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Books on the topic 'Painel data'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

United States. Department of Health and Human Services. National Center for Health Statistics. Inventory of pain data: vital and health statistics. USGPO, 1992.

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2

Painter IX for photographers: Creating painterly images step by step. Elsevier/Focal Press, 2005.

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3

A comparison of probabilistic unfolding theories for paired comparisons data. Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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4

Turczyn, Kathleen M. Inventory of pain data from the National Center for Health Statistics. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics, 1992.

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5

CD recordable solutions: Customize and burn music, video, and data CDs. Muska & Lipman, 2001.

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6

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Trends in palliative care in Australian hospitals. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2011.

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7

Health, Texas Dept of. Texas environmental lead reduction rules: Effective date February 19, 1996 : amended May 10, 1998 : amended March 23, 2002. Toxic Substances Control Division, Environmental Lead Branch, Texas Dept. of Health, 2003.

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8

Texas. Dept. of Health. Texas environmental lead reduction rules: Effective date February 19, 1996 : amended May 10, 1998 : amended March 23, 2003 : amended January 1, 2005. Division for Regulatory Services, Texas Department of State Health Services, 2006.

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9

The language of pain: Expression or description? John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2007.

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10

Watteeuw, Lieve, and Hannah Iterbeke, eds. Enclosed Gardens of Mechelen. Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720724.

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During the Late Middle Ages a unique type of ‘mixed media’ recycled and remnant art arose in houses of religious women in the Low Countries: enclosed gardens. They date from the time of Emperor Charles V and are unique examples of ‘anonymous’ female art, devotion and spirituality. A hortus conclusus (or enclosed garden) represents an ideal, paradisiacal world. Enclosed Gardens are retables, sometimes with painted side panels, the central section filled not only with narrative sculpture, but also with all sorts of trinkets and hand-worked textiles.Adornments include relics, wax medallions, gems

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11

National Paint and Coatings Association. and SRI International, eds. U.S. paint industry data base. The Association, 1992.

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12

Peacock, Janet L., Sally M. Kerry, and Raymond R. Balise. Analysing matched or paired data. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779100.003.0008.

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Chapter 8 covers analysing matched or paired data, and includes the paired t test, non-Normal data, matched case-control data, and cohort data. It describes the use of data transformations and how results are interpreted when data are paired. It includes how to calculate 95% confidence intervals for estimates. The chapter includes analyses using Stata, SAS, SPSS, and R.

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13

Peacock, Janet L., and Sally M. Kerry. Analysing matched or paired data. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198599661.003.0008.

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14

United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Regulations and Standards, ed. Preliminary data summary for the paint formulating point source category. Office of Water Regulations and Statndards, Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993.

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15

Data analysis of lead in soil and dust. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 1993.

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16

Brazier, John, Julie Ratcliffe, Joshua A. Salomon, and Aki Tsuchiya. Modelling health state valuation data. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725923.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the technical issues in modelling health state valuation data. Most measures of health define too many states to directly value all of them (e.g. SF-6D defines 18,000 health states). The solution has been to value a subset and by using modelling to predict the values of all states. This chapter reviews two approaches to modelling: one using multiattribute utility theory to determine health values given an assumed functional form; and the other is using statistical modelling of SF-6D preference data that are skewed, bimodal, and clustered by respondents. This chapter exami

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17

A Comparison of Probabilistic Unfolding Theories for Paired Comparisons Data. Springer, 2011.

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18

1977-, Zhao Yanchang, Zhang Chengqi 1957-, and Cao Longbing 1969-, eds. Post-mining of association rules: Techniques for effective knowledge extraction. Information Science Reference, 2009.

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19

Brown, Matthew. Recognition of the importance of neuropathic pain epidemiology. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0071.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Prevalence of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics in the general population’, published by Bouhassira and Lantéri-Minet in 2008. Understanding the extent to which a specific condition affects a population is of great importance, for two main reasons. First, robust epidemiological data influences relevant legislators and policymaking, leading to improvements in the allocation of scarce healthcare resources. Second, epidemiology studies alert clinicians and academics to deficiencies and oversights in current treatment. For decades, chron

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20

Laycock, Helen. Nocebo and its importance in clinical practice. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0045.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘When words are painful: unravelling the mechanism of the nocebo effect’, published in 2007 by Benedetti et al. This major review considered the placebo and nocebo effect in a more scientific framework compared to the previous nebulous concept of a placebo as an agent whose only role is was to act as a comparator for controlled trials. By expounding robust evidence, Benedetti added credence to the placebo effect with not just psychological but physiological data acknowledging it as an effective therapeutic action. Furthermore the importance of en

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21

Gilbert, Donald L. Design and analysis of motor-evoked potential data in pediatric neurobehavioral disorder investigations. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0025.

