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Journal articles on the topic 'Pain in animals Treatment'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Harrison, Peter. "Do Animals Feel Pain?" Philosophy 66, no. 255 (January 1991): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100052827.

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In an oft-quoted passage fromThe Principles of Morals and Legislation(1789), Jeremy Bentham addresses the issue of our treatment of animals with the following words: ‘the question is not, Can theyreason? nor, can theytalk? but, Can theysuffer?’ The point is well taken, for surely if animals suffer, they are legitimate objects of our moral concern. It is curious therefore, given the current interest in the moral status of animals, that Bentham's question has been assumed to be merely rhetorical. No-one has seriously examined the claim, central to arguments for animal liberation and animal right

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2

Honoré, Per Hartvig, Anna Basnet, Pernille Kristensen, Lene Munkholm Andersen, Signe Neustrup, Pia Møllgaard, Laila Eljaja, and Ole J. Bjerrum. "Predictive validity of pharmacologic interventions in animal models of neuropathic pain." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2011.06.002.

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AbstractIntroductionThe pathophysiologic and neurochemical characteristics of neuropathic pain must be considered in the search for new treatment targets. Breakthroughs in the understanding of the structural and biochemical changes in neuropathy have opened up possibilities to explore new treatment paradigms. However, long term sequels from the damage are still difficult to treat.Aim of the studyTo examine the validity of pharmacological treatments in humans and animals for neuropathic pain.MethodAn overview from the literature and own experiences of pharmacological treatments employed to inte

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3

Phillips, Mary T. "Savages, Drunks, and Lab Animals: The Researcher's Perception of Pain." Society & Animals 1, no. 1 (1993): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853093x00154.

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AbstractHistorically, treatment for pain relief has varied according to the social status of the sufferer. A similar tendency to make arbitrary distinctions affecting pain relief was found in an ethnographic study of animal research laboratories. The administration of pain-relieving drugs for animals in laboratories differed from standard practice for humans and, perhaps, for companion animals. Although anesthesia was used routinely for surgical procedures, its administration was sometimes haphazard. Analgesics, however, were rarely used. Most researchers had never thought about using analgesi

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AMANITI (Ε.Μ. ΑΜΑΝΙΤΗ), E. M., I. SAVVAS (Ι. ΣΑΒΒΑΣ), and N. DIAKAKIS (Ν. ΔΙΑΚΑΚΗΣ). "Pain assessment and treatment in equines." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 61, no. 2 (March 22, 2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14882.

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Current concepts in pain on animals suggest that -at least- mammals perceive and experience pain like humans do. Pain receptors are the free nerve endings. Qualitative analysis and interpretation is done in brain cortex (somatosensory area), while nociception may be done in lower centres. Pain may be physiological or clinical. In physiological pain, short acting noxious stimuli act on nociceptors and produce pain, but without any neurophysiological modification. In clinical pain, mostly intense noxious stimuli bring alterations in neuronal physiology, in central nervous system (central sensiti

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Wright, Bonnie D. "Acupuncture for the Treatment of Animal Pain." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 49, no. 6 (November 2019): 1029–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.07.001.

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6

Steagall, Paulo V., Hedie Bustamante, Craig B. Johnson, and Patricia V. Turner. "Pain Management in Farm Animals: Focus on Cattle, Sheep and Pigs." Animals 11, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061483.

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Pain causes behavioral, autonomic, and neuroendocrine changes and is a common cause of animal welfare compromise in farm animals. Current societal and ethical concerns demand better agricultural practices and improved welfare for food animals. These guidelines focus on cattle, sheep, and pigs, and present the implications of pain in terms of animal welfare and ethical perspectives, and its challenges and misconceptions. We provide an overview of pain management including assessment and treatment applied to the most common husbandry procedures, and recommendations to improve animal welfare in t

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7

Greene, Stephen A. "Chronic Pain: Pathophysiology and Treatment Implications." Topics in Companion Animal Medicine 25, no. 1 (February 2010): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2009.10.009.

