualização das entrevistas e da elaboração do discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os resultados indicaram que os participantes diretos do Programa demonstraram ter um envolvimento maior e uma melhor percepção da vida da criança surda. As mudanças relatadas nos depoimentos mostraram alterações na dinâmica familiar, ou seja, a comunicação e a interação familiar se modificaram, gerando uma melhora no relacionamento entre os seus membros e na aceitação da surdez, indicando que o Programa é eficaz na intervenção fonoaudiológica a crianças surdas e seus familiares ouvintes The confirmation of a child\'s deafness is very traumatic for hearing parents and it causes a great impact on the family system, breaking the expectation and altering the affective, social and communication relationship between the deaf child and his family. The deaf child due to the hearing impairment will have difficulties to hear speech and environmental sounds depriving him of a spontaneous and effective oral language acquisition. However his communication might be effective by using sign language. There is a communication barrier which reduces family\'s interactions, social and educational opportunities in hearing families with deaf children. Based on these facts the Educational Audiology Service (EAS) of University of São Paulo offers an intervention program which comprises: speech therapy, sign and oral language workshops for deaf children, sign language workshops for hearing parents and a parental support group. The aim of this study is to verify whether the participation of a hearing member in the EAS Program generates communication changes in the hearing families who attend the Program. Ten families were interviewed and their members were divided in two groups: direct and indirect participants in the Program. The data was treated quantitatively by percentage analysis and qualitatively through transcription, textualization and the elaboration of \"Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo\". The data showed that direct participants had a better relationship and perception on deaf child\'s life. The reported changes indicate alterations in the families\' dynamics, i.e, familiar communication and interaction were changed leading to an improvement in members relationship and acceptance of deafness, showing that the Program is efficient as a speech and hearing intervention for deaf children and their hearing families

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Lecerf, Jason. "Designing language-agnostic code transformation engines." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I077.

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Les transformations automatiques de code apparaissent dans diverses situations, les refactorings, les migrations inter-langages ou encore la spécialisation de code. Les moteurs supportant ces transformations cherchent dans le code source les occurrences de motifs spécifiés par l’utilisateur, puis les réécrivent grâce à une transformation. Cette transformation peut soit modifier les occurrences elles-mêmes, des éléments de la représentation intermédiaire (IR) du langage, en nouveaux éléments ou réécrire leur code source. Nous nous concentrons sur la réécriture de code source qui offre une meilleure flexibilité grâce à des transformations arbitraires particulièrement utiles à la migration et à la spécialisation de code. Les motifs sont divisés en deux catégories : les motifs explicites et syntaxiques. Les premiers demandent que l’utilisateur connaisse l’IR du langage, un effort d’apprentissage non négligeable. Les seconds demandent seulement de connaître la syntaxe du langage et non son IR, mais requièrent un effort d’implémentation supplémentaire pour les back-ends de langage du moteur. Tandis que les experts en langage connaissent l’IR et la syntaxe du langage, les autres utilisateurs connaissent seulement la syntaxe. Nous proposons un moteur de reconnaissance de motifs offrant une représentation hybride des motifs : les motifs peuvent être à la fois explicites et syntaxiques. Par défaut, le moteur se rabat sur un fonctionnement syntaxique, car la barrière à l’entrée est plus basse. Pour pallier au coup d’implémentation des back-ends de langage pour la reconnaissance syntaxique, nous prenons une approche générative. Le moteur de reconnaissance hybride est couplé avec un moteur de génération d’analyseurs syntaxiques. Ce dernier génère des analyseurs syntaxiques LR généralisés (GLR) capables d’analyser non seulement le code source à réécrire, mais également le motif à reconnaitre. L’implémenteur du back-end de langage n’a alors qu’à ajouter une ligne à la grammaire pour avoir accès au moteur de reconnaissance de motifs pour ce langage. L’approche est basée sur des analyseurs syntaxiques GLR pouvant se dupliquer et traquant ses sous-analyseurs. Ces implémentations particulières de GLR ne passent pas à l’échelle quand trop de duplications sont nécessaires pour gérer les ambiguïtés et notre approche ajoute de la duplication. Pour éviter une explosion du temps d’exécution, nos analyseurs syntaxiques FGLR fusionnent plus régulièrement et permettent une désambiguïsation à la volée pendant l’analyse via des effets de bord Code transformations are needed in various cases: refactorings, migrations, code specialization, and so on. Code transformation engines work by finding a pattern in the source code and rewriting its occurrences according to the transformation. The transformation either rewrites the occurrences, elements of the intermediate representation (IR) of the language, into new elements or directly rewrites the source code. In this work, we focused on source rewriting since it offers more flexibility through arbitrary transformations, especially for migrations and specializations. Matching patterns come in two different flavors, explicit and syntactic. The former requires the user to know the IR of the language, a heavy knowledge burden. The latter only relies on the syntax of the matched language and not its IR, but requires significantly more work to implement the language back-ends. Language experts tend to know the IR and the syntax of a language, while other users know only the syntax. We propose a pattern matching engine offering a hybrid pattern representation: both explicit and syntactic matching are available in the same pattern. The engine always defaults to syntactic as it is the lowest barrier to entry for patterns. To counterbalance the implementation cost of language back-ends for syntactic pattern matching, we take a generative approach. We combine the hybrid pattern matching engine with a parser generator. The parser generator generates generalized LR (GLR) parsers capable of not only parsing the source but also the hybrid pattern. The back-end implementer only needs to add one line to the grammar of the language to activate the pattern matching engine. This approach to pattern matching requires GLR parsers capable of forking and keeping track of each individual fork. These GLR implementations suffer the more forking is done to handle ambiguities and patterns require even more forking. To prevent an explosion, our Fibered-GLR parsers merge more often and allow for classic disambiguation during the parse through side-effects

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Dellisa, Paula Roberta Rocha 1983. "Oficina de leitura e escrita para pais = um estudo sobre concepções de letramento." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313691.

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Orientador: Adriana Lia Friszman de Laplane Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T12:09:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dellisa_PaulaRobertaRocha_M.pdf: 2513261 bytes, checksum: dd09dc5b8ef12754c81225c28d81f2f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 Resumo: Partindo da idéia de que a família é um dos elementos principais na inserção da criança na cultura letrada, o presente trabalho objetivou o estudo das relações da família com as práticas de leitura/escrita, no contexto de um grupo de crianças com queixas de dificuldades nessa aquisição, que freqüentam um serviço de Fonoaudiologia. Pretendeu-se conhecer as atitudes da família e sua visão quanto à escrita e às dificuldades das crianças nessa área. A implementação do projeto "oficina de leitura e escrita" com essas famílias pretendeu também refletir sobre esse processo de intervenção e seus resultados. As reuniões do grupo com os familiares foram realizadas em uma Clínica de Fonoaudiologia pertencente a uma Universidade Pública do interior do estado de São Paulo. Os participantes foram os pais/responsáveis das crianças que lá se encontram em acompanhamento. Foram conduzidas 17 sessões de 60 minutos cada. A interpretação de dados foi realizada nos moldes da pesquisa qualitativa, sendo considerados os discursos dos sujeitos durante os encontros, os produtos resultantes da oficina e registros realizados em diário de campo. Foi possível concluir que a oficina é um espaço propício para permitir a emergência de experiências pessoais com a leitura/escrita e de sentimentos relacionados a elas. Além disso, constatou-se que as atividades durante a oficina permitiram uma melhor compreensão das dificuldades que as crianças enfrentam na aquisição da leitura e da escrita Abstract: Starting from the idea that family is one of the main elements regarding the inclusion of children in the literate world, this research aimed to investigate the relationship families establish with the practices of reading/writing within a group of children with complaints of school difficulties that attend a Speech Pathology service. The study aimed to the understanding of attitudes and visions of families about how children learn to read and write and the difficulties they may face during the process. The Project involved intervention through a "Reading and Writing workshop for parents" that aimed to lead families to reflect on the process of learning to read and write. The group meetings were held with family members in a Speech Therapy Clinic owned by a public university in the state of Sao Paulo. The participants were parents/guardians of children that attended the clinic due to complains of reading/writing difficulties. Were conducted 17 sessions of 60 minutes each. The interpretation of data was performed along the lines of qualitative research, considering the discourse and interactions during the meetings and a field journal keeped by the researcher. It was concluded that the workshop is an excellent place to allow the emergence of personal experiences and feelings about reading/writing. Moreover, it was found that the activities during the workshop allowed a better understanding of the difficulties that children face and the ways families can provide help Mestrado Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação Mestre em Saúde, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação

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Yue, Andrea Henlin. "Intervenção bilíngue: percepção dos pais quanto a mudanças na comunicação com seus filhos surdos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-27082010-183019/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos apontam para a importância da aquisição da Língua de Sinais por crianças Surdas o mais cedo possível para o desenvolvimento de linguagem, cognitivo, social e emocional. Porém, poucas dentre estas crianças têm acesso a esta língua em seu ambiente familiar, pois 95% das crianças Surdas são filhas de pais ouvintes. Um programa de intervenção Bilíngue para crianças Surdas, que proporcione o uso da Língua de Sinais como primeira língua (L1) e o português escrito e oral como segunda língua (L2), pode prover à criança um ambiente favorável ao seu desenvolvimento. Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar um programa de intervenção Bilíngue para crianças Surdas, na ótica de seus pais ouvintes, com referência ao apoio que receberam dos profissionais envolvidos neste e nas mudanças ocorridas na comunicação com seus filhos depois da participação no programa. MÉTODOS: Foi elaborado um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturado, que compreendeu os seguintes aspectos: trajetória da família desde o momento da suspeita da Surdez até a entrada no programa Bilíngue; meios e qualidade da comunicação dos familiares com as crianças Surdas; concepção sobre a Surdez e relacionamento familiar. As entrevistas foram realizadas com 17 mães e 1 pai ouvintes, de crianças Surdas com idade entre 5 e 7 anos, que participaram do programa por pelo menos dois anos. A metodologia compreendeu análises quantitativa e qualitativa dos dados coletados nas entrevistas. Foi traduzida e adaptada uma escala de 0 a 10 em que os pais atribuíram nota a seus filhos em situações comunicativas antes e depois da participação no programa Bilíngue. Os resultados das avaliações foram submetidos a tratamento estatístico. As entrevistas foram analisadas qualitativamente com o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, selecionando-se as expressões-chave e as ideias centrais dos discursos individuais de todos os pais participantes. RESULTADOS: Com relação à suspeita da Surdez, os resultados indicaram que as mães foram responsáveis em 38,9%, seguida pelos pais por 22,2% e o restante por médicos e outros familiares. A idade das crianças, em média, era de 12,3 meses no momento da suspeita da Surdez e 19,91 meses no momento do diagnóstico. Para a maioria dos pais, tanto o primeiro contato com um Surdo adulto como o aprendizado da Língua de Sinais foram propiciados pelo programa Bilíngue. Houve melhoras significativas, na opinião dos pais, com relação à comunicação e ao relacionamento com os filhos Surdos. Os resultados também mostraram 100% de aceitação da Língua de Sinais pelos pais. Com relação à fluência dos pais no uso da Língua de Sinais, 77,8% destes se autoavaliaram com nota acima de 7. Também ocorreram mudanças positivas para todos os pais na dinâmica da vida familiar e quanto à expectativa de futuro dos filhos Surdos. Os Discursos do Sujeito Coletivo dos pais revelaram o impacto que sofreram ao receber o diagnóstico da Surdez dos filhos, as melhoras observadas por eles na comunicação com seus filhos e destes com outros familiares. Os resultados também mostraram a importância da interação destes pais com Surdos adultos e as mudanças positivas ocorridas em suas vidas e de seus filhos decorrentes de sua participação no programa. CONCLUSÕES: O programa Bilíngue promoveu melhora na comunicação entre as crianças Surdas e seus familiares ouvintes, no comportamento geral das crianças, no relacionamento intrafamiliar, na expectativa de futuro dos pais com relação a seus filhos Surdos e na qualidade de vida destas famílias . INTRODUCTION: Studies indicate the importance of Deaf children acquiring Sign Language as early as possible for purposes of language, cognitive, social and emotional development. However, few children have access to this in the family environment, since 95% of Deaf children have hearing parents. A program of bilíngual intervention for Deaf children that offers the use of Sign Language as a first language (L1) and written and spoken Portuguese as a second language (L2) can provide children with a favorable environment for their development. This research aimed to analyze a program of Bilíngual intervention for Deaf children from the viewpoint of their hearing parents, with reference to the support they received from the professionals involved and the communication with their children before and after participation in the program. METHODS: A semi-structured interview was designed, covering the following aspects: family trajectory from the moment when it suspected the deafness to the moment when it entered the Bilíngual program; means and quality of communication between family members and the Deaf children; conception of Deafness; and family relationship. Interviews were conducted with 17 hearing mothers and 1 hearing father of Deaf children aged between 5 and 7 years old, who participated in the program for at least two years. The methodology included quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data gathered during the interviews. A 0 to 10 scale was translated and adapted for the parents to grade their children in communicative situations before and after participation in the bilíngual program. The results of the evaluations underwent statistical treatment. The interviews were qualitatively analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject, selecting the key expressions and central ideas of the individual discourses of all participating parents. RESULTS: With regard to the suspicion of Deafness, the results indicated that mothers were responsible in 38.9% of cases, followed by fathers (22.2%) and doctors and other family members in the remaining cases. Children were aged 12.3 months on average at the moment of the suspicion of Deafness, and 19.91 months on average at the moment of the diagnosis. For most parents the first contact with Deaf adults and the learning of Sign Language were provided by the Bilíngual program. There was significant improvement in parents opinion in relation to the communication and relationship with their Deaf children. The results also showed an acceptance level of Sign Language by parents of 100%. As for parents fluency in Sign Language, 77.8% self-evaluated with a score above 7. There also occurred positive changes for all parents in the dynamics of family life and as to the expectation of their Deaf childrens future. Parents Discourses of the Collective Subject revealed the impact they suffered upon receiving the diagnosis of their childrens Deafness, the improvement observed by them in the communication with their children, and between their children and other relatives. The results equally demonstrated the importance of contact with Deaf adults and the positive changes that took place in their lives and in their childrens lives as a result of their participation in the program. CONCLUSIONS: The Bilíngual program promoted improvements in communication between Deaf children and their hearing family members, in childrens behavior, in the intra-family relationship, in hearing parents expectation of their Deaf childrens future and in families quality of life

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Pathanapong, Poonsri. "Childbirth pain communicative behaviors among selected laboring Thai women." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185186.

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The purpose of this study is to describe characteristics of childbirth pain communicative behaviors among laboring Thai women, determine mode of pain communication, and determine relationships among behaviors and parturients, age, parity, education, and occupation. This study employed an exploratory description design. Direct structural observation was used to collect data. The study was conducted at a general hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, with 32 subjects participating. The "Observation Checklist of Laboring Women's Behavior" was used to record the subjects' behaviors. Descriptive statistics, the t test, and Pearson product moment correlation were used to analyze data. Data analysis indicated that the subjects of this study communicated pain via nonverbal channels and in a quiet manner. The range of nonverbal behaviors ranked from the greatest to the least frequent occurrences and included tactual, facial, lips, body movements, eyes, and respiratory behaviors. The range of verbal reports ranked from the greatest to the lowest frequencies and included reports of sensation, self evaluation of tolerance of pain, asking for information, requesting help and comfort, and asking for permission. Reports of pain were the most predominant of all the verbal reports. There were no statistically significant differences between behaviors and age, parity, education, and occupation. Pain behaviors were more prevalent among primiparae. Subjects who were younger or had fewer years of education ask for more information relating to the childbirth process compared with their counterparts. The younger subjects tended to communicate their pain via verbal mode; the older subjects tended to communicate their pain through nonverbal channels. Information derived from this study contributed to clinical practice, research, and theoretical knowledge of nursing. The information will help nurses understand about pain communication among the Thai women. Findings also will serve as empirical data for future investigations and can be used as a basis for childbirth pain assessment. The findings of this study are not generalizable because subjects were not randomly selected and the sample size was small. Recommendations for future study include the use of larger sample sizes, refinement of the checklist, and the use of multiple methods to collect the data.

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Acher, Mathieu. "Managing, multiple feature models : foundations, languages and applications." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4052.