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This article discusses how transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to study the pathophysiological substrata of pediatric neurological and neurobehavioural disorders and to provide practical guidance for future research. It outlines the substantial challenges inherent in studying in vivo the neurobiology of pediatric neurobehavioural disorders, such as safety, quantitative versus categorical measures, and challenges in correlational studies. It discusses ways in which TMS generates quantitative measures that may function as endophenotypes for neurobehavioural disorders. Combining T

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22

Brunner, Emily, and Robert Levy. The Epidemiology of Pain and Addiction (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265366.003.0001.

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The chapter on the epidemiology of pain and addiction opens with a discussion of epidemiological principles and then proceeds to review two categories of data: that which are available on the use of opioids to treat chronic pain, and that reflecting opioid use disorder (OUD). The data are provided with graphical representations that may aid in discussions and in teaching. An accompanying glossary of epidemiological terminology facilitates understanding of the data. Conclusions are drawn from the prevalence of use and of mortality that contribute to an understanding of the origins and direction

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23

Phillips, Lawrence M., and Leslee J. Shaw. Cost Effectiveness of Imaging with Nuclear Cardiology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0032.

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This chapter focuses on the economic data available for cardiovascular (CV) imaging. The total costs of testing are substantively lower than those associated with invasive procedures. There are several ongoing randomized trials, such as the PROMISE trial, that may further add to our evidence base on the cost implications of CV imaging. Data for stress nuclear cardiology supports its utility in terms of a high prognostic accuracy and that this test is economically attractive; notably for patients with a high likelihood of coronary artery disease. Data also supports that this benefit does not on

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24

Moayedi, Massieh, and Karen D. Davis. Neural Mechanisms Underlying Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627898.003.0002.

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The chapter reviews brain imaging studies investigating the sensory, affective, cognitive, and motivational components of pain. It highlights the historical development and significant advancements in thinking about pain, its representation in the brain, its interactions with and impact on cognition, and how it motivates defensive behaviors. Modern imaging and electro-physiological approaches that are currently being applied to study pain are rapidly accumulating data pertaining to acute pain and its transition to chronic pain states in the context of individual psychological factors and behav

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25

Ravetto-Biagioli, Kriss. Digital Uncanny. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190853990.001.0001.

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We are confronted with a new type of uncanny experience, an uncanny evoked by parallel processing, aggregate data, and cloud-computing. The digital uncanny does not erase the uncanny feeling we experience as déjà vu or when confronted with robots that are too lifelike. Today’s uncanny refers to how nonhuman devices (surveillance technologies, algorithms, feedback, and data flows) anticipate human gestures, emotions, actions, and interactions, intimating we are machines and our behavior is predicable because we are machinic. It adds another dimension to those feelings we get when we question wh

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26

Carter, Bryan D., William G. Kronenberger, Eric L. Scott, and Christine E. Brady. Children's Health and Illness Recovery Program (CHIRP). Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190070267.001.0001.

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Adolescents with chronic illness, particularly when accompanied by debilitating, painful, and/or fatiguing symptoms, face challenges that are disruptive to their normal physical, psychological, and social development. The Children’s Health and Illness Recovery Program (CHIRP) is an evidence-based program specifically designed to address the skills needed by adolescents with chronic illnesses to become more confident and independent in coping and managing their illness and lifestyle. The flexible 12-session format of CHIRP can be administered with individual teens and their families or conducte

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27

Sullivan, Maria, and Frances Levin, eds. Addiction in the Older Patient. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392063.001.0001.

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Addictive disorders in older adults are underdiagnosed and undertreated. An important reason for this lack of recognition of a serious health problem is a paucity of clinical knowledge about how such disorders present in this population. The presentation for alcohol and substance use disorders in the elderly can be confusing, given the metabolic changes and concurrent conditions associated with aging, together with interactions between alcohol and prescribed psychoactive drugs. Further, screening instruments have not been validated for this population. Brief interventions may be effective but

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28

Farquhar-Smith, Paul. The key role of nerve growth factor in inflammatory pain processing. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0021.

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This paper was one of several that cemented the key role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in sensory neurons in inflammatory pain processing. It used a novel way of biologically ‘removing’ NGF using a sequestration molecule that could then investigate the effect of the absence of NGF in pain paradigms. These data contributed to the robust evidence base indicating the importance of NGF and, although there had been issues in developing usable anti-NGF moieties in human pain conditions, this study could be considered part of the journey that has led to the introduction of antagonists to NGF actions f

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29

Lussier, David, and Russell K. Portenoy. Adjuvant analgesics. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0097.

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In the management of pain associated with serious illness, ‘adjuvant analgesics’ usually are administered in concert with opioid therapy in an effort to improve outcomes when an opioid does not provide satisfactory relief with tolerable side effects. They may be divided into categories, including multipurpose drugs, and drugs used selectively for neuropathic pain, bone pain, pain due to bowel obstruction, or musculoskeletal pain. These drugs are selected for a trial based on limited data available and clinical experience; sequential trials may be undertaken when pain is refractory. Multipurpos

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30

Kraemer, Oliver, and Timothée Fraisse. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0011.

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Medical or surgical interventions, requiring anaesthesia and/or analgesia, are frequent during various stages of pregnancy and lactation when the mother, the embryo/fetus, and the breastfeeding infant are vulnerable. Many physiological alterations occur during pregnancy, which might result in modified pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic drug profiles. These are often challenging situations for the treating physician who has to rely on scarce clinical or epidemiological data to support their prescriptions. This chapter reviews the underlying principles of pharmacology and related toxicity during pr

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31

Cox, Felicia. What is the clinical relevance of the Numerical rating scale for pain? Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0059.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale’, published by Farrar et al. in 2001. The numerical rating scale is now the standard instrument used in chronic pain studies to measure pain intensity. Farrar et al. determined the changes in pain intensity that were clinically significant for studies of chronic pain while measuring the patient’s global impression of change. The paper used pooled data from ten recent studies of pregabalin in 2,724 subjects. The authors reported a consiste

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32

Farquhar-Smith, Paul. A seminal paper on the epidemiology of cancer pain. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0063.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Prevalence of pain in patients with cancer: A systematic review of the past 40 years’, published by van den Beuken et al. in 2007. It is not surprising that this definitive study on cancer pain prevalence is one of the most cited papers in cancer pain. Despite the extent of cancer pain literature, this paper’s 2007 publication is surprisingly recent for the first methodologically sound and major study of cancer pain prevalence. Many previous estimates lacked accuracy, and were prone to bias. What was known was that, despite apparent increasing i

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33

Gupta, Anita, Michael E. Hochman, and Elena N. Gutman, eds. 50 Studies Every Anesthesiologist Should Know. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237691.001.0001.

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50 Studies Every Anesthesiologist Should Know presents key studies that have shaped the practice of anesthesiology. Selected using a rigorous methodology, the studies cover topics ranging from pain medicine, critical care, and cardiothoracic anesthesiology to general anesthesiology. For each study, a concise summary is presented with an emphasis on the results and limitations of the study and its implications for practice. Brief information on other relevant studies is provided, and an illustrative clinical case concludes the review. This book is a must-read for health care professionals in an

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34

Rousseau, Guy. Purinergic nerves. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0009.

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It was in 1972 that Burnstock laid the foundation of a new nerve type that he called ‘purinergic nerves’. In this article, he presented experimental data using five criteria to establish that adenosine triphosphate can be considered to be a neurotransmitter, including (1) the release of a purinergic molecule from terminal axons, (2) the structures of purinergic nerves, (3) the electrophysiological properties of purinergic transmission, (4) the pharmacology of adenyl compounds and purinergic transmission, and (5) the distribution and evolution of the purinergic nerves. However, in spite of conv

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35

Thakur, Anand C. Barriers to Optimal Pain Management in the General Surgery Population. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457006.003.0003.

