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Sulaiman, L., Z. H. Z. Hazrin, N. I. M. Zakir, N. A. Halim, R. A. A. Rusdi, A. S. A. Khair, and H. A. Tajuddin. "The effect of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on coating paint film’s surface performance as non-stick coating." Pigment & Resin Technology 49, no. 5 (June 17, 2020): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2019-0060.
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Purpose The effect of using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as an additive in coating paint films for non-stick coatings was studied in this work. This paper aims to discuss the benefits of MCC blended in the coating paint film that consists of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and dammar. Design/methodology/approach PMMA and dammar mixed at a specific Wt.% ratio with xylene as its solvent. Two sets of mixtures were prepared, where one mixture contained MCC and another, without. The mixtures were applied to metal substrates as coating paint films. The performance of the non-stick coating paint film was observed through the adhesive test between adhesion layers on the coating paint film and also through the cross-hatch test for the adhesion of the non-stick coating paint film to the metal substrate. The results correlate with the surface roughness and glossiness tests. Findings The results showed that for the coating paint films, Sample B consisted of 80:20 Wt.% ratio of PMMA-dammar with an addition of 5 Wt.% MCC had an excellent performance as non-stick coating paint films. The MCC formed microparticles on the surface of the coating paint film sample and this causes the coating paint film samples with MCC to develop a rougher surface compared to the coating paint film without MCC. Sample B coating paint film had the highest average surface roughness (Ra) of 383 µm. The cross-hatch test showed the coating paint film with the addition of MCC had stronger adhesiveness on the substrate’s surface thus prevents the coating from peeling off from the surface. Practical implications The developed coating paint film in this study would be suitable for outdoor applications to prevent illegal advertisements and stickers. Originality/value MCC added to the coating paint film improves the surface performance as a non-stick coating.
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Martinez, Miguel Angel, Juana Abenojar, and Sara Lopez de Armentia. "Environmentally Friendly Plasma Activation of Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene and Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces to Improve Paint Adhesion." Coatings 8, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8120428.
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Generally, polymeric materials present an issue related to their low surface energy: low painting ability. The main aim of this work is to improve the adhesion between polymeric surfaces (polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)) and paints (epoxy (EP), and polyurethane (PU)-based). In order to increase adhesion, hydrophilic modification of surfaces by atmospheric pressure plasma torch treatment (APPT) was proposed. Furthermore, it can permit dissimilar joints, i.e., ABS with a metal joined by a silicone (based PDMS), to be painted. The surface modifications were characterized by measurements of surface energy and roughness. In addition, the effectiveness of the pre-treatment on improving paint adhesion was confirmed by scratch, cross-cut, and adhesion tests. Results showed the possibility of coating both ABS and PDMS with a PU-based paint when treated with plasma. As a novel result, polymer and metal panels joined by silicone were able to be painted with the PU paint.
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Lebedeva, Elena Yu, and Olga V. Kazmina. "NATURE AND QUANTITY OF SILICATE FILLER INFLUENCE ON SILICATE PAINT PROPERTIES WITH LOWERED CONTENT OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 3 (February 27, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186103.5525.
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This article is addressed to the problem of composite silicate paint development. Silicate paints have a large field of application, for example, it can be used as a protective coating or decorative coating with protective properties in industrial and civil construction for many aims: walls plastering, painting of stone, glass, ceramic, brick, concrete, wood, metal and other surfaces. The main difference of developed paint in comparison with the existing analogues is a low organic component content. The mass content of acrylic polymers was 5%, while actual silicate paints have a high content of organic modifiers (up to 25 %). The modifiers additive improves the technological properties, stability and viability of silicate paint. However, a high content of organic components reduces the environmental and fire protection properties of silicate paint coating. In comparison with analogues, proposed silicate paint composition is free from drawbacks listed above. In response to low content of volatile organic compounds, the paint has long spreadable life and improved technological and operational characteristics. Hiding power, viscosity, and degree of chalking were determined by standard methods. All characteristics meet the requirements of GOST. Many silica high dispersion fillers like a sand, marshalite, perlite, aerosil were tested in silicate paint composition. It was found that the coatings obtained with aerosil additive in a quantity of 0.25 % had the minimal water absorption value (0.15 %) and ultimate adhesion strength (1.7 MPa).Forcitation:Lebedeva E.Yu., Kazmina O.V. Nature and quantity of silicate filler influence on silicate paint properties with lowered content of volatile compounds. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 3. P. 70-76
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Lozrt, Jaroslav, Jiří Votava, and Radim Šmak. "Duplex Anti-Corrosion Protection of Steel Using a Combination of Hot-Dip Galvanising and Water-Soluble Paints." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 24, no. 3 (August 10, 2021): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2021-0022.
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Abstract The goal of this paper is an evaluation of research aimed at corrosion and mechanical resistance of the so-called duplex system applied to a steel sheet. This system consists of a metal coating applied by hot-dip galvanising, to which an acrylic, water-soluble paint is commonly applied (commonly available on the Czech market) using standard technology in an air stream. For the purposes of the corrosion resistance comparison, one set of test specimens is provided only with a hot-dip galvanised coating. The mechanical resistance of applied anti-corrosion protection was determined by means of a pull-off adhesion test (according to the ČSN EN ISO 4624 standard), as well as an indentation test (according to the ČSN EN ISO 1520 standard). The corrosion resistance tests were then conducted in a salt spray environment (according to the ČSN EN ISO 9227 standard) for the samples not damaged by mechanical tests. Based on the obtained results, in general, waterborne paints with high dry matter content, low specific gravity and high zinc phosphate content, which are applied in several thinner layers, can be recommended.
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Doerre, Mark, Larry Hibbitts, Gabriela Patrick, and Nelson Akafuah. "Advances in Automotive Conversion Coatings during Pretreatment of the Body Structure: A Review." Coatings 8, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8110405.
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Automotive conversion coatings consist of layers of materials that are chemically applied to the body structures of vehicles before painting to improve corrosion protection and paint adhesion. These coatings are a consequence of surface-based chemical reactions and are sandwiched between paint layers and the base metal; the chemical reactions involved distinctly classify conversion coatings from other coating technologies. Although the tri-cationic conversion coating bath chemistry that was developed around the end of the 20th century remains persistent, environmental, health, and cost issues favor a new generation of greener methods and materials such as zirconium. Environmental forces driving lightweight material selection during automobile body design are possibly more influential for transitioning to zirconium than the concerns regarding the body coating process. The chemistry involved in some conversion coatings processing has been known for over 100 years. However, recent advances in chemical processing, changes in the components used for vehicle body structures, environmental considerations and costs have prompted the automobile industry to embrace new conversion coatings technologies. These are discussed herein along with a historical perspective that has led to the use of current conversion coatings technologies. In addition, future directions for automobile body conversion coatings are discussed that may affect conversion coatings in the age of multi-material body structures.
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Jasim, Omar A., and Abdulhameed Raheem Al-Sarraf. "Study the Preparation of Polymeric Coatings Supported by Nanomaterials to Inhibit Corrosion in the Oil Tanks." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 10, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v10i1.298.
