Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paiements de transfert – Burkina Faso'
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Tonguet-Papucci, Audrey. "Evaluation de transferts monétaires saisonniers et pluriannuels pour la prévention de la malnutrition aiguë : le projet MAM’Out." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02948478.
Full textChild wasting is a public health issue but evidence gaps remain concerning preventive strategies not primarily based on food products. Cash transfers, increasingly implemented in emergency and developing contexts, have the potential to prevent under-nutrition by acting on several underlying causes including food insecurity, access to basic services and goods. However, to date, no study with a strong design explored the link between seasonal unconditional cash transfers (UCTs) and the prevention of acute malnutrition. UCTs were proven to have positive effects on food availability and food access. Inconsistent evidence was reported concerning the effects of UCTs on the quality of children’s diet, health care and psychosocial well-being of families benefiting from UCTs. In this framework, the MAM’Out research project was launched to assess the effects of multiannual seasonal UCT targeted to women on the prevention of child acute malnutrition in rural areas of Burkina Faso. In this two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial, one group benefited from cash transfers via mobile phones during 5 months yearly and the other arm was a comparison group. Qualitative data were collected each month of the cash transfer period for two years among various participants. The two main declared domains of expenses were food and health care for the child and the whole family. The program was also associated with positive perceived changes at the household level, mainly related to gender equality and improvement of women’s status, and favored the social integration of the poorest at the community level through cash sharing. Unexpected reported effects of this program included increased pregnancy plans of some women. The effect of cash transfer on diet quality was assessed using two 24h-dietary recall surveys carried out in July and August 2014 on a subsample of children from both arms. Results showed that seasonal UCT are associated with improved child’s diet among 14 to 29-month old children, particularly higher consumption of animal products, higher intake of iron rich or iron fortified food and higher fat and vitamins B12 intake compared to the control group. No difference was found for energy and protein intake between both groups. Moreover, two third of the children from the cash group had an adequate minimum dietary diversity compared to only one third in the control group. However, children from both groups had a suboptimal quality of diet during the lean season. Besides, anthropometric measurements and morbidity were recorded on quarterly basis for more than two years. Children in the intervention group had a lower risk of self-reported respiratory tract infection compared to children in the control group. However, neither the number of cumulative episode of wasting nor the end point anthropometric markers of nutritional status differ between children from the intervention and control group. Seasonal UCT should be considered when looking at actions to improve child’s diet in the framework of safety net programs. As far as the reduction of child wasting is concerned, an integrated approach combining cash and one or several other components identified as a key factors leading to acute malnutrition in the region should be preferred
Drabo, Issa. "Comment se nourrit le yatenga aujourd'hui ? : un exemple de transfert de céréales avec la Kossi." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100144.
Full textSince the colonial period and particularly since the great drought in the beginning of the 70's, as far as food production is concerned the yatenga (north-western part of Burkina Faso) knows a series of "bad" years. This production crisis coupled with the food problems which follow from that are not only explained by the pejoration of the ecological conditions but by the pratices conceived by human beings with a view to softening the harmful effects which exacerbate them in the end. In the face of the sbeer seale of the food producing gap (a non-stop cereal producing gap) the old systems of endogenous regulations for the satisfaction of the food consumytion needs turn out to be inefficacious. In the face of such problems this society has its awn solutions which are : emigration (particularly movements related to the "farm colonization" in the western part of Burkina (Kossi), the resort to toher sources of income means (not necessarily related to agricultural ones) and shopping at the markets that last soluton is derived from the consequences of the first one. Food security that area is benceforth insured through. .
Compaoré, Pabegwendé Nestorine. "Femmes, développement et transfert de technologies, le cas des presses à Karité au Burkina Faso." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ52144.pdf.
Full textOuedraogo, Issaka. "Modélisation et optimisation d'une toiture bioclimatique pour la climatisation passive d'un habitat type du Burkina Faso." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP1074.