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8

Nasirinezhad, Farinaz, and Jacqueline Sagen. "NMDA Antagonist Peptide Supplementation Enhances Pain Alleviation by Adrenal Medullary Transplants." Cell Transplantation 14, no. 4 (April 2005): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/000000005783983115.

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Spinal transplantation of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells has been shown to decrease pain responses in several animal models. Improved potency may be possible by engineering cells to produce greater levels of naturally derived analgesics. As an initial screen for potential candidates, adrenal medullary transplants were evaluated in combination with exogenously administered neuropeptides in rodent pain models. Histogranin is a 15-amino acid peptide that exhibits NMDA receptor antagonist activity. The stable derivative [Ser1]histogranin (SHG) can attenuate pain symptoms in some animal models.

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Frondelius, Lilli, Juha Hietaoja, Matti Pastell, Laura Hänninen, Paula Anttila, and Jaakko Mononen. "Influence of postoperative pain and use of NSAID on heart rate variability of dairy cows." Journal of Dairy Research 85, no. 1 (February 2018): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029917000760.

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This Research Communication describes the effect of post-operative pain and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment on heart rate variability (HRV) of dairy cows. Postoperative pain in farm animals is often left untreated, and HRV could be a promising tool for assessing pain. The aim of this study was to assess if postoperative state after subcutaneous surgery affects HRV in dairy cows and to determine whether this could be modulated by NSAID. Nine cows were inserted with an implantable electrocardiograph logger. Cows were divided into the NSAID treatment group and the control g

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10

Karas, Alicia Z. "Barriers to assessment and treatment of pain in laboratory animals." Lab Animal 35, no. 7 (July 2006): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban0706-38.

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11

Becker, Axel, Gisela Grecksch, and Helmut Schröder. "Pain sensitivity is altered in animals after subchronic ketamine treatment." Psychopharmacology 189, no. 2 (October 3, 2006): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-006-0557-2.

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12

Zhou, Zhaoxiang, Wantong Shi, Kexin Fan, Man Xue, Sibo Zhou, Qi-Yu Chen, Jing-Shan Lu, Xu-Hui Li, and Min Zhuo. "Inhibition of calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) for the treatment of neuropathic and inflammatory pain in adult female mice." Molecular Pain 17 (January 2021): 174480692110216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17448069211021698.

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Cortical long-term potentiation (LTP) serves as a cellular model for chronic pain. As an important subtype of adenylyl cyclases (ACs), adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) is critical for the induction of cortical LTP in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Genetic deletion of AC1 or pharmacological inhibition of AC1 blocked behavioral allodynia in animal models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Our previous experiments have identified a lead candidate AC1 inhibitor, NB001, which is highly selective for AC1 over other AC isoforms, and found that NB001 is effective in inhibiting behavioral allo

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13

Mert, Tufan. "Pulsed magnetic field treatment as antineuropathic pain therapy." Reviews in the Neurosciences 28, no. 7 (October 26, 2017): 751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2017-0003.

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AbstractNo satisfactory effective therapy is still available to treat trauma- or disease-induced neuropathic pain, and current available treatment options have several side effects. Pulsed magnetic field (PMF) treatments are receiving growing interest as a therapeutic approach for several neuronal diseases. Although the exact mechanism of action of PMF treatments is unknown, reported findings represent a promising alternative therapeutic choice for the management of neuropathic pain. PMF treatments can supply new strategies for the therapy of life-threatening neuropathic pain due to its antihy

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Rix, Anne, Natascha Drude, Anna Mrugalla, Felix M. Mottaghy, René H. Tolba, and Fabian Kiessling. "Performance of severity parameters to detect chemotherapy-induced pain and distress in mice." Laboratory Animals 54, no. 5 (October 29, 2019): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677219883327.

