Journal articles: 'Paint formulation'

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Ahmed Qureshi, Sheraz, Amir Shafeeq, Aamir Ijaz, and Muhammad Moeen Butt. "Development and Regression Modeling of Dirt Resistive Latex Façade Paint." Coatings 9, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9030150.

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A highly dirt-resistant paint for building façades without chemicals harmful to nature and the environment would resolve the unattractive disfigurement of building walls caused by dirt. The current ranking of Pakistan in terms of air pollution is 139th. A set of dirt-resistant paint formulae was constructed with the aid of computer programming. From this set, the best dirt-resistant paint formula was explored and identified. The final determination of the optimum formulation was based on statistically planned experiments conducted in the laboratory and in a natural environment. In order to achieve high-quality results, the best available laboratory equipment were used. The results obtained were analyzed and conclusions were drawn using appropriate statistical techniques. The procedure started with the selection of appropriate raw materials and generation of a target population of 543,143 paint formulations by adopting Basic Language computer programming. The average pigment volume concentration (PVC) percentage was computed using theory and found to be 54.98% for the target population paint formulations, verifying the literature results. Experimentation and statistical analysis were performed to compare the classical conventional agitator with the latest lab equipment such as a nano mill, and it was concluded that the nano mill performs better on average than the conventional agitator in the preparation of paint formulations. Hence, the sample of paint formulations was prepared on a nano mill and tested in the laboratory using advanced available technology for the analysis and comparison of paint properties to determine the best paint formulation. The results were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique, and it was concluded that the newly developed paint has the highest dirt resistance on average. The final selected formula, No. 50 (the newly developed paint), was compared with the three best conventional paints available in the Pakistan market in a natural environment for a period of almost one year. A regression model was also constructed to study the effect of environmental factors like time, temperature, and humidity on the dirt resistance of paints. It was found that the newly developed paint formulation is the most environmentally friendly. It performs equally well as one conventional paint and has higher dirt resistance than two other conventional paint formulations containing harmful chemicals. The regression model of dirt resistance involving variables including time, temperature, and humidity shows that these factors significantly affect the dirt resistance of a given paint at a 5% level of significance. For a given paint, 95.34% of the variation in the dirt resistance is due to and explained by the given factors. The regression model is useful for predicting the average dirt resistance of a given paint with a certain level of confidence. The project exemplifies the work of applied research from conceptualization to successful commercialization in the paint industry.

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Knipe, Richard E. "Zero HAPs waterborne formulation for paint line purging and paint stripping." Metal Finishing 100, no. 3 (March 2002): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(02)80295-1.

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Loganina, Valentina, and Elena Kuimova. "Methods of multi-dimensional statistical analysis for assessing the impact of applying technology of paint formulation." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 03039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913503039.

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Application information of the method of canonical correlations to assess the influence of technological factors on the quality of paint coat of building products and structures are provided below. The algorithm for calculating the method of canonical correlations is considered. It is shown that the substrate porosity is determinative for the paint coat quality. The viscosity of the paint applied by the pneumatic method affects the quality indicators less, especially compare to brush application. The coefficients in canonical variables characterize the strength of the influence of the relevant signs-factors and the efficiency of indicators on the level of communication between them. Various ways of applying paint are considered on substrate with a porosity of 24%, 28%, 32% on the example of oil paints MA-15, of alkyd paint PF-115, of water dispersion paint AK-111, it is shown, that the porosity of the substrate is a decisive factor in determining the quality of the paint coating. The viscosity of the paint when applied by the pneumatic method affects the quality indicators less compared to the brush application.

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Kavanagh, P. E., and W. A. P. Thiederman. "Paint and resin formulation with a spreadsheet." Surface Coatings International 83, no. 5 (May 2000): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02692703.

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Le Huy Hai. "The effect of SiO2 nanoparticles in polyurethane paint formulation on metal surfaces." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 3, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 031–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2021.3.1.0101.

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Polyurethane (PU) paint is being widely used in industry and life. Currently, nanotechnology can create a variety of materials as small as nanometers with many applications, it has brought many outstanding properties to PU paint. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of SiO2 nanoparticles in PU paint formulation on metal surfaces. We created a sample of two-component PU paint, part A is Desmophen A-160, Bentone 34, BYK 066, Disper 710S, Foamex N, Airex 900, TiO2, SiO2 nanoparticles, BaSO4, Cloparafin, Xylen, Thinner 132, Desmodur N75, and part B is a curing agent Desmodur N75. Methods of analyzing the properties of the PU paint film are based on Vietnam standards. The study results showed that SiO2 nanoparticles have increased the properties of the PU paint film, improving the Impact and Glossy of the PU paint film. SiO2 nanoparticles increase from 1% to 6% by weight, the Impact increased by about 21.62% (74 to 90 kg.cm), Glossy 600 increased by about 13.75% (80 to 91). SiO2 nanoparticles are a good coating substance in PU paint, it improves the properties of the paint film, it increases the Impact and Glossy for the paint film. The higher the rate of SiO2 nanoparticles, the better the properties of the PU paint film. Because the cost of nanomaterials is higher than that of normal coating materials, the nanomaterial should only be added with a ratio of about 2-4% by weight.

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Vogt, Otmar, Jan Ogonowski, and Piotr Michorczyk. "Application of the side stream from the cyklopol process in paint stripping formulations." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-012-0094-1.

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Abstract The utilization of two side streams from the Cyklopol process was studied. The first one is the monohydric alcohols fraction and the second one is the fraction of mono-carboxylic acids. We propose to utilize these fractions and their esters as a component of gel formulation painting remover. Our composites have a gel formulation suitable for easy application on a vertical surface. D-DBS (1,3:2,4-Di-O-benzylidene-Dsorbitol) or MHPC (methylhydroxypropylcellulose) were used as gelling agents for organic liquids. The D-DBS compound is characterized by transparency and reduced yellowing of composition. The properties of the obtained preparations were compared to the properties of commercially available gel formulations SCANSOL and STRIPER. Our initial investigations indicate that side streams from the Cyklopol process are good and cheap resources of raw materials for the preparation of paint stripping formulations.

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Silva, Mayra Martins, Thais Alessandra Bastos Caminha Sanjad, Marcondes Lima da Costa, and Solange do Perpétuo Socorro Evangelista Costa. "Lime-based restoration paints: characterization and evaluation of formulations using a native species from the Amazon flora and PVA-based glue as additives." Ambiente Construído 17, no. 3 (July 2017): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212017000300159.

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Abstract Based on historic documents, two lime-based paint formulations were produced in laboratory in order to evaluate their basic characteristics as restoration materials for historic buildings with lime-based components. The paints were made basically with hydrated lime, clay, water and linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) oil, and one formulation had PVA (polyvinyl acetate)-based glue as fixative, and the other one, Couma guianensis' latex. Each paint component was characterized by XRD and FTIR, and color and specular gloss measurements were performed on both paints. A preliminary assessment of the paints was conducted using the Pipe Method, the salt crystallization test, visual analysis for dustiness, and analysis of microbiological growth. The results showed that the laboratory-produced paints are theoretically and technologically compatible with lime-based coatings, however, their superficial performance can be improved to achieve greater durability. This study also brings to light local materials from the Amazon region that have great potential to be used and recognized as raw materials for paints and which could also be investigated for other uses.

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Loganina, Valentina I., and Erkebulan B. Mazhitov. "Regularities of formation of adhesive contact “sol-silicate paint - substrate”." Vestnik MGSU, no. 1 (January 2019): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2019.1.94-101.

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Introduction. The use as a binder in the manufacture of silicate paints polysilicate solutions obtained by mixing liquid glass and silica sol is considered. To regulate the rheological properties of the paint, improve the filling and prevent the pigment part from sagging, it has been proposed to introduce glycerin into the binder composition. The results of studying the interfacial interaction between the paint and the substrate are given. Materials and methods. In developing the formulation of silicate paints based on polysilicate solutions, MK-2 microcalcite, marshalite, diatomite and talc of MT-GSM grade were used as a filler, and titanium dioxide as a pigment. Polysilicate solutions were obtained by reacting stabilized solutions of colloidal silica (sols) with aqueous solutions of alkali silicates (liquid glasses). Nanosil 20 and Nanosil 30 silicic acid sol were used, produced by the Promsteklocentr PC. Used potassium liquid glass with module M = 3.29. A thermodynamic method was used to assess the interfacial interaction. Results. Shown that the introduction of glycerol into the formulation of a sol of silicate paint promotes a decrease in the interfacial surface tension and a better wetting of the surface of the mortar substrate. An increase in wetting coefficient is observed. Coatings based on sol silicate paints with the addition of glycerin are characterized by increased crack resistance. An increase in tensile strength, maximum tensile properties, and decrease in the elastic modulus of paint membranes based on the composition with glycerol has been established. The values of the free surface energy of the coating based on the sol of silicate paint and the ratio of the polar to the dispersion component of the free energy of the surface are given. Coatings based on sol of silicate paint with the addition of glycerin are characterized by a large value of the free energy of the surface. In the process of moistening a decrease in the free surface energy is observed due to a decrease in the dispersion component. Conclusions. Studies have shown that the introduction of an additive of glycerin in the formulation of a silicate paint sol contributes to an increase in the performance properties of coatings based on it.

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Kojima, Ryuji, Seiji Kobayashi, Kiyotaka Matsumura, Cyril Glenn Perez Satuito, Yasuyuki Seki, Hirotomo Ando, and Ichiro Katsuyama. "Designing a Laboratory Bioassay for Evaluating the Efficacy of Antifouling Paints on Amphibalanus amphitrite Using a Flow-Through System." Coatings 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9020112.

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With the aim of establishing a protocol for evaluating the efficacy of antifouling paints on different organisms, a flow-through laboratory test using triangular boxes was developed for cyprids of the barnacle Amphibalanus (=Balanus) amphitrite. Six different formulations of antifouling paints were prepared in increasing content (0 to 40 wt.%) of Cu2O, which is the most commonly used antifouling substance, and each formulation of paint was coated on one surface of each test plate. The test plates were aged for 45 days by rotating them at a speed of 10 knots inside a cylinder drum with continuously flowing seawater. The settlement behavior of 3-day-old cyprids released inside triangular boxes made from the test plates was observed. A decreasing number of juveniles settled on surfaces of test plates that were coated with paint containing more than 30 wt.% of Cu2O. Results of the laboratory bioassays were consistent with those from the field experiments.

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Ali Taheri, Seyed, Fatemeh S. Taheri, and Mohaddeseh Namjoo. "Formulation of an Anti-bacterial and Anti-corrosion Paint." Research Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 8 (August 1, 2012): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjbsci.2012.302.306.

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Ayoub, M. M. H., M. M. Abdel Malek, and N. N. Messiha. "Laboratory and ships test of modern antifouling paint formulation." Pigment & Resin Technology 19, no. 2 (February 1990): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb042692.

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Suma, K. K., Sinto Jacob, and Rani Joseph. "Paint Formulation Using Water Based Binder and Property Studies." Macromolecular Symposia 277, no. 1 (February 2009): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200950318.

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Gupta, Raj K., and L. C. Rutledge. "Compatibility of Army Face Paint and Insect Repellent Formulation." Military Medicine 158, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/158.1.12.

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Uhler, Allen D., Jeffery H. Hardenstine, Deborah A. Edwards, and Guilherme R. Lotufo. "Leaching Rate of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) from Marine Paint Chips." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 81, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-021-00868-6.

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AbstractPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were added to certain marine vessel bottom paints as a plasticizer to improve the adhesion and durability of the paint. The most common PCB formulation used to amend such paints was Aroclor 1254. Fugitive Aroclor-containing paint chips generated from vessel maintenance and repair operations represent a potential source of PCB contamination to sediments. Limited published studies indicate that Aroclor-containing paint is largely inert and exhibits low PCB leaching into water; however, the rate and degree of leaching of PCBs from paint chips have not been directly studied. This laboratory-based study evaluated the rate and extent of leaching of PCBs from paint chips into freshwater. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the rate of PCB dissolution from paint chips decreased rapidly and exponentially over time. Based on this study, it is estimated that the rate of leaching of PCBs from paint chips would cease after approximately 3 years of exposure to water. When all leachable PCBs were exhausted, it is estimated that less than 1% of the mass of PCBs in the paint chips was amenable to dissolution. The results of this experiment suggest that Aroclor-containing paint chips found in sediments are likely short-term sources of dissolved-phase PCB to pore or surface waters and that the majority of the PCBs in paint chips remain in the paint matrix and unavailable for partitioning into water. Graphic Abstract

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Hidayat, Dian Friana, Ossa Sutaarga, and Akhmad Fakhrurozi. "ANALISA PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN GUDANG BARANG JADI DENGAN ANALISA ABC PADA PERUSAHAAN CAT PT. PR." Journal Industrial Manufacturing 4, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jim.v4i1.1247.

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This research was conducted at a company that produces paints such as wall paint, tile paint, floor paint, steel construction paint and many other types of paint. In addition to these types of paint, color and size are additional factors that cause high product variants. Inventory management with ABC analysis is very necessary to control a number of inventories by taking into account the value of the investment. Based on company conditions and literature, the purpose of this study is to be able to classify inventory in the company and be able to determine inventory control based on ABC classification. The research method is divided into four stages, namely data formulation, data collection, data processing, and analysis and conclusions. Data processed is in 2016, available product variants are 941 items with a total product value of Rp 15,477,094,182.00. The results of ABC analysis are 124 product items or 13.18% A class, 211 product items or 22.42% B class, and 606 product items or 64.40% C class of the total number of products available.Key words : Paint, Inventory Control, ABC Classification

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Kern, Tomaž, Eva Krhač, Marjan Senegačnik, and Benjamin Urh. "Digitalizing the Paints and Coatings Development Process." Processes 7, no. 8 (August 15, 2019): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7080539.

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Numerous laboratory tests are used to determine the appropriateness of new formulations in the development process in the paint and coatings industry. New formulations are most often functionally inadequate, unacceptable for environmental or health reasons, or too expensive. Formulators are obliged to repeat laboratory tests until one of the formulations fulfills the minimum requirements. This is cumbersome, slow, and expensive, and can cause ecological problems, wasting materials on tests that do not produce the desired results. The purpose of this research was to find out if there might be a better way forward to increase efficiency and free up formulators to focus on new products. In this experiment, a new paints and coatings development process was redesigned based on the potential benefits of formulation digitalization. Instead of laboratory testing, a digital platform was used that has been developed and stocked with relevant, up-to-date, and complete, usable data. This study found that, by going digital, developers could vastly reduce non-value-added activities in the development process (by as much as 70%) and significantly shorten the entire process throughput time (by up to 48%). Using digital tools to facilitate the development process appears to be a possible way forward for the paint and coatings industry, saving time, materials, and money and protecting the environment.

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Erkmen, Jülide. "Patterns in hammertone paints." Pigment & Resin Technology 45, no. 6 (November 7, 2016): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2015-0067.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine required paint and silicone proportions, their mixing rate and duration to eliminate the pattern problems caused by the misuse of silicone polymers in hammertone paints. Results of the findings aim at preventing raw material, manufacturing time and labour losses in hammertone paint production. Design/methodology/approach A paint formulation produced commercially was used. The effects of silicone proportion and mixing rate and paint and pigment density on the pattern formation within the paints, to which the spray painting method was applied, were investigated. Brightness controls of the produced paints were done, and the effect of the additive polymer on brightness was investigated. Photographs of paints for each practice were taken. Findings The most suitable silicone proportion and mixing conditions for the silver grey paints, in which Al non-leafing pigments were used, were calculated as 0.034-0.036 g/kg-paint and 15 s at 200 rpm, respectively. It was observed that the increase in pigment density increased required silicone proportion for the desired pattern. It was determined that mixing rate and duration were very significant in pattern formation, and that silicone decomposed and the pattern was disrupted in long-continued mixings. In addition, excess silicone use disrupted the pattern and decreased the paint brightness. Research limitations/implications This research was conducted for hammertone paints, which are industrial and self-patterned aluminium silvered decorative paints. The results can be used for hammertone paint production. Practical implications The results will enable manufacturers to produce hammertone paints more economically. Results can be used in the paint industry to produce such paint. Originality/value It is crucial to produce high-quality products using less raw materials in today’s industry, where the amount of raw materials is decreasing, and economical and reliable production is becoming increasingly important. When environmental impacts in the solvent-based paint industry are taken into consideration, paint production in shorter times is important for both workers’ and environmental health. As a result of this study, hammertone paints will be produced more economically by appropriate production conditions yet without any energy, raw material and time loss.

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Claborn, D. M., G. E. Tetrault, and F. H. Arthur. "Effectiveness of Three Residual Insecticide Formulations To Control Red Flour Beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) On Painted and Unpainted Steel2." Journal of Entomological Science 26, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-26.4.395.

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Three insecticides were tested for efficacy against adult red flour beetles on painted and unpainted steel plates. Microencapsulated formulations of chlorpyrifos and diazinon provided 100% control for 47 weeks on both painted and unpainted surfaces. A lacquer-based formulation of chlorpyrifos was not as effective and could have been affected by paint. These findings have importance in the control of stored product insect pests on painted metal surfaces, including the decks of naval vessels.

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IIJIMA, Yoshimi, Yasuhiro EGAMI, and Keisuke ASAI. "Optimization of Temperature Sensitive Paint Formulation for Cryogenic Wind Tunnels." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 22, no. 1Supplement (2002): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.22.1supplement_321.

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Jung, Sangmok, Mohandoss Sidharthan, Jihyun Lee, Hanjoo Lee, Jiyoung Jeon, Taehee Park, Junghyun Yoon, Jaehyuk Jeon, and Hyunwoung Shin. "Antifouling efficacy of a controlled depletion paint formulation with acetophenone." Scientia Marina 81, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04638.13a.

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Biofouling is an inevitable problem that occurs continually on marine fishing vessels and other small crafts. The nature of the antifouling (AF) coatings used to prevent biofouling on these small vessels is of great environmental concern. Therefore, the efficacy of a non-toxic AF candidate, acetophenone, was evaluated in preliminary laboratory assays using marine bacteria, diatom and Ulva spores. At a low concentration of 100 μg cm–2 of acetophenone, spore attachment of a green fouling alga was significantly reduced (p < 0.01). Similarly, 40% acetophenone coatings significantly inhibited diatom attachment. This new non-toxic AF agent was incorporated into controlled depletion paint (CDP). Fouling coverage (%), biomass, and fouling resistance (%) were estimated. On CDP coatings made with acetophenone (40%), a significant decrease in fouling biomass was estimated (p < 0.01).

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Townsend, Joyce H., Leslie Carlyle, Aviva Burnstock, Marianne Odlyha, and Jaap J. Boon. "Nineteenth-century paint media: the formulation and properties of megilps." Studies in Conservation 43, sup1 (January 1, 1998): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.1998.43.supplement-1.205.

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Palmonari, C., A. Tenaglia, E. Rastelli, A. Albertazzi, and R. Fornaciari. "Estudio reológico para la preparación de una nueva fórmula de pasta serigráfica." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 39, no. 5 (October 30, 2000): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.2000.v39.i5.780.

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Rafeqah, Raslan, Mimi H. Hassim, N. K. S. Denny, G. C. Nishanth, and Norazahar Norafneeza. "Safety and health index development for formulated product design: Paint formulation." E3S Web of Conferences 90 (2019): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199003002.

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Over the years, safety and health effects among consumers due to the exposure of formulated products have been reported. Thus, there is a need for systematic methodologies to assess the safety and health effects of the candidate’s ingredients in the early stages of formulated product design. Therefore, an index-based methodology was proposed to assess the safety and health effects in formulated product design. Product Safety and Health Index (PSHI) highlights the health sub-indexes based on the exposure routes including eye, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal. Each exposure route has its corresponding health sub-indexes that have to be applied. There are also new sub-indexes introduced for ingestion and dermal exposure. A case study on paint formulation was used to illustrate the developed methodology. The results show that the newly proposed index is able to identify hazardous chemical ingredient(s) with its corresponding adverse safety and health effects.

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Qureshi, Sheraz, Amir Shafeeq, Aamir Ijaz, and Muhammad Butt. "Development of Algae Guard Façade Paint with Statistical Modeling under Natural Phenomena." Coatings 8, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8120440.