Full textThis work is devoted to numerical study of passive cooling passive cooling in a bioclimatic habitat adapted to the hot and dry tropical climates of Burkina Faso. The roof is designed to provide natural ventilation inside the habitat. The equations which govern the transfers in the roof and habitat are deduced by analogy between the laws of thermal transfer and those electric transfers. An iterative procedure is necessary because the coefficients of heat transfers by convection and radiations are a function of the temperatures of the various mediums which are unknown. These equations are solved by using an implicit numerical method and “Diabolo Sablier” algorithm. We have analyzed the roof orientation, of it tilt angle, of the nature of the materials, height of the chimney on air temperature inside habitat and the flow of air by natural convection inside the roof. The results of the simulations of transfers inside a habitat with bioclimatic roof presented her show that the temperature inside habitat is certainly reduced compared with outside temperature but does not reach the one recommended by thermal comfort. We therefore use Peltier modules to bring down air temperature at the entrance of the habitat and to increase natural ventilation generated by the roof. Modules Peltier are supplied by a photovoltaic system which can also have other socioeconomic applications. The advantage of this model is that it capitalizes on the triangular relation climate-habitat-occupants while respecting the environment and minimizing the ecological impact
Ouedraogo, François. "Etude des transferts d'eau à l'interface sol-atmosphère : cas d'un sol du Burkina Faso à faible teneur en eau." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20235.
Full textThe transfer of water at the soil-atmosphere interface is addressed through a thermo dynamical approach which constitutes a general framework for describing both the thermodynamical status of the water in the soil and the transfer mechanisms at stake: liquid phase filtration, water vapor diffusion, liquid-vapor phase change. An experimental characterization of a soil has been carried out and completed with bibliographical data. Experimental tests of water transfer in columns of the same soil, placed in drying atmosphere enabled the establishment of the global kinetic of water loss and the evolution of the profiles of the water content through time. A numerical simulation of the water transfer in the neighborhood of the interface is proposed. A study about the sensitiveness to the physical parameters of the soil is presented. The results of the numerical model are then compared with the tests of the transfer on the columns. The correspondence is good on the basis of an adjustment of the hydrologic parameters as mentioned in the literature. Water and vapor fluxes evolutions in low water content soils allow the description of transfer mechanisms near the interface. It is shown that the phase change which ensures the continuity of the transfers between the soil and the atmosphere relates to a few centimeters of the soil under that interface
Ringtoumda, Félicité. "Les représentations de la vulgarisation agricole en milieu rural au Burkina Faso, analysées en regard du transfert des apprentissages, contribution à l'approche du phénomène de transfert des apprentissages." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ54030.pdf.
Full textLingani, Oumar. "Transferts d’apprentissage et domaines de connaissances dans les écoles bilingues dioula/français au Burkina Faso : les mathématiques au primaire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100035/document.
Full textStudents have difficulties in using their language skills for learning mathematics and this has consequences on their motivation and academic performance. From his/her multilingual environment, the Burkinabe child comes to school with a lot of knowledge, representations, and the sum of his/her life experiences. With this " already there ", the child should not be a "head to fill," but rather a learner to "feed" and support, in order for him/her to build his/her own knowledge. This implies the need for the student to be placed at the center of the learning process. Every learning situation involves difficulties, and we opted for studying those faced by learners in mathematics, in order to finally propose possible solutions for teaching / learning mathematics in Jula and French in bilingual schools. Despite references to the theories of didactic situations, our research doesn’t relate exclusively to the teaching of mathematics. The objective is primarily linguistic, as our description of the corpus emphasizes the analysis of verbal exchanges during sequences of mathematics in bilingual classes.Our corpus included filming repeatedly a bilingual school (Lafiabougou "B" in Burkina Faso), and transcribing sequences according to the CLAN software.Given the analysis of class sequences, we conclude pointing at the need for teachers to form representations of how the oral and written L1 one hand, and oral and written L2, work. They should build bridges between L1 and L2 at different levels of organization of the sequence of mathematics. In addition, it is crucial that the teacher conducts its teaching so that the student faces knowledge and builds meta-knowledge, which means establishing relationships between learning transfer and metacognition. Learning a language requires a bulk of language skills. It is important too to distinguish the levels of development of language skills, and to consider their impact on learning. This requires to focus on metalinguistic behavior and comparing L1 and L2. The students also face difficulties related to the language behavior of teachers, particularly their tendency to repeat literally, not to restate or rephrase (Noyau, 2010). We suggest in our conclusions to focus on didactic reformulations between L1 and L2 in training teachers
Ouedraogo, Francois. "Etude des transferts d'eau à l'interface sol-atmoshpère. Cas d'un sol du Burkina Faso à faible teneur en eau." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731139.
Full textTiemtoré, Windpouiré Zacharia. "Les technologies de l’information et de la communication dans l’éducation en Afrique subsaharienne : du mythe à la réalité : le cas des écoles de formation des enseignants au Burkina Baso." Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199259/fr/.
Full textThis research explores the consequences of introducing information and communication technologies (ICT) in the field of education in Sub-Saharan Africa. It seeks to identify, from a social policy perspective, the differences between the discourse adopted by differing social actors and actual field practice. The study is based on the integration of technologies in teacher training in Burkina Faso, where there are high levels of poverty and illiteracy. This work tries to show that the integration of the ICT in education, whose declared objective is to resolve structural, institutional and teaching problems, as well as reducing the socio-economic in-balance with other industrialized countries, is largely utopian, given the actual state of development in Burkina Faso – a utopia resulting from a mythical understanding of technology. After the presentation of the context of the research, (Chapter 1), the second chapter offers a review of the relevant literature and the theoretical approaches underpinning the research. Chapter 3 explains the methodology. The final chapter presents the results of the analysis, combining data from direct observation, official texts and interviews (25) with educators and politicians
D’Ostie-Racine, Léna. "Evaluation use within a humanitarian non-governmental organization’s health care user-fee exemption program in West Africa." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16044.
Full textEvaluation of humanitarian action (EHA) is increasingly deployed as a means to enhance accountability, transparency, and efficiency of humanitarian programs aimed at reducing health inequities and promoting global health. EHA has become a vital tool for program stakeholders, funding agencies, and policy-makers seeking to render practice and decision-making more evidence-based. However, considerable uncertainty remains about evaluation use (EU), as EHA is frequently conducted without being used. Moreover, conditions that influence EU vary across contexts and their applicability in humanitarian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) remains unclear. Program evaluators, stakeholders, and policy-makers in humanitarian contexts have little guidance to support long-term EU, given that few studies have documented EU and its conditions over time. The aim of the present qualitative thesis is to shed light on these issues by documenting EU and the conditions influencing it over a 29-month period within an evaluation strategy embedded into a humanitarian NGO’s health care user fee exemption program. To facilitate access to care, the exemption program subsidized the health service fees of mothers, children under five, and indigents in health districts of Niger and Burkina Faso—West African Sahel regions where food crises and poverty have engendered high rates of malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality. Initial evaluation of the exemption program in Niger led to development of the evaluation strategy subsequently integrated into the same program developed in 2008 in Burkina Faso. The thesis consists of three articles. The first presents an evaluability assessment (EA), a preliminary step undertaken to determine whether an EU evaluation was feasible. Results showed the evaluation strategy’s logic was coherent and plausible, data was accessible, and evaluation strategy stakeholders deemed an EU study to be useful. The second article documents how stakeholders engaged in EU and how it served them and advanced the NGO’s mission. Results showed that stakeholders used findings instrumentally, conceptually, and persuasively, but used evaluation processes only instrumentally and conceptually. The third article identifies the conditions stakeholders saw as influencing EU over time. Key influential conditions were users’ attitudes toward evaluation, stakeholders’ interactions and communications, and evaluators’ skill in producing and sharing evaluation-based knowledge tailored to users’ needs. This thesis furthers knowledge on EU in the humanitarian action context and provides practical recommendations for stakeholders of NGOs.
Hébert, Catherine. "La vidéo comme outil de transfert de connaissances en santé publique au Burkina Faso : comparaison de trois genres narratifs." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22735.
Full textIn Africa, a continent where malaria is prevalent, fever is the main reason for medical consultation. Studies on the use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Burkina Faso have shown, however, that an increasing proportion of acute febrile diseases are not related to malaria (Bottger et al., 2017). Some of these cases could be dengue fever, as an epidemic of this disease was declared in Burkina Faso in 2013, followed by a new outbreak in 2016. However, Burkinabe health workers have not received adequate training to treat dengue fever (Munoz et al., 2015). This is a public health problem, since it is known that early detection and access to appropriate medical care can reduce mortality rates to below 1%. Video could help fill this training gap, as it is an effective knowledge transfer tool (Armstrong, Idriss, & Kim, 2011; Fiorella & Mayer, 2018; Yeung, Justice, & Pasic, 2009). However, its use has been little studied in relation to narrative genre. The present study therefore aimed to evaluate the relative effectiveness of three videos adopting different narrative genres (1-journalism, 2- drama, 3-graphic animation) in improving the knowledge of Burkinabe healthcare providers. It also aimed to determine what narrative elements enhance video as a knowledge transfer tool. The videos were tested with nursing students (n = 482) in Ouagadougou using a knowledge questionnaire. Three focus groups were held with students (n = 46), and individual interviews were conducted with health professionals (n = 10).
