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Journal articles on the topic 'Pakistan, fiction'
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1
Ijaz, Fatima, Fazal Rabi, and Uzma . "AN EXPLORATION OF DISCOURSE STYLES IN PAKISTANI ENGLISH FICTIONS." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 04 (December 31, 2022): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i04.819.
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The current study explores emergent discourse styles in English-language Pakistani fiction using multiple levels of analysis. The modern discourse styles in Pakistani English-language fiction have been explored using the "Corpus Stylistics" methodology and computational tools. In the past, the quantitative research on Pakistani fiction in English as a whole has hardly ever examined the entire collection of fundamental language elements. The current study is ground-breaking in that it has assembled a sizable corpus of Pakistani fiction in English for a specific goal based on a sizable collection of novels and short tales. Applying statistical factor analysis, the whole collection of essential lexico-grammatical elements presents in fictionized writing in Pakistan has been taken into consideration. The current research introduces innovative discourse styles and labels them as: "Expression of Thought vs. Descriptive Discourse Production," "Context-oriented Discourse," "Concrete Action Discourse vs. Abstract Exposition," and "Narrative vs. Dialogic Discourse." it does this by marking information from the large substantial corpus of English-language Pakistani fiction. Keywords: English and fiction, English language, literacy Pakistan, education system.
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Ilyas, Safa. "Psychological Effects of Sadaat Hasan Manto’s Fiction on Youth of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan." Media and Communication Review 1, no. 2 (December 26, 2021): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/mcr.12.06.
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This study aims to look at the idea that Manto straightforwardly expounded on man and woman’s intimate relationships. Reading fiction, dramatizations and books are similarly impacted personalities of the readers as visual screenplays, Manto's fiction engravings in all accessible mediums of print and electronic although quotes from his fictions likewise broadly tune in and share in online communities. This persistence of his work accessibility and appreciation touched the researcher to deal with his fiction to check its psychological effects on the youth of Lahore. This inquiry is strengthened by the reader-response theory to identify the youth perception and understandings about his fictions and Uses and Gratification for the resolutions and intentions of youth to escalate his work. The quantitative survey method utilized, and data collected with Purposive sampling, 500 respondents were chosen, the findings of the study showed, that Manto's fictions make anxiety and eroticism in youth along with this his fictions create mindfulness about social taboo`s and social associations.
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Ilyas, Safa. "Psychological Effects of Sadaat Hasan Manto’s Fiction on Youth of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan." Media and Communication Review 1, no. 2 (December 26, 2021): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/mcr.12.06.
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This study aims to look at the idea that Manto straightforwardly expounded on man and woman’s intimate relationships. Reading fiction, dramatizations and books are similarly impacted personalities of the readers as visual screenplays, Manto's fiction engravings in all accessible mediums of print and electronic although quotes from his fictions likewise broadly tune in and share in online communities. This persistence of his work accessibility and appreciation touched the researcher to deal with his fiction to check its psychological effects on the youth of Lahore. This inquiry is strengthened by the reader-response theory to identify the youth perception and understandings about his fictions and Uses and Gratification for the resolutions and intentions of youth to escalate his work. The quantitative survey method utilized, and data collected with Purposive sampling, 500 respondents were chosen, the findings of the study showed, that Manto's fictions make anxiety and eroticism in youth along with this his fictions create mindfulness about social taboo`s and social associations.
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Uzma Munir and Memoona Asif. "Racism and Alienation in Postcolonial Context: A Study of Tariq Rehman’s Short Story “BINGO”." ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE 5, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/assap.v5i1.347.
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Referring to the phenomenon of racism and alienation in Pakistani literature, it is first advantageous to examine Pakistan’s Postcolonial democracy. Pakistan was colonized under British rule for 90 years and got its independent recognition in 1947. In 1971, the political and social conflicts fueled the armed forces to start a third war between India and Pakistan. Consequently, East Pakistan (i.e., present Bangladesh) formally separated from West Pakistan. This paper focuses on two major dimensions of postcolonialism i.e., Racism and Alienation, in Tariq Rehman’s short fiction Bingo. Postcolonialism is used as a theoretical framework to postulate the formation and fragmentation of East and West Pakistani nations in 1971. The conventional treatment of colonial hegemony by West Pakistan to East Pakistan is analyzed through the characters of Tajassur and Safeer. The outcome of the hegemonic scenario gives birth to some toxic substances of civil war such as brutality, mass destruction, deprivation, hatred, and family loss, which are couched through the diction and style opted by Tariq Rehman. This study is exclusive in a way that it elucidates the social and emotional estrangement of the Pakistan Military Academy (PMA) towards a minority (i.e., Bengalis) before the independence of Bangladesh. This work further examines the text to mediate all the scenarios of West Pakistan’s power shift from being under British raj to rule over Bengalis. To interpret the orientation and worthiness of data; thematic analysis is used as a more flexible yet influential tool; to discuss the hegemonic foundation after partition in Pakistan
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Mehmood, Sadaf. "Voicing The Silences: Women In Contemporary Pakistani Fiction In English." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 18, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v18i1.28.
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Indigenous women of Pakistan have long been struggling with the patriarchal norms. Categorization of their existence in the conventional oppressions connotes diversified victimization. Grappling with such assorted repressions and articulating the subsequent silences, women writers of Pakistan and the social activists are incessantly engaged to empower women from societal peripheries. The selected fiction exposes how the indigenous woman is controlled and exploited on the name of religio-cultural rhetoric. The present article outlines the historical developments in changing the social positioning of women after independence by highlighting the urgency of raising women consciousness in the academic sphere to form an alliance for collective identity. This article evaluates Ice Candy Man (1988), My Feudal Lord (1994) and Trespassing (2003) to explore the changing images of indigenous Pakistani women after partition. It aims to highlight the struggle and resistance of female characters against the patriarchal propriety of Pakistani society. The study is significant to highlight the struggles of women writers to articulate the silences of assorted exploitation buried under the hegemony of socio-historical discourses. The study concludes that through female characterization the women writers organize specific academic movement of awakening that provides situational analysis to relate with the turbulences of the fictional world to correspond the real challenges.
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Khan, Zarine. "National identities in Pakistan: the 1971 war in contemporary Pakistani fiction." Contemporary South Asia 21, no. 3 (September 2013): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2013.827441.
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Sen, Madhurima. "(Re)Constructing the Bengali: Propaganda and Resistance in Immediate Post-1971 Pakistani Fiction." Southeast Asian Review of English 60, no. 1 (July 16, 2023): 103–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sare.vol60no1.7.
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During the war of 1971 and for a considerable amount of time afterward, manipulation of media reports and military propaganda in Pakistan contributed to cultural stereotypes of Bengalis as ‘others’. This paper analyses two immediate Pakistani fictional responses to the war published in 1973: “Bingo” by Tariq Rahman and “Hearth and Home” by Parveen Sarwar. It considers the relationship between literature as a medium and the rigid structure of religious nationalist loyalties and state propaganda, probing the dynamics between imaginative fiction and the top-down approach of statist historiography. It draws attention to the heterogeneity of literary strategies employed by authors and their divergent engagements with formulaic images of the Bengali ‘other’, which in turn shape the construction of national identity in the narratives. Along with focusing on the role of literature in ‘shattering the silence’, it aims to foreground the role played by fiction in maintaining stereotypical, archetypal, and antagonistic inter-ethnic relations.
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Khan Chaudhry, Mahmood Ali. "Note Child Labour - Facts and Fiction." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 2, no. 2 (July 1, 1997): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.1997.v2.i2.a8.
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Child labour exists throughout the third world including Pakistan. For some unknown reason, the Western Press has chosen to single out Pakistan to decry the system. The May 1997 issue of the Readers’ Digest carried a particularly vicious article entitled `No Life for a Child’ giving harrowing tales of beatings and other forms of coercion to make little children in Pakistan to work in factories. Advantage is taken of the fact that there has been no census in the country for two decades to bloat the figures of child labour. One estimate going the rounds is 15 million. But the more popular figure is 8 million which both UNICEF and SAARC have adopted. ILO produced a figure of 6.3 million till, in 1996 it sponsored a survey which turned up the figure of 3.3 million. In a country with a population of 132 million, every man, woman and child of which is under a debt burden of about Rs 13,021 per annum the figure of 3.3 million labouring children should not take anyone by surprise. Not that this is any justification for child labour.
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Asim Karim. "Pakistani Fiction in English: Exploring Decolonial Epistemological Prospects and Challenges in English Classroom Practices in Pakistan." Journal of Contemporary Poetics 6, no. 2 (August 8, 2023): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.54487/jcp.v6i2.2890.
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This research focuses on Pakistani Fiction in English as a useful tool for language learners to improve their language skills, understanding of culture, and intercultural competence. The discussion shows the vast cultural diversity and linguistic ingenuity evident in Pakistani anglophone texts, enabling learners to participate with authentic language use and get a deeper understanding of Pakistani society. This paper also examines the practical implications of introducing these texts into language classes, highlighting the need for context-based activities, critical thinking exercises, and discussions to promote language competency and cultural sensitivity. Overall, this study reveals that Pakistani anglophone texts offer a significant and underutilised resource for language learners mainly at the undergraduate levels, increasing linguistic competence, cultural appreciation, and cross-cultural communication skills. By combining these materials into the language curriculum, educators can give learners a more comprehensive and interesting language learning experience that represents the rich linguistic and cultural terrain of Pakistan. This paper also assesses the obstacles present in using Pakistani writings in English for language learning objectives. It concludes that the measure will go a long way in decolonising the English language curriculum in Pakistan while empowering learners not only linguistically but also strengthening their cultural identity. By embracing a decolonial perspective, educators may create a more inclusive, relevant, and empowering learning environment that prepares students to navigate a globalised world while honouring their local heritage.
Keywords: English language teaching, teaching literature for English language learning, teaching Pakistani anglophone fiction, decolonial epistemology, decolonisation of English language instruction, content-based instruction.
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Arooj, Saba, Kiran Batool, and Tabeer Fatima. "Unveiling Masculinity: Exploring Metaphorical Representations of Men in Pakistani Fiction through Mohsin Hamid's "Moth Smoke"." Journal of Languages, Culture and Civilization 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/jlcc.v5i2.176.
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The objective of this study is to conduct a thorough examination of the conceptual metaphors used to depict men in Pakistani society, with the aim of revealing the dominant conceptualization of male gender in Pakistan. The study is based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) as its theoretical framework, and employs content analysis as the research methodology. The novel "Moth Smoke" by Mohsin Hamid has been chosen as the primary source due to its Pakistani setting, which provides a wealth of pertinent information. The findings reveal that the male gender is predominantly associated with the responsibility of earning and providing financial support for the entire family. Furthermore, men are portrayed as enjoying autonomy, allowing them to prioritize their own needs and desires. The outcomes of this study hold significant potential for future researchers investigating the role of conceptual metaphors in shaping gender conceptualization within societies, as well as their significance in literature as a medium for representing gender dynamics. By delving into the metaphoric representations of men in Pakistani fiction, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the cultural construction of masculinity in Pakistan and highlights the nuanced ways in which gender roles are portrayed and perceived in the literary realm.
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Ahmed, Toqeer. "PRECARIOUS LIVES PRECARIOUS GEOGRAPHIES: REPRESENTATION OF BIOPOLITICS, VIOLENCE AND NECROPOLITICS IN CONTEMPORARY PAKISTANI ANGLOPHONE FICTION." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 03, no. 04 (December 31, 2021): 456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v3i4.308.
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This article examines the ways in which Pakistani writers—Jamil Ahmad’s The Wandering Falcon and Fatima Bhutto’s The Shadow of the Crescent Moon—rebut violence and politics of life and death in the tribal areas of Pakistan against the backdrop of effects of wars in the neighbouring Afghanistan. Even though violence varies between and within countries, Pakistan and its tribal areas have long been seen as the epicentre to execute or take refuge by those who have been involved in the acts of violence and extremism in the region. This tribal region due to its special constitutional status has been considered as safe haven for people fighting against their own state and in the region; first against the Soviet and later the Unites States-led war against terrorism which affected the life of people living in the region. Through the examination of literary texts, I argue that life in the tribal areas of Pakistan was managed through indigenous structures which maintained discipline for centuries before the region was exposed to foreign occupations and wars in the neighbouring Afghanistan; as a result of foreign occupations (Soviet and war on terror) in the neighbouring areas the strategies of domination, subjugation and occupation also changed. Using the theoretical framework of violence and politics of life and death developed by Michael Foucault, Achille Mbembe, Giorgio Agamben, Zygmunt Baumann and others, this article highlights the shift from ‘making live and letting die’ to ‘let live and make die’ in the tribal region between Pakistan and Afghanistan. It is qualitative research with a specific focus on violence in the selected texts in the context of tribal areas. The similar effects in other parts of the country can be explored through future studies. Keywords: Biopolitics, Necropolitics, Violence, Tribal Areas of Pakistan, Effects of Wars
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Adhikary, Ramesh Prasad. "Pakistan, Rushdie and Shame." Academia Research Journal 2, no. 1 (February 13, 2023): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/academia.v2i1.52332.
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The objective of this research paper is to investigate the fragments of historical reality regarding the military coup in Pakistan. In Salman Rushdie's novel Shame, the concept of shame refers to the national shame caused by an attack on democracy. From the standpoint of New Historicism, the work contains several traces and pieces of history relating to the military takeover during Bhutto's government in Pakistan. In Rushdie's Shame, physical details and cruel and horrible acts cover numerous historical truths. Suffiya is a representation of the shame she experienced. She first expresses the shame through her normally ashamed expression. Later, the internal guilt manifests as disease. She keeps feeling more and more ashamed. In this study, a fragment of historical truth about the military coup and the ensuing loss of democracy in Pakistan is indirectly examined beneath the literary specifics of Salman Rushdie's novel Shame. In order to show how Zia's military coup overthrows democracy, the study claims that Rushdie makes many allusions to historical truth that are concealed under fiction and fantasy. The researcher uses the theory of New Historicism, particularly those interpretative tools advanced by Michel Foucault and Stephen Greenblatt, to interpret the text. As part of a qualitative research project, Salman Rushdie’s novel Shame was analyzed using the literary device of new historicism. The study came to the conclusion that Rushdie's Shame uses fiction and fantasy to depict the traces of historical fragments. By fictionalizing official history, it reveals the historical truth that lies behind historical actuality.
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Fareeha Zaheer. "Theatrical Milieu: Investigating Drama and Theatre in tandem with Socio-Political Landscape of Pakistan." sjesr 4, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss2-2021(278-287).
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This study is an attempt to trace the impacts of socio-political conditions in the formation and evolution of drama and theatre traditions in Pakistan. It provides the genesis of theatre and drama in Pakistan intertwining it with the past and present situations of this genre of literature. It also ventures at the inert position of drama and theatre in English in Pakistan. Qualitative textual analysis is conducted to analyze and highlight the major available critical acumen in the genre of Pakistani drama and theatre. The methodology adopted is interpretive of the theatrical performances by major theatre groups, and the contributions of key playwrights in cementing the foundation of drama and theatre traditions. The major findings are related to the socio-political situations prevalent since the inception of Pakistan and their significance in shaping both dramas in writing and drama in performance. It also examines the role of pioneer theatrical groups and their projects that carved a niche in the theatrical landscape of Pakistan. As compared to fiction theatre and drama remained sporadic and lackluster affair in Pakistan, it is vital to have a deeper understanding and clarity of the socio-political issues that shaped resistance &political theatres and later commercial theatre groups.
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Jabbar, Maria, and Dr Muhammad Arfan Lodhi. "Subalternity and Displacement in Rafia Zakaria’s “Upstairs Wife”: A Critique upon Pakistani Fiction." Children and Teenagers 7, no. 2 (July 26, 2024): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ct.v7n2p1.
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The study explored the themes of subalternity, displacement, and resistance in Rafia Zakaria’s book “Upstairs Wife”, which is set in Pakistan in the 1970s and 1980s against a backdrop of sociopolitical unrest. The research examined how characters—especially the heroine Amina—maneuver through overlapping kinds of oppression and marginalization within a patriarchal, economically stratified, and politically unstable society through careful reading and thematic analysis of the text. The research highlighted the widespread injustices and inequities that marginalized groups in Pakistani society must contend with, such as economic precarity, gendered subalternity, and religious othering. In addition, the research looked at the several ways that characters have been displaced on a physical, emotional, and political level. The research clarified the intricate processes of power, identity forms, and resistance among disadvantaged groups by examining the connections between subalternity and displacement. The findings provide insights for future study and scholarship on literature, identity, and power relations, as well as to larger conversations about social justice, empowerment, and human rights in Pakistan and throughout the world.
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Syed, Ghazal Kazim. "Citizenship through Fiction." Asian Journal of Social Science 48, no. 5-6 (December 4, 2020): 468–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04805006.
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Abstract This study explores students’ responses to identifying two themes of citizenship, identity, and discrimination in literary texts taught to them at undergraduate level as part of their curriculum at a department of English at a government university in Sindh, Pakistan. The current study takes responses of the students who have read five novels as part of their curriculum, through questionnaires, to find out if they identify the two themes in those novels. Further to the questionnaire data, interviews are conducted under the framework of reader-response theory to investigate the factors that have led to students’ choice of certain texts over others. The study finds that students relate to and identify citizenship themes in the texts that are closer to their socio-geographic cultures. The students, however, do not identify themes in those novels that are difficult in structure as understanding the narrative technique takes up most of the effort of the readers. Based on the findings of this study, citizenship educators and teachers of English can recommend more appropriate texts to teach identity and discrimination through literature wherever explicit statutory teaching of citizenship may not be possible.
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Aman, Mashaal, and Shamaila Dodhy. "ESSENTIALIZED REPRESENTATION OF THE EAST: A REORIENTALIST STUDY OF SELECTED PAKISTANI DIASPORIC ANGLOPHONE FICTION." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 01 (March 31, 2022): 921–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i1.984.
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The present study is oriented to sift the theory of reorientalism that the Pakistani diasporic writers use as a tool to represent an essentialised and glorified picture of their native land. Unlike orientalism, reorientalism deals with how the East is presented as a spectacle of consumption in the West by the Eastern writers themselves. This study examines the issue of literary representation at the global level which goes through Western gatekeepers for publication. Pakistani diasporic writers are instigating a simulated truth instead of a holistic portrayal of 21st century Pakistan by culturally appropriating and mimicking their native cultural and regional aspects. This study proposes that these writers are marketed as insiders by the West but in actuality, they are outsiders as they have lost touch with their roots. The critique of the selected text highlights that contemporary Pakistani fiction requires radical epistemic delinking from the colonial matrix of power and aims to highlight the establishment of epistemic pluriversality and calls for an end of cultural and epistemic exploitation and hierarchies among several epistemologies Keywords: commodification, cultural appropriation, epistemic pluriversality, essentialism, mis-representation, reorientalism
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Khan, Tania Ali. "Morphological Integration of Urdu Loan Words in Pakistani English." English Language Teaching 13, no. 5 (April 21, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n5p49.
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Pakistani English is a variety of English language concerning Sentence structure, Morphology, Phonology, Spelling, and Vocabulary. The one semantic element, which makes the investigation of Pakistani English additionally fascinating is the Vocabulary. Pakistani English uses many loan words from Urdu language and other local dialects, which have become an integral part of Pakistani English, and the speakers don't feel odd while using these words. Numerous studies are conducted on Pakistani English Vocabulary, yet a couple manage to deal with morphology. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the morphological integration of Urdu loan words in Pakistani English. Another purpose of the study is to investigate the main reasons of this morphological integration process. The Qualitative research method is used in this study. Researcher prepares a sample list of 50 loan words for the analysis. These words are randomly chosen from the newspaper “The Dawn” since it is the most dispersed English language newspaper in Pakistan. Some words are selected from the Books and Novellas of Pakistani English fiction authors, and concise Oxford English Dictionary, 11th edition. The results show that, when the Urdu language loan words are morphologically integrated in Pakistan English, they do not change their grammatical category. Moreover, four distinguished morphological process are identified in integration of these loan words. The results also reveal that deficit hypothesis is the main reason of this lexical borrowin.
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Kakar, Sara Iqbal, Humaira Riaz, and Nayab Ahmad Khan. "‘WAR AS REMEDY OR POISON’: READING THE BLIND MAN'S GARDEN AND THE KITE RUNNER WITH A CRITICAL LENS OF MBEMBE’S NECROPOLITICS." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 1577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.93158.
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Purpose of the Study: This study emphasizes the contribution of fiction in highlighting the American exercise of power around the world predominantly Pakistan and Afghanistan. It investigates how America has become a dictating body deciding the life and death of human beings mainly in South Asian developing countries.
Methodology: Being Qualitative, this study uses Eaglestone’s (2000) close reading technique to analyze words and structure of the texts of Khalid Hosseini's The Kite Runner and Nadeem Aslam Khan’s The Blind Man’s Garden. It develops a descriptive thesis leading to construct arguments by drawing a theoretical framework from Mbembe’s necropolitics (2003). Mbembe took his inspiration from Foucault’s idea of bio-power. Modern narrative discourse on sovereignty and its relation to war is taken as the main subject of necropolitics. Mbembe’s idea of sovereignty as an exercise to get control of the mortality of the enemy helps to interpret the texts via the close reading method.
Main Findings: This study evaluated two novels to assert that necropolitics by taking its four basic concepts, power, war, politics, and death was the actual controlling power of a country. It analyzed fictional characters to argue how individuals endured hardships because of the necropolitical exercise of America and Russia in Afghanistan. Mbembe’s conception of necropolitics helps in understanding fiction.
Applications of this study: The present study has significant implications from both theoretical and interpretative perspectives. Necropolitics, originally a political notion is reworked in fiction, which asserts that using this concept, power relations, their roots, and exercise around the world can be explored in various fields. This study contributes to dismantling the latent necropolitics in the society represented in fiction. It elevates the social and political consciousness of the general public of South Asia, particularly Pakistan and Afghanistan. This study can be helpful in the field of psychology to popularize the notion of necropolitics in contemporary society.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Comparatively a new field, Necropolitics has been discussed in the fields of medical sciences and education. This study significantly highlights its existence in the field of literary studies. Fiction as a direct reflection of society helps in deconstructing the prevailing exercise of necropolitics in South Asian society. It is also helpful in raising the social and political consciousness of South Asian people.
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Sushil, Jey. "Making Sense of Fragmented Bodies across Generations: Tamas and Kitne Pakistan." Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 8, no. 2 (December 19, 2022): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2022.14.05.
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What is the real extent of 75 years when discussing a traumatic event like the Partition of 1947, at least in fiction? In a bid to explore this, the article analyzes two Hindi novels divided by a span of 27 years: the first, Bhisham Sahni’s Tamas (1973), was considered an early and now classic fictional intervention (though late by the standards of some other Indian languages, such as Urdu and Punjabi) in the narratives of Partition, and the other, Kamleshwar’s Kitne Pakistan (2000), was published at the cusp of the new millennium. Much had changed in India over those three decades. Did these changes brought about by globalization, liberalization, and new technology also influence the representation of violence, communalism, and relationships between communities, maybe even an understanding of the causes of the Partition? While examining the differences in narration of time and space, as well as stylistic divergences, the article notes and highlights the different ways in which both the novels lack a hero and deals with the idea of hope and utopia that is read in the context of violence during Partition/Partitions.
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Gautam, Devi Prasad. "“Disgrace, Distress and Death: Traumatized Women in Partition Fiction”." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 7 (August 2, 2022): 673–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.97.12765.
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This paper analyzes fictional works written around the massive violence of Partition of South Asia into two nations--India and Pakistan--in 1947. It reads short stories such as Saadat Hasan Manto’s “The Return,” Kartar Singh Duggal’s “Kulsum,” Khadija Mastur’s “They Are Taking Me Away, Father, They Are Taking Me Away,” and Ghulam Abbas’s “Avtar: A Hindu Myth;” and novels like Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan, Bapsi Sidhwa’s Cracking India, Bhisham Sahni’s Tamas, and Chaman Nahal’s Azadi to examine the impact of the genocidal violence specifically on female characters. The study finds that the fictional texts corroborate with the theoretical arguments of scholars such as Urvashi Butalia, and Ritu Menon and Kamla Bhasin that notwithstanding the suffering of millions of people, the irrational Partition made women the worst victims of the subcontinent’s tragedy highlighting the moments when they are abducted, raped, kept as mistresses, forced to work as prostitutes, traded, or even killed. The texts show that—despite rare moments of women’s agency—men from the warring communities in both nations sexually exploit vulnerable women mostly from the opposing community. The paper argues that the scenes of intense physical and psychological pain of women depicting their dishonor, disgrace, distress, trauma, or death in the examined works reveal that men assaulted vulnerable women not only to flaunt their own manliness but also to demean the religion and the manhood of the victimized community.
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Khan, Hashim, Muhammad Umer, and Amjad Saleem. "A Narrative of Confrontation and Reconciliation Through Vivid Symbolism: A Study of Mohsin Hamid's Novel the Reluctant Fundamentalist." Global Language Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(v-iii).14.
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This study examined The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid, a response to American position on 9/11. The author's 'research back' and 'counter history' literary technique was explored to analyze it as a fiction of confrontation and reconciliation. Both the elements have been studied with reference to vivid symbolism of the characters, names, situations, texts and references. The novel is a bold encounter with American political narrative and military response. Out of a huge volume of post-9/11 fiction, The Reluctant Fundamentalist stands out as a part of counter narrative literature. This study reveals its position as a fiction which puts forth a balanced approach. The novel, despite displaying the element of confrontation, presents the gesture of reconciliation. It does not incite for war; it invites for political, cultural and socioeconomic engagement. It stipulates the need for Pakistan and the Muslim world to minimize their gulf of mistrust and misunderstanding with America.
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Naz, Bushra. "Postcolonialism, Liberal Internationalism, 9/11 and Pakistani English Fiction." University of Chitral Journal of Linguistics and Literature 5, no. II (December 30, 2021): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iii.339.
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In this article, I argue that Momo, Chengaze, and Daanish’s quest of political liberty and identity in Red Birds, The Reluctant Fundamentalist, and Trespassing respectively manifests that liberal-internationalism is a colonial agenda. Focussing on the development of liberal internationalism because of the transformation of the colonial to a neo-colonial strategy of the powerful countries, I argue that Pakistani fiction demonstrates these policies influencing and affecting the everyday life of ordinary Muslims living in refugee camps, diaspora, or in Pakistan. The focal point would be the examination of the procedures and constituents of liberal-internationalism to distinguish colonial subterfuges and ruses of upholding control in the erstwhile and contemporaneous colonies exemplified in these novels in the context of post 9/11. For the purpose of this analysis, I have taken Chris Brown and Kristen Ainley’s notion of liberal internationalism as a modern means of colonization, Gilbert Rist’s ideas of liberal internationalism as a medium of disguised colonization, and E. H. Carr’s view of internationalism as a utopian fantasy for fundamentally being a colonial economic agenda to keep afloat the conflict between ‘haves’ and ‘have not’ by way of creating an economic dependency of the third world nations’ upon the rich nations. Following this, I will interpret Brown, Ainley, and Rist’s philosophy of the production of liberal internationalism as a secreted ploy of modern colonization building on Carr’s notion of international liberalism as a paradox of political and economic freedom and a disagreement against it for political and economic liberty, an essential element in M. Hanif, Mohsin Hamid, and Uzma Aslam Khan’s protagonist’s achievement of individual sovereignty through a fundamental reconceptualization of their identity to the decolonization of their personhood.
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Zainab, Noreen. "Repression, Isolation, and Paranoia: A Psychoanalytic Feminist Study of ‘The Nightmare’ by Rukhsana Ahmad." University of Chitral Journal of Linguistics and Literature 1, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33195/uochjll/1/1/05/2017.
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Generally, literature written by Pakistani women writers in English depicts women as victims of patriarchy, social and cultural oppression. Meanwhile, in recent times the short fiction is exploring new paradigms related to the psychological oppression of married women in Pakistan. The following paper selects the short story, ‘The Nightmare’ by Pakistani writer, Rukhsana Ahmad, where a housewife suffers from paranoia because of disconsolate marriage. Therefore, this research aims to study the causes of psychological disorders specifically paranoia among apparently happy housewives. Moreover, the causes and effects of repression and isolation on personality of women would be discussed from the psychoanalytic feminist perspective using the framework of Sigmund Freud (1973- 86) through the character of Fariha. Through the method of character analysis (Dobie, 2011) this paper concludes that the childhood experiences of repression are the reason for victim’s passiveness towards psychological oppression during adult life. This paper would also help in establishing the conclusion that women who suffer abuse in their childhood are more likely to face abuse in their adult lives, which becomes the cause of their psychological instability.
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Sundus Javaid, Dr. Ghazal Shaikh, and Dr. Waseem Malik. "‘The world where dreams come true’- Using the novel The Reluctant Fundamentalist to explore the cultural and religious identity issues through an online literary exchange." Panacea Journal of Linguistics & Literature 2, no. 2 (March 14, 2024): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.59075/pjll.v2i2.370.
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This paper presents original research which explores university students’ perceptions of cultural and religious identity issues in relation to Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist at two public sector universities in Sindh and Punjab, Pakistan. The theoretical concepts of dialogism and mestiza consciousness are used as major frameworks governing this study. The findings are based on data supplied by 16 students through google circles. The key arguments based on findings of this study are that the participants discussed and connected to cultural and religious identity in the novel that was geographically, socially and temporally close in terms of their local and global context. These results are important for curriculum designers, teachers and researchers in dialogism, mestiza consciousness, fiction and education in the context as they provide significant insights into students’ perceptions in relation to fiction
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Gautam, Bimal. "Subversive Humanism in Manto’s Partition Fiction." Interdisciplinary Journal of Innovation in Nepalese Academia 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/idjina.v1i1.51970.
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Ironizing the violence to convey the political message about minority, Saadat Hasan Monto uses humanistic radical irony as a vehicle for political commentary by demystifying the politics of the representation of violence in official texts of both modern India and Pakistan. Partition affected every sector of human affairs badly. So, partition stories depict the irreplaceable loss displacement, dispossession, abduction, rape, painful death and other forms of violence that common people suffered from all three communities: Hindu, Sikh and Muslim. Manto counts the prime position who dealt with reality of the existing violence by showing it at various levels as familial, social, economic, political, religious others. In that course Manto also subverts the limited and biased notion of partition, which took partition of India as only the partition of territory and people. In the light of Hutcheon’s notion of ‘radical use of irony’, I argue that Manto’s use of irony in “Cold Meat” and “Open it” shows the utter cruelty of the people in power and authority at the time of partition violence and humanity shown by the marginalized section of society. His writing encapsulates his empathy for the victims and his belief in the essential goodness of humanity. The humanity that shines through in his writings about the down-trodden people living in the fringes of society, and the victims of partition violence of 1947 are an integral part of his stories.
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Dr.Tahseen Bibi, Raj Muhammad. "Role of Younas Qayasi in Evolution of Drama on Peshawar Television." DARYAFT 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52015/daryaft.v14i2.279.
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Drama is a literary genre of fiction .It has dated back as the human history itself. It passed through various cultural boundaries. In Hindustan, various dramatists exhibited their skills and potential in it. When partition of Pakistan took place, the dramatists of KPK, especially showed great contributions. One of among them, Younas Qayasi is well known dramatist, who presented and staged not only Urdu but Pashto and Hindko dramas too. He earned great fame and name at national and International level.
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Ali, Hira, Tabinda Khawer, and Noor-ul Ain. "Representation of Female Figure in Sidhwa’s “The Bride”." ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/assap.v1i2.21.
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The research aims at examining the essence of patriarchy in the ill-treatment of post-colonial women. Women were deliberately manipulated in that era. This highlights the absurdity of patriarchal society as a governing power. The ruthless customs, honor of tribes and word of shame has only meanings for women. A patriarchal society like Pakistan which is repressive and oppressive gives privilege to men and allows their harsh treatment toward women, they are considered inferior to men and are sexually oppressed. This work covers the ways of Sidhwa with which she has applied the feministic approach in her work through gynocritic lense and concludes the excellence of the writer by which she has presented such a marvelous piece of English fiction in the history of Pakistan. We will also make an effort to depict the suppressed, objective, gendered and marginalized journey of Sidhwa’s woman.
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Awais, Sania, and Kanwal Ameen. "The Reading Preferences of Primary School Children in Lahore." Pakistan Journal of Information Management and Libraries 14 (December 1, 2013): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47657/201314769.
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The scope of this study aims at investigating reading preferences of children of Lahore city, which is the capital of Punjab province-Pakistan. It was assumed that proper attention towards providing reading opportunities to primary school students (First -Fifth grade) in Pakistan is vital while inculcating reading habits at that tender age. The study was conducted on 300 primary school students. A target group of 300 primary school students was selected for this study. Mainly survey method based on administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from young students. The findings suggested that the children prefer to read locally published printed material in English. Respondents were found interested in reading short stories. (Fiction books, narrating adventure stories remained their favorite. On basis of the findings, the study furnishes suggestions for parents, teachers and school librarians, along with the local publishers for playing their effective role in developing reading habits and addresses the barriers in this regard.
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Shariff, Zahid. "Discourse of Development." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 3, no. 2 (July 1, 1998): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.1998.v3.i2.a2.
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The assumption that people were to be given theatre was of course in keeping with the government fiction that people were to be given development particularly if they behaved themselves. (Wa Thiong’o, 1986:41) Despite our short history, the norms of scholarship in Pakistan have already become well entrenched: the grooves already seem so deep that digging ourselves out of them may present some difficulties. (One example of that in the social sciences generally, and political science and history in particular, is the retelling of the major historical events and noting major trends without offering any remarkably new interpretations).
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Nadeem, Nida, Asim Karim, and Hafiza Rashna Ashraf. "Uzma Aslam Khan's Thinner Than Skin and Prospects for Aesthetic Appreciation." Global Language Review VIII, no. II (June 30, 2023): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2023(viii-ii).13.
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The present study argues that the novel Thinner than Skin is not intended to be read as a depiction of the beautiful scenery of northern Pakistan. Instead, the beauty of the landscape's surface masks the bleak/painful reality beneath. As a result, aesthetic issues in Thinner than Skin revolves around whether or not the underlying sufferings that contradict the sublime should be taken into account when appraising the creative worth of works of fiction. When reading the story from Schopenhauer's point of view, this lends new meanings and an existential difficulty to the aesthetic beauty of the aforementioned locations.
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Liaqat, Qurratulaen, and Amra Raza. "Diasporic Intertextual Musings: The Relevance of Classical Urdu Poetry to Contemporary Pakistani Situation in Nadeem Aslam’s The Golden Legend." NUML journal of critical inquiry 18, no. I (June 1, 2020): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52015/numljci.v18ii.125.
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Anglophone literary works usually refer implicitly or explicitly to the culture, language and literature of authors’ native lands. Nadeem Aslam is one such author who makes explicit use of native language and literature in his fiction. Most of his works refer to classical Urdu poetry, phrases and extended adjectives to embellish as well as celebrate the rich legacy of the classical Urdu poetry tradition. Thus, intertextuality is a predominant feature of Aslam’s latest novel, The Golden Legend (2017). It is is not only an intertextual narrative but also an intercultural and inter-linguistic text because it incorporates popular classical Urdu poetry’s diction, metaphors and symbols. Aslam employs old poetic expressions and connects them to specific contexts of the characters in his novels. For instance, Urdu expressions like zamana and chaaragar are of special importance in the narrative structure of the novel. Moreover, the spatial structures of ‘garden’ and ‘Cordoba Mosque’ connect this text with classical Urdu literary tradition. Additionally, the English translations of many Urdu verses enrich the implied meanings of this novel. This study conducts a hermeneutic textual analysis of Aslam’s novel according to the theoretical frameworks of ‘intertextuality’ proposed by Julia Kristeva and Gerard Gennette. This paper contends that the use of Urdu language and literature is not random but a deliberate narrative technique that demonstrates the relevance of Urdu classical poetry to the contemporary socio-political situation of Pakistan. The Golden Legend illustrates the continuing relevance of Urdu classical poetry for present-day Pakistan and forges a new literary tradition of Urdu inspired poetic-prose in the mainstream contemporary Anglophone fiction.
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Majchrowicz, Daniel. "Fingernails Torn from Flesh: Intiz̤ār Ḥusain, Rām Laʿl, and Travel Writing across the India-Pakistan Border." Journal of Urdu Studies 1, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 241–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659050-12340012.
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Abstract Studies on the Partition of India have historically examined the years immediately before and after 1947, drawing heavily on Urdu fiction. Recent historiographic advances, however, emphasize “partitioning” to convey partition’s prolonged, indeterminate, and ongoing nature. This article suggests that the Urdu travel account is a primary literary space to negotiate the long-term signification of Partition and, as such, exemplifies processes of partitioning. It argues for the existence of a distinct category, the “cross-border travel account,” offering a critical and comparative reading of works by Intiz̤ār Ḥusain and Rām Laʿl to explore how the genre negotiates the legacy and future of Partition.
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Sharma, Malvika. "Home, by the River down that Valley, beyond that Fence." Borders in Globalization Review 4, no. 2 (August 17, 2023): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/bigr42202320994.
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This documentary fiction builds on lived experiences in the borderland district of Poonch, in the contested region of Jammu and Kashmir, administered by India along the contested border with Pakistan. The short story draws on fieldwork conducted between 2018 and 2020 as part of my PhD thesis and for an article published in this journal. The characters and events in the essay are fictional but inspired by real-life people and history, based on informal conversations, unused data collection, and other reflections from the field that did not make it into my academic work. An inspiration for this approach is the writing of Gloria Anzaldua on the US–Mexico border. Her reflections demonstrate that lived experiences need not always fit established academic and disciplinary boundaries. Subjective narratives around partition and separation cannot be contained by any one disciplinary framework. The trauma, yearning, and loss within these experiences are so multifaceted that they can be expressed through various writing styles. It is time, I believe, that borderland studies encourage interpersonal accounts in disciplinary inquiries, following some of the steps taken in sociology and social anthropology.
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Ali, Kamran, and Muhammad Amir. "Impact of Audit Committee structure on firms’ value in Pakistan: Evidence from the Cement Sector." Journal of Corporate Governance Research 2, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jcgr.v2i1.14028.
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The core tenacity of this study is to check out how the audit committee structure influence on firms’ financial value. With the help of literature, the study sets its main objective and uses penal data of 14 companies from cement sector which covers a period of 4 years from 2013 to 2016. The fixed effect approach is used to get the results of regression. The finding of the empirical outcomes is indicating that the Audit Committee structure has a substantial effect on firms’ financial value. The study used data from one sector and only from Pakistan, due to which the application of results in other sectors and the economy is not strong enough. According to superlative of our understanding, this type of research has conducted for the first time in Pakistan which contributes in the fiction of corporate governance as a showing effect of the audit committee structure on firms’ performance. This article provides helpful information to those who are affiliated with the management authorities when they design the structure of Audit committee, so they should make a good combination of audit committee elements for the better performance of the company.
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Shaikh, Dr Ghazal, and Tania Shabir Shaikh. "Challenges in Teaching and Learning English Fiction: Insights from Undergraduate Students at a Public University in Pakistan." Bahria University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 6, no. 1 (June 27, 2023): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.58800/bujhss.v6i1.155.
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The current study has investigated students’ preferences to literary texts in an undergraduate literature course at a public sector university in Pakistan. Guided by reader-response theory, this study’s data was supplied by 52 participants. Firstly, anonymous and voluntary feedback was collected from 52 undergraduate students of English Literature. Secondly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that students’ personal life experiences play a significant role in determining their preference for novels in their curriculum. Most students based their preference of novels on their own moral code so much so that they disliked novels that did not fit their moral standards suggesting that they should be removed from the curriculum. These results are important for curriculum designers and researchers of literature.
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Zuberi, N. A. "Private Power Generation—Opportunities and Challenges." Pakistan Development Review 47, no. 4II (December 1, 2008): 1019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v47i4iipp.1019-1027.
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POWER INDUSTRY DYNAMICS The concept of modern world is imperfect without electricity. The development of modern gadgets in past two decades has made human living as reflection of a science fiction movie. The fiction like living’s axis in fact is electricity and without electricity every thing comes to a grinding halt. Though this picture is portrait of the developed world, yet everyone would agree that wherever electricity has reached, it has transformed everything into power reliant. Whether it is Pakistan or any third world country, the industry; the commerce; the banking system; the methods of teaching in educational institutions; hospitals; control systems of civil aviation and civic traffic systems; and the domestic living, everything revolves around electricity. Whenever there is any break in electricity supply, output of every segment of society drops down to its lowest ebb. Many segments such as process industry and hospitals require highly reliable power supply systems. Truly, electricity is no more a luxury available to rich only; it has now become a basic need. However, scientists have not yet fully succeed in overcoming the challenges posed by the dynamics of electricity. First of all their failure to store electricity on commercial scale has made it necessary to keep generating electricity all the time. However, managing the generation quantum to meet the varying intra-day and inter-day power demand at places which are hundreds of miles apart require dedicated and sophisticated transmission and distribution infrastructure. The problem accentuated in countries like Pakistan where the generation capacity reduces in winter due to lower availability of its hydro power plants and lower availability of gas for thermal generation plants. The transmission cum distribution infrastructure as well as installation cum operations of power generating plants is very capital intensive. Hence it is very difficult for the governments and / or power utilities to develop the generation capacity and the transmission cum distribution network all by itself.
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Roy, Dibyadyuti. "From Non-places to Places: Transforming Partition Rehabilitation Camps Through the Gendered Quotidian." Millennial Asia 9, no. 1 (April 2018): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399617753752.
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The political partition of India in 1947 into a truncated India and the dominion of Pakistan witnessed a wave of forced migration, hitherto unseen in human history. The alteration of a singular national space into two separate nation-states based on religious identities forced the movement of almost twelve million people, in search of a new homeland. Although this exodus was experienced differently based on socio-economic backgrounds—unfortunately in ways akin to any violent transition—women formed the most susceptible ground to the rigours of the Partition. Gross and barbarous acts of violence perpetuated against women were derived from a hypermasculinized nationalist ideology: one that perceived women’s bodies as sites where national and religious identities needed to be forcibly inscribed. Partition historiography, however, has frequently privileged only the political circumstances and elided the traumatic human micro-histories, which dominated and continue to impinge on postcolonial subjectivities. This article explores a key facet of Partition history, which has often been relegated to the footnotes of both political and social narratives: transitory rehabilitation camps established primarily for the recovery of female refugees. Through an analysis of non-fictional testimonies and selected Partition fiction, I demonstrate how the transformation of these refugee rehabilitation camps—from transitory non-places into referential spatial locations or places—was facilitated through the quotidian performances of the female Partition Refugee.
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SHEIKH, ABDULLAH ZAFAR. "The Implications of Pay-Rolling Agency Systems for Workers’ Statutory Rights in Pakistan." Journal of Social Policy 42, no. 2 (February 22, 2013): 371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279412001031.
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AbstractThe proliferation of agency employment in Pakistan is a serious social problem and a public policy concern because of the potentially negative implications for agency workers’ basic statutory rights. Agency workers are normally given a vastly different, often negligible, package of benefits compared to their permanent counterparts and are generally excluded from collective bargaining arrangements. Unions regard the use of agency employment as a threat to their jurisdiction and membership. This study explored the motives, nature and implications of agency employment in six case study organisations in Pakistan. A total of eighty-nine interviews, undertaken with employers’ representatives, agency and union officials and agency workers revealed sufficient evidence confirming previous anecdotal evidence that some employment agencies are not truly genuine and the set up was merely a legal fiction. Evidence suggested that agency employment often involves dubious, unfair, law-evading and at times illegal practices, such as the use of pay-rolling agencies. The pay-rolling agency system is potentially an attempt by employers to bypass statutory obligations concerning workers’ benefit entitlements and trade union rights by paying workers through an agency to illustrate the indirectness of employment. It thus appeared from the evidence that the use of temporary agency workers is, in many instances, a labour relations strategy rather than a matter of workforce flexibility, and challenges the widely held belief that temporary work has only been a natural and inevitable response to changes in the economy.
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Sheikh, Khurram Nawaz. "Entextualizing History through Archives: Representation of Muslim Identity in Post 9/11 Documentaries." Panoptikum, no. 29 (June 30, 2023): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/pan.2023.29.04.
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Representation of Muslims in media post the Sept 11 attacks in the US largely focused on themes of terrorism and extremism. Such homogenized representation was particularly problematic in non-fiction media such as news and documentaries which use archival footage to create ‘reality’. The consequent circulation of these images across the globe is one of the many examples through which Muslim representation has been constructed through stock footage and sourced media images in media post the 9/11 attacks. In this paper, I examine stock images in documentary films in the form of archives to examine the representation of Muslim identity in the post 9/11 world. Using Malitsky’s framework of entextualization to analyze archival material in post 9/11 documentaries, I argue how stock images create a power differential between the East and the West (Said, 1979) reinstating imperial domination. Therefore, this paper intends to examine the use of archives that have been entextualized and re-present history to shape representation of Muslims across spatial and temporal differences through documentary films. To do so, I critically examine two post 9/11 documentaries – Secret Pakistan (2011) and Turning Point: 9/11 and the War on Terror (2021) – to study how these films position the role of Pakistan as an Islamic nation in the Global War on Terror.
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Babar Hussain. "Echoes Of Terror And Oppression In "Noha E Be’Naam"." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 3, no. 3 (January 16, 2023): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v3i3.72.
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Terrorism is often Construrd as a well-thought out extreme from of violence to perceived injustices the after effects of terrorism are usually reported without understanding the underlying psychological and social determinations of terrorism act since 9/11 pakistan has been at the epicentre of both terrorism and war against it , especially balochistan and khaybe Pakhtunkhwa began to present the scene of a battlefield , so its indelible fears on the lives and minds of the residents of this region were erased . These incidents of terrorism also schocked the writers and poets their pens started writing the stories of these bloody incidents and bomb blasts in their own words . Muhammad Jameel kachu khol has made his place in Urdu Fiction writers and the agony and fear that prompted him to write the stories is cutting human existance like a gnat. This paper helpsto explains the psychological and social perspective of terrorism in KPK represented by Jameel kachokhel in his short stories.
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Chatterjee, Souhardya. "ANOTHER BORDER, BEYOND THE BORDER: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE WOMAN CHARACTERS IN TOMB OF SAND." EXPRESSIO: BSSS Journal of English Language and Literature 01, no. 01 (June 30, 2023): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51767/jen010105.
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In the age of digital humanities and post-memory studies, literature records the affective information that is subsumed by the grand narratives of history. In the genre of partition literature fiction explores the domain of unfulfilled possibilities thereby presenting the alternative paths that could have been taken. Geetanjali Shree’s International Booker Prize-winning novel Tomb of Sand explores the journey of an eighty-year-old woman revisiting her childhood home in Pakistan along with her daughter. It is a tale of an individual, who has been de-territorialized, reaching a negotiation with the trauma of partition. This article attempts to analyse the debates on motherhood, identity formation, and gender performance by conducting a critical appreciation of the text. It takes up as its subject the three most dominant woman characters in the novel, Ma, the protagonist; Beti, the daughter; and Rosie, the hijra. In comparing and contrasting the inherent womanhood of the three characters, it also tries to explore the position of women inhabiting the boundaries.
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Rashid, Faiqa. "Image Making of Pakistan in Fiction After 9/11: Critical Discourse Analysis of Thinner than Skin by Uzma Aslam Khan." Linguistics and Literature Review 04, no. 02 (October 31, 2018): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/llr.42.02.
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Wallace, Shane. "GREEK CULTURE IN AFGHANISTAN AND INDIA: OLD EVIDENCE AND NEW DISCOVERIES." Greece and Rome 63, no. 2 (September 16, 2016): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383516000073.
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In 1888 Rudyard Kipling published a collection of short-stories entitledThe Phantom Rickshaw and Other Eerie Tales. Perhaps the most famous of these stories, ‘The Man Who Would Be King’, recounted the adventures of two British military veterans, Peachy Carnahan and Daniel Dravot Esq., played by Michael Caine and Sean Connery in John Huston's 1975 film of the same name. Both men have seen India's cities and jungles, jails and palaces, and have decided that she is too small for the likes of they. So, they set out to become kings of Kafiristan, a mountainous, isolated, and unstudied country beyond the Hindu Kush in north-eastern Afghanistan. They confide their plan to their recent acquaintance Rudyard Kipling (Christopher Plummer), then editor of theNorthern Star, who calls them mad. No man, he says, has made it to Kafiristan since Alexander the Great, to which Peachy replies ‘If a Greek can do it, we can do it.’ What they find in north-eastern Afghanistan are the last remnants of Alexander the Great's empire, a local culture and religion part-Greek and part-Kