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Journal articles on the topic 'Paint – Analysis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Loganina, Valentina, and Elena Kuimova. "Methods of multi-dimensional statistical analysis for assessing the impact of applying technology of paint formulation." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 03039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913503039.

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Application information of the method of canonical correlations to assess the influence of technological factors on the quality of paint coat of building products and structures are provided below. The algorithm for calculating the method of canonical correlations is considered. It is shown that the substrate porosity is determinative for the paint coat quality. The viscosity of the paint applied by the pneumatic method affects the quality indicators less, especially compare to brush application. The coefficients in canonical variables characterize the strength of the influence of the relevant signs-factors and the efficiency of indicators on the level of communication between them. Various ways of applying paint are considered on substrate with a porosity of 24%, 28%, 32% on the example of oil paints MA-15, of alkyd paint PF-115, of water dispersion paint AK-111, it is shown, that the porosity of the substrate is a decisive factor in determining the quality of the paint coating. The viscosity of the paint when applied by the pneumatic method affects the quality indicators less compared to the brush application.

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2

Hsu, Chang Hsien, Chun Ming Yang, Chi Yuan Chen, and Erin Wei Ling Ding. "Applying Process Capability Analysis in Paint Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 775 (July 2015): 464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.775.464.

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The study was made to the Cpm based Process Capability Analysis Chart Cpm (PCACpm) to determine the resistance to ultraviolet radiation poor quality building materials and paints of those characteristics. Finally, sort and identify the characteristics of substandard quality improvement district in order of priority. The proposed method in this study not only to further be extended to other paint products, but also for quality management and process control capabilities of the products.

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3

Ślot, Krzysztof, Krzysztof Strzecha, and Grzegorz Nowak. "Image Analysis-Based Estimation of Metallic and Pearl Add-Ons Concentrations in Automotive Paints." Image Processing & Communications 19, no. 2-3 (September 1, 2014): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipc-2015-0016.

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Abstract The paper reports results of preliminary research on automotive paint dopant concentration assessment based on microscopic image segmentation. The considered task is illconditioned due to the richness and diversity in contents of images to be analyzed. The proposed procedure involves two main phases: image segmentation, where focal-plane paint addons are extracted from the background, and object analysis and classification. The results of experimental verification of the proposed method on a set of eighteen paint pigmented images (black and yellow) show that the estimation can be done with approximately 5% accuracy for paints doped with only single addon type. For add-on mixtures, the results were strongly dependent on pigment color and mutual add-on proportions.

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4

Suzuki, Edward M. "In Situ Identification Of Automotive Paint Organic Pigments Using Infrared Microspectroscopy And Spectral Subtractions." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600013647.

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A forensic examination of automobile paint may involve either a comparative analysis of two paint samples or an attempt to identify a recovered paint chip to determine the make, model, and year of the vehicle from which it originated. Along with microscopy, the main tool which most U.S. forensic laboratories use for such analyses is infrared spectroscopy. Paint binders are normally identified by this means together with some inorganic pigments. Until recently, however, there were no published reports describing the identification of organic pigments in the cured paint samples normally analyzed in the forensic laboratory. The main reasons for this stem from the difficulties in isolating these pigments from the inert paint matrices and the insolubilities of the pigments. Using infrared microspectroscopy and spectral subtractions, several organic pigments used in automotive finishes have now been identified in situ based on spectra of intact paint samples.Infrared spectra were obtained of U.S. automobile original (OEM) finiśhes from the Reference Collection of Automotive Paints.

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5

Zieba-Palus, J. "Selected cases of forensic paint analysis." Science & Justice 39, no. 2 (April 1999): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1355-0306(99)72030-7.

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6

Hidayat, Dian Friana, Ossa Sutaarga, and Akhmad Fakhrurozi. "ANALISA PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN GUDANG BARANG JADI DENGAN ANALISA ABC PADA PERUSAHAAN CAT PT. PR." Journal Industrial Manufacturing 4, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jim.v4i1.1247.