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L’ingénierie des lignes de produits logiciels (LdPs) est un paradigme pour la modélisation et le développement de familles de systèmes logiciels plutôt que de systèmes logiciels individuels. Son objectif porte sur les moyens de produire et maintenir efficacement des produits logiciels similaires en exploitant ce qu’ils ont en commun et en gérant ce qui varie entre eux. Par analogie, la pratique dans l’industrie automobile est de construire une ligne de production dans laquelle des variations personnalisées mais tout de même similaires de modèles de voitures sont produits. Les feature models (FMs) sont une représentation fondamentale pour spécifier et raisonner sur la commonalité et la variabilité des LdPs en termes de features (caractéristiques). Les FMs deviennent de plus en plus complexes, manipulés par plusieurs développeurs ou organisations, utilisés pour décrire des features à divers niveaux d’abstraction et qui sont mises en relation de différentes façons. Maintenir un seul gros FM n’est ni réaliste ni souhaitable. Au contraire une tendance forte est de considérer de multiples FMs. Dans cette thèse, nous développons les fondations théoriques et un support pratique pour gérer de multiples FMs. Nous concevons et développons un ensemble d’opérateurs de composition et de décomposition (aggregate, merge, slice) pour supporter la séparation des préoccupations. Les opérateurs sont formellement définis et implémentés avec un algorithme qui garantit des propriétés sémantiques. Nous montrons comment les opérateurs de composition et de décomposition peuvent être combinés ensemble ou avec d’autres opérateurs d’édition ou de raisonnement pour réaliser des taches complexes. Nous proposons un langage textuel, FAMILIAR (pour FeAture Model scrIpt Language for manIpulation and Automatic Reasoning), qui fournit une solution opérationnelle à la gestion de multiples FMs à large échelle. Un utilisateur des FMs peut combiner les différents opérateurs et manipuler un ensemble restreint de concepts (FMs, features, configurations, etc. ) en utilisant une notation concise et des facilités linguistiques. FAMILIAR cache les détails d’implémentations (e. G. , solveurs) et est supporté par un environnement de développement complet. Nous décrivons plusieurs applications de ces opérateurs et utilisations de FAMILIAR dans différents domaines (messagerie médicale, vidéo protection) et pour différents objectifs (conception de workflows scientifiques, modélisation de la variabilité des exigences à l’exécution, rétro ingénierie), démontrant l’applicabilité à la fois des opérateurs et du langage de support. Sans les nouvelles capacités fournies par les opérateurs et FAMILIAR, certaines opérations d’analyse et de raisonnement n’auraient pas été possibles dans les différents cas d’études. Pour conclure, nous discutons les différentes perspectives de recherche à moyen terme (opérateurs, langage, éléments de validation) et à long terme (e. G. Relations entre les FMs et les autres modèles) Software product Line (SPL) engineering is a paradigm shift towards modeling and developing software system families rather than individual systems. It focuses on the means of efficiently producing and maintaining multiple similar software products, exploiting what they have in common and managing what varies among them. Feature models (FMs) are a fundamental formalism for specifying and reasoning about commonality and variability of SPLs. FMs are becoming increasingly complex, handled by several stakeholders or organizations, used to describe features at various levels of abstraction and related in a variety of ways. Maintaining a single large FM is neither feasible nor desirable. Instead, multiple FMs are now used. In this thesis, we develop theoretical foundations and practical support for managing multiple FMs. We design and develop a set of composition and decomposition operators (aggregate, merge, slice) for supporting separation of concerns. The operators are formally defined, implemented with a fully automated algorithm and guarantee semantics properties. We show how the composition and decomposition operators can be combined together or with other reasoning and editing operators to realize complex tasks. We propose a textual language, FAMILIAR, which provides a practical solution for managing FMs on a large scale. We report various applications of the operators and usages of FAMILIAR in different domains (medical imaging, video surveillance) and for different purposes (scientific workflow design, variability modeling from requirements to runtime, reverse engineering), showing the applicability of both the operators and the supporting language

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Gonçalves, Bianca Rodrigues Lopes. "Programa de acompanhamento a pais na intervenção fonoaudiológica em linguagem infantil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-01112012-215711/.

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A linguagem verbal é a forma de comunicação mais utilizada pelas pessoas para a transmissão de mensagem, expressão de pensamentos, sentimentos e inclusão no meio social. As crianças que possuem alterações de linguagem apresentam dificuldades para isto, inclusive com os seus pais. É imprescindível a participação dos pais na intervenção fonoaudiológica, pois o envolvimento permite que estes sejam propagadores e noticiadores dos conhecimentos que adquiriram sobre a alteração de linguagem do filho. Uma das maneiras de envolver os pais na intervenção fonoaudiológica é pela formação de grupos de pais. O objetivo principal dessa pesquisa foi descrever os efeitos de um programa de acompanhamento a pais concomitante à intervenção fonoaudiológica em crianças com atraso no desenvolvimento da linguagem e/ou distúrbio específico de linguagem. O objetivo secundário foi elaborar, implementar e avaliar um programa de acompanhamento a pais de crianças com atraso no desenvolvimento da linguagem e/ou distúrbio específico de linguagem. A pesquisa foi realizada na Clínica de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru da Universidade de São Paulo (FOB-USP) sob o protocolo do comitê de ética (56/2010). Os participantes foram 10 pais de 10 crianças de ambos os sexos, de 3 a 6 anos, com diagnóstico fonoaudiológico de atraso no desenvolvimento da linguagem ou distúrbio específico de linguagem. O programa teve a duração de 10 sessões (semanais), com duração de 50 minutos cada. Foram aplicados questionários e inventários nos pais e nas crianças pré e pós-intervenção. Os questionários aplicados nos pais foram: um questionário de caracterização do sistema familiar, um inventário de estilos parentais, um questionário para identificação das habilidades comunicativas verbais. Foram também desenvolvidos pela pesquisadora três questionários: um checklist sobre uso efetivo de habilidades comunicativas verbais na interação pais e filhos, um questionário de grupo de acompanhamento a pais e um questionário de nível de satisfação direcionado a pais de crianças com alterações de linguagem nas crianças. Nas crianças foram aplicados: um teste de avaliação do desenvolvimento da linguagem, um teste para avaliar a fonologia e o vocabulário e um protocolo de observação comportamental. O programa abordou questões ligadas ao desenvolvimento da linguagem, assim como comportamentos dos pais que facilitariam este desenvolvimento. Quanto aos resultados dos pais, observou-se que, após o programa houve uma melhora estatisticamente significante da satisfação dos pais em relação à linguagem dos filhos, houve um aumento das habilidades comunicativas verbais utilizadas pelos pais em situação de interação com os filhos. Nas crianças, observou-se que estas melhoraram, quantitativamente, no nível de desenvolvimento da linguagem pelo teste aplicado. Portanto, o estudo propôs o uso de protocolos e questionários que podem ser utilizados como instrumentos para a avaliação de grupo de pais não somente na Fonoaudiologia, mas também em outras áreas da saúde e, além disso, mostrou a importância da participação dos pais durante o processo interventivo de seus filhos, permitindo que participem ativamente da intervenção fonoaudiológica, compreendam a alteração de linguagem de seus filhos e se instrumentalizem sobre quais atividades podem realizar no ambiente doméstico de forma a promover a melhora da linguagem de seus filhos. The speech is the most widely used form of communication for people to transmit messages, expressing thoughts, feelings and inclusion in the social environment. Children who have language disorders have difficulty speaking, including communicating with their parents. Its essential the participation of parents in speech therapy, as the involvement allows these spreaders are and transmitters of knowledge acquired about changing the language of the child. One way to involve parents in speech therapy is the formation of parent groups. The principal objective of this research was to describe the effects of a monitoring program to parents concurrent with speech therapy in children with delayed language development and/or specific language disturbance. The secondary objective was to develop, implement and evaluate a monitoring program to parents of children with delayed language development and/or specific language disturbance. The survey was conducted in the Speech Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo (FOB-USP) based on the protocol of the ethics committee (56/2010). The group were 10 parents of 10 children of both sexes, 3-6 years, diagnosed with speech delay in language development and specific language impairment. The program lasted for 10 sessions (weekly), with 50 minutes each. Questionnaires were used and inventories in parents and children before and after intervention. The questionnaires were the parents: a questionnaire to characterize the family system, an inventory of parenting styles, a questionnaire to identify verbal communication skills. Were also developed by the researcher three questionnaires: a checklist on effective use of verbal communicative abilities in parents and children interact, a questionnaire follow-up group for parents and a questionnaire about their satisfaction level aimed at parents of children with language disorders in children. Were applied in children: an evaluation test of language development, a test to evaluate the phonology and vocabulary, and a behavioral observation protocol. The program addressed issues related to language development, as well as parental behaviors that would facilitate this development. As for the results of the parents, it was observed that after the program was a statistically significant improvement in parental satisfaction in relation to the language of children, there was an increase in verbal communication skills used by parents in their interaction with the children. In children there was a significant improvement applied by the test. Therefore, the study has proposed the use of protocols and questionnaires that may be used as tools for evaluating the parent group not only in speech therapy, but also in other areas of health, and furthermore, showed the importance of the involvement in the parent intervention process for their children, allowing participate actively in the speech therapy, understand the language disorders of their children and adapt about what activities can be carried out in the home environment to promote the improvement of the language of their children.

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Neergaard, Morten Minde. "CLIRch, an extensible open source framework for query translation : evaluated for use on the Norwegian/Spanish language pair." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18357.