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In order to determine the most suitable composite coatings to inhibit corrosion inthe oil tanks, the protection method was studied by the method of multiple layers ofprotection. Where there were three layers of protection, the base layer is a phosphateprocess using zinc phosphate, the second layer is a base painting (Hydrazine Hydratewith an epoxy zinc coating), while the top layer was a composite coating matrix ofunsaturated polyester and epoxy supported by different fraction weight ofnanomaterials. The top layer was supported by nano kaolin with 1% weight fraction,nano magnesium oxide with 3% weight fraction and nano zinc oxide with 5% weightfraction. The three layers were painted on metal pieces (1.5cm*1.5cm) of corrodedtanks used to store diesel fuel. The hardness of the metal parts was studied before andafter the phosphate process, where the results showed that the sample surface hardnesswas 123 HB and after the phosphate process was 131 HB.The chemical corrosion and electrochemical corrosion test were carried out for agroup of samples that were painted only once with a topcoat and again with three layersof paint. The results showed that the best protection against corrosion is the sample thatpainted with three layers of coating, and the top coating supported by a nanomagnesium oxide, it has lowest corrosion current value (162.59 nA/cm2). Furthermore,the adhesion test showed that the coating supported by nanomaterials have higher
adhesion strength than those that are not supported by nanomaterials. Where the highestadhesion strength was (776 Psi) for magnesium oxide nanoparticle coating.
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Lima, Felipe de Aquino, Matheus Dias de Carvalho, Deysiane Silva Martins, Arthur Soares Oliveira, Dalila Moreira da Silveira, Antônio Marcos de Oliveira Siqueira, and Jorge David Alguiar Bellido. "Corrosion resistance evaluation of carbon steel plates protected by zirconium and titanium nanoceramic coatings." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): e183932715. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i3.2715.
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Metal surface pre-treatment is a known process and is used to increase corrosion performance as well as improve adhesion between the substrate and the paint layer. The present paper evaluated the corrosion resistance of carbon steel before and after treatment with nanoceramic coatings. The comparison was between a pure zirconia nanoceramic compound (Bonderite NT-1), with the addition of a dispersant (polyacrylic acid) and another nanoceramic coating developed from titanium oxide. Additionally, salt spray, open circuit potential (OCP), polarization and impedance tests were performed to obtain a methodology to quantitatively assess the quality of protection. The zirconia coating presented superior characteristics than the corrosion protection. The corrosion potential of this coating was about twice as low as the others. The addition of dispersant produced no significant improvements in corrosion resistance and was similar to uncoated carbon steel, possibly due to the high concentration used.
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Ryabkova, Olga A., Mariia Shirokova, E. V. Salomatina, and L. A. Smirnova. "Adhesion Strength of Organic-Inorganic Terpolymers Containing Nanostructured Poly(Titanium Oxide) with Self-Cleaning Properties to Different Materials." Key Engineering Materials 899 (September 8, 2021): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.110.
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Optically transparent organic-inorganic terpolymers based on poly (titanium oxide), hydroxyethyl methacrylate and organic monomers of the vinyl and (meth) acrylic series (acrylonitrile, butyl methacrylate, vinyl butyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate) were obained as a coating on silicate glass, polycarbonate, touch-up paint and metal. Materials’ light transmittance in the visible spectral range is 87 - 92% depending on the composition. The adhesion of terpolymers’ thin layers to substrates of various natures was investigated under shear deformations and by the lattice notch method according to ISO 15140. It was found that it is necessary to selectively excerpt composition of terpolymers in accordance with the nature of the substrate for creation adhesive durable coatings. The most durable coatings are formed on glass, polycarbonate and automotive enamel. It was revealed that the nature of the substrate and the composition of organic-inorganic terpolymers affect the hydrophobicity of the coatings and their ability to hydrophilize under the influence of UV-irradiation. The contact wetting angle of coatings with water, on average, reversibly varied within ~ 90 ° ↔ ~ 30 °.
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Solis-Pomar, Francisco, Andrés Díaz-Gómez, María Elizabeth Berrío, Jesús Ramírez, Andrés Felipe Jaramillo, Katherina Fernández, David Rojas, Manuel Francisco Melendrez, and Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina. "A Dual Active-Passive Coating with Intumescent and Fire-Retardant Properties Based on High Molecular Weight Tannins." Coatings 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11040460.
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In this study, the tannins extracted from the Pinus radiata bark were used to develop an active–passive dual paint scheme with intumescent (IN) and fire-resistant (FR) behaviors. The properties of the coating were observed to depend on the concentration of high-molecular-weight tannins (H-MWT) incorporated into the formulation. At high concentrations (13% w/w), the coating exhibits fire-retardant properties due to the generation of a carbonaceous layer; however, at low concentrations (2.5% w/w), it generates an intumescent effect due to the formation of a carbonaceous foam layer. The dual IN–FR scheme was evaluated against fire by flame advance tests, carbonization index, mass loss, and intumescent effect, and was also compared to a commercial coating. The dual scheme presented good mechanical properties with a pull-off adhesion value of 0.76 MPa and an abrasion index of 54.7% at 1000 cycles, when using a coating with a high solid content (>60%) and the same thickness as those of the commercial coatings. The results of the fire resistance test indicate that the dual scheme generates a protective effect for wood and metal, with an excellent performance that is comparable to that of a commercial intumescent coating.
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Kőszegi, Szilvia, and Éva Dénes. "Paintability of Traditional and Chromium(VI)-Free Conversion Layers on Galvanized Steels." Materials Science Forum 589 (June 2008): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.589.415.
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Continuous hot dip galvanized steel samples have been treated with traditional chromium(VI)-containing passivator and environment friendly rare-earth metal containing ceriumsalt and lanthanum-salt based solutions using different immersion times. The treated surfaces have been examined by scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyser. After the pre-treatment the samples have been spray-painted with epoxy-based organic paint. The adhesion was tested with bending and cross-cut test. Thereafter salt spray test was performed on duplex systems. After 48 hours samples have been taken out from the corrosion chamber in order to perform electrochemical impedance measurements for 24 hours. Based on the results the most promising passivation among the chromium(VI)-free solutions has been found to be the cerium-salt based treatment. The adhesion of the organic coating was better on cerium-chloride treated substrate than on chromated one, while the anti corrosion properties of the two duplex systems were comparable.
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Пласкеева, Е. И., Д. А. Полянская, В. И. Трусов, Р. С. Ходжаев, and Г. В. Черкаев. "Atmospheric resistance coating systems for shipboard yard." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII), no. 1(51) (March 5, 2021): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2021.51.1.028.
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Предметом исследования является фосфатирующий состав «НОТЕХ». Это цинкфосфатный водный материал с неорганическими ингибиторами коррозии анодного типа, которые эффективно подавляют развитие подпленочной коррозии под слоем грунта. Механизм действия и исследования эффективности подавления коррозии фосфатирующего состава «НОТЕХ» проводилась с отечественными лакокрасочными материалами типа грунта ЭФ-065 и эмали ЭП-1236. Цель работы – обоснование системы покрытия с химической подготовкой поверхности под окраску. Предложена универсальная атмосферостойкая система лакокрасочного покрытия повышенной надежности и долговечности для защиты береговых металлических сооружений, конструкций и оборудования судостроительной верфи. Впервые методами кондуктометрии, рН-метрии и измерения адгезии показана совместимость «НОТЕХ» с алкидным грунтом Pilot QD Primer компании JOTUN и соответствие требованиям стандартов ISO по содержанию остаточных водорастворимых веществ перед окраской. При этом дополнительная обработка поверхности «НОТЕХ» после абразивоструйной очистки до степени Sa2,5 не ухудшает адгезию покрытия, а также допустима нестандартная операция преобразования продуктов вторичной (вспышечной) коррозии после очистки абразивом без их удаления. The subject of the study is the phosphating composition «НОТЕХ». It is a zinc phosphate aqueous material with inorganic anode-type corrosion inhibitors that effectively suppress the development of sub-film corrosion under a layer of soil. The mechanism of action and research on the effectiveness of corrosion suppression of the phosphating compound «НОТЕХ» was carried out with domestic paints and varnishes such as soil ЭФ-065 and enamel ЭП-1236. The purpose of the work is to substantiate a coating system with chemical surface preparation for painting. A universal weather-resistant paint and varnish coating system of increased reliability and durability for the protection of coastal metal structures, structures and equipment of a shipyard is proposed. For the first time, conductometry, pH and adhesion measurements have demonstrated the compatibility of «НОТЕХ» with JOTUN's Pilot QD Primer alkyd soil and compliance with ISO standards for residual water-soluble substances before painting. Moreover, additional processing of the «НОТЕХ» surface after abrasive blast cleaning to the degree of Sa2.5 does not impair the adhesion of the coating, and a non-standard operation of converting secondary (flash) corrosion products after abrasive cleaning without removing them is also acceptable.
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de la Fuente, D., M. Rohwerder, B. Chico, and M. Morcillo. "Scanning Kelvin Probe Study on the Stability of the Steel/Coating Interfaces Contaminated by Soluble Salts." Defect and Diffusion Forum 289-292 (April 2009): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.289-292.253.
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The presence of hydrosoluble species, mainly chlorides and sulphates, at the metal/paint interface promotes osmotic blistering of the coating and underfilm metallic corrosion when the concentration of the soluble salts exceeds a critical level due to the accelerated entrance of water to the interface. Loss of adhesion and cathodic disbondment can be also consequences of the presence of soluble salts. These processes can lead to the deterioration of the paint system in a very short period of time. However, since the interface is not easily accessible by experiment, not much is known about interfacial structure, reactions and the processes causing degradation. Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) is an ideal tool for the in situ monitoring of the degradation processes at the buried interface. On the other hand, for an in-depth understanding it is important that the superposition of the effects of all different parameters involved can be disentangled. Hence, it is important to design experiments focussing on individual aspects of the complex system. A study of the fundamental aspects of the stability of the contaminated buried steel/coating interfaces, specially focused on the initial stages of blistering and underfilm corrosion, has been carried out. Results of the characterization study performed with a height-regulated SKP (HR-SKP) on surfaces contaminated at the interface by different salt concentrations with well defined crystal size and distribution are shown.
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Бессараб, Ольга Владимировна, Наталья Евгеньевна Посокина, and Елена Сергеевна Симоненко. "Packaging of baby food (review)." Food processing industry, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2021.6.6.012.
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Рассмотрены основные виды упаковки и укупорочных средств для продуктов детского питания. Представлена классификация упаковки в зависимости от типа применяемого материала и направления использования. Упаковку и укупорочные средства для продуктов детского питания изготавливают из белой консервной жести, стекла, полимерных и комбинированных материалов. Для придания металлической упаковке требуемой химической устойчивости применяют защитные покрытия из лакокрасочных материалов. Наиболее распространенными лакокрасочными материалами являются эпокси-фенольные лаки и эмали, благодаря хорошей адгезии покрытия к стальной основе и достаточно высокой химической устойчивости к пищевым продуктам. Наиболее распространенными полимерными материалами являются полипропилен и полиэтилен терефталат, так как они обладают паро- и водонепроницаемостью, устойчивостью к жирам и органическим кислотам. Их используют для изготовления пленок, пакетов, жесткой упаковки и укупорочных средств. Для упаковки продуктов, чувствительных к окислению, применяют свето- и газонепроницаемые многослойные комбинированные материалы на основе фольги или металлизированных пленок. Применяемые упаковочные материалы должны соответствовать требованиям безопасности по санитарно-химическим показателям. Из упаковки, применяемой для фасования детского питания, не допускается миграция веществ, имеющих 1-й и 2-й класс опасности. The main types of packaging and capping agents for baby food products are considered in this article. The classification of packaging is presented depending on the type, the material used and the direction of use. Packaging and capping agents for baby food products are made of white tinplate, glass, polymer and combined materials. To give the metal packaging the required chemical resistance, protective coatings made of paint and varnish materials are used. The most common paint materials are epoxy-phenolic lacquers and enamels, due to the good adhesion of the coating to the steel base and a sufficiently high chemical resistance to food. The most common polymer materials are polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate, because they have steam and water resistance, resistance to fats and organic acids. They are used for the manufacture of films, bags, rigid packaging and capping agents. For the packaging of products that are sensitive to oxidation, light- and gas-tight multilayer combined materials based on foil or metallized films are used. The packaging materials used must meet the safety requirements for sanitary and chemical indicators. The migration of substances with hazard class 1 and 2 is not allowed from the packaging used for packaging baby food.
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Mueller, Dirk, David Clark, Joris VanNunen, Ed Rea, and Hatim Haloui. "Laser-based Package Singulation and Trenching for SiP." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, DPC (January 1, 2016): 002182–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016dpc-tha43.
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Pulsed lasers are solving some packaging challenges for SiP applications. SiP devices designed for mobile devices with communication capability often have a need for EMI shielding. Nanosecond UV and picosecond green lasers are finding use in cutting these multi-compound packages as well as trench for exposing board contacts used for grounding. Mechanical cutting may not be an option if the perimeter of the package is not a simple rectangle. Water jet cutting may bear the risk of the package to fail to to water seeping in between the package layers during cutting. We will demonstrate how laser-based SiP package cutting and trenching can ameliorate both of those concerns and point toward limitations of laser-based processes. Today's high power nanosecond UV lasers are capable of cutting 1mm thick packages at an effective cutting speed of more than 10mm/s. The resulting cut surface shows no charring or melting. The surface roughness allows for excellent adhesion of EMI shielding paint on the cut conformal compound. Since the laser beam can be controlled with a programmable scanner, arbitrary shapes can be cut just as easily as simple rectangles. Difference ablation rates between polymer and copper allow the laser to trench the conformal coating and stop automatically when a metal layer is exposed. This self-terminating process leads to a precise exposure even when the conformal coating thickness differs from part to part. For the utmost in surface quality picosecond lasers can be employed. Their shorter pulse duration allows for an even lower surface roughness and less thermal impact on the package. Using an ultrafast laser, such as a 10ps laser, has the additional advantage that the process scales in speed with increased laser power. The excellent edge quality and possibility to cut random shapes allow laser-based processes to complement mechanical processes in high-end applications. We will present a full cost of ownership model that allows the designer to predict the exact singulation and trenching cost for a given package size.
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Scholz, Bernd, Ismir Pekmic, Syed Sajid Ahmad, and Aaron Reinholz. "Tape-Peel Testing as a Simple Method to Evaluate the Adhesion of Coated Layers on Metal Core PCB." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2010, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 000127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2010-ta4-paper4.
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Conventional printed circuit boards (PCBs) may be replaced by thinner metal-core boards for some applications, as well as for package substrates. Using thin, metal-core technology may provide advantages for radio frequency (RF) circuits and packages, and increase heat dissipation for high power applications. The metal-core technology discussed in this paper has several layers including the metal core, electro-coated dielectric, sputtered metal layers, and electroplated copper. For PCB and substrate reliability, it is important to have sufficient adhesion between the dielectric layer and plated copper. Sputtered metal layers with cleaning pre-treatments are one of the methods to improve the interfacial adhesion. This paper describes an efficient testing method for the adhesion of a thin sputtered metal layer to a dielectric substrate. In this method, adhesive tape was attached to the surface and peeled off at 90 degrees in a tensile tester. Due to the sub-micron thickness of the sputtered layers, conventional peel test methods could not be applied. Typical adhesion testing of upper layers like paint coatings use a lattice pattern. The new method provided a convenient, repeatable way to evaluate the adhesion of three different sputtered metals with fifteen different pretreatment combinations. The test results were used to choose the sputtered metal and were later confirmed by testing the copper plated assembly using the metal adhesion specification in the industry standard IPC-TM-650. A review of other methods and the need to identify an easy to use method which can provide repeatable quantitative measurements.
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Wang, Lei, Cheng Qiang An, Jie Sun, Hai Yun Yu, and Chang Sheng Liu. "Adhesion Mechanism Analysis of Prepainted Steel Sheet at UV Ageing Test." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 1470–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.1470.
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The aim of this study is to analyse the adhesion mechanism of prepainted steel sheet at UV ageing to simulate nature environment by means of T-bend, FTIR, SEM, EIS. After 2000 hours of ageing in the UV chamber we observed the adhesion decline of prepainted steel sheet by the T-bend test. Taking into account the characteristic peak position and intensity of FTIR spectroscopy was Hardly any change during the ageing period, there is no chemistry reaction on the organic coatings. However, After 2000 hours ageing the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the prepainted steel sheet showed lower impedance. SEM result indicated that larger defects were found on the coating surface, which it is easy that the outside corrosive substances to meet metal substrate. In this way, the corrosive medium accelerated corrosion electrochemical reaction on the metal. growing corrosion products diffused between the metal substrate and the organic coating to destroy their binding. At last, the increscent corrosive area on metal interface caused the adhesion decline.
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Dvořák, Milan, and Emil Schwarzer. "New Methods Testing of Adhesion of the Coating to Sheet Metal by Bending." Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology 02, no. 02 (2012): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jsemat.2012.22011.
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Prakash, P. Shakti, S. J. Pawar, and R. P. Tewari. "Synthesis, characterization, and coating of forsterite (Mg2SiO4) based material over medical implants: A review." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 6 (April 18, 2017): 1227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420717705151.
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Biocompatible metallic alloys (stainless steel, Ti-alloy, Co–Cr alloys, etc.) have been frequently used for various biomedical implants. Being biocompatible, complications like implant corrosion, body inflammation, organ pain, local infection, and cytotoxicity cannot be avoided. Hydroxyapatite, a common biomaterial, is used in the form of powders, coatings, and composites for biomedical applications. But poor adhesion, poor load-bearing capacity, high dissolution, poor wear resistance, natural fragility, etc. are the few hindrances in the use of hydroxyapatite coating over implants. Hence, there is a need to focus on the development of alternative biomaterials and their coatings for metallic (orthopedic, dental, metallic stents, pacemakers, etc.) implants. To avoid various complexities and to improve the biocompatibility of metal implants, the coating of forsterite and its composites are being used nowadays. Techniques like dip coating, plasma spraying, and electrophoretic deposition are employed for such coatings. In this paper, a review based on methods of preparation of forsterite has been done. For the preparation of forsterite powder, various studies have reported the sintering temperature range to be 800–1450 ℃ and the crystallite size from 10 nm to 100 µm. The forsterite and its composites coating over Ti-alloy and stainless steel have also been reported. This paper also compares the mechanical and biological properties of forsterite and hydroxyapatite. It has been observed that the mechanical properties (hardness, fracture toughness, Young’s modulus, and compressive strength), and biological properties (biocompatibility and bioactivity) of forsterite are favorable for the biomedical implant coating.
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Lindner, Thomas, Erik Saborowski, Mario Scholze, Benjamin Zillmann, and Thomas Lampke. "Thermal Spray Coatings as an Adhesion Promoter in Metal/FRP Joints." Metals 8, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8100769.
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In this study, various structuring methods for creating adhesion by mechanical interlocking in the interface of metal/FRP (fiber-reinforced polymer) joints are investigated. A novel processing route using thermal spray coatings as additive structure is presented. Different coating systems are first assessed by axial loading tests with spray-coated plungers for the evaluation of the additive layer adhesion on the metallic base material. Additional microstructures, produced by different abrasive processes (corundum blasting, laser structuring, and fine milling) are compared with the additive structures. All surface structures are characterized by electron microscopy for two sheet materials: DC06 and AA6016-T4. The abrasive structures show a significant material dependence, while the selected coating system offers the adjustment to different base materials by an independent surface layer. The structured metal sheets were further joined to glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) by hot pressing to evaluate the interface properties in tensile shear tests. The results confirm a suitability of thermal spray coatings for providing a high bonding strength in metal/FRP joints for both investigated metallic substrate materials.
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Petrunin, M. A., N. A. Gladkikh, M. A. Maleeva, A. A. Rybkina, E. V. Terekhova, T. A. Yurasova, V. E. Ignatenko, L. B. Maksaeva, V. A. Kotenev, and A. Yu Tsivadze. "Improving the Anticorrosion Characteristics of Polymer Coatings in the Case of Their Modification with Compositions Based on Organosilanes." Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces 57, no. 2 (March 2021): 374–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2070205121020076.
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Abstract The effect of a series of organosilanes and their mixtures with corrosion inhibitors on the anticorrosion properties of polymer and paint coatings on steel, namely, on the adhesive characteristics of the coatings and corrosion behavior of the metal in the presence of coatings modified with organosilanes, corrosion inhibitors, and their mixtures, is studied. It is shown that mixtures of 1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA) with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) or aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane—diaminosilane (DAS) inhibit the local dissolution and underfilm corrosion of carbon steel, and the potential of local depassivation shifts by 0.3–0.4 V. Here, compact polymer-like layers that are strongly bound to the metal surface are formed on the surface of steel. Corrosion and mechanical tests of the samples of pipe steels with different types of inhibiting compositions are conducted. The effect of the inhibitors on the crack growth under static loading in a model soil electrolyte (pH of 5.5) and on the crack resistance of steel under slow tension in an NS-4 model underfilm electrolyte (pH of 7.0) is evaluated. The tests are performed in media free from and containing hydrogen sulfide. It is shown that the best inhibiting properties are manifested by the mixtures of corrosion inhibitors with organosilanes. Comparative laboratory and bench tests for the adhesive strength, water resistance, and resistance to cathodic detachment of the adhesive junctions obtained upon applying the modified polymer and paint coatings onto the surface of steel are performed. It is found that introducing a mixture of organosilane and a corrosion inhibitor improves the adhesive properties of polymer and paint coatings.
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Berkouch, Réda, Raphaëlle Bernardie, Stéphane Valette, Pierre Lefort, and Joseph Absi. "Rupture of alumina coatings on C35 steel: A numerical simulation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 12 (July 28, 2020): 1475–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420720945742.
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The knowledge of the rupture mechanism of multilayer systems is necessary for improving the bonding of materials, particularly for the ceramic-to-metal junctions, and especially in the case of the ceramic coatings on metallic substrates. For this purpose, coupling experimental measurements of macroscopic interfacial adhesions with numerical tools of fracture mechanics allow understanding how the stress distribution and the cracking mechanisms are influenced by the local environment. This brings an explanation to the cracks initiation and propagation and to the role of local characteristics of the interfacial zone. The present work illustrates this, in the case of alumina coatings strongly bonded to C35 steel substrates previously pre-oxidized in CO2. The experimental tool is based on the “silver print test”. It consists in covering the central part of the samples with a thin layer of silver paint before coating in order to create a defect zone. Concerning the numerical part, the finite element method is used as a powerful tool to describe the mechanical phenomena at the local scale influencing the crack propagation. The obtained numerical results show a good agreement with the experimental observations and they allow a local description of the phenomena influencing the cracking mechanism. Moreover, they lead to a concrete proposition for improving the coatings adherence.
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Zmeeva, N. A. "Determination of residual strain in steel wire cord by chemical method." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 2 (August 9, 2019): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2019-2-72-75.
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The article presents a method for determining the residual strain in the steel wire cord of construction 3x0,30. The causes of residual strain, the effect on the quality of finished product and the determination of the degree of residual strain by chemical method are considered. The cause of residual strain is uneven plastic deformation of a solid body due to various changes in different places of its length and volume. Residual strain of steel wire cord are made up of stresses existing in the wire after drawing, and the stresses created during the lay of wire.An important task in the framework of the metal wire cord manufacturing technology, which is faced by specialists at «BMW» – the Management Company of the Holding «BMC» is to reduce residual strains at all stages of metal wire cord manufacturing. Residual strains are an additional factor affecting the adhesive strength and durability of adhesive joints.The principle of determining the residual strains is to remove the coating from the metal wire cord, paint the transverse halves of each thread. Then the filaments are impregnated with nitric acid, and the residual strain on the surface is recorded as the difference between the residual strains of the two halves of the wire.
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Demes, Michael, Jan Beuscher, Markus Kühn, and Klaus Dröder. "Influencing Intermetallic Layers of Hot Stamped Steel for Adhesively Bonded Plastic Metal Hybrids." Key Engineering Materials 801 (May 2019): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.801.258.
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Hot stamping of high strength steel parts is an established way to realize today ́s structural lightweight components in car bodies through sheet thickness reduction. The steel typically used for hot stamping is a boron-manganese 22MnB5 steel reaching up to 1,900 MPa in strength. New boron-manganese alloys achieving higher strength are expected to be developed, generating challenges for the manufacturing process by means of formability. Thus, a further reduction of steel thickness resulting in lighter components is not expected. Hybrid lightweight design approaches aim at weight reduction by reducing steel thickness and applying fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) to regain structural stiffness and strength. The use of residual heat remaining from the hot stamping process allows to activate adhesives to bond FRP to hot stamped steel. The performances of adhesive bonds depend strongly on surface characteristics. To avoid scaling and decarburization during the heating process several coatings for hot stamped steels are used forming intermetallic layers through heat treatment. The most common coating in today’s automotive application is an Al-Si coating. Thus, the overall performance of the adhesive bonded hot stamped metal polymer hybrid is not only depending on adhesives performance but also strongly on the hot stamped steel’s coating performance. In this paper, the characteristics of hot stamped steel 22MnB5 Al-Si coating are investigated with regard to adhesion performance. Therefore, hot stamped specimens are manufactured under realistic industrial conditions investigating the influence of furnace temperature and dwell time on the overall coating and intermetallic layers of Al-Si coating. The specimens are investigated with respect to Al-Si coating thickness, lap shear strength of hybrid specimen and tensile strength of hot stamped steel demonstrating the dependency of the overall hybrid specimen performance from the coating performance.
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Jinks, Damien, Hugh Brown, and David Buxton. "A variable radius roll adhesion test (VaRRAT) suitable for measuring the adhesion of paint to metal." Journal of Coatings Technology 74, no. 3 (March 2002): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02720160.
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Krivenko, Pavel, Sergii Guzii, and Hameedi Abdullah Jafar Al-Musaedi. "Atmospheric Corrosion Protection of Metallic Structures Using Geocements-Based Coatings." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.239.
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It is known that load-bearing metallic structures that are in service in the atmospheric conditions showed that are exposed to corrosion. The known-in-the art paint-and-lacquer protective coatings can provide protection of metal surfaces for a rather short period between 5 to 10 years. That is why these structures should be protected by the more advanced coatings of new generation, namely: geocement-based coatings which differ from the known-in-the-art binding materials by formation in the hydration products of the zeolite-like minerals and feldspathoids. The paper discusses substantiation of choice of geocement composition in the (хК, уna)2O⋅Al2O3⋅nSiO2⋅mH2O system, target synthesis of hydration products of the geocements matrix in the fields of dynamic cavitation, optimal parameters of cavitation treatment aimed at nanostructurization of the geocements matrix in order to synthesize zeolite-like and hydromicaceous phases, choice of appropriate hardening agents and fillers etc. for producing highly efficient protective coatings with high corrosion resistance, high adhesion to metallic substrate and durability.
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Giedenbacher, Jochen, Anna Elisabeth Raab, Christian Walch, and Aziz Huskic. "The Quantification of Galling in Forming Operations of Hot Dip Galvanized Sheet Metal under Laboratory Conditions." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.607.
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In the sheet metal forming industry, tools are subject to mechanical, thermal, chemical and tribological loads. One of the major problems in forming operations of hot-dip galvanized sheet metal is galling (build-up of zinc flakes on the tool). This phenomenon develops gradually as an adhesion on the tool surface. The adhesive wear leads to high rejection and reworking costs for large car body forming tools. Due to economic aspects and the easy castability, the forming tools are made of cast iron. These materials tend to high adhesive wear. The aim of this project is to find a three-dimensional surface parameter, which describes a tribologically advantageous surface of forming tools in order to reduce galling. An additional objective is to optimize tool materials, heat treatment and surface coating. The evaluation of galling under laboratory conditions is based on strip drawing tests. The characterization of tool materials was executed for grey cast iron (EN-GJL-200/250) and nodular cast iron (EN-GJS-700). Investigations demonstrate that the processing methods and test parameters like sliding speed and temperature have a significant influence on galling. Three-dimensional surface parameters have also shown an effect on galling.