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According to European Union directive 2010/63/EU a severity classification of experimental procedures performed on laboratory animals is mandatory. This includes a prospective evaluation of all interventions performed within the experiment, as well as an assessment of the actual burden of each animal during the experiment. In this regard, the evaluation and scoring of defined criteria regarding the health state of animals could help to early identify deteriorations in animal health and facilitate the application of humane endpoints. This article discusses the applicability of an adapted score

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Mathews, Karol, Peter W. Kronen, Duncan Lascelles, Andrea Nolan, Sheilah Robertson, Paulo VM Steagall, Bonnie Wright, and Kazuto Yamashita. "Guidelines for Recognition, Assessment and Treatment of Pain." Journal of Small Animal Practice 55, no. 6 (May 20, 2014): E10—E68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsap.12200.

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16

Ede, Thomas, Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk, and Daniel M. Weary. "Assessing the affective component of pain, and the efficacy of pain control, using conditioned place aversion in calves." Biology Letters 15, no. 10 (October 2019): 20190642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0642.

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Pain in animals is typically assessed using reflexive and physiological responses. These measures allow inferences regarding nociception but provide little basis for conclusions about the affective component of pain (i.e. how negatively the experience is perceived). Calves routinely undergo painful procedures on commercial farms, including hot-iron disbudding, providing a convenient model to study pain in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the affective component of post-procedural pain due to hot-iron disbudding, using conditioned place aversion. Calves ( n = 31) were subjected

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Kischkel, Sabine, Andreas Brietzke, Wolfram Schmidt, Thomas Eickner, Niels Grabow, and Claudia Matschegewski. "Application of 3R principles in small animal GLP testing of biomaterials." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-0084.

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AbstractOn the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, the EU Parliament adopted Directive 2010/63/EU. The essential factor is the 3R principle: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement. In 2013, the third amendment to the German Animal Welfare Act was revised and adapted to the European Directive. The majority of animals in science are used in basic research, as well as in translational and applied research. In medical research, animal experimentation is conducted to clarify previously unknown life processes and basic biological relationships, in order to improve diagnostics and trea

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18

Adams, David B. "An Approach to Pain in Research Animals." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 16, no. 2 (December 1988): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119298801600205.

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Pain can either signal the threat of tissue-damage (nociception) or can result from tissue damage itself. The physiology and “pathology” of pain, in the second instance, suggest that it can be diagnosed (not “measured”, “assessed”, etc.) on the basis of its association, but not equality, with tissue damage and by its coincidence with changes in behaviour. Pain will be present as part of a syndrome and cannot occur without cause or association. Pain may occur in experiments: a) coincidentally and unrelated to any experimental procedure, b) accidentally, when a procedure goes amiss, and c) as pa

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Cornish, Amelia, Bethany Wilson, David Raubenheimer, and Paul McGreevy. "Demographics Regarding Belief in Non-Human Animal Sentience and Emotional Empathy with Animals: A Pilot Study among Attendees of an Animal Welfare Symposium." Animals 8, no. 10 (October 4, 2018): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8100174.

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Attitudes to animals are linked to beliefs about their ability to experience pain and suffering, their cognition, and their sentience. Education and awareness-raising play a pivotal role in increasing society’s consideration of non-human animal welfare. The current pilot study explores the attitudes towards animal welfare among a unique population of people who attended an animal welfare symposium at the University of Sydney. It involved administration of a validated questionnaire that assessed attitudes to animals; specifically exploring participants’ (n = 41) beliefs about the sentience of a

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20

Briley, Mike, and Chantal Moret. "Treatment of Comorbid Pain with Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors." CNS Spectrums 13, S11 (July 2008): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900028285.

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AbstractComorbid chronic pain is common in depressed patients. It is predictive of a poor prognosis for depression and is a major risk factor for suicidal behavior. Depression and chronic pain may result from a common neurobiological dysfunction of monoamine cell bodies in the basal ganglia. Amitriptyline, which inhibits both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, is a preferred treatment of chronic pain although it is not officially indicated for this condition. Chronic pain can be modeled in animals where amitriptyline has been shown to be highly effective. Similar effects are obtained with

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21

Nelson, Michael L. "Book Review: Animal Rights and Welfare: A Documentary and Reference Guide." Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, no. 2 (December 16, 2015): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n2.175a.

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Animal Rights and Welfare: A Documentary and Reference Guide is a collection of fifty-one primary source documents relating to the topics of animal rights and animal welfare. The preface states that these are separate and distinct philosophies: animal rights advocates such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals and the Animal Liberation Front hold that humans and animals have the same rights (thereby precluding their use even as pets or assistive animals), whereas animal welfare adherents like the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the American Humane Society

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22

Turner, Patricia V., Daniel SJ Pang, and Jennifer LS Lofgren. "A Review of Pain Assessment Methods in Laboratory Rodents." Comparative Medicine 69, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 451–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000042.

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Ensuring that laboratory rodent pain is well managed underpins the ethical acceptability of working with these animals in research. Appropriate treatment of pain in laboratory rodents requires accurate assessments of the presence or absence of pain to the extent possible. This can be challenging some situations because laboratory rodents are prey species that may show subtle signs of pain. Although a number of standard algesiometry assays have been used to assess evoked pain responses in rodents for many decades, these methods likely represent an oversimplification of pain assessment and many

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23

Rocha, Natanni Cinthia Vitor da, Amanda Caroline Gomes Graboschii, Jackellyne Laís Ferreira Lins, Mylena Ferreira Rodrigues, Diogo Alexandre Tenório Mata, Yane Fernandes Moreira, Ticiano Gomes do Nascimento, Marcia Kikuyo Notomi, and Pierre Barnabé Escodro. "Effectiveness of red propolis and Mikania glomerata in bitches´s surgical analgesia." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (October 4, 2020): e4879108733. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8733.

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The aim of this research was to evaluate the analgesia provided by red propolis and Mikania glomerata oral administration in 40 female dogs submitted to ovariohysterectomy (OH) compared to standard treatment with no steroidal anti-inflammatory ketoprofen. Through of a doble-blind and randomized study, the animals were divided in four different groups with 10 animals of treatments: control treatment with ketofen (CT), propolis treatment (PT), Mikania glomerata treatment (MT), and propolis-Mikania glomerata treatment (PGT). All pacients received one of these treatments two hours before OH and th

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Yousof, Shimaa Mohammad, Doaa Attia ElSayed, Amani A. El-Baz, Hanaa S. Sallam, and Faten Abbas. "Combined Treatment of Adipose Derived-Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Pregabalin Is Superior to Monotherapy for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in Rats." Stem Cells International 2021 (February 15, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8847110.

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Aims. Neuropathic pain following nerve injury does not respond well to most available pharmacological remedies. We aimed to compare the outcome of the addition of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) to pregabalin for neuropathic pain treatment. Methods. Adult female albino rats ( n = 100 ) were randomized to receive traumatic sciatic nerve injury or sham. Animals were then randomized to ADMSC treatment with or without pregabalin. We conducted a battery of neurobehavioral and electrophysiological to assess neuropathic pain. Following sacrifice, we evaluated the histological changes

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Wilson, S., and D. Yeomans. "Genetic therapy for pain management." Neurology Bulletin XXXIII, no. 1-2 (May 15, 2001): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb79782.

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Wilson, Natalie M., Matthew S. Ripsch, and Fletcher A. White. "Impact of Opioid and Nonopioid Drugs on Postsurgical Pain Management in the Rat." Pain Research and Treatment 2016 (March 16, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8364762.

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Aim. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioids are commonly used to control surgical pain following veterinary and clinical procedures. This study evaluated the efficacy of postoperative ketorolac or buprenorphine following abdominal surgery. Main Methods. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, animal activity, corticosterone levels, and a nociceptive sensitivity assay were used to evaluate 18 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats which underwent aortic artery occlusion for implantation of a radiotelemetry device. The animals were treated postoperatively with intraperitoneal injections of ve

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Llaniguez, Jeremy T., Morgan A. Szczepaniak, Barry H. Rickman, Juri G. Gelovani, Gerald A. Hish, and Tara M. Cotroneo. "Quantitative and Qualitative Behavioral Measurements to Assess Pain in Axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum)." Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 59, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000063.

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Effective pain relief in animals relies on the ability to discern pain and assess its severity. However, few objective measures exist to assess the presence and severity of pain in axolotls, and few resources are available regarding drugs and appropriate doses to provide pain relief in this species. This study evaluated behavioral tools for cageside pain assessment and validated a reproducible and reliable quantitative method to evaluate analgesic efficacy in axolotls. Animals were divided into control and treatment groups (n = 6 per group); treatment groups received buprenorphine through inje

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Rollin, Bernard E. "Ethical issues in geriatric feline medicine." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 9, no. 4 (August 2007): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2007.01.011.

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Most veterinarians hold a ‘pediatric’ rather than ‘garage mechanic’ view of their function. In recent years, sophisticated medical modalities have allowed veterinarians to keep animals alive, and increased value of companion animals in society has increased demand for such treatment. But whereas humans can choose to trade current suffering for extended life, animals seem to lack the cognitive apparatus required to do so. Thus, veterinarians must guard against keeping a suffering animal alive for too long. Clients may be emotionally tied to the animal and blind to its suffering. Part of the vet

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MacFarlane, P. D., A. S. Tute, and B. Alderson. "Therapeutic options for the treatment of chronic pain in dogs." Journal of Small Animal Practice 55, no. 3 (January 28, 2014): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsap.12176.

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Honoré, Per Hartvig, Anna Basnet, Laila Eljaja, Pernille Kristensen, Lene Munkholm Andersen, Signe Neustrup, Pia Møllgaard, and Ole J. Bjerrum. "Neuropathic pain models in the development of analgesic drugs." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2011.06.003.

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AbstractIntroductionAnimal disease models are predictive for signs seen in disease. They may rarely mimic all signs in a specific disease in humans with respect to etiology, cause or development. Several models have been developed for different pain states and the alteration of behavior has been interpreted as a response to external stimulus or expression of pain or discomfort. Considerable attention must be paid not to interpret other effects such as somnolence or motor impairment as a pain response and similarly not to misinterpret the response of analgesics.Neuropathic pain is caused by inj

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YPSILANTIS (Π. ΥΨΗΛΑΝΤΗΣ), P. "Management of pain - humane endpoints - euthanasia of laboratory animals." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 60, no. 3 (November 20, 2017): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14932.

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The minimization of pain and distress of laboratory animals before, during and after the experiment is one of the basic principles for the humane treatment of animals used in biomedical research. Pain and distress is assessed based on careful observation of laboratory animals and the evaluation of a series of parameters related to clinical signs, natural behaviour and provoked behaviour. Scoring of these parameters makes possible their quantitative assessment and the calculation of distress score. Based on this score we can define the humane endpoints according to which the experimenter decide

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Bree, Dara, and Dan Levy. "Development of CGRP-dependent pain and headache related behaviours in a rat model of concussion: Implications for mechanisms of post-traumatic headache." Cephalalgia 38, no. 2 (December 7, 2016): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102416681571.

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Background and objective Posttraumatic headache (PTH) is one of the most common, debilitating and difficult symptoms to manage after a mild traumatic brain injury, or concussion. However, the mechanisms underlying PTH remain elusive, in part due to the lack of a clinically relevant animal model. Here, we characterized for the first time, headache and pain-related behaviours in a rat model of concussion evoked by a mild closed head injury (mCHI) – the major type of military and civilian related trauma associated with PTH – and tested responses to current and novel headache therapies. Methods Co

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Ji, Weifeng, Haiying Huang, Ji Chao, Wuchao Lu, and Jianyou Guo. "Protective Effect ofAgaricus brasiliensison STZ-Induced Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/679259.

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Objective. The present investigation examined the neuroprotective effect ofAgaricus brasiliensis(AbS) against STZ-induced diabetic neuropathic pain in laboratory rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats were administered orally with AbS. Body weight, serum glucose, and behavioral parameters were measured before and at the end of the experiment to see the effect of AbS on these parameters. After 6 weeks of treatments, all animals were sacrificed to study various biochemical parameters. Treatment with AbS 80 mg/kg in diabetic animals showed significant increase in body weight, pain threshold, and paw wit

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Wormser, Gary P., and Ira Schwartz. "Antibiotic Treatment of Animals Infected with Borrelia burgdorferi." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 22, no. 3 (July 2009): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00004-09.

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SUMMARY Despite resolution of the objective manifestations of Lyme disease after antibiotic treatment, a minority of patients have fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and/or difficulties with concentration or short-term memory of uncertain etiology; these are called post-Lyme disease symptoms or, in more severe cases, post-Lyme disease syndrome or “chronic Lyme disease.” Several recent studies in which Borrelia burgdorferi-infected animals were treated with antibiotic therapy have demonstrated the presence of PCR positivity for B. burgdorferi DNA in the absence of culture positivity. In mice that w

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Kononenko, A. V., S. M. Drogovoz, Ya O. Butko, and M. V. Zupanets. "EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF CARBOXYTHETERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PAIN SYNDROME." Likarska sprava, no. 4 (June 16, 2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31640/jvd.4.2019(7).

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Almost every person can felt the pain syndrome; it has different mechanisms of formation, which must be taken into account when determining the principles of treatment. The causes of pain are inflammation, ischemia, hypoxia, oxidative stress, etc. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most common painkillers, but the problem of expected efficiency and their potential risks is not fully resolved despite their huge assortment. Therefore, the search for alternative effective and safer methods of anelgesia, one of which is carboxytherapy (treatment of CO2). Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an inali

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Rollin, Bernard E. "Toxicology and New Social Ethics for Animals." Toxicologic Pathology 31, no. 1_suppl (January 2003): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926230390175011.

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The issue of animal treatment has emerged as a major social concern over the past three decades. This ramified in a new ethic for animal treatment that goes beyond concern about cruelty and attempts to eliminate animal pain and suffering, whatever its source. This is evidenced by laws governing animal research in many countries. Insofar as toxicology can entail significant and prolonged animal suffering, it is at loggerheads with this new ethic. Ways are suggested for the toxicological community to put itself in harmony with the ethic and thereby preserve its autonomy.

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Sherwood, J. Matthew, James K. Roush, Laura J. Armbrust, and Walter C. Renberg. "Prospective Evaluation of Intra-Articular Dextrose Prolotherapy for Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Dogs." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 53, no. 3 (May 1, 2017): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6508.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate intra-articular dextrose prolotherapy for osteoarthritis of the elbow or stifle in dogs in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective pilot study. Seventeen dogs were evaluated with 10 meeting inclusion criteria for this study. Evaluations included orthopedic exam, visual lameness scoring, Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI), goniometry, kinetic gait analysis, and radiography. Initial lameness score, age, body weight, duration of lameness, and CBPI scores did not differ between groups. Change in CBPI pain severity score in th

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van Loon, Johannes P. A. M., and Lucia Macri. "Objective Assessment of Chronic Pain in Horses Using the Horse Chronic Pain Scale (HCPS): A Scale-Construction Study." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061826.

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The objective assessment of chronic pain is of utmost importance for improving welfare and quality of life in horses. Freedom from disease and pain is one of the ‘five freedoms’ that are necessary for animal welfare. The aim of this study was to develop a pain scale for the assessment of chronic pain in horses (Horse Chronic Pain Scale; HCPS), which is based on behavioural and facial expressions. The scale was used to assess 53 horses (26 horses diagnosed with chronic painful conditions by means of clinical examination and additional diagnostic procedures (consisting of osteoarthritis, chronic

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Jones, Éamon, та Styliani Vlachou. "A Critical Review of the Role of the Cannabinoid Compounds Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) and their Combination in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment". Molecules 25, № 21 (25 жовтня 2020): 4930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214930.

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Many people with MS (pwMS) use unregulated cannabis or cannabis products to treat the symptoms associated with the disease. In line with this, Sativex, a synthetic combination of cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) has been approved to treat symptoms of spasticity. In animals, CBD is effective in reducing the amounts of T-cell infiltrates in the spinal cord, suggesting CBD has anti-inflammatory properties. By doing this, CBD has shown to delay symptom onset in animal models of multiple sclerosis and slow disease progression. Importantly, combinations of CBD and Δ9-THC appear

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Grubb, Tamara. "Where Do We Go from Here? Future Treatment Strategies for Chronic Pain." Topics in Companion Animal Medicine 25, no. 1 (February 2010): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2009.10.002.

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Alexsandra Аndreevna, Panasiuk. "The law about animal's protection from cruelty: historical and modern issues." Almanac of law: The role of legal doctrine in ensuring of human rights 11, no. 11 (August 2020): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2020-11-59.

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The article deals with the protection of animals from ill-treatment, generalizes the scientific approaches of the historical and legal aspect of the formation and development of responsibility, conducts a comparative analysis of the present with the historical past. The legal regulation of criminal liability for animal cruelty is characterized. The sanctions and the list of legislation governing this issue are outlined. Solve issues in the area oj the institution of responsibility for animal cruelty is extremely important. In today`s world, animals are considered not only as property of a pers

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SHRIVER, ADAM J. "The Asymmetrical Contributions of Pleasure and Pain to Animal Welfare." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 23, no. 2 (February 4, 2014): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180113000686.

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Abstract:Recent results from the neurosciences demonstrate that pleasure and pain are not two symmetrical poles of a single scale of experience but in fact two different types of experiences altogether, with dramatically different contributions to well-being. These differences between pleasure and pain and the general finding that “the bad is stronger than the good” have important implications for our treatment of nonhuman animals. In particular, whereas animal experimentation that causes suffering might be justified if it leads to the prevention of more suffering, it can never by justified me

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Puvača, Nikola, and Britt Chantal. "Welfare and legal aspects of making decisions on medical treatments of pet animals." Pravo - teorija i praksa 37, no. 4 (2020): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2004055p.

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When it comes to humans and the necessity for their young ones' medical treatments, the parental responsibility is crucial. The decisions made by parents involve the legal aspects as well as welfare aspects, respectively. Pet animals are usually classified as property in the European Union, but pets are the same as kids regarding medical treatments and illnesses or diseases. In that case, the decisions are made by their owners, posing a legal challenge only if the proposed treatment can trigger damage or needless pain, as defined by the Law on pet animals' welfare. In this article, there will

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KANIA, BOGDAN FELIKS, URSZULA BRACHA, GRZEGORZ LONC, and TOMASZ WOJNAR. "Significance of metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists in experimental neuropathic pain in animals." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 76, no. 10 (2020): 6460–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6460.

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Neuropathic pain is a serious therapeutic problem. Current therapy is often ineffective, and the available drugs have serious side effects. For these reasons, the search for alternative therapeutic solutions is underway. Recent research on metabotropic receptors for glutamic acid (mGluR) gives great hope for the development of a new type of drug in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Particularly promising are antagonists of mGluR group I receptors. There are many studies demonstrating the efficacy of non-competitive mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptor antagonists in animal models of neuropathic pain. The

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van Loon, Johannes, Nicole Verhaar, Els van den Berg, Sarah Ross, and Janny de Grauw. "Objective Assessment of Acute Pain in Foals Using a Facial Expression-Based Pain Scale." Animals 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091610.