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CLIR, Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval, is a field of research that can behighly useful in web search and for several other applications. Extensiveresearch has been done on possible CLIR implementations, but as of yet thereare no open source frameworks or applications readily available. The thesisfocuses on building such a framework and evaluating it for use on theNorwegian/Spanish language pair.The framework implemented uses query translation to submit queries to existinginformation retrieval (IR) implementations, and the framework itself holds nolow-level IR algorithms. Experiments were performed on a small parallel corpusof Norwegian and Spanish texts, using the Xapian and PostgreSQL IRimplementations. A comprehensive comparison of possible configurations wasdone, and certain measures were shown to be effective when searching fordocuments in either language.The framework is implemented in a modular architecture, allowing the suggestedadditions and amendments to be implemented as add-on components. This is themain intent of the framework, and eases the process of building support foradditional languages as well. For easing the adoption of the framework,additional components and data may be beneficial.Some improvements are also possible for the tested language pair, throughobtaining larger data sets or implementing certain language specificalgorithms. Of particular interest is implementing effective decompounding ofNorwegian compound words and phrase translation support. Suggestions are alsomade for how the system can be used to perform CLIR tasks in other languages.

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Antoine, Emilien. "Distributed data management with a declarative rule-based language webdamlog." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933808.

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Our goal is to enable aWeb user to easily specify distributed data managementtasks in place, i.e. without centralizing the data to a single provider. Oursystem is therefore not a replacement for Facebook, or any centralized system,but an alternative that allows users to launch their own peers on their machinesprocessing their own local personal data, and possibly collaborating with Webservices.We introduce Webdamlog, a datalog-style language for managing distributeddata and knowledge. The language extends datalog in a numberof ways, notably with a novel feature, namely delegation, allowing peersto exchange not only facts but also rules. We present a user study thatdemonstrates the usability of the language. We describe a Webdamlog enginethat extends a distributed datalog engine, namely Bud, with the supportof delegation and of a number of other novelties of Webdamlog such as thepossibility to have variables denoting peers or relations. We mention noveloptimization techniques, notably one based on the provenance of facts andrules. We exhibit experiments that demonstrate that the rich features ofWebdamlog can be supported at reasonable cost and that the engine scales tolarge volumes of data. Finally, we discuss the implementation of a Webdamlogpeer system that provides an environment for the engine. In particular, a peersupports wrappers to exchange Webdamlog data with non-Webdamlog peers.We illustrate these peers by presenting a picture management applicationthat we used for demonstration purposes.

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Schmit, Nathalie. ""We didn't hide away in the kitchen" : an investigation into the PanSALB's role in the implementation of the language policy in South Africa." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=203788.

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The research undertaken for this PhD investigates the Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB) and its role in the context of language policy implementation. This study was inspired by two separate factors. First, the PanSALB was heavily criticised, especially in recent years, despite its central and important role in the implementation of the South African language policy. Second, a look at the language planning theory indicated a lack of theoretical focus on the roles of language boards or language agencies, despite their frequent use in language policy efforts, a lack also recently lamented by Spolsky (2011) and Edwards (2012). The research undertaken for and reported on in this thesis has aimed toward two goals. First, to provide insight into the functioning and potential problems a language agency, such as the PanSALB, can face. Second, to allow a closer look at the implementation stage of the language planning process, a stage which has not yet been the focus of direct study, despite a lot of theoretical work on the processes which lead to language policies. Previous research on the PanSALB and the language policy in South Africa focused on the sociolinguistic issues, such as conflicting language ideologies among the population. This study approaches the PanSALB from an organisational and administrative point of view, as some of the recent criticism indicated that these aspects of the Board's work were problematic. A case study of the PanSALB was undertaken, and semi-‐structured interviews conducted with board members and managers. The findings indicate that financial, collaborative, and legislative issues hinder the Board's functioning. The latter is also the cause for some of the conflicts and tension within the Board and between the Board and its stakeholders, since ambiguous stipulations make the status and reporting structures of the Board unclear. The findings indicate that financial, collaborative, and legislative issues hinder the Board's functioning. The latter is also the cause for some of the conflicts and tension within the Board and between the Board and its stakeholders, since ambiguous stipulations make the status and reporting structures of the Board unclear. These findings highlight the importance of the implementation stage of language policy and planning, since even a well-‐ planned language policy may fail if the body or bodies tasked with its implementation are dysfunctional.

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Cornea, Bogdan Florin. "Prédiction de performances d’applications de calcul distribué exécutées sur une architecture pair-à-pair." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA2012/document.

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Dans le domaine du calcul de haute performance, les architectures d’exécution sont en continuelle évolution. L’augmentation du nombre de nœuds de calcul, ou le choix d’une topologie réseau plus rapide représentent un investissement important tant en temps qu’en moyen financier. Les méthodes de prédiction de performances permettent de guider ce choix. En parallèle à ce développement, les systèmes HPC pair-à-pair (P2P) se sont également développés ces dernières années. Ce type d’architecture hétérogène permettrait la résolution des problèmes scientifiques pour un coût très faible par rapport au coût d’une architecture dédiée.Ce manuscrit présente une méthode nouvelle de prédiction de performances pour les applications réelles de calcul distribué, exécutées dans des conditions réelles. La prédiction prend en compte l’optimisation du compilateur. Les résultats sont extrapolables et ils sont obtenus pour un ralentissement réduit. Ce travail de recherche est implémenté dans un logiciel nouveau nommé dPerf. dPerf est capable de prédire les performances des applications C, C++ ou Fortran qui communiquent en utilisant les normes MPI ou P2P-SAP et qui s’exécutent sur une architecture cible pair à pair, hétérogène et décentralisée. La précision de cette contribution a été étudiée sur (i) la transformée Laplace, pour l’aspect séquentiel, (ii) le benchmark IS de NAS, pour l’aspect MPI, (iii) et le code de l’obstacle pour l’aspect calcul P2P décentralisé et l’extrapolation du nombre de nœuds In the field of high performance computing, the architectures evolve continuously. In order to increase the number of computing nodes or the network speed, an important investment must be considered, from both temporal and financial point of view. Performance prediction methods aim at assisting in finding the best trade-off for such an investment. At the same time, P2P HPC systems have known an increase in development. These heterogeneous architectures would allow solving scientific problems at a low cost, with respect to dedicated systems.The manuscript presents a new method for performance prediction. This method applies to real applications for distributed computing, considered in a real execution environment. This method uses information about the different compiler optimization levels. The prediction results are obtained with reduced slowdown and are scalable. This thesis took shape in the development of the dPerf tool. dPerf predicts the performances of C, C++, and Fortran application, which use MPI or P2P-SAP to communicate. The applications modeled by dPerf are meant for execution on P2P heterogeneous architectures, with a decentralized communication topology. The accuracy of dPerf has been studied on three applications: (i) the Laplace transform, for sequential codes, (ii) the NAS Integer Sort benchmark for distributed MPI programs, (iii) and the obstacle problem, for the decentralized P2P computing and the scaling of the number of computing nodes

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Azize, Pary Mohammad. "The impact of language on the expression and assessment of pain in children aged 4-7 years : a mixed methods study." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1235.

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The assessment of pain in children has been an enduring theme in the research literature over many decades, with particular focus on how pain can be adequately measured and the extent of under-measurement of pain (American Academy of Pediatrics 2001; Coyne, 2006; McCaffery & Beebe 1989; Subhashini et al., 2009). Definitions of pain, and hence development of pain measurement tools, are often criticised for not addressing the influence of culture and ethnicity on pain (Bates et al., 1993; McCaffery & Beebe 1989; Zinke, 2007), in children, the perception and expression of pain is also affected by cognitive development (Hallström and Elander, 2004). Whilst there has been an increase in the number of children living in the United Kingdom (UK) who do not speak English as their first language, it has been acknowledged that the measurement and management of pain by health service professionals relies predominantly on their experience with English speaking children (RCN, 2009). This study aimed primarily to examine how primary school age children in key stage 1 who speak English as a primary or additional language experience, express, and explain pain. This aim was addressed through three research questions: (1) how do primary school age children in key stage 1 talk about pain? (2) What are the similarities and differences in the language used to talk about pain by children with English as a primary and additional language? (3) Are there differences in the perceptions of pain by children of different age, gender, language background, and country of birth? A second aim was to examine whether language would affect actions taken by final year child health students and nurses working in Minor Injuries Units to manage pain in primary school age children. Study objectives were addressed using a two phase mixed methods design. The first aim was addressed using six focus group interviews with groups of primary school children (aged 4-7) (Phase 1). Two methods were used in the interviews: use of drawings from the Pediatric Pain Inventory (Lollar et al., 1982) to capture the language used by children to describe pain and observation of the children’s placing of pain drawings on red/amber/green paper to denote perceived severity of pain. Following data collection, the vocabulary of each child was assessed using a standardised lexical test (British Picture Vocabulary Score version II - BPVS II) (Dunn et al., 1997). To address the second aim, a factorial survey was conducted (Phase 2) with nurses working in Minor Injuries Units and child health nursing students to determine whether language has an impact on decisions made about the management of children in pain following a minor injury. Phase 1 findings demonstrated that children from English as an Additional Language (EAL) backgrounds used less elaborate language when talking about pain but tended to talk about the pictures prior to deciding where they should be placed. The children’s placement of pain drawings varied according to language background, gender, and age. The calculated language age of English lexical comprehension (BPVS II score) of monolingual children (M=69.85, SD=19.27) was significantly higher than EAL children (M=47.93, SD=14.32; t (32) = 3.60, p =0.001, two-tailed). However, when these differences were explored in terms of year group, the differences remain significant with foundation and year 2 but not with year 1. For the EAL children, there were also significant relationships between BPVS II score and length of stay in the UK (spearman’s rho 0.749, p = 0.33). The Phase 1 findings were used to construct vignettes, describing hypothetical care situations, for Phase 2. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse the impact of a child’s age, gender, language, parent’s language, injury mechanism, and reaction to pain on the way in which the child’s pain would be assessed and whether parents or an interpreter would be invited to assist in pain assessment. Findings demonstrated that observing the child’s behaviour is the most significant assessment process that is used to assess EAL children, rather than the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), which was used with non-EAL children. This is significant as VAS is the mostly widely used tool to assess pain in health care settings. However, VAS is only effective if it can be understood by the child. Further, MIU nurses and child health students were more likely to involve parents who speak English well than those who speak English poorly but would ask for an interpreter if their involvement was necessary. In order for the respondents to explain their decisions, they were asked an open ended question for each vignette. They reported that language and age of children are the most common difficulties they faced during assessment of pain. Therefore, they suggested some solutions, like using an age appropriate tools for assessing younger children. Respondents also identified that using an interpreter is a time consuming process, which might delay the management of pain. In light of the growing numbers of EAL children in the UK; this research has application in a number of contexts. The variation in language would apply if children were reporting their own pain. However, the findings emphasise the need for sufficient time to be allocated to pain assessment to allow an individualised approach. Study findings suggest several factors that may be important in assessing pain in EAL children; these should be explored further in the context of clinicians’ assessment of pain. The implications of the study impact on policy, practice, education, and future research.