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Ul-Hamid, Anwar, Huseyin Saricimen, Abdul Quddus, and Luai M. Al-Hems. "Failure analysis of coated galvanized steel panels." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 64, no. 4 (June 5, 2017): 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-05-2016-1669.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper was to determine the mode and cause of failure of polyester-coated galvanized corrugated steel sheets that exhibited degradation of the coating after seven months into service. Design/methodology/approach Visual inspection and light microscopy revealed the extent of damage exhibited by the panels. Standard metallographic techniques were used to prepare samples obtained from both unused and failed sections. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques were used to study the surface morphology, microstructural features, elemental composition and structure of the samples. Findings The failure occurred in the form of delamination and blistering of coated layer. Presence of solar radiation, humidity and water retention resulted in loss of adhesion, leading to coating delamination and flaking especially at the top surface. The coating at the bottom surface of the panels showed evidence of blistering caused by water vapor differential that existed between the environment and the coating because of prolonged (four months) wet conditions that existed at the manufacturer’s site during storage. Practical implications It is recommended that the coated panels are stored in covered area where direct exposure to atmospheric conditions can be prevented. If open storage is unavoidable, then the use of tarpaulin or plastic sheet as covering and vapor-phase inhibitors was recommended. Originality/value This paper provides an account of failure analysis of metal sheet panels. It identifies the mode and cause of failure and also provides recommendations to avoid such occurrences in the future. The information contained in this paper is useful for plant engineers and project managers working in the metal sheet industry.
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Prabhune, Shantanu C., and Ramesh Talreja. "Assessment of adhesively bonded joints subjected to surface damage by paint removal." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 79, no. 4 (July 10, 2007): 360–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00022660710758231.
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PurposeTo provide a basis for making assessment of the safety of adhesively bonded joints after they have been de‐painted by a dry abrasive method or a wet chemical method.Design/methodology/approachStress analysis by a finite element method has been conducted for metal/composite and composite/composite joints in a single lap configuration. The effects of degradation of composite and adhesive, separately or combined, on the stresses in the adhesive layer bonding the two components are studied. Effects of wet and dry conditions of de‐painting are included in the study. It is assumed that in the composite these conditions affect only the laminae close to the surface from which the paint coating is removed.FindingsThe locations and values of the maximum peel and shear stresses in the adhesive are determined for both joints under different assumed conditions of degradation caused by de‐painting.Research limitations/implicationsExperimental data indicating the extent of surface damage caused by de‐painting is not available.Originality/valueExtensive literature study did not show any investigation of composite surface damage and adhesive property degradation on integrity of adhesively bonded joints. Results reported here will be of use in assessing effects of de‐painting on the structural performance of adhesively bonded joints.
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Kausar, Ayesha. "Corrosion prevention prospects of polymeric nanocomposites: A review." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 35, no. 2 (October 11, 2018): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087918806027.
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Corrosion is a serious problem for implementing metallic components and devices in industrial zones. Considerable effort has been made to develop corrosion prevention strategies. Initially, paints, pigments, and organic coatings have been applied to prevent metal corrosion. Consequently, conjugated polymers, epoxy resin, phenolics, acrylic polymers, and many thermoplastics as well as thermoset resins have been used to inhibit corrosion. Lately, nanofillers such as fullerene, nanodiamond, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotube, carbon black, nanoclay, and inorganic nanoparticle have been introduced in polymeric matrices to harness valuable corrosion protection properties of the nanocomposite. Corrosion protection performance of a nanocomposite depends on nanofiller dispersion, physical and covalent interaction between matrix/nanofiller and nanofiller adhesion to the substrate. Moreover, a high performance anti-corrosion nanocomposite must have good barrier properties, and high scratch, impact, abrasion, and chemical resistance. Thus, polymeric nanocomposites have been found to prevent corrosion in aerospace and aircraft structural parts, electronic components, bipolar plates in fuel cells, and biomedical devices and systems. However, numerous challenges need to be addressed in this field to attain superior corrosion resistant nanocomposites. Future research on polymer nanocomposites has the potential to resolve the current challenges of metal corrosion through entire replacement of metal-based materials with advanced nanomaterials.
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Gaebel, Christoph Michael. "Formability of an Anti-Fingerprint Coating Considering the Corrosion Behavior of the Stainless Steel Substrate." Advanced Materials Research 769 (September 2013): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.769.189.
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Ground and satin stainless steel surfaces are often applied to lend various products a characteristic high-quality appearance. Examples can be found in interior and exterior architecture, passenger elevators, public ticket machines and cover panels of white goods. In everyday use the visual appearance of these products is impaired by soiling. Especially on the surfaces of household appliances fingerprints tend to accumulate. On satin stainless steel parts the cutaneous sebum sticks to the brush marks. Thus extensive cleaning effort is required. Since several years the manufacturers of stainless steel offer satin stainless-steel sheet metal equipped with thin clear coatings for this application. The clear coating fills the brush marks and also causes a better wetting behavior and optimal cleaning properties. In this regard, the term easy-to-clean surface is common.The manufacturers face the challenge of applying a very thin clear coating with an index of refraction adjusted to the satin stainless steel surface and the cutaneous sebum. Thus, ideally the coating should not be distinguishable, concerning haptic and optic properties. The thickness of these coatings amounts to a few micrometers. Therefore, the heat transfer coefficient of the surface only varies minimally and the surface does not feel painted. The advantageous wetting behavior and the slightly differing reflection properties of the clear coating contribute to reducing the adhesion and conspicuousness of fingerprints significantly. Because of these attributes the term anti-fingerprint coatings is used.A further prerequisite for the application of anti-fingerprint coatings in high-quality parts is a good scratch resistance. Therefore, nanoparticle-reinforced coating systems are applied. Typically hard particles like SiO2 or Al2O3 are used. In addition to this, a curing procedure by ultraviolet radiation combined with a suitable solvent-free coating system can be used. This further improves the hardness and scratch resistance of the coating. Due to these requirements the clear coatings are applied in a coil-coating procedure. Consequently, the final painted sheets have to be processed to the respective sheet metal part. Common forming processes for white goods’ panels are bending and crash forming. After forming the final processor does not spend any effort on varnishing or curing on-site which leads to special cost savings in comparison to a piecework coating.The required performance characteristics of the anti-fingerprint coating allow no compromises concerning the coating system with regard to the formability. During forming operations damage is caused to the clear coating in the form of crack formation and delamination. Due to the optical properties of coating systems specifically adjusted to ground stainless steel surfaces, the defects in the clear coating are difficult to identify precisely. However, the properties of the final painted sheet metals’ surface are impaired. This also includes the corrosion resistance which must be taken into account especially for stainless steel applications, e.g. in the kitchen area or in outdoor applications.On the one hand this paper deals with experimental analyses for the identification of the defects caused to an anti-fingerprint clear coating by forming operations. The elaborated procedure is used to identify cracks and delamination due to bending operations. In the experiments mandrel bending specimens of the coated stainless steel sheet metal are formed. Due to different bending radii the intensity of cracks and delamination in the coating varies. But the orientation of the bending edge towards the grinding direction also influences the damage intensity and the damage characteristics. These specimens are also examined in a salt spray test to determine the influence of the different coating damages on the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel substrate. In comparison, the same stainless steel sheet metal material without clear coating is tested simultaneously. The comparison demonstrates the influence of the coating and the deformation-induced damages. On the other hand, to examine the damages as a result of a typical forming process a simplified oven panel is manufactured in a crash forming tool. The front side of the panel remains flat and shows no strains. But along the sharp bending radius, which is typical for the design of high-quality white goods’ applications, cracks in the clear coating can be observed. The experimental results show an influence on the coating damages resulting from the use of a deep draw foil. Furthermore, the forming tool features a heating device and panels are formed at higher temperatures with an effect on the coating damages.
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Abraham, Tim, Günter Bräuer, Felix Kretz, and Peter Groche. "Observation of the a-C:H run-in behaviour for dry forming applications of aluminium." MATEC Web of Conferences 190 (2018): 14001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819014001.
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Amorphous hydrogenated carbon coatings (a-C:H) are well known for their exceptional tribological properties and are established as tool coatings for numerous forming applications. However, utilized in dry forming processes of aluminium a premature failure of an a-C:H coated tool often occurs due to strong adhesive wear. In this paper the run-in behaviour of a-C:H is investigated and as a possible reason for the premature tool failure evaluated. Therefore, oscillating ball-on-disc tribometer tests and strip drawing tests, for a more realistic emulation of real forming processes, will be conducted. According to these tests, the run-in period of a-C:H coatings is characterized by a high friction value and adhesion tendency and thus is decisive for the tool performance. Based on a subsequent analysis of the coating wear, the predominating wear mechanisms during the run-in period are discussed. The intrinsic nanomater-scale a-C:H roughness is identified as a crucial factor determining the tribological properties of the run-in behaviour. By reducing the coating roughness prior to the forming process, the adhesion tendency and friction value can be reduced significantly. The results demonstrate the tribological performance of pre-treated a-C:H coatings for dry sheet metal forming of aluminium EN AW-5083.
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van Ooij, W. J., A. Sabata, and A. D. Appelhans. "Application of surface analysis techniques to the study of paint/metal interfaces related to adhesion and corrosion performance." Surface and Interface Analysis 17, no. 7 (June 16, 1991): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740170703.
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Ahlstand, Gib. "Standardizing SEM Beam Current for EDS Without Use of a Current Meter." Microscopy Today 2, no. 5 (August 1994): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500066323.
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If you do not have a Faraday-type incident beam current meter on your SEM, use the following procedure to set up a calibrated, reproducible beam current when doing EDS. Of course, you won't know the actual vaiue of the beam current in picoamps, but at least you'll know you can set the same value from sample to sample and day to day.Mount a small, clean metal foil, 2x3 mm, aluminum or copper, onto the edge of each stub that the samples and standards are mounted on using colloidal graphite paint or double stick tape (after carbon or other evaporative conductive coatings have been applied to sample). Run a little colloidal graphite around an edge or two to provide additional adhesive support and a conductive bridge between the foil and the stub. Before taking sample or standards spectra, move the electron beam to the foil and as you accumulate its spectrum, set a region of interest, or window, on the principle K-shell peak of the aluminum or copper spectrum.
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Bressan, J. D., G. A. Battiston, R. Gerbasi, and D. P. Daros. "Wear on SAE 52100 with Nanocoating Al2O3 by MOCVD Process." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 1336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.1336.
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Present work investigates the wear resistance of SAE 52100 steel coated with nanocoating Al2O3 by the Metal-organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) process. The wear tests by sliding and abrasion were performed in a ball-on-disc apparatus whose ball substrate was SAE 52100 steel. The MOCVD nanocoating processes were carried out in a research laboratory apparatus at 240oC under N2 + O2+ H2O atmosphere. The counterface discs were ABNT 1008 steel sheet used in the Brazilian fridge industry. The wear resistance of the nanocoated steel spheres were evaluated through the ball-on-disc test, using a sliding velocity 0.6 m/s, normal loads of 20 N and 30 N, total sliding distance up to 2400 m and controlled conditions of temperature and humidity at 25oC and 42% respectively. The balls material substrates were submitted to two distinct coating procedures: direct Al2O3 film deposition on substrate, or phosphatizing and then Al2O3 deposition via MOCVD. The discs were tested as received. From the plotted graphs of cumulative lost volume versus sliding distance, lower wear rates were observed for the nanocoated SAE 52100 sphere compared to the sphere without coating, i.e., nanocoating with Al2O3 increases the sphere wear resistance. This is probably due to a reasonable film adhesion. The balls phosphatized and coated with Al2O3 showed similar wear resistance but a spherical micro-grain film of Al2O3 . The wear mechanisms were also examined by scanning electron microscopy.
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Häfner, Tom, Benedict Rothammer, Jennifer Tenner, Kim Krachenfels, Marion Merklein, Stephan Tremmel, and Michael Schmidt. "Adaption of tribological behavior of a-C:H coatings for application in dry deep drawing." MATEC Web of Conferences 190 (2018): 14002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819014002.
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Nowadays the sheet metal forming industry faces challenges regarding efficient usage of resources and sustainability. One strategy to increase the environmental friendliness is to abandon the application of lubricants. The direct contact between tool and workpiece leads to an intensive interaction which increases friction. Especially for deep drawing processes with long sliding distances, this causes distinctive wear. The tool sided application of carbon based coatings is a well-known approach to reduce friction and wear. Former studies have shown a beneficial behavior of hydrogenated amorphous carbon based coatings (a-C:H) to improve the tribological conditions in contact with steel sheets and aluminium alloys under dry conditions. Within this study the coating process and the resulting coating properties will be analyzed. Afterwards mechanical and laser based surface treatment processes prior and after the deposition process will be investigated to reduce the coating roughness. Different roughness values were achieved by varying the surface treatment processes. The laser based finishing enables a reduction of the Spk values by removing single roughness asperities. In order to identify the necessary process parameters for the laser treatment, an analytical model of the material removal was applied. The laser surface treatment achieved similar roughness characteristics compared to mechanical treatment. In this study the tribological behavior of a-C:H coated tools was analyzed under dry conditions within strip drawing tests. The tribological investigations revealed that for dry deep drawing of zinc coated DC04 a broader range of Spk values leads to acceptable tribological conditions whereas for AA5182 a smoother tool surface has to be ensured to prevent adhesion and utilize the full potential of a-C:H coatings.
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Racicot, R. J., S. C. Yang, and R. Brown. "Polymeric Complexes of Polyaniline as Anticorrosion Coatings." MRS Proceedings 488 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-488-733.
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AbstractDuring the past few years there has been a strong interest in developing conducting polymers as an alternative to the traditional anticorrosion coatings. One of the driving forces for this research comes from the need for an environmentally friendly chromate-free anticorrosion coating for highstrength light weight aluminum alloys. The possibilities for a new scratch-tolerant paint for steel prompted the development of conductive polymer anticorrosion paints. By molecular engineering, we have synthesized a double-strand polymeric complex of polyaniline that is suitable as an anticorrosion paint on metals in low pH environments. In this article, we will discuss (1) the molecular design for solubility and adhesion, (2) the effectiveness of the electroactive coating under electrochemical impedance tests, and (3) a mechanistic study of the anticorrosion mechanism by examining the polymer/metal interfacial interactions.
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Joglekar-Athavale, Amruta, Ganapati Shankarling, Satishchandra Dubey, Vinita Deshpande, Bikashkumar Jaiswal, and Arun Nayak. "Solar absorptive coating: a thermally stable spinel pigment based coating with inorganic binder for waterborne paint." Pigment & Resin Technology ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (December 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-06-2020-0065.
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Purpose The spectrally selective solar absorption paint is prepared from spinel-based mixed metal oxides with inorganic binder as a key component. Inorganic binder (furnace cement) is blended with mixed metal oxide pigment during synthesis. High temperature stability upto 1,100ºC is achieved by the use of this modified coating system. The purpose of this paper is to work on solar selective coating synthesis, and application of a coating as a water-borne paint is the additive key feature that helps in reduction of solvent use. Design/methodology/approach The paint was formulated using water-based system, and the main component of colorant was made by mixed metal oxide–based spinel pigment and highly temperature stable inorganic binder. Findings The paint formed shows excellent absorptive power with low emittance even at high temperature. Optical and thermal properties were determined along with adhesion, abrasion and other properties. The solar absorptance for these samples were as = 0.93–0.95 with corresponding thermal emittance of eT = 0.096 (at room temperature) and 0.2–0.22 (at elevated temperature 100°C). Originality/value The paint formed shows excellent absorptive power with low emittance even at high temperature. The paint can be applied in solar absorptive tower system. The obtained results indicated excellent thermal stability of prepared paint coatings. As inorganic binder was used, the paint has reduction in solvent use, and being water as a base, it is environment friendly, easy to apply and durable at high temperatures, as the binder itself is stable up to 1,500ºC.
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"Characterization of Surface Coating Techniques for Improved Performance." International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Sciences 5, no. 9 (May 20, 2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijies.i0975.055920.
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Surface coating has evolved with time, tracking the demands of the processing industry. This research activity, studies the significance of powder coatings in the evolution of existing conventional surface coating technology for their practical applications in the field of metal coating, particularly office and home appliances. The first objective of this work involves a systematic comparison between polymer powder coatings with liquid-based coatings. In the second objective, a comparison between the polymer coatings with additive filled powder coating was performed. Various conventional substrates (such as copper, aluminium, galvanized iron, brass, cement plank, wood block) were used for this study. The materials were first dry scuffed and then dipped in 3 in 1 chemical (zinc phosphate chemical and magnesium phosphate) for the primer coat. The prepared substrates were surface coated with liquid paint (on one side of the panel) using spray gun and powder paint (on another side of panel) using electrostatic spraying. The coated panels are then subjected to various standard (ISO) characterization techniques such as Scratch hardness test, Flexibility test, Thickness test, Adhesion test, Impact resistance test etc to analyze the effectiveness of the coatings applied. The quantitative and qualitative results thus obtained using powder coatings were promising (e.g: As the load progressively kept increasing i.e. 1000-2000 gm, mild scratches were noticeable on liquid coated substrates whereas powder coated metal panels have shown a greater resistance to scratch damage) as the test values determined high strength quality and durability (in-line with the standards) in comparison with liquid coatings. Also, the doping of additive (graphene) in small quantity has improved characteristics and qualities of the powder coated materials (e.g: graphene based powder coating has endured scratch hardness test beyond 2500 gms load force compared to simple powder coating). The findings of the current research study has confirmed the advantage of the powder coating technology and also deliberated the effect of fine powder flow ability. The important future prospects of this research work is that., powder coatings will stand on the threshold of exciting breakthroughs thus opening new frontiers by being able to coat thick steel components and even non-metal substrates. Also, the recent advances in powder coating technology with anticorrosive additives will result in bonded metallic coatings that deliver a unique, quality appearance.
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GUZII 1, Sergii, and Pavel KRIVENKO 1. "The effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on performance of the alkaline aluminosilicate coatings for metal structures." Materials Science: Advanced Composite Materials 2, no. 1 (August 16, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/msacm.v2i1.696.
Full textAbstract:
Load-bearing metal structures working in atmospheric conditions are exposed to corrosion. Known-in-the art paint-and-lacquer protective coatings can provide protection of metal for rather short period of time (5…10 years). These structures can be effectively protected by more advanced coatings of new generation, namely: alkaline aluminosilicate binder-based coatings of barrier type. These binders differ from the known-in-the-art binding materials by formation in their hydration products of zeolite-like minerals and feldspathoids. The paper discusses principles laid down in formulating the binder composition in the (хК, уNa)2OAl2O3nSiO2mH2O system, target synthesis of hydration products of the binder matrix under influence of dynamic of the binder matrix in cavitation, optimal parameter order to synthesis of cavitation treatment aimed at nanostructuring of zeolite-like and hydromica phases after solidification. These coatings exhibit high corrosion resistance, high adhesion to metal substrate and durability results of restoration works that had been carried out in December 2010 of the Big Bell Tower of the Kiev Petchersk Lavra in order to protect corroded metal surfaces by applying the aluminosilicate binder-based coatings, the major constituent (binder) of which was represented by (0.72Na2O+0.28K2O)1.5Al2O3(4.56)SiO217.5H2O are discussed in details. In 2016, after 6 years of service in high humidity conditions and other aggressive exposures, the coated metal structures were examined and no sign of corrosion of metal substrate and damage of the applied coating was found.
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Li, Wei, Liangchi Zhang, Chuhan Wu, Zhenxiang Cui, and Chao Niu. "Influence of Tool and Workpiece Properties on the Wear of the Counterparts in Contact Sliding." Journal of Tribology 144, no. 2 (May 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4050902.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In a deep drawing process, the contact sliding between the surfaces of a metal sheet and a die/mold under high contact stresses brings about wear of both the counterpart surfaces. This paper aims to investigate the influence of tool and workpiece properties on the wear behaviors subjected to cylinder-on-flat sliding conditions. The effects of different tool materials (Cr12MoV, SKD11, and DC53), radii, surface hardness, and surface treatment processes including thermal diffusion (TD) coating, nitriding coating, and vacuum heat treatment (VHT) were investigated. Two types of workpieces with high tensile strength (DP980 and QP980) were also applied in the tests. The friction coefficient, surface morphology, and material removal were analyzed with the aid of load cells installed and microscopy measurements. It was found that the DC53 tool experiences the smallest tool wear and material transfer. The least material transfer is attributed to its low adhesion to workpiece material, which also results in more wear debris and a higher friction coefficient. The TD coated tool surface can further improve the wear resistance and bring about the lowest friction coefficient. The debris density associated with the TD coating is also the smallest. These findings provide a useful guideline for the design and optimization of molds/dies for the deep drawing processes of sheet metals.
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"Effect of Alkali Hydroxide on the Properties of PTFE Graphite Bonded Aluminium Titanium Composite Sheet." Advance in Environmental Waste Management & Recycling 3, no. 2 (June 20, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/aewmr.03.02.11.
Full textAbstract:
This study focused on the effect of some alkali hydroxide on the properties of a composite sheet prepared by power spray coating of clean aluminium-titanium sheets with PTFE/graphite emulsion. The blank sheets were washed with hot water and dried at 80 °C for 5-6 minutes before power spraying of colorless polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE/graphite emulsion in perfluoro kerosene followed by hot-rolling under a pressure of 150-200 KPa at the temperature 50 °C higher than the melting temperature of the PTFE polymer (Du Pont). The obtained sandwich was sintered at 550 °C for a few minutes. Alkali hydroxide was added to the polymer emulsion before spraying. Results showed that temperature and time enhanced the extent of adhesion of the two metals to form a homogeneous composite metal sheet. Alkali hydroxide inclusion deteriorates the stability of the prepared sheet. The alkali effect was because PTFE is inactive material, Incompatible with molten alkali metals and alkali hydroxide. The disability of the alkali hydroxide to be incompatible with the polymer material experienced changes in its intrinsic properties. Alkali halides have insignificant effect. Alkali halides just displayed a filling in material.