Mc, Sween-Cadieux Esther. "Évaluation de stratégies de transfert de connaissances mises en œuvre dans le cadre du programme Équité-Santé au Burkina Faso." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22686.
Full textThe use of research-based evidence (RBE) is essential for informing health policies, programs and practices, especially in low-income countries where population health indicators are still alarming. However, there are still few studies to understand how to improve knowledge translation (KT) processes and research utilisation, especially in West Africa. Thus, this thesis aims to advance the body of knowledge by evaluating different KT strategies in public health implemented in Burkina Faso as part of a research program Équité-Santé (2012-2017). These KT strategies were intended to create exchange opportunities between researchers and potential RBE users and thus reduce the gap between health research knowledge and its use. Three different KT strategies were studied: 1) a research dissemination workshop, 2) a deliberative workshop and 3) a knowledge brokering strategy. They involved a diversity of health system actors such as researchers, policymakers, health professionals and representatives of non-governmental organizations and civil society. An evaluation of the implementation and effects was conducted for both workshops and only an evaluation of the implementation process was conducted for the knowledge brokering strategy, because the initiative came to an early end. Complementary methodological approaches were mobilized during evaluation and different data collection tools were used (qualitative interviews, evaluation questionnaires and field observations). The evaluation results show that stakeholders have appreciated the KT strategies because they learned new knowledge and had a networking opportunity to learn from each other. However, these experiences have brought to light several issues such as the actors’ limited decision-making authority, weak engagement of political actors as well as scarce resources and organizational incentives. The presence of a strong leadership during implementation, partnership synergy, continuous communication skills’ development and long-term support to stakeholder also represent important challenges to assure an effective implementation of KT strategies. More studies are needed to implement KT strategies and evaluate their effectiveness. Based on the results, some general recommendations can be made. For example, it appears important that KT strategies are in line with stakeholders’ needs and resources, facilitate capacity building and include a real-time evaluative process to enable KT strategies to be constantly adapted to the implementation context. In conclusion, the thesis contributes to the advancement of knowledge about KT in global health by proposing a conceptual model to be considered and experimented during KT development and implementation.
Ouédraogo, Ousséni. "Mercure, arsenic et sélénium au Burkina Faso : bioaccumulation, transfert trophique dans les systèmes aquatiques et évaluation de bioaccessibilité chez les humains." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9103.
Full textMining of gold is one of the human activities that have increased the inputs of trace elements into the environment. Mercury (Hg) arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) are trace elements that are of environmental importance. Under aquatic environmental conditions, they can be transformed into organic forms which can bioaccumulate through aquatic food webs to reach high concentrations in predatory fish posing harmful effects to wildlife and humans due to their toxicological properties. This study assessed mercury (Hg), arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) levels in aquatic systems and their potential health risk for humans and wildlife in African sub-Saharan region of Burkina Faso where small scale gold mining practices are widespread. Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of Hg and Se through food webs were also assessed. Human Hg exposure from fish consumption was also assessed in vitro by measure of bioaccessibility as proxy of Hg bioavailability to improve risk assessment. Water and fish levels of these elements were relatively low and did not reveal an important impact of gold mining activities. However some fish, mainly from deepest reservoirs, exhibited Hg concentrations above the international marketing limit of 500 ngHg/g (w.w.) recommended by WHO/FAO. These levels may be harmful for these fish and their predators including human. However, when taking into account the antagonistic effect of Se on Hg toxicity, up to 99 % of all fish could be protected from Hg toxicity by their Se content. When considering both As/Se and Se/Hg antagonism, 83% instead the 99% of fish should be considered safe for consumption. Stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) allowed us to draw food webs structure and pathways of Hg and Se bioaccumulation and biomagnification through food webs. We reported that food webs structure were similar across the three reservoirs. Many fish were found to rely on littoral habitat and were associated with short food chains (3-4 levels). However isotopic analyses were not sufficient to understand seasonal variation of Hg from fish linked to seasonal variation of main food items and subsequent analyses of gut contents suggest that stomach content analysis and invertebrate functional groups dynamics may be complementary to isotopic analysis in ecosystem dynamics studies. Bioaccessibility assessment indicated that cooking and addition of tea or coffee led to very low levels of Hg bioaccessibility suggesting that Hg bioaccessibilty from fish can be modified by cooking and by the co-ingestion of tea and coffee. These in vitro results should be further validated using in vivo approaches with animal models, thereby for each community, risk assessment should consider the impact of dietary habits on mercury bioavailability.