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This research was conducted at a company that produces paints such as wall paint, tile paint, floor paint, steel construction paint and many other types of paint. In addition to these types of paint, color and size are additional factors that cause high product variants. Inventory management with ABC analysis is very necessary to control a number of inventories by taking into account the value of the investment. Based on company conditions and literature, the purpose of this study is to be able to classify inventory in the company and be able to determine inventory control based on ABC classification. The research method is divided into four stages, namely data formulation, data collection, data processing, and analysis and conclusions. Data processed is in 2016, available product variants are 941 items with a total product value of Rp 15,477,094,182.00. The results of ABC analysis are 124 product items or 13.18% A class, 211 product items or 22.42% B class, and 606 product items or 64.40% C class of the total number of products available.Key words : Paint, Inventory Control, ABC Classification

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7

Greening, Timothy. "Identification of α-phase crystallization Pigment Red 254 in artist's paints by powder x-ray diffraction." Powder Diffraction 29, no. 3 (April 15, 2014): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715614000037.

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Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is a pigment widely used in modern paints for industrial and artistic applications. Identification of this pigment in paint for art authentication and forensics has previously been accomplished with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or Laser Raman. Three commercial artist's paints containing DPP were analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Alpha phase DPP was identified in two of the samples, barite extender the only crystalline component identified in the other sample. In conclusion, XRD analysis of paint samples can identify DPP, as can other organic analyses, but has the advantage of being non-destructive and also identifying the crystal structure. However, the fact that in one sample only extender could be identified does impose some limitations on the analysis of paints.

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8

Mih´alik, Andrej, and Roman Ďurikovič. "Metallic paint appearance measurement and rendering." Journal of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Informatics 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jamsi-2013-0010.

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Abstract Humans recognize objects visually on the basis of material composition as well as shape. To acquire a certain level of photorealism, it is necessary to analyze, how the materials scatter the incident light. The key quantity for expressing the directional optical effect of materials on the incident radiance is the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). Our work is devoted to the BRDF measurements, in order to render the synthetic images, mostly of the metallic paints. We measured the spectral reflectance off multiple paint samples then used the measured data to fit the analytical BRDF model, in order to acquire its parameters. In this paper we describe the methodology of the image synthesis from measured data. Materials such as the metallic paints exhibit a sparkling effect caused by the metallic particles scattered within the paint volume. Our analysis of sparkling effect is based on the processing of the multiple photographs. Results of analysis and the measurements were incorporated into the rendering process of car paint

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9

Ahmed Qureshi, Sheraz, Amir Shafeeq, Aamir Ijaz, and Muhammad Moeen Butt. "Development and Regression Modeling of Dirt Resistive Latex Façade Paint." Coatings 9, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9030150.

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A highly dirt-resistant paint for building façades without chemicals harmful to nature and the environment would resolve the unattractive disfigurement of building walls caused by dirt. The current ranking of Pakistan in terms of air pollution is 139th. A set of dirt-resistant paint formulae was constructed with the aid of computer programming. From this set, the best dirt-resistant paint formula was explored and identified. The final determination of the optimum formulation was based on statistically planned experiments conducted in the laboratory and in a natural environment. In order to achieve high-quality results, the best available laboratory equipment were used. The results obtained were analyzed and conclusions were drawn using appropriate statistical techniques. The procedure started with the selection of appropriate raw materials and generation of a target population of 543,143 paint formulations by adopting Basic Language computer programming. The average pigment volume concentration (PVC) percentage was computed using theory and found to be 54.98% for the target population paint formulations, verifying the literature results. Experimentation and statistical analysis were performed to compare the classical conventional agitator with the latest lab equipment such as a nano mill, and it was concluded that the nano mill performs better on average than the conventional agitator in the preparation of paint formulations. Hence, the sample of paint formulations was prepared on a nano mill and tested in the laboratory using advanced available technology for the analysis and comparison of paint properties to determine the best paint formulation. The results were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique, and it was concluded that the newly developed paint has the highest dirt resistance on average. The final selected formula, No. 50 (the newly developed paint), was compared with the three best conventional paints available in the Pakistan market in a natural environment for a period of almost one year. A regression model was also constructed to study the effect of environmental factors like time, temperature, and humidity on the dirt resistance of paints. It was found that the newly developed paint formulation is the most environmentally friendly. It performs equally well as one conventional paint and has higher dirt resistance than two other conventional paint formulations containing harmful chemicals. The regression model of dirt resistance involving variables including time, temperature, and humidity shows that these factors significantly affect the dirt resistance of a given paint at a 5% level of significance. For a given paint, 95.34% of the variation in the dirt resistance is due to and explained by the given factors. The regression model is useful for predicting the average dirt resistance of a given paint with a certain level of confidence. The project exemplifies the work of applied research from conceptualization to successful commercialization in the paint industry.