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Arseniou, Elizabeth. "Between modernism and the avant-garde : literary experimentation in the early 1960s in Greece (the case of the literary magazine Pali [1964-1967])." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322999.

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This study is an investigation of the role of the "little magazine" flriAZ, published in the early 1960s in Greece, as well as the work of its contributors. By experimenting with the use or abuse, expansion or minimisation of literary language, the group of flriAZ contributed to the constitution of the Greek 1960s and offered an alternative paradigm of a peripheral Western neo-avant-garde. The first chapter offers a brief account of the political and cultural background to the magazine's publication. The second chapter explores the tradition of the avant-garde "little magazines", the developments of Greek and international alternative press in the 1960s and the features of flaAz as a "little magazine". The third chapter reviews the developments of international and Greek I modernism and the avant-garde and examines the debates on literary modernity in the Greek criticism of the 1960s. The fourth chapter considers the work of Manto Aravantinou, Nikos Stangos and Kostas Tachtsis, three contributors of IlaAz whose literature introduced innovative oral and textual strategies. Chapter five explores the ways Alexandros Schinas views language and literature in his meta- fictional literary work. It examines his experimental techniques. analyses his "hyperlexist" contribution to IlaAz and his views on the language question. Finally, the sixth chapter explores the background of the magazine's "anti-realist generation". It examines their work within the context of international avantgarde and analyses their contributions to the reformation of the literary and cultural attitude during the 1960s.

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Degueule, Thomas. "Composition and interoperability for external domain-specific language engineering." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S093/document.

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Development and evolution of Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) is becoming recurrent in the development of complex software-intensive systems. However, despite many advances in Software Language Engineering (SLE), DSLs and their tooling still suffer from substantial development costs which hamper their successful adoption in the industry. We identify two main challenges to be addressed. First, the proliferation of independently developed and constantly evolving DSLs raises the problem of interoperability between similar languages and environments. Second, since DSLs and their environments suffer from high development costs, tools and methods must be provided to assist language designers and mitigate development costs. To address these challenges, we first propose the notion of language interface. Using language interfaces, one can vary or evolve the implementation of a DSL while retaining the compatibility with the services and environments defined on its interface. Then, we present a mechanism, named model polymorphism, for manipulating models through different language interfaces. Finally, we propose a meta-language that enables language designers to reuse legacy DSLs, compose them, extend them, and customize them to meet new requirements. We implement all our contributions in a new language workbench named Melange that supports the modular definition of DSLs and the interoperability of their tooling. We evaluate the ability of Melange to solve challenging SLE scenarios Development and evolution of Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) is becoming recurrent in the development of complex software-intensive systems. However, despite many advances in Software Language Engineering (SLE), DSLs and their tooling still suffer from substantial development costs which hamper their successful adoption in the industry. We identify two main challenges to be addressed. First, the proliferation of independently developed and constantly evolving DSLs raises the problem of interoperability between similar languages and environments. Second, since DSLs and their environments suffer from high development costs, tools and methods must be provided to assist language designers and mitigate development costs. To address these challenges, we first propose the notion of language interface. Using language interfaces, one can vary or evolve the implementation of a DSL while retaining the compatibility with the services and environments defined on its interface. Then, we present a mechanism, named model polymorphism, for manipulating models through different language interfaces. Finally, we propose a meta-language that enables language designers to reuse legacy DSLs, compose them, extend them, and customize them to meet new requirements. We implement all our contributions in a new language workbench named Melange that supports the modular definition of DSLs and the interoperability of their tooling. We evaluate the ability of Melange to solve challenging SLE scenarios

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Heimbauer, Lisa A. "Investigating Speech Perception in Evolutionary Perspective: Comparisons of Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and Human Capabilities." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/106.

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There has been much discussion regarding whether the capability to perceive speech is uniquely human. The “Speech is Special” (SiS) view proposes that humans possess a specialized cognitive module for speech perception (Mann & Liberman, 1983). In contrast, the “Auditory Hypothesis” (Kuhl, 1988) suggests spoken-language evolution took advantage of existing auditory-system capabilities. In support of the Auditory Hypothesis, there is evidence that Panzee, a language-trained chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), perceives speech in synthetic “sine-wave” and “noise-vocoded” forms (Heimbauer, Beran, & Owren, 2011). Human comprehension of these altered forms of speech has been cited as evidence for specialized cognitive capabilities (Davis, Johnsrude, Hervais-Adelman, Taylor, & McGettigan, 2005). In light of Panzee’s demonstrated abilities, three experiments extended these investigations of the cognitive processes underlying her speech perception. The first experiment investigated the acoustic cues that Panzee and humans use when identifying sine-wave and noise-vocoded speech. The second experiment examined Panzee’s ability to perceive “time-reversed” speech, in which individual segments of the waveform are reversed in time. Humans are able to perceive such speech if these segments do not much exceed average phoneme length. Finally, the third experiment tested Panzee’s ability to generalize across both familiar and novel talkers, a perceptually challenging task that humans seem to perform effortlessly. Panzee’s performance was similar to that of humans in all experiments. In Experiment 1, results demonstrated that Panzee likely attends to the same “spectro-temporal” cues in sine-wave and noise-vocoded speech that humans are sensitive to. In Experiment 2, Panzee showed a similar intelligibility pattern as a function of reversal-window length as found in human listeners. In Experiment 3, Panzee readily recognized words not only from a variety of familiar adult males and females, but also from unfamiliar adults and children of both sexes. Overall, results suggest that a combination of general auditory processing and sufficient exposure to meaningful spoken language is sufficient to account for speech-perception evidence previously proposed to require specialized, uniquely human mechanisms. These findings in turn suggest that speech-perception capabilities were already present in latent form in the common evolutionary ancestors of modern chimpanzees and humans.

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Mangenot, François. "Aides logicielles pour apprentis scripteurs en langue maternelle et en langue étrangère." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100091.

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L’EAO "classique" est aujourd’hui souvent critiqué car il ne tient compte ni des apports de la psychologie cognitive, ni des avancées en didactique des langues ou en psychopédagogie. Son utilité semble assez limitée en ce qui concerne l'apprentissage de la langue écrite. A l'opposé existent de nombreuses publications sur l'utilisation du traitement de texte et des logiciels de lexicométrie en langue maternelle. Mais entre ces deux utilisations de l'ordinateur comme tuteur ou comme outil, tout un champ semble resté en friches, celui des applications pédagogiques de l'ordinateur se basant sur une conception constructiviste : jeux linguistiques, logiciels de génération de texte, systèmes d'aide à l'écriture. La démarche consiste à considérer d'une manière dialectique d'une part les besoins d’une didactique de l'écriture plaçant l'activité de l’apprenti scripteur au centre de ses préoccupations, et d'autre part les nouveaux outils pouvant être mis au service des apprenants. Cela aboutit à des propositions d'activités d'écriture impliquant l’utilisation de l’ordinateur et pouvant contribuer à une acquisition plus efficace de la langue écrite et, plus généralement, à une meilleure conscience des fonctionnements langagiers. Les aspects cognitifs, sociaux et linguistiques mis en jeu lors de chacune de ces activités d’écriture sont étudiés Traditional CALL is often criticized as it doesn't take account of recent approaches in cognitive psychology, linguistics or psycho-pedagogy. This use of the computer as a tutor doesn’t seem to make much sense in the field of acquisition of writing skills. On the other hand, many publications are to be found about using the computer as a tool (word processor, concordance,. . . ). But between the tutor and the tool, a field has remained more or less unexplored, which considers the computer as a support for constructivist activities (language games, language generators, writing environments). This research proposes computer—based activities aimed at developing writing skills, and more generally language awareness, with novice writers. Cognitive, social and linguistical aspects at stake in these activities are studied here

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Gauthier, France. "Le micro-ordinateur, un média de recours pour l'enseignement du français /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Dekker, Lida. "A pilot study describing labor pain assessment and management documentation for limited English speaking patients in a community hospital." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2006/L_Dekker_120706.pdf.