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Barriers to the implementation of adequate pain control are multifactorial and encompass all caregivers. A complete list of barriers to adequate pain control would involve biopsychosocial factors, physiological factors, pharmacological concerns, and medical legal concerns. A short list of barriers to adequate pain control can be separated into physician knowledge, expectations and perceptions, nurses’ and other ancillary providers’ knowledge, expectations and perceptions, patient expectations and perception, management of acute pain, management of chronic pain, discrepancies of pain perception

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36

Hao, Joy, Rae Lynne Kinler, Eliezer Soto, Helena Knotkova, and Ricardo A. Cruciani. Neurostimulation in pain management. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0099.

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Neurostimulation describes an array of interventions that involve targeted stimulation of peripheral nerve, spinal cord, or the brain. Although few high-quality studies of neurostimulation techniques have been done and the techniques are seldom used in the management of pain related to serious illness, a better understanding of the available treatments and the emergence of newer technologies may increase access and use in the future. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is considered to be safe and may be used as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy in the routine management of chronic pain. C

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37

Jensen, Mark P. Motivational Interviewing and Pain Management. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627898.003.0011.

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To maximize their effectiveness, rehabilitation programs for chronic pain require patient motivation and involvement. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a patient-centered approach that incorporates four key processes designed to reduce patient ambivalence and enhance motivation to engage in self-consistent adaptive behaviors. In this chapter, the essential processes of engaging, focusing, evoking, and planning, along with their associated techniques, are described, and examples (short clinical vignettes) are provided of how MI operates in practice. The chapter concludes with a review of the em

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38

Farquhar-Smith, Paul. The additive analgesia of adrenaline in epidural blockade. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0058.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Adrenaline markedly improves thoracic epidural analgesia produced by a low-dose infusion of bupivacaine, fentanyl and adrenaline after major surgery’, published by Niemi and Breivik in 1998. The analgesic potential of neuraxial blockade has long been recognized. The extensive opioid receptor expression in areas germane to pain pathways gave credence to the effective clinical application of lower doses of neuraxial opioids compared with systemic administration. Preclinical data also proposed a potential spinal action of α‎2 agonists in achieving

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39

Li, Li. How to Tell a Story of Imprisonment. Hong Kong University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390892.003.0003.

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Red Crag, published at the end of 1961 under the names of Luo Guangbin (Luo Kuang-pin) and Yang Yiyan (Yang Yi-yen), initially aimed at depicting the painful experiences of its authors and other victims incarcerated and tortured at the Sino-American Cooperative Organization in Chongqing toward the end of the war between the Communist Party and the Nationalists, but was eventually transformed into a prototypical “red classic.” Through analysis of the editorial changes in different versions, this chapter demonstrates the methodology and mechanics of the production of the “red classics,” in the s

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40

Scott, Naomi. The epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0062.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter describes a retrospective study examining the epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome in the Dutch general population. The researchers accessed patient data by means of the Integrated Primary Care Information project, which provided a large representative sample of the general population inclusive of all ages. They found an incidence of 26.2 per 100,000 person-years from a source population of 190,902 people. In those patients diagnosed by a specialist, three contemporaneous diagnostic criteria were applied, one of which was that of the Inter

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41

Waldek, Stephen. Fabry disease. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0338_update_001.

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Fabry disease is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder in which deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A leads to accumulation of substrate, mostly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), which causes a progressive, multiorgan disease affecting predominantly the kidneys, skin, heart, and nervous system. Painful peripheral (‘acral’) neuropathy is characteristic. Proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are strongly associated with risk of progression, but this may be reduced by treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors as well as by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). ERT wa

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42

Soloff, Paul, and Christian Schmahl. Suicide and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. Edited by Christian Schmahl, K. Luan Phan, Robert O. Friedel, and Larry J. Siever. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199362318.003.0011.

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This chapter reviews current data on the prevalence of suicidal behavior and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in patients with PDs; the characteristics of attempters versus completers; and the epidemiology of NSSI in borderline personality disorder (BPD). In addition, it presents explanatory models for suicide and NSSI. Also, there are comprehensive discussions of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in both suicidality and NSSI focusing on the structural and functional neuroimaging of emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, executive cognitive deficits, affective interference and cognitive func

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43

Chadwick, Andrew. Systemic Hybridity in the Mediation of the American Presidential Campaign. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696726.003.0008.