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Algaecides are chemicals that cause serious health problems. Conventional paints contain algaecides to improve the algae resistance on the paint film. Present research has suggested an environment-friendly paint formulation that focuses on developing algae resistance without having algaecides. In this research, algae growth on newly developed paint is modeled by incorporating dirt resistance of paint and natural phenomena including humidity, temperature, and time, respectively. The fitted Model revealed explained variation of 59.65% in the average algae growth, of which, dirt resistance, humidity, temperature, and some of their interactions play significant role in this variation. The model suggests that the proposed newly developed paint without algaecides is more resistant to algae growth and significantly decreased the average algae growth rate by 0.53% as compared to conventional paints. Keeping the effect of all other factors constant, if dirt resistance of paint (Dc value) increases by one percent, average algae growth decreases by 12.98%; when temperature increases by 1 °C, average algae growth decreases by 22.4%; a positive unit change in the joint linear effect of dirt resistance, temperature, and humidity caused a decrease in average algae growth by 0.0031%. It was also observed that the individual effect of the humidity variable was inversely related with average algae growth. However, the combination of humidity and temperature, humidity and dirt resistance, humidity and time, and the quadratic effect of humidity were found to increase the average algae growth rate. The cubic effect of temperature variable by one degree centigrade resulted in decrease of average algae growth by 0.000907%.

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Loganina, Valentina I., and Yerkebulan B. Mazhitov. "Estimation of Rheological Properties of Ash Silicate Paints." Materials Science Forum 992 (May 2020): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.569.

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Information provided on the color of paint coatings on the mortar substrate, depending on the type of pigment in accordance with the RAL color file. It is shown that presence of glycerin in the composition of the sol of silicate paint promotes an increase in the cohesive strength of coatings, an improvement in the filling of paint, and an improvement in the quality of the appearance of coatings. Information is given on the rheological properties of a silicate paint sol with the addition of glycerin depending on the pigment content. It has been established, that the introduction of glycerin into the paint formulation leads to an increase in the values of the critical volume concentration of the pigment (filler). A model for changing the viscosity of paint from a pigment volume concentration (filler) is proposed.

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Abdullah, Mohd Na’im, Mazli Mustapha, Nabihah Sallih, Azlan Ahmad, Faizal Mustapha, and Ayu Dahliyanti. "Study and Use of Rice Husk Ash as a Source of Aluminosilicate in Refractory Coating." Materials 14, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 3440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133440.

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The utilisation of rice husk ash (RHA) as an aluminosilicate source in fire-resistant coating could reduce environmental pollution and can turn agricultural waste into industrial wealth. The overall objective of this research is to develop a rice-husk-ash-based geopolymer binder (GB) fire-retardant additive (FR) for alkyd paint. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the experiments work, on the ratio of RHA-based GB to alkyd paint. The microstructure behaviour and material characterisation of the coating samples were studied through SEM analysis. The optimal RHA-based GB FR additive was formulated at 50% wt. FR and 82.628% wt. paint. This formulation showed the result of 270 s to reach 200 °C and 276 °C temperature at equilibrium for thermal properties. Furthermore, it was observed that the increased contents of RHA showed an increment in terms of the total and open porosities and rough surfaces, in which the number of pores on the coating surface plays an important role in the formation of the intumescent char layer. By developing the optimum RHA-based GB to paint formulation, the coating may potentially improve building fire safety through passive fire protection.

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Cárdaba, Irene, Luca Porcarelli, Antonela Gallastegui, David Mecerreyes, and Miren Itxaso Maguregui. "Easy-to-Make Polymer Hydrogels by UV-Curing for the Cleaning of Acrylic Emulsion Paint Films." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 26, 2021): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132108.

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The cleaning of acrylic emulsion paint surfaces poses a great challenge in the conservation field, due to their high water sensitivity. In this article, we present easy-to-make polymer hydrogels, made by UV-photopolymerization, that show excellent cleaning properties. The formulation of hydrogels obtained by UV-curing and their performance as dry cleaners for acrylic paints was investigated. First, different hydrogel formulations based on functional acrylic monomers were used to formulate a series of UV cross-linked hydrogels by fast UV photopolymerization. Their effectiveness on surface dirt removal was investigated by SEM microscopy and colorimetry. The hydrogels showed excellent cleaning properties and controlled water release, and they still performed satisfactorily after several cleaning uses. The obtained UV-hydrogels were compared to the well-known agar gels, showing benefits in terms of reducing excess water. This article shows that easy-to-make UV-cured hydrogels are an efficient tool for the cleaning of surface dirt from water-sensitive paintings, overcoming the limits of traditional cleaning methods.

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Jones, Alexander P., Richard J. Watts, Shari M. Schaftlein, and Ed Molash Molash. "Bench-Scale Tests of Dry Photocatalytic Degradation of Two Nonpoint Runoff Model Compounds." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1601, no. 1 (January 1997): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1601-14.

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The destruction of two model petroleum hydrocarbons using a photocatalyst fixed on dry test surfaces was investigated as a basis for minimizing nonpoint hydrocarbon runoff to adjacent soils and receiving waters. The process is based on attaching photochemically active titanium dioxide (TiO2) to pavement surfaces. Hexadecane and anthracene were used as model contaminants because they are common hydrocarbon constituents of gasoline, diesel, and motor oil. Six materials containing TiO2 were evaluated for photocatalytic activity; concrete sealant and paint base were found to be the most effective materials tested. The TiO2-sealant formulations were effective in promoting the degradation of hexadecane, providing more than 99 percent removal in 48 hr. Although the TiO2-paint base formulation was less effective than the TiO2 sealant, 98.2 percent degradation of hexadecane occurred on a 50 percent TiO2-paint base surface in 72 hr. Anthracene degradation was not accelerated from the addition of the photocatalyst into the surface. On the basis of the capability of dry fixed TiO2 to enhance rates of hexadecane photolysis, a full-scale demonstration project has been initiated to evaluate the in situ destruction of nonpoint highway runoff.