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BUCHANAN, David, and daj@iinet net au. "A Bell in the Storm: Persistent unexplained pain and the language of the uncanny in the creative neurophenomenal reference." Edith Cowan University. Education And Arts: School Of International, Cultural And Community Studies, 2006. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0039.html.

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A Bell in the Storm - Persistent unexplained pain and the language of the uncanny in the creative neurophenomenal reference is a doctoral work comprised of three parts. Part 1 is an exegesis Persistent unexplained pain and the language of the uncanny in the creative neurophenomenal reference; Part 2 is The Plays, A Bell in the Storm (produced by deckchair theatre in May, 2005) and the radio play To Fall Without Landing (produced by the Australian Broadcasting Commission for Radio National in October 2005); and, Part 3 the book of monochord poems, Secrets of the Driftwood.

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Zlatica, Predojević. "Fluidodinamika protivstrujnog kontaktora gas-čvrsto-punjenje." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 1998. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=71441&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Apstrakt je obrađen tehnologijama za optičko prepoznavanje teksta (OCR).Istraživanja u ovom radu imala su za cilj da daju doprinos razja&scaron;njenju fluidodinamike sistema gas-čvrsto-punjenje i definisanju osnovnih karakteristika ovog sistema: pada pritiska i dinamičkog i statičkog sadržaja čvrste faze. Eksperimentalna merenja osnovnih fluidodinamičkih karakteristika sistema ostvarena su u zavisnosti od: uticaja brzina pokretnih faza (gasne i čvrste faze), tipa punjenja, veličine čestica čvrste faze i visine sloja punjenja. Ispitivanja su ostvarena na najče&scaron;će kori&scaron;ćenim komercijalnim punjenjima: Raschigovim prstenovima, Pall prstenovima, Intaloks sedlima i cilindričnim mrežicama, kao i do sada ne kori&scaron;ćenim punjenjima (keramičke kuglice i lomljeni kamen). Na osnovu eksperimentalnih podataka izvedene su korelacione jednačine za predviđanje pada pritiska i dinamičkog i statičkog sadržaja čvrste faze i granice između režima pre nakupljanja i nakupljanja u zavisnosti od osnovnih parametara kontaktora: brzina gasne i čvrste faze, veličina čestica čvrste faze i karakteristika punjenja. Kori&scaron;ćenjem dosada&scaron;njih literaturnih saznanja o uticaju operativnih parametara i osobina punjenja, gasa i čvrste faze na fluidodinamiku kontaktora gas-čvrsto-punjenje i sospstvenih eksperimentalnih rezultata proverena je validnost predloženih korelacija. Dobijeni zadovoljavajući rezultati predloženih korelacija pružaju mogućnost za predviđanje režima rada i fluidodinamičkih karakteristika ovog tipa kontaktora koji ima &scaron;iroku mogućnost primene u procesima toplotne razmene, adsorpcije, preči&scaron;ćavanja otpadnih gasova i hemijskim reakcijama.

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Stefan, Kostadinović. "Klinička efikasnost programa vežbi lumbalne stabilizacije i torakalne mobilizacije u sanaciji hroničnog lumbalnog bola." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107889&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Uvod: Individualno kreiran program vežbi lumbalne stabilizacije, mogao bi da doprinese boljem oporavku pacijenata sa hroničnim bolom u donjem delu leđa. Program vežbi u lečenju hroničnog lumbalnog bola je prilično raznolik, ali je dokazano da su vežbe stabilizacije najefikasnije, posebno vežbe u zatvorenom kinetičkom lancu. Cilj: je bio da se uporedi program vežbi lumbalne stabilizacije u otvorenom i zatvorenom kinetičkom lancu, u odnosu na program vežbi lumbalne stabilizacije i torakalne mobilizacije u zatvorenom kinetičkom lancu kao i da se proceni klinička efikasnost oba programa vežbi. Metode: Istraživanje je sprovedeno kao prospektivna, eksperimentalna studija na 80 ispitanika oba pola (35 mu&scaron;karaca, 45 žena), prosečne životne dobi (48.45+/- 10.22 godina) sa hroničnim lumbalnim bolom. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na Klinici za rehabilitaciju &bdquo;dr Miroslav Zotović“ u Beogradu u periodu od juna 2017. do marta 2018. godine. Ispitanici su podeljeni u dve grupe od 40 pacijenata. Prva grupa ispitanika je sprovodila program vežbi lumbalne stabilizacije i torakalne mobilizacije u zatvorenom kinetičkom lancu (LSTMZ), a druga program vežbi lumbalne stabilizacije u zatvorenom i otvorenom kinetičkom lancu (LSZO). Pored op&scaron;tih demografskih, antropometrijskih podataka o ispitanicima, kori&scaron;ćeni su sledeći upitnici i testovi: za procenu intenziteta bola u leđima i donjim ekstremitetima- vizuelna analogna skala (VAS), za procenu neuropatske komponente bola- DN4 (Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions), za procenu funkcionalnog statusa kori&scaron;ćen je Osvestrijev upitnik o onesposobljenosti (ODI), procena sagitalne pokretljivosti lumbosakralne kičme Schober testom, procena mi&scaron;ićne snage - manuelnim mi&scaron;ićnom testom; Ispitivanje senzitivnosti na ključnim senzornim tačkama za dermatome je vr&scaron;eno prema ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) skali, testom istezanja ishiadičnog (Lazarevićev) i femoralnog nerva ispitivano je prisustvo kompresije nervnih korenova, za procenu stabilnosti lumbosakralne kičme- je kori&scaron;ćen test nestabilnosti u proniranom položaju (Prone Instability test). Ispitanici su ergonomski edukovani, sprovedena je transkutana elektro-nervna stimulacija (TENS) i primenjivana je laseroterapija male snage. Pacijentima je određena osmonedeljna kineziterapija koja je obuhvatala vežbe za jačanje dubokih stabilizatora lumbalne kičme. Retestiranje je rađeno nakon 4 i 8 nedelja. Rezultati: Kod obe grupe ispitanika u svim intervalima merenja je nađena visoka statistički značajna (p< 0,001) redukcija intenziteta bola prema VAS skali za lumbalnu kičmu i donje ekstremitete,   pobolj&scaron;anje funkcionalnog statusa (Oswestry) i sagitalne pokretljivosti (Schober). Statistički značajan (p<0,05) oporavak ispitanika grupe 1 u odnosu na grupu 2, ostvaren je u svim intervalima merenja kod parametara: Intenzitet bola (VAS LS i VAS za nogu), stepen onesposobljenosti (ODI),vrednost motornog skora za trup merenog ASIA skalom i vrednost neuropatske komponente bola (DN4). Statistički značajan (p< 0,05) oporavak ispitanika u grupi 2 u odnosu na grupu 1, ostvaren je posle 8 nedelja kod parametra za procenu vrednosti  senzornog skora dodir prema ASIA skali. Utvrđeno je da veće početne vrednosti intenziteta bola prema skalama Vas ls i Vas za nogu i stepena onesposobljenosti prema ODI, negativno utiču na krajnji ishod ovih parametara kod pacijenata sa HLB-om u obe grupe (p<0,05). Pacijenti sa pozitivnom neuropatskom komponentom bola imaju lo&scaron;iji ishod lečenja HLB-a vežbama stabilizacije i torakalne mobilizacije (p<0,05). Zaključci: Pacijenti koji su radili program vežbi lumbalne stabilizacije i torakalne mobilizacije u zatvorenom kinetičkom lancu su imali bolji funkcionalni oporavak i značajniju redukciju intenziteta bola u odnosu na ispitanike koji su radili program vežbi lumbalne stabilizacije u zatvorenom i otvorenom kinetičkom lancu. Introduction: An individual program of lumbar stabilization exercises could contribute to a better recovery of patients with chronic lower back pain. The exercise program in the treatment of chronic lumbar pain is quite diverse, but it has been proven that stabilization exercises are most effective, especially in a closed kinetic chain. Objective: was to compare the program of lumbar stabilization exercises in the open and closed kinetic chain, in relation to the program of lumbar stabilization exercises and thoracic mobilization in a closed kinetic chain, and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of both exercise programs. Methods: The study was conducted as a prospective, experimental study of 80 subjects of both sexes (35 men, 45 women), average life expectancy (48.45 +/- 10.22 years) with chronic lumbar pain. The research was conducted at the Rehabilitation Clinic "Dr. Miroslav Zotović" in Belgrade in the period from June 2017 to March 2018. Respondents were divided into two groups of 40 patients. The first group of respondents carried out a lumbar stabilization and thoracic mobilization program in a closed kinetic chain (LSTMZ) and the second, program of lumbar stabilization exercises in closed and open kinetic chain (LSZO). In addition to general demographic, anthropometric data on respondents, the following questionnaires and tests were used: for assessing the intensity of back pain and lower extremities - visual analogue scale (VAS), for assessing the neuropathic pain component DN4 (Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions),  for functional status assessment was used Oswestry disability index (ODI), for assessment of sagittal mobility of the lumbosacral spine- Schober test, muscular strength assessment - manual muscle test; Sensitivity testing at key sensory points for dermatomas was performed according to the ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) scale, stretching test of the ishiadic (Lazarević) and femoral nerves was udes for detection of nerve root irritation, and the Prone Instability test was used to assess the stability of the lumbosacral spine. Respondents were ergonomically educated, transcutaneous electrical-nerve stimulation (TENS) and low-power laser therapy were performed. Patients were given an eight-week kinesiotherapy that included exercises to strengthen the deep lumbar spine stabilizers. Retesting was done after 4 and 8 weeks. Results: In both groups of subjects, high statistically significant (p <0.001) reduction of pain intensity to VAS scale for lumbar spine and for the leg, functional disability (Oswestry) sagital mobility of lumbar spine (Schober) improvement were found at all measurement intervals. The statistically significant (p <0.05) recovery of group 1 subjects compared to group 2 was achieved at all measurement intervals in the parameters: Pain intensity (VAS LS and VAS for the leg), degree of disability (ODI), motor score value for the trunk measured by the ASIA scale and the value of the neuropathic pain component (DN4). Statistically significant (p <0.05) recovery of group 2 subjects compared to group 2 was achieved after 8 weeks with the parameter for assessing the sensory touch score value to the ASIA scale. It has been found that higher initial pain intensity values to VAS ls and VAS for leg and degree of disability to ODI, negatively affect the final outcome of these parameters in patients with chronic low back pain in both groups of subject (p<0,05). Patients with a positive neuropathic pain component have a lower outcome of chronic low back pain treatment with lumbar stabilization and thoracic mobilization exercises (p<0,05). Conclusions: Patients who performed lumbar stabilization and thoracic mobilization exercises program in a closed kinetic chain had better functional recovery and a significant reduction in pain intensity compared to respondents who performed a lumbar stabilization program in a closed and open kinetic chain.