Lavallière, Flavie Camille. "Le transfert du concept d'économie sociale et solidaire entre les OCI québécoises et les ONG burkinabées." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4286/1/M12230.pdf.
Full textRamdé, Pascal. "L’appropriation du changement de politiques universitaires par les acteurs en Afrique subsaharienne, entre le local et le global : le cas de la réforme Licence-Master-Doctorat au Burkina Faso." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19859.
Full textZombré, David. "La gratuité des soins associée à l’amélioration de la qualité des soins est-elle efficace pour maintenir l’utilisation des services à long terme et améliorer la santé infantile au Burkina Faso ?" Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22580.
Full textIntroduction: Improving financial access to health care is believed to be essential for reducing the burden of child morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings, but the available evidence on the relationship between increased access and health remains scarce and the long-term issues are still unknown. In the specific context of the Sahel region in Burkina Faso where high levels of morbidity and malnutrition coincide with low health care use, a pilot intervention for free health care including quality of care improvement and management of malnutrition at the community level was implemented in September 2008. Objectives: Using statistical and epidemiological approaches applied to cross-sectional and time series data, this thesis aims to provide a better understanding of how the presence of intervention in communities can increase and maintain long-term use of health services and improve the health of children under five years. The specific objectives are: 1) to evaluate the long-term effects of the intervention on the use of health services in children under the age of five, 2) to estimate the contextual effect of intervention on the probability of occurrence of and the likelihood of health services being used by children under five, four years after the start of its implementation, and 3) to evaluate the contextual effect of the intervention on stunting in children under five, four years after the start of its implementation. Methods: The data for the analyses were provided from a variety of sources including the national health information system, a retrospective health services survey, and a household survey conducted four years after the intervention onset in 41 villages in the intervention district and 51 villages in the comparison district. We used a quasi-experimental controlled interrupted time-series design group to analyze the immediate and long-term effects of the intervention on the rate of health services utilization in children under five. Then, a quasi-experimental post-test-only design that included a control group allowed us to evaluate the contextual effect of the intervention on the probability of occurrence of a disease, on the probability of use of health services, and stunting in children under five. The analytic strategy combined the propensity score weighting method to balance the covariates between the two groups, two-level mixed-effects negative binomial, and linear and logistic regression models to account for the hierarchical structure of data. Results: The intervention for free health care including quality of care improvement and management of malnutrition at the community level was associated with an increased and maintained use of health services beyond four years after the onset of intervention (incidence rate ratio = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.98–2.67). In addition, compared to children living in the comparison district, the probability of using health services was 17.2% higher among those living in the intervention district (95% CI = 15.0–26.6); and 20.7% higher when the illness episode was severe (95% CI = 9.9–31.5). These associations were significant regardless of the distance to health centers and the socio-economic status of households. In addition, inequalities in the use of care were less pronounced in the intervention villages compared to those in the control village. Finally, the results also showed that the residence context accounted for 9.36% of the variance in stunting (intra-class correlation = 9.36% ; 95% CI = 6.45–13.38), and only 2% of the variance in stunting was explained by the intervention. However, we could not demonstrate that the intervention in these communities was associated with a reduced probability of an illness occurring (AME=4.4 (95% CI: -1.0 – 9.8), nor with a significant improvement in the nutritional status among children under five (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.83–1.54). Conclusion: This thesis underlines the importance that affordable health care, including quality of care, as well as improving the management of malnutrition at the community level, are effective in increasing and maintaining the use of health services and reduce geographical inequalities in the use of care. However, this intervention was not associated with improved child health outcomes. Although rigorous longitudinal studies are necessary to fully understand the potential influence of this intervention on morbidity, this thesis highlights the need to simultaneously act on other social determinants of health and to synergistically integrate nutrition-specific interventions for greater impact on child health.