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Pain assessment is very important for monitoring welfare and quality of life in horses. To date, no studies have described pain scales for objective assessment of pain in foals. Studies in other species have shown that facial expression can be used in neonatal animals for objective assessment of acute pain. The aim of the current study was to adapt a facial expression-based pain scale for assessment of acute pain in mature horses for valid pain assessment in foals. The scale was applied to fifty-nine foals (20 patients and 39 healthy controls); animals were assessed from video recordings (30–6

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Suckow, Mark A., and Patricia V. Turner. "Pain as a Clinical Factor and Experimental Variable in Research Rodents." Comparative Medicine 69, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000039.

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It is broadly accepted that, as part of the humane care and use of animals in research, the pain experienced by animals should be minimized to the extent possible, consistent with the goals of the research. In some cases, pain may be the subject under study, whereas in other cases, the use of some types of analgesics may interfere with the experimental objectives of the work. This issue of Comparative Medicine provides reviews related to the recognition and treatment of pain, the interaction of pain and pain relief on experimental outcomes, and ethical perspectives on the need to reduce pain i

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Hsieh, Yueh-Ling, Chen-Chia Yang, and Nian-Pu Yang. "Ultra-Low Frequency Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Pain Modulation in a Rat Model with Myogenous Temporomandibular Dysfunction." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 9906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189906.

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Masticatory myofascial pain (MMP) is one of the most common causes of chronic orofacial pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders. To explore the antinociceptive effects of ultra-low frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (ULF-TENS) on alterations of pain-related biochemicals, electrophysiology and jaw-opening movement in an animal model with MMP, a total of 40 rats were randomly and equally assigned to four groups; i.e., animals with MMP receiving either ULF-TENS or sham treatment, as well as those with sham-MMP receiving either ULF-TENS or sham treatment. MMP was induc

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Buesing, Scott. "Vitamin B12 as a Treatment for Pain." Pain Physician 1, no. 22;1 (January 11, 2019): E45—E52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj/2019.22.e45.

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Background: First isolated as cyanocobalamin in 1948, vitamin B12 has been explored for pain treatment almost since its discovery. With the advent of the opioid epidemic, safer treatments for pain are needed. Objectives: Our objective was to compile the latest information on potential mechanisms from animal studies and clinical trial data on vitamin B12 for the treatment of pain conditions. Study Design: We conducted a narrative review. Methods: PubMed was searched using the terms “methylcobalamin pain”, “hydroxycobalamin pain”, “cyanocobalamin pain”, and “vitamin B12 pain.” Animal studies tha

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Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K. S., J. M. Stookey, A. M. de Passillé, and J. Rushen. "Comparison of hot-iron and freeze branding on cortisol levels and pain sensitivity in beef cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a96-127.

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Thirty yearling (450–500 kg) heifers of mixed breeds (Hereford, Charolais, Angus and Shorthorn) were habituated to handling over a 14 ± 2 d period before branding and were fitted non-surgically with jugular catheters 1 before branding. On the day of branding, heifers were assigned to hot-iron brand (H), freeze brand (F), or control (C) treatments according to a predetermined randomized branding order (n = 10 per treatment). Blood samples were obtained at 20 and 0 min before and 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 min after application of branding treatments. To detect stress-induced ana

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Adrian, Derek E., Mark Rishniw, Margie Scherk, and B. Duncan X. Lascelles. "Prescribing practices of veterinarians in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain in cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 21, no. 6 (July 23, 2018): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18787910.

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Objectives Despite the high prevalence and increasing awareness of chronic musculoskeletal pain in cats, approved treatment options are completely lacking in the USA, and few other options have sufficient safety and efficacy data. Knowledge of current prescribing practices should inform future research of putative therapies. We aimed to determine which drug and non-drug therapies were being used by general practitioners for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain in cats and to understand demographic influences on prescribing practices. Methods We distributed a survey to 36,676 veterinarians who

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