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Goran, Petaković. "Uporedna analiza rezultata operativnog lečenja ingvinalnih hernija beztenzionim i konvencionalnim tehnikama." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=92891&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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UVOD: Ingvinalna hernioplastika predstavlja najučestaliju operaciju u abdominalnoj hirurgiji. U istorijatu herniologije su se razvijale različite ideje, te iz njih nastale operativne metode, koje su imale za cilj formiranje kvalitetnog vezivnog tkiva na mestu kilnog defekta. Danas postoje brojne hirur&scaron;ke tehnike, bazirane na tenzionim ili beztenzionim principima, uz primenu hirur&scaron;kih mrežica, otvorenim pristupom, kao i laparoskopskim tehnikama. Zajednički cilj navedenih metoda je kreiranja idealne hernioplastike ingvinalnih kila. I pored postojanja ogromnog broja hirur&scaron;kih procedura i tehnika, jo&scaron; uvek ne postoji tzv. »prava hernioplastika« koja bi zadovoljila sve potrebne zahteve vezane za problem ingvinalnih hernija. CILJ I HIPOTEZA: Cilj rada je bio da se napravi uporedna analiza između dve različite hirur&scaron;ke tehnike otvorenim pristupom, konvencionalne tenzione suturne hernioplastike, te beztenzione tehnike, uz kori&scaron;ćenje hirur&scaron;kih mrežica ( mesh ). Kori&scaron;ćeni su sledeći parametri tokom istraživanja: određivanje nivoa postoperativnog bola prema numeričkoj skali, vizuelno-analognoj te kategorijskoj skali bola; određivanje samostalne fizičke aktivnosti; (savijanje nogu, naprezanje trbu&scaron;nih mi&scaron;ića, ustajanje) u neposrednom postoperativnom periodu; gradacija nivoa mi&scaron;ićne snage, određivanje vremenskog perioda kada se pacijenti uspevaju vratiti svojim svakodnevnim aktivnostima i radnim obavezama; određivanje stope postoperativnog morbiditeta i mortaliteta te određivanje stope ranog recidiva bolesti. RADNA HIPOTEZA: Beztenzionu ingvinalnu hernioplastiku karakteri&scaron;e znatno manja operativna trauma, &scaron;to ima za posledicu manji lokalni i generalizovani odgovor organizma na stres. Kod bolesnika operisanih beztenzionom metodom očekuje se manji intenzitet bola, kraće zadržavanje u hospitalnim uslovima, manji procenat postoperativnih komplikacija, brži povratak uobičajenim fizičkim i radnim aktivnostima i znatno manji stepen recidiva bolesti. Pretpostavlja se da beztenziona ingvinalna hernioplastika u poređenju sa konvencionalnom uzrokuje manju nelagodnost za pacijente, znatno manji postoperativni bol i bolju mi&scaron;ićnu aktivnost. Pobolj&scaron;anje mi&scaron;ićne aktivnosti ogleda se u lak&scaron;oj vertikalizaciji, kvalitetnijem kretanju uz manje bolan hod, bez povijanja tela na stranu operativne rane. MATERIJAL I METODE: Istraživanje je prospektivna, kliničko- statistička studija sa praćenjem parametara (preoperativnih, intraoperativnih i postoperativnih) kod svakog operisanog bolesnika. Studija je obuhvatila seriju od 200 pacijenata hospitalizovanih na Klinici za abdominalnu, endokrinu i transplantacionu hirurgiju Kliničkog centra Vojvodine, od decembra 2002. do avgusta 2007.godine, svrstanih u dve jednake grupe po 100 pacijenata, odabranih metodom slučajnog izbora. Prva, ispitivana grupa obuhvatila je pacijente operisane beztenzionim procedurama, druga, kontrolna grupa je obuhvatila pacijente operisane konvencionalnim, tenzionim tehnikama. Kori&scaron;ćeni metod rada je kliničko statistički sa praćenjem svih potrebnih fiziolo&scaron;kih parametara, a dobijeni rezultati su analizirani i međusobno upoređivani statističkim metodama multifaktorijalne analize. Pronađene vrednosti su međusobno upoređene parametrijskim i neparametrijskim testovima značajnosti na nivou p<0.05. REZULTATI: komparacija između dve ispitivane grupe je vr&scaron;ena tokom preoperativnog, intraoperativnog i postoperativnog perioda, različitim statističkim parametrima. Konstatovana je, statističkom analizom, homogenost grupa u smislu starosne dobi i polne distribucije, kao i lokalnog preoperativnog nalaza vezanog za tip, veličinu i lokalizaciju kila, kao i spram klasifikacije hernija. U sledećim parametrima je ustanovljena statistički signifikantna razlika: postoperativni bol, gradacija mi&scaron;ićne snage, rana fizička aktivnost, količina utro&scaron;enih analgetika, dužina hospitalizacije, prisutnost obostranih kila, povratak radnim aktivnostima i obavezama, postoperativne komplikacije i recidiv bolesti. Dobijeni podaci su prikazani tabelarno, te delom u vidu grafikona i dijagrama. ZAKLJUČCI: 1. Kod pacijenata operisanih beztenzionom metodom evidentan je znatno manji postoperativni bol i brži oporavak i povratak uobičajnim dnevnim i radnim aktivnostima 2. Proceduru treba izvoditi u svim slučajevima sa prisutnim velikim defektima i razorenim zadnjim zidom ingvinalnog kanala 3 Beztenzionu hernioplastiku karakteri&scaron;e manji broj recidiva u poređenju sa otvorenim tenzionim hernioplastikama. 4. Pacijenti sa bilateralnim ingvinalnim i recidivnim hernijama imaju punu indikaciju za izvođenje beztenzione herioplastike sa ugradnjom mesh-a. 5. Preduslov za uspe&scaron;no obavljenu beztenzionu hernioplastiku je primena dovoljno velike proteze, odnosno mesh-a, dimenzija 15 x 10 cm. INTRODUCTION: Inguinal hernioplasty is the most common surgical procedure in abdominal surgery. In the history of herniology have developed different ideas, and from them emerged operational methods, which are aimed at educating quality of connective tissue at the site of the hernia defect. Nowadays, there are numerous surgical techniques, based on the tensioned or tension-free principles, with the use of surgical mesh for open access as well as laparoscopic techniques. Common goal of these methods is creating ideal inguinal hernioplasty despite the existence of a huge number of surgical procedures and techniques, there is still no so-called »Proper hernioplasty " that would satisfy all the necessary requirements related to the problem of inguinal hernia. AIM AND HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to make a comparative analysis between two different open access surgical techniques conventional tension hernioplasty and tension-free techniques, with the use of surgical mesh .The following parameters were used during the research: determining the level of postoperative pain according to a numerical scale, visual analogue scale and categorical scale of pain; determining the initial independent physical activities: (bending the legs, straining abdominal muscles, getting up) in the immediate postoperative period; gradation levels of muscular strength, determination period when patients can return to their usual daily activities and work duties; determining the rate of postoperative morbidity and mortality and to determine rates of early recurrence of the disease. WORKING HYPOTHESIS: Tension-free inguinal hernioplasty characterized by significantly less operative trauma, which results in smaller local and generalized body's response to stress. In patients operated by the tension. free method is expected to lower the intensity of pain, a shorter stay in the hospital setting, a smaller percentage of postoperative complications, faster return to normal physical and occupational activities and much lower degree of disease recurrence. It is assumed that the tensional. free inguinal hernioplasty compared with conventional causes less discomfort for patients, significantly less postoperative pain and better muscle activity. Better muscle activity is reflected in a facilitated mobilization, quality of movement and less painful gait, without bending the body at the side of the surgical wound. MATHERIAL AND METHODS: The research was a prospective, clinical-statistical study of the monitoring parameters (preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative) in each of the operated patients. The study involved a series of 200 patients hospitalized at the Clinic for Abdominal, Endocrine and Transplantation Surgery, Clinical Center Vojvodine, from December 2002 to August 2007, divided into two groups of 100 patients, randomly chosen. First, the test group consisted of patients operated by the tension-free procedures, the other, the control group consisted of patients operated on conventional techniques. The method used is the work of clinical statistical tracking of all necessary physiological parameters, and the results were analyzed and compared with each other with multivariate statistical methods of analysis. Found values are compared with each other parametric and non-parametric tests of significance at p <0.05. RESULTS: The comparison between the two study groups was performed during the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative period, using various statistical parameters. It was noted using the statistical analysis, the homogenity of the groups in terms of age and sex distribution, as well as local preoperative findings related to the type, size and location pounds as well as towards the classification of hernias. In the following parameters is statistically significant difference: postoperative pain, graduations of muscle strength, healing of physical activity, the quantity of analgesics, length of hospitalization, the presence of bilateral hernias, the return of work activities and responsibilities, postoperative complications and recurrence. The data are presented in tables, and partly in the form of graphs and charts. CONCLUSIONS: 1. In patients operated by the tension-free obvious method is significantly less postoperative pain and faster recovery and return to usual daily and work activities 2. The procedure should be performed in all cases with the presence of large defects and lacerated back wall of the inguinal canal 3. Tension-free hernioplasty is characterized by a smaller number of recurrence compared with conventional hernioplasty 4. Patients with bilateral inguinal hernias and recurrent have a full indication of the performance of the tension-free hernioplasty with the installation of mesh. 5. A prerequisite for the successful work carried out tension-free hernioplasty application is large enough prosthesis ( mesh ), measuring 15 x 10 cm.

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Aleksandar, Knežević. "Uticaj primene opšte intravenske anestezije na kvalitet kolonoskopske procedure." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107187&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Sve veća potreba za izvođenjem kolonoskopije u dijagnostičke ili terapijske svrhe nameće potrebu za usavr&scaron;avanjem ove endoskopske procedure. Izvođenje kolonoskopije u op&scaron;toj, intravenskoj anesteziji, moglo bi u značajnoj meri olak&scaron;ati njeno izvođenje, pobolj&scaron;ati podno&scaron;enje ove procedure od strane ispitanika i omogućiti otkrivanje većeg broja pacijenata sa potencijalno malignim bolestima debelog creva. Cilj ispitivanja je bio utvrditi da li primena op&scaron;te intravenske anestezije tokom kolonoskopije povećava broj totalnih kolonoskopija i skraćuje vreme intubacije cekuma, povećava broj viđenih patolo&scaron;kih procesa i smanjuje osećaj bola i učestalost neželjenih reakcija. Primena op&scaron;te intravenske anestezije značajno je povećala broj totalnih kolonoskopija u 94.3% ispitanika u odnosu na 78.7% totalnih kolonoskopija kontrolne grupe i skratila vreme intubacije cekuma, značajno je povećala broj viđenih patolo&scaron;kih promena u 46.7% ispitanika u odnosu na broj viđenih patolo&scaron;kih promena u 28.8% ispitanika kontrolne grupe i značajno je smanjila intenzitet bola i učestalost neželjenih reakcija. U kontrolnoj grupi ispitanika skalom bola nakon kolonoskopije ustanovljen je značajno veći intenzitet bola u poređenju sa ispitanicima ekperimentalne grupe. Na Likertovoj skali zadovoljstva ustanovljena je značajno bolja kontrola bola i lični stav lekara u ekperimentalnoj grupi, dok su poseta ustanovi i procedura, razumevanje procedure, tehnička ve&scaron;tina lekara, lični stav medicinskih sestara i drugog tehničkog osoblja značajno bolje ocenjeni u kontrolnoj grupi. Od svih ispitivanih faktora na zadovoljstvo obe grupe pacijenata značajno su uticali: način izvođenja procedure, bol, uočene patolo&scaron;ke promene i intubacija cekuma. U kontrolnoj grupi ispitanika između skale zadovoljstva i skale bola ustanovljena je značajna negativna korelacija. U kontrolnoj grupi se 80,1% pacijenata izjasnilo da bi ponovnu kolonoskopiju uradili u op&scaron;toj intravenskoj anesteziji u poređenju sa svim pacijentima eksperimentalne grupe koji ne bi menjali način izvođenja ponovne procedure. Primena op&scaron;te intravenske anestezije tokom kolonoskopije povećava broj totalnih kolonoskopija i uočenih patolo&scaron;kih promena, smanjuje učestalost i intenzitet neželjenih reakcija povećavajući zadovoljstvo pacijenata, &scaron;to bi prevashodno moglo imati značaja u skriningu karcinoma debelog creva. Potrebno je pro&scaron;iriti ispitivanje primene op&scaron;te intravenske anestezije u drugim endoskopskim procedurama kako bi bila uvedena u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi. An increasing need to perform colonoscopy for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes imposed the need for mastering this endoscopic procedure. Performing colonoscopy in general intravenous anesthesia could greatly ease the procedure, make it more comfortable for patients and it could enable detecting a higher number of patients with occult malignant diseases of the colon. The aim of this paper was to determine if the implementation of general intravenous anesthesia during colonoscopy increases the number of total colonoscopies and shortens the time of cecum intubation, increases the number of familiar pathological processes and decreases the sensation of pain as well as the frequency of side reactions. The implementation of general intravenous anesthesia has significantly increased the number of total colonoscopies in 94.3% of examined patients in relation to 78.7% of total colonoscopies of the control group and shortened the time of cecum intubation. It has significantly increased the number of familiar pathological changes in 46.7% of the patients in relation to the number of familiar pathological changes in 28.8% patients of the control group and significantly decreased pain intensity and the frequency of side reactions. A statistically greater pain intensity after colonoscopy was determined by the pain scale in the control group in comparison to the examinees of the experimental group. Likert satisfaction scale has shown that the experiment group assessed pain control and doctors’ opinion as significantly better, while the institution visits and the procedure, understanding the procedure, doctors’ technical skills, nurses’ and technical personnel’s personal opinions were assessed as significantly better in the control group. Out of all the examined factors on the satisfaction of both groups, the following ones had a significant inluence: the way the procedure was done, the level of pain, detected pathological changes and cecum intubation. A significanlty negative correlation was determined between the scale of satisfaction and the scale of pain in the control group. 80.1% of the control group patients stated that they would undergo a general anesthesia colonoscopy again in comparison to all the patients of the experimental group who would not change the way the procedure was previously done. The implementation of general intravenous anesthesia in the course of colonoscopy increases the number of total colonoscopies and detected pathological changes, decreases the frequency and intensity of side-effects therefore it enhances patients' sastisfaction, which could play a major role in colon cancer screening. It is necessary to extend the implementation of general intravenous anesthesia in other endoscopic procedures in order to introduce it in everyday clinical practice.

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