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Bello, A., A. O. Ameh, M. T. Isa, M. S. Galadima, and D. O. Adeoye. "Coverage response modeling for auto base paints formulation." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i2.18.

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Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of binder, solvent, and pigment concentrations on the coverage response. The optimum coverage response of the auto base paint formulated was 1.5m2. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the data were adequately fitted by a second-order polynomial model Analysis of variance (ANOVA) also showed that the interactions between the independent parameters (binder, solvent, and pigment) have significant effects on the response (coverage). Diagnostics case statistics indicated that, the optimum experimental value of the cover age equal that of the predicted. This showed a good relationship between the actual and predicted response as evidenced in the R2 value of 0.9204 and a standard deviation of 0.1 obtained.

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IIJIMA, Yoshimi, Hirotaka SAKAUE, Yasuhiro EGAMI, Akira NISHIZAWA, Keisuke ASAI, U. Fey, and R. H. Engler. "Development of Temperature Sensitive Paint Formulation for Large Scale Cryogenic Wind Tunnels." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 24, Supplement1 (2004): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.24.supplement1_383.

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Gupta, Abhijit. "Optimization of product performance of a paint formulation using a mixture experiment." Journal of Applied Statistics 28, no. 2 (February 2001): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760020016109.

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Skenandore, Cassandra S., and Felipe C. Cardoso. "The effect of tail paint formulation and heifer behavior on estrus detection." International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine 5, no. 2 (December 2017): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.08.001.

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García, Mónica, Mirta Stupak, Miriam Pérez, and Guillermo Blustein. "Transitioning to nontoxic antifouling paints." Pigment & Resin Technology 44, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-03-2014-0022.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reduce the amount of copper in antifouling paints by using eugenol as an additive. Biofouling leads to deterioration of any submerged material. The most widespread method for control is the application of cuprous oxide antifouling paints which are toxic. First of all, the paper describes the effect of eugenol on larvae of Balanus amphitrite (fouling organism) under laboratory conditions and then the preparation, application and performance of different types of antifouling paints in field trials. Design/methodology/approach – Three types of soluble matrix antifouling paints were prepared with different pigments. The first one containing 16 per cent v/v copper, the second with 1.6 per cent copper and the third with 1.6 per cent copper + 2 per cent eugenol. Findings – After 12 months of immersion in Mar del Plata harbour paints containing 1.6 per cent copper + eugenol and 16 per cent copper were the most effective. Although these formulations showed a similar performance, copper + eugenol-based paint contains 90 per cent lesser copper than a traditional copper-based formulation. Originality/value – The use of antifouling paints with copper + eugenol combination as pigment is a promising alternative due to its performance, low cost and reduction in copper leaching to environment.

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Eremina, Tatiana, and Dmitry Korolchenko. "Fire Protection of Building Constructions with the Use of Fire-Retardant Intumescent Compositions." Buildings 10, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10100185.

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The influence of basic components of intumescent paint on fire protection properties is studied. The resulting changes in properties are assessed by the intumescence coefficient and thermal analysis data. Influence of the binder polymer composition on fire protection properties under the same conditions was evaluated, quantitatively using the example of fire-retardant water-dispersion paint; the best result was obtained in the formulation based on vinyl acetate copolymers. The brands of ammonium polyphosphate (PFA) from different manufacturers were investigated under the same conditions. The results of the thermal analysis and testing of the physicochemical properties of the samples on various PFAs are presented, with conclusions about their influence on the fire-retardant properties of the paint. The results of the thermal analysis of the influence of orthophosphoric acid, as a modifying additive, on the fire-retardant properties of the paint are presented.

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Meor, Yusoff M. S., E. M. Mahdi, Paulus Wilfred, and Muslimin Masliana. "Photocatalytic Active Nanorutile TiO₂: Synthesis Characterization and Photocatalysis Tests." Journal of Nano Research 26 (December 2013): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.26.17.

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We are able to produce nanoscale rutile TiO2 product from titanium mineral via a modified hydrothermal synthesis method, with the inclusion of an alkaline fusion stage. The mineral was totally dissolved in an acidic solution, and is followed by the nucleation reaction, producing anatase having a crystallite size of 15.4nm. Annealing of the nanoanatase resulted in a phase transformation process, and the rutile phase was detected when annealed at 800°C. Single rutile phase was achieved when the anatase sample was annealed at 1,000°C. As the starting mineral contains a significant amount of Nb and Zr impurities, these elements are naturally doped into the nanosized rutile. A paint formulation was then produced by adding 2g of this nanoanatase/nanorutile into the paint. Using this nanotitania added paint under visible light source, a photocatalytic study on the degradation of methylene blue was conducted. A comparative study was also carried out with commercial grade pure nanorutile under similar condition. The result showed that our nanorutile managed to degrade the methylene blue to almost a similar 85% degradation compared to the commercial pure nanoanatase. A pure nanorutile product resulted in a much lower photodegradation rate, standing at 77%. Tests on the photodegradation of nitrous oxide gas also reveals that the nanorutile paint was able to degrade the VOC in much shorter times compared to the other nanotitania added paints.

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Orel, B., I. Radoczy, and Z. Crnjak Orel. "Organic soot pigmented paint for solar panels: Formulation, optical properties and industrial application." Solar & Wind Technology 3, no. 1 (January 1986): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-983x(86)90047-0.

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Song, Dongdong, Jin Gao, Lin Shen, Hongxia Wan, and Xiaogang Li. "The Influence of Aluminum Tripolyphosphate on the Protective Behavior of an Acrylic Water-Based Paint Applied to Rusty Steels." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/618971.

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The protective performance, in conditions of total immersion, of an acrylic water-based paint applied to rusty steel, has been studied using electrochemical techniques. There was no rust, blister, crack, or flake that occurred on coating after 500 h immersion. The data obtained have enabled the protective mechanism to be proposed. The specific pigments utilized in the formulation of the paint studied can release phosphates to form a protective layer on metal substrate, which can impede the access of aggressive species to substrate surface. The coatings performed electrochemical activity in the beginning of immersion; then the layer formed and resistance of coating increased.

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Hajar, H. M., F. Zulkifli, M. G. Mohd Sabri, and W. B. Wan Nik. "Protection against Corrosion of Aluminum Alloy in Marine Environment by Lawsonia inermis." International Journal of Corrosion 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4891803.

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The corrosion performance of aluminum alloy 5083 (AA5083) was investigated in the splash zone area simulated in salt spray cabinet at ambient temperature. Three paint formulations were prepared in accordance with different percentages of henna extract. FTIR method was used to determine the constituent of henna while weight loss and electrochemical method were applied to investigate the inhibition behaviour. The findings show that corrosion rate of aluminum alloy decreased with the increases of henna extract in the coating formulation. The rise of charge transfer resistance (Rct) value has contributed to the greater protection of the coated aluminum. The decrease in double layer capacitance value (Cdl) is another indicator that a better protective barrier has been formed in the presence of henna in the coating matrix.

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Abadie, Marc Jm, Iulian Manole, and Catalin Fetecau. "Photosensitive Formulation for Additive Manufacturing-3D Printing." Materiale Plastice 57, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.20.1.5321.

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UV curing is a photochemical process in which high-intensity ultraviolet light is used to instantly cure or ��dry�� coatings, inks, adhesives and thin film technology. It has been around as a coating for wood, paper and as a clear coating via photolithography process on printed circuit boards PCBs or integrated circuit boards ICBs for years. It is fast becoming one of the most popular techniques in the paint and coatings industry. Most of the formulation use multifunctional acrylate monomers or oligomers or a mixture of them that crosslink under exposure to UV/EB radiations in a free radical process. We briefly present the advantages of EB vs. UV. A new type of formulation based on multifuctional monomer of dicyclopentadiene epoxy derivative with additional diluent as co-reactive solvent will be described and evaluated. This formulation differs from the acrylate one by the use of a cationic photoinitiator. The final product presents all the advantages of epoxy resins viz. better adherence, mechanical and thermal properties, compared to acrylate systems. Formulation has been optimized thanks to the differential scanning photocalorimetry DPC. This type of formulation is developed for additive digital manufacturing - 3D Printing (building layer by layer).

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Zuin, Stefano, Andrea Massari, Arlen Ferrari, and Luana Golanski. "Formulation effects on the release of silica dioxide nanoparticles from paint debris to water." Science of The Total Environment 476-477 (April 2014): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.029.

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41

Wampler, Thomas P., Gregory A. Bishea, and William J. Simonsick. "Recent changes in automotive paint formulation using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for identification." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 40-41 (May 1997): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2370(97)00009-0.

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42

Osemeahon, S. A., and B. J. Dimas. "Development of urea formaldehyde and polystyrene waste as copolymer binder for emulsion paint formulation." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2014): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jtehs2013.0285.

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43

Gupta, Raj K., Louis C. Rutledge, and Robert L. Frommer. "Laboratory Evaluation of Face Paint Repellent Formulation Using Human Volunteers Under Three Climatic Regimens." Journal of Medical Entomology 26, no. 5 (September 1, 1989): 468–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/26.5.468.

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44

Levchenko, Yevhenii, Olga Sverdlikovska, Denys Chervakov, and Oleh Chervakov. "Development of coalescents for paints and varnishes based on ionic liquids – the products of diethanolamine and inorganic acids interaction." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 6 (110) (April 12, 2021): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.228546.

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This paper reports the synthesis of ionic liquids through the interaction between diethanolamine and orthophosphate and boric acids in order to establish the possibility of replacing volatile coalescents in a formulation for paints and varnishes with ionogenic compounds. The results from studying the influence of polymeric coalescents based on ionic liquids on the rheological properties of water-dispersion paints and varnishes of different nature are presented. It has been established that the synthesized coalescents could be used to modify the properties of paints and varnishes based on polyurethane and styrene-acrylic aqueous dispersions. It has been shown that the product of the interaction between diethanolamine and boric acid in aqueous solutions forms an ionogenic complex compound with a unipolar conductivity in terms of ОН─ ions. It was also established that when introduced to the formulation of water-dispersion paints and varnishes, the solutions of modifiers produce a diluting action. The influence of ionic liquids on the process of film formation of aqueous dispersions of polymers and pigmented paints and varnishes based on them was investigated. It was established that the synthesized ionogenic compounds are not inferior, in terms of their effectiveness, to the widespread conventional industrial coalescents of the Texanol→ type. Therefore, there is reason to assert the possibility of replacing the industrial coalescent Texanol→ in the formulation of pigmented water-dispersion paints and varnishes based on styrene-acrylic and polyurethane dispersions with fundamentally new synthesized ionogenic modifiers. Thus, the coatings with a coalescent based on ion liquid of diethanolamine borate have a higher level of conditional hardness, which exceeds by 17 % the hardness index of the paint made on the basis of the conventional Texanol→ type coalescent, without changing its decorative properties, such as color and shine

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45

Hu, Jian. "Mixture and Mixture–Process Variable Experiments for Paint Preparation Applications." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 1465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.1465.

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Many experiments in research and development in the paint preparation involve mixture components. These are experiments with mixtures in which the experimental factors are the components of a mixture and the response variable depends on the relative proportion of each components, but not on the absolute amount of the mixture. Thus the mixture components cannot be varied independently. A common variation of the mixture experiment occurs when there are also one or more process factors that can be varied independently of each other and of the mixture ingredients, to bring about a mixture–process variable experiment. We discuss the design and analysis of these types of experiments, using flame-retardant coating formulation as an example. Goal of this paper is to encourage greater utilization of these techniques in paint preparation research and development.

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46

Ahmed, Basir, Nadia Suhaila Muhammad Asyraf Anbalagan, Mohammad Dalour Hossen Beg, Rosli Yunus, and Arman Abdullah. "Formulation of Heat Resistant Paint from Palm Oil Based Resin by Using Nano-Silica Particles." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 442 (March 17, 2020): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/442/1/012004.

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47

Okoye, C. C., O. D. Onukwuli, M. I. Ejimofor, and C. F. Okey-Onyesolu. "Modelling and Optimal Viscometry Formulation Evaluation of a Modified Green Based Self-Healing Automotive Paint." International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science 7, no. 3 (2021): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.73.7.

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48

Hu, Jian. "Mixture Experiments Design Including Interactions with Process Variables for Applications in Paint Preparation." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 965–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.965.

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Many experiments in research and development in the paint preparation involve mixture components. These are experiments with mixtures in which the experimental factors are the components of a mixture and the response variable depends on the relative proportion of each components, but not on the absolute amount of the mixture. Thus the mixture components cannot be varied independently. A common variation of the mixture experiment occurs when there are also one or more process factors that can be varied independently of each other and of the mixture ingredients, to bring about a mixture–process variable experiment. We discuss the design and analysis of these types of experiments, using flame-retardant coating formulation as an example. Goal of this paper is to encourage greater utilization of these techniques in paint preparation research and development.

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49

Ilamsyah, Ilamsyah, Dona Listyanto Pangestu, and Reza Zulian Pramana. "SISTEM PEMBUATAN BARCODE BARANG BERBASIS WEB PADA PT. CHUGOKU PAINTS INDONESIA." Journal CERITA 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/cerita.v2i1.205.

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T.CHUGOKU PAINTS INDONESIA is a private company engaged in the manufacture of paints for industrial needs with the quality and formulation of Japan. A company that produces various types of paint for the plant. Ranging from the manufacture of special paint ships, power plants, steel and wood to meet customer needs in the field of industri.di where this company. Still barcode creation process is still manual and not integrated with a web so that it can facilitate the manufacture and control in the manufacture of barcode goods. Technological developments in the computer system enables improvement in all branches of production, such as the manufacture of goods still manual barcode, barcode creation process is slow and depends on the conditions. Due to the manufacture of barcode system that has been using the web will bring an ease to the company to be able to indulge easily. The use of computer systems is very important in supporting a company's development in today. Computer use can also facilitate and expedite the processing, storing important data even as the company's own material. The methodology used is a method ofresearch that began by conducting surveys, interviews, and analysis according to the theory of the books that can support the design manufacture goods barcode. From these results, PT. CHUGOKU PAINTS INDONESIA can improve produtivitas and performance of the company to be competitive in the business world that is increasingly tight. In addition, with this research the company has a better ability to present and future.

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Meor, Yusoff M. S., Sapiee Nur Aqilah, E. M. Mahdi, Paulus Wilfred, and Muslimin Masliana. "Study on Use of Nanosized Alpha Alumina from Schedule Waste as Formulation in Thermal Insulation Paint." Nano Hybrids 3 (January 2013): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nh.3.25.

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Schedule waste used in this study is white aluminium dross produce from an aluminium smelting plant. It has a gibbsite crystal form, and was calcined at high temperature and transformed into α-alumina. nanosized powder with 76 nm primary particle size was produced by top-down method via high velocity wet milling. Comparative thermal insulation study was then performed in paints made from 15 wt% of these nanosize and micron-size alumina. The results from this study shows that the nanosize α-alumina is the best insulator, with a temperature reduction of 57 and 41% less, compared to micron-size α-alumina respectively for ceramic and steel plate.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Paint formulation'

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