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10

Igwe, Isaac O., Chinomso M. Ewulonu, Augustine N. Chikei, and B. Nicholas. "Performance Evaluation of Aro-Ndizuogu Local Clay in Alkyd Paint Production." International Journal of Engineering and Technologies 7 (May 2016): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijet.7.87.

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The potentials of Aro-Ndizuogu clay as an extender in gloss paint have been investigated. The physical properties of the local clay investigated: refractive index (1.54), pH (7.10), oil absorption (32g/100g clay), and specific gravity (2.13) compared favourably with that of conventional extenders. Gloss paints were prepared using the local clay (as an extender), xylene as solvent, and alkyd resin as binder. Paint samples prepared using TiO2 pigment was used for comparison. Results obtained from the analysis of the paint samples showed that TiO2 formulated alkyd paint samples exhibited the highest specific gravity (1.42) while the alkyd paint containing 50 % local clay, the least (1.30). While TiO2 formulated paint samples did not show any settling tendency, paint samples containing 50 and 60 % local clay had poor settling tendencies. The resistance of dry paint films was generally good in 20 % Na2CO3, distilled water, and 20 % NaCl. However, all the prepared paint samples failed NH3, and H2SO4 resistance tests. The present study has shown that Aro-Ndizuogu clay exhibited similar performance properties in the prepared alkyd paint samples like TiO2 prepared paint, and should find utilization in the surface coatings industry.

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11

Rotstein, G., N. Shah, E. Sorensen, S. Macchietto, and R. A. Weiss. "Analysis and design of paint manufacturing processes." Computers & Chemical Engineering 22 (March 1998): S279—S282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(98)00065-9.

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12

MATSUDA, Yu, Hiroki YAMAGUCHI, Yasuhiro EGAMI, and Tomohide NIIMI. "Error Analysis of Pressure-Sensitive Paint Measurement." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series B 77, no. 777 (2011): 1189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.77.1189.

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13

Miceli, Thomas J., Katherine A. Pancak, and C. F. Sirmans. "An economic analysis of lead paint laws." Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 12, no. 1 (January 1996): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00127766.

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14

Garrigues, S., and M. de la Guardia. "Fourier transform infrared analysis of paint solvents." Analytica Chimica Acta 242 (1991): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(91)87056-d.

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15

Sia, Chee Kiong, S. Hakimi Mohd, Ong Pauline, and Kuang Jie Fie. "Iron Oxide Rust as Raw Material for the Production of Red Pigment in Paint Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.229.

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In this study, the potential of rust as a pigment in paint technology via sintering process was investigated. Iron (III) nitrate was the raw material used to make rust or iron oxide. The characteristics of iron oxide were analyzed. Moreover, iron oxide was mixed with other chemical components to make paint. The properties of paint in both liquid state and solid state were determined by portable field viscometer, pH indicator, glossmeter, pencil hardness test, and tape adhesive test. The optimum ratio of paint components for this study where used iron oxide as pigment. The other properties of pigments and paints will be conducted in the analysis study.

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16

Malek, Md, Takashi Nakazawa, Hyun-Woo Kang, Kouichi Tsuji, and Chul-Un Ro. "Multi-Modal Compositional Analysis of Layered Paint Chips of Automobiles by the Combined Application of ATR-FTIR Imaging, Raman Microspectrometry, and SEM/EDX." Molecules 24, no. 7 (April 8, 2019): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071381.

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For the forensic analysis of multi-layered paint chips of hit-and-run cars, detailed compositional analysis, including minor/trace chemical components in the multi-layered paint chips, is crucial for the potential credentials of the run-away car as the number of layers, painting process, and used paints are quite specific to the types of cars, color of cars, and their surface protection depending on the car manufacturer and the year of manufacture, and yet overall characteristics of some paints used by car manufacturers might be quite similar. In the present study, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) imaging, Raman microspectrometry (RMS), and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometric (SEM/EDX) techniques were performed in combination for the detailed characterization of three car paint chip samples, which provided complementary and comprehensive information on the multi-layered paint chips. That is, optical microscopy, SEM, and ATR-FTIR imaging techniques provided information on the number of layers, physical heterogeneity of the layers, and layer thicknesses; EDX on the elemental chemical profiles and compositions; ATR-FTIR imaging on the molecular species of polymer resins, such as alkyd, alkyd-melamine, acrylic, epoxy, and butadiene resins, and some inorganics; and RMS on the molecular species of inorganic pigments (TiO2, ZnO, Fe3O4), mineral fillers (kaolinite, talc, pyrophyllite), and inorganic fillers (BaSO4, Al2(SO4)3, Zn3(PO4)2, CaCO3). This study demonstrates that the new multi-modal approach has powerful potential to elucidate chemical and physical characteristics of multi-layered car paint chips, which could be useful for determining the potential credentials of run-away cars.

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17

Yasuda, Takashi, Tetsuo Iwata, Tsutomu Araki, and Takeshi Yasui. "Improvement of minimum paint film thickness for THz paint meters by multiple-regression analysis." Applied Optics 46, no. 30 (October 18, 2007): 7518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.46.007518.

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18

Zhao, Haichao, Yulin Qiao, Xian Du, Sijie Wang, Qing Zhang, Yan Zang, and Zhihai Cai. "Paint Removal with Pulsed Laser: Theory Simulation and Mechanism Analysis." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 5500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245500.

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This paper studies paint removal using laser technology. A finite element model was created using COMSOL Multiphysics software, and the temperature field generated during the cleaning process was analyzed and verified. Laser paint removal behavior was investigated using a fiber laser, and its mechanism studied by combining Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In-depth analysis of this relatively new technology could provide the theoretical basis for industrial application. The results of this study show that, when compared to the original paint layer, the infrared absorption spectrum of the cleaned surface had two additional two peaks—1333.36 cm−1 and 678.82 cm−1. In addition, there was a decrease in C element content on the treated surface and an increase in O content. In addition, new organic and complex compounds were formed on the cleaned surface as a result of bond cleavage and rearrangement. Furthermore, paint particles of varying sizes and shapes were produced by the impact of plasma shock. Under high-energy laser irradiation, the paint layer underwent combustion, resulting in spherical nanoparticles of uniform shape.

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19

Nishioka, Toshikatsu, Tatsuhiko Nakano, and Norio Teramae. "Analysis of the Coated Interface Using Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 12 (December 1992): 1904–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924123584.

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Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy was applied in order to analyze the interaction of the coated interface between two different polymers. The samples investigated were prepared by coating urethane paint on an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) and on an ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer whose ethylester group had been partially hydrolyzed (EAA/EEA). It was demonstrated that a mixed phase was formed along the coated interface between the urethane paint and the EAA and between the paint and the EAA/EEA. The interaction between molecules of the polyurethane and the EAA was observed.

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20

Dvořák, Aleš, and Marta Ščerbejová. "Evaluation of stabilization of steel surface corrosion by paints." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 5 (2005): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553050031.

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This article deals with laboratory experiments focused on protective and stabilizing effects of paints designed to protect rusted steel surfaces. Two well-known paints (the Hammerite No.1 Rustbeater synthetic paint and the Antirezin water-soluble paint) have been evaluated. The standardized tests according to ČSN have been used for the evaluation. Stabilization of rusted steel surface hasn’t been demonstrated during the tests. The SEM test method that covers micro-analysis of elements has been used for the evaluation as well.

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21

Antony, Florian, Rainer Grießhammer, Thomas Speck, and Olga Speck. "The cleaner, the greener? Product sustainability assessment of the biomimetic façade paint Lotusan® in comparison to the conventional façade paint Jumbosil®." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (December 29, 2016): 2100–2115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.200.

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Background: The debate on the question whether biomimetics has a specific potential to contribute to sustainability is discussed among scientists, business leaders, politicians and those responsible for project funding. The objective of this paper is to contribute to this controversial debate by presenting the sustainability assessment of one of the most well-known and most successful biomimetic products: the façade paint Lotusan®. Results: As a first step it has been examined and verified that the façade paint Lotusan® is correctly defined as a biomimetic product. Secondly, Lotusan® has been assessed and compared to a conventional façade paint within the course of a detailed product sustainability assessment (PROSA). For purposes of comparison, the façade paint Jumbosil® was chosen as reference for a conventional paint available on the market. The benefit analysis showed that both paints fulfil equally well the requirements of functional utility. With respect to the symbolic utility, Lotusan® has a particular added aesthetic value by the preservation of the optical quality over the life cycle. Within the social analysis no substantial differences between the two paints could be found regarding the handling and disposal of the final products. Regarding the life-cycle cost, Lotusan® is the more expensive product. However, the higher investment cost for a Lotusan®-based façade painting are more than compensated by the longer life time, resulting in both reduced overall material demand and lower labour cost. In terms of the life-cycle impact assessment, it can be ascertained that substantial differences between the paints arise from the respective service life, which are presented in terms of four scenario analyses. Conclusion: In summary, the biomimetic façade paint Lotusan® has been identified as a cost-effective and at the same time resource-saving product. Based on the underlying data and assumptions it could be demonstrated that Lotusan®-based façade paintings have a comparatively low overall impact on the environment. Summarizing our results, it can be emphasized that Lotusan® is the more favourable product compared to Jumbosil® according to sustainability aspects.

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22

Cha, Minwoo, and Semyeoung Lee. "Analysis of Flame-Retardant Performance Based on Wood Density and Flame-Retardant Treatment Method." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.4.69.

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For this study, four types of wood with different densities (spruce and low-, medium-, and high-density fiberboards) were selected from wood widely used as materials in real life, particularly in architectural interiors. For each wood type, flame-retardant paints (water- and oil-based) and flame-retardant liquids were applied two to five times using three flame-retardant treatment methods (roller, brush, and spray) to test the flame-retardant performance. For the four types of wood specimens with different densities, their flame-retardant performances and ignition times were compared and analyzed according to the applied flame-retardant paint (water- and oil-based) and liquid, treatment method, and frequency at which a specific paint was applied. These results can be used as empirical data on changes in flame-retardant performance based on density of wood and flame-retardant treatment method.

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23

Oh, Seung-Jun, and Koang-Chul Wi. "A Basic Research for Preservation of Works Exhibited in the Outdoor Sculpture Park - A Scientific Analys is of Painted Work ‘Conversion’ Exhibited in the Cheonmasan Sculpture Park -." Journal of Conservation Science 37, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2021.37.4.08.

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Outdoor sculptures of modern art works are being damaged and deteriorated as they are exposed to the outdoor environment due to the nature of exhibition in the outdoor environment, but secure of basic data through the measures for conservation and advanced researches still remain in the early stage. The surface of “Conversion” which is exhibited in the Busan Cheonmasan Sculpture Park has been exfoliated and deteriorated due to outdoor exhibition for a long time, so systematic conservation and management of works are considered necessary. Prior to the conservation and management, this study conducted observation of cross section, analysis of inorganic components, FT-IR, Raman and Py-GC/Mass analysis to examine the nature and type of paints used for the work through a scientific analysis. As a result of analysis, paints used for the “Conversion” include paint mixed with silvery aluminium powder and white pigment, reddish paint mixed with toluidine red, bluish paint that mixed prussian blue and titanium white and mixture of phthalocyanine blue and titanium white. The result is expected to be used as basic data for selecting materials necessary for conservative treatment of and establishing a plan for conservative treatment of the “Conversion”.

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24

Verma, Priyanka, Manmeet kaur, and Navjot Kaur. "Forensic analysis of automobile paint of Indian company." IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences 4, no. 3 (October 15, 2019): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2019.017.

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25

Naidu, Vyankatesh. "Finite Element Analysis of Road Marking Paint Machine." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 2099–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.6343.

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26

Meilunas, Raymond J., James G. Bentsen, and Arthur Steinberg. "Analysis of Aged Paint Binders by FTIR Spectroscopy." Studies in Conservation 35, no. 1 (February 1990): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1506280.

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27

Šmit, Ž., K. Janssens, K. Proost, and I. Langus. "Confocal μ-XRF depth analysis of paint layers." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 219-220 (June 2004): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.024.

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28

McKee, Chris, and Jacques Renault. "XRF Analysis of Pb in Occasional Paint Chips." Advances in X-ray Analysis 36 (1992): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800018760.

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AbstractFederal laws require that urban redevelopment projects characterize the Pb hazard of old painted surfaces. In large metropolitan surveys, the Pb analyses are commonly obtained with a portable XRF unit; however, for small surveys, capital investments in such instrumentation may be unwarranted. In 1988, the city of Las Cruces, NM, requested our help in providing needed Pb in paint analyses. We developed an economical XRF method for Pb analysis suitable for small scale urban surveys and the requirements of individual home owners, it is described below.1) A standard wavelength dispersive XRF spectrometer is used to determine the CI countrate from a 3.6 cm KCl disk and the countrate per square cm is computed. 2) The paint chip is weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg and cemented onto the disk. 3) The prepared disk is counted for CI, Pb, and Rb using the same spectrometer. 4) The CI countrate deficit is used to compute the area of the paint chip. 5) The mass of Pb corrected for Rb interference is determined from an appropriate calibration curve, and the results are reported in mg Pb/cm2.The Pb analysis is calibrated against geochemical standards. Spex Mix containing Pb is sprinkled on double faced mylar tape of known area and used as an independent check on the calibration curve. We present the results of our calibration curves and our analytical experience over the last 5 years.

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29

Meilunas, Raymond J., James G. Bentsen, and Arthur Steinberg. "Analysis of aged paint binders by FTIR spectroscopy." Studies in Conservation 35, no. 1 (February 1990): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.1990.35.1.33.

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30

Bucharsky,, E. C., S. G. Real,, and J. R. Vilche,. "Dynamic Analysis of Zinc-Rich Paint Coatings Performance." Corrosion Reviews 14, no. 1-2 (June 1996): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev.1996.14.1-2.15.

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31

Oriola, Marta, Alenka Možir, Paul Garside, Gema Campo, Anna Nualart-Torroja, Irene Civil, Marianne Odlyha, May Cassar, and Matija Strlič. "Looking beneath Dalí's paint: non-destructive canvas analysis." Anal. Methods 6, no. 1 (2014): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ay41094c.

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32

Orchard, S. E. "The flow of paint coatings: a hydrodynamic analysis." Progress in Organic Coatings 23, no. 4 (May 1994): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-0655(94)87003-9.

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33

Beetsma, J., and A. Hofland. "Life cycle analysis of alkyd emulsion based paint." Surface Coatings International 81, no. 10 (October 1998): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02700192.

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34

Burfield, David R. "Compositional analysis of waterborne paint systems by thermogravimetry." Thermochimica Acta 106 (September 1986): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(86)85119-x.

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35

Mirmehdi, Majid, Alan Chalmers, Lawrence Barham, and Louise Griffiths. "Automated Analysis of Environmental Degradation of Paint Residues." Journal of Archaeological Science 28, no. 12 (December 2001): 1329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0722.

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36

Lin, Jui-Ching, William Heeschen, John Reffner, and John Hook. "Three-Dimensional Characterization of Pigment Dispersion in Dried Paint Films Using Focused Ion Beam–Scanning Electron Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192761101244x.

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AbstractThe combination of integrated focused ion beam–scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) serial sectioning and imaging techniques with image analysis provided quantitative characterization of three-dimensional (3D) pigment dispersion in dried paint films. The focused ion beam in a FIB-SEM dual beam system enables great control in slicing paints, and the sectioning process can be synchronized with SEM imaging providing high quality serial cross-section images for 3D reconstruction. Application of Euclidean distance map and ultimate eroded points image analysis methods can provide quantitative characterization of 3D particle distribution. It is concluded that 3D measurement of binder distribution in paints is effective to characterize the order of pigment dispersion in dried paint films.

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Tammekivi, Eliise, Signe Vahur, Martin Vilbaste, and Ivo Leito. "Quantitative GC–MS Analysis of Artificially Aged Paints with Variable Pigment and Linseed Oil Ratios." Molecules 26, no. 8 (April 12, 2021): 2218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082218.

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In this study, quantitative gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was used to evaluate the influence of pigment concentration on the drying of oil paints. Seven sets of artificially aged self-made paints with different pigments (yellow ochre, red ochre, natural cinnabar, zinc white, Prussian blue, chrome oxide green, hematite + kaolinite) and linseed oil mixtures were analysed. In the pigment + linseed oil mixtures, linseed oil concentration varied in the range of 10 to 95 g/100 g. The results demonstrate that the commonly used palmitic acid to stearic acid ratio (P/S) to distinguish between drying oils varied in a vast range (from especially low 0.6 to a common 1.6) even though the paints contained the same linseed oil. Therefore, the P/S ratio is an unreliable parameter, and other criteria should be included for confirmation. The pigment concentration had a substantial effect on the values used to characterise the degree of drying (azelaic acid to palmitic acid ratio (A/P) and the relative content of dicarboxylic acids (∑D)). The absolute quantification showed that almost all oil paint mock-ups were influenced by pigment concentration. Therefore, pigment concentration needs to be considered as another factor when characterising oil-based paint samples based on the lipid profile.

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Choi, Kyungwho, Mun-Young Hwang, Donghoon Kang, Myeongcheol Kang, Dahoon Ahn, and Lae-Hyong Kang. "Impact monitoring characteristics of piezoelectric paint sensor by thermal fatigue analysis for railroad vehicle applications." Structural Health Monitoring 19, no. 6 (April 6, 2020): 1951–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921720902274.

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The strong aerodynamic drag under a railroad vehicle in motion causes the track ballast to fly up and around. The flying ballast can collide with the underside of the coach, damaging the electronics installed there. There are even cases wherein the aerodynamics of fast-moving train causes the gravel to hit the side of the coach and break the windows. Extensive and numerous studies are underway to reduce the damage caused by such phenomena. In this study, a “smart paint sensor” for impact monitoring was fabricated using piezoelectric nano powder and commercial paint for railroad vehicles, and the application of impact monitoring to railroad vehicles was analyzed. The process was simplified because the use of commercial paint eliminated the need to apply an additional layer of functionalized paint. Furthermore, the fact that the paint can be evenly sprayed on a large surface made it suitable for use on large and intricate objects such as a railroad vehicle bogie. Because railroad vehicles are exposed to thermal stress for a long period of time, a thermal fatigue test was conducted in order to figure out the stability of the polymer-based material, which is relatively vulnerable to temperature variations. The test results were used to analyze the impact sensitivity of the piezoelectric paint sensor. For the analysis, a full-size mock-up of the railroad vehicle bogie and an impact monitoring system with piezoelectric paint sensor were implemented in order to visualize the impact signals from differently shaped objects with large surfaces.

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Thakur, Pankaj, Raj Kumar, Sushil Kumar, Abhilash Pathania, and Bhasker Goel. "Analysis and optimization of properties of paint materials for reduction of paint defects in agro products." Materials Today: Proceedings 45 (2021): 5617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.349.

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Mahgoub, F. M., Ahmed Hefnawy, Mohamed El-Shnawie, and Ahmed Esmaiel. "Preparation and Characterization of an Emulsion Paint Based on Arghel Extract as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor." Key Engineering Materials 786 (October 2018): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.786.149.

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Corrosion control of metals is of technical, economical, environmental, and aesthetical importance. The use of inhibitors is one of the best options of protecting metals and alloys against corrosion globally. The environmental toxicity of organic corrosion inhibitors has prompted the search for green corrosion inhibitors which do not contain heavy metals or other toxic compounds. In addition to being environmentally friendly, plant products are inexpensive, readily available and renewable. With the growth of the green movement, it is important to prepare environmentally friendly anticorrosive paints to save lot of money, which are lost each year because of corrosion. This study utilized optical measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, immersion test in artificial sea water and morphology observations of Arghel extract (AE) as Eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor incorporated in (styrene-acrylic) emulsion paint. In addition Physical, Chemical and Mechanical Properties of dry paint films of the paint test has been done in absence and presence of the corrosion inhibitor. We found that (styrene-acrylic) emulsion paint with 75ppm AE (SP2) has the best performance in protecting mild steel from corrosion.

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Yu, Yan Yan, Ti Jie Song, and Zeng Wei Lu. "Crack Analysis of Casting Stainless Steel Support." Materials Science Forum 1032 (May 2021): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1032.201.

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A crack is found on the surface of stainless steel casting support. The crack was analyzed by macro and micro observation of fracture surface, Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) analysis, chemical analysis, microstructure examination and hardness test. Moreover, the stress distribution was simulated by finite element analysis. The results show that the crack model of the support is stress corrosion. The stress at the crack location is the largest. Three main factors of stress corrosion were the crack of paint layer, marine atmospheric environment and the pretightening force for the support. Because the service environment cannot be changed, therefore, surface paint protective effect and reduction of preload can be improved to avoid stress corrosion cracking again on the support.

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Bonghwan Kim. "Flow Analysis of Hydraulic Type Airless Paint Spraying Pump." Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology 15, no. 4 (August 2013): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.17958/ksmt.15.4.201308.499.

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Jarand, Curtis W., Samuel O. Akapo, Lonie J. Swenson, and Bruce J. Kelman. "Diisocyanate Emission from a Paint Product: A Preliminary Analysis." Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 17, no. 7 (July 2002): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473220290035705.

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Baty, Patrick. "The Role of Paint Analysis in the Historic Interior." Journal of Architectural Conservation 1, no. 1 (January 1995): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556207.1995.10785124.

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Gatti, Jozeti B., Silvia T. Dantas, Paula F. J. Bócoli, and Murilo B. Masalskas. "Case Study - Analysis of Fractured Bottoms of Paint Cans." Packaging Technology and Science 30, no. 7 (April 19, 2017): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pts.2299.

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Hinder, Steven J., John F. Watts, and Chris Lowe. "Surface and interface analysis of complex polymeric paint formulations." Surface and Interface Analysis 38, no. 4 (2006): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.2325.

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Cho, Yoon A., Mi Jeong Jeong, Tea Wan Jeon, Hee Sung Lee, Yong Jun Kim, Jin Mo Yeon, Na Hyeon Cho, and Sun Kyoung Shin. "Study on Material Flow Analysis of Mercury in Paint." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 39, no. 4 (April 30, 2017): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2017.39.4.180.

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Li, J. "Throughput Analysis in Automotive Paint Shops: A Case Study." IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 1, no. 1 (July 2004): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2004.829431.

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Koschek, Georg. "Combined cathodoluminescence and X-ray analysis of paint pigments." Journal of Microscopy 168, no. 1 (October 1992): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1992.tb03252.x.

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Voskertchian, Garnik P. "Quantitative Analysis of Organic Pigments in Forensic Paint Examination." Journal of Forensic Sciences 40, no. 5 (September 1, 1995): 15392J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs15392j.

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