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Chapter 7 continues the revisionist approach of chapter 6, but paints the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign on a broader canvas. Through a detailed analysis of key episodes in the mediation of the campaign, the chapter shows how the real-space spectacles of candidate appearances continue to generate the important television, radio, and newspaper coverage that remains so crucial for projecting the power of a candidate and conveying enthusiasm, movement, authenticity, and common purpose to both activists and nonactivists alike. The chapter discusses how these television-fuelled spectacles now also

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44

Holliday, Kate L., Wendy Thomson, and John McBeth. Genetics of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0045.

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Chronic pain disorders are prevalent and a large burden on health care resources. Around 10% of the general population report chronic widespread pain, which is the defining feature of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood idiopathic disorder which is also characterized by widespread tenderness and commonly occurs with comorbid mood disorders, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. A role for genetics in chronic pain disorders has been identified by twin studies, with heritability estimates of around 50%. Susceptibility genes for chronic pain are likely to be involve

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45

Holliday, Kate L., Wendy Thomson, John McBeth, and Nisha Nair. Genetics of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0045_update_001.

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Chronic pain disorders are prevalent and a large burden on health care resources. Around 10% of the general population report chronic widespread pain, which is the defining feature of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood idiopathic disorder which is also characterized by widespread tenderness and commonly occurs with comorbid mood disorders, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. A role for genetics in chronic pain disorders has been identified by twin studies, with heritability estimates of around 50%. Susceptibility genes for chronic pain are likely to be involve

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46

Berardelli, Alfredo, and Mark Hallett. TMS in movement disorders. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0021.

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is applied to study patients with movement disorders. This article reviews the findings of such applications in patients with Parkinson's disease, dystonia, Huntington's disease, Tourette's syndrome, and essential tremor. The findings related to Parkinson's disease are characterized by a shortening of the cortical silence period (cSP), a reduction of short intracortical inhibition, an increase in the long-lasting intracortical inhibition, and a reduction of the normal motor evoked potential facilitation after single and repetitive TMS stimuli. Studies wi

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47

Halsey, Mark. ‘Everyone is in damage control’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810087.003.0014.

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This chapter draws on data from the Generations Through Prison project to explore the familial impacts of incarceration from the perspectives of second and third generation prisoners. Focusing on the intimate relations lost, ‘suspended’, or recreated, the chapter examines how intergenerational incarceration intensifies the pains of imprisonment. The argument here is that irrespective of the ties among those who serve time with immediate and/or extended family members, the deleterious effects of incarceration outweigh the positive dimensions. Further, for intergenerational prisoners serving tim

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48

Miller, David, Claire Harkins, Matthias Schlögl, and Brendan Montague. The architecture of the addiction lobby. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753261.003.0003.

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This chapter uses social network analysis to explore the web of influence of the four ‘addictive’ industries examined in the book: alcohol, tobacco, food, and gambling. The data are used to paint an overall picture before taking a closer look in subsequent chapters. The four industries form more or less separated clusters, and whereas the alcohol and food industries are very well interconnected, the gambling and tobacco industries are only loosely tied to the others. The network also shows that advertising and marketing sectors and think tanks often act as connecting hubs between the industrie

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49

Chapman, Suzanne. The advent of patient-controlled analgesia for post-operative analgesia. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0050.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Patient-controlled analgesia: A new concept of postoperative pain relief’, published by Bennett et al. in 1982. This paper presents data from two investigations in which patient-controlled analgesia using morphine was evaluated in patients who had undergone elective gastric bypass surgery for the management of morbid obesity. The paper shows that patient-controlled analgesia achieved adequate analgesia more often than conventional intermittent analgesia did when both administration methods were compared, but with less sedation. In addition, pati

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50

Abdullah, Hairil R., and Frances Chung. Recovery and Discharge for Procedures Conducted Outside of the Operating Room. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495756.003.0005.

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This chapter provides contemporary perspectives on the issues of recovery assessment and monitoring, as well as an overview of the criteria-related discharge following anesthesia outside the operating room. The need for appropriate monitoring in the recovery period is argued based on data from an outcomes and claims registry. Discharge scoring systems are also discussed together with pertinent postanesthesia issues that may delay discharge from the postanesthesia care unit, such as nausea and vomiting, significant pain, as well as the need for mandatory patient escort. The standards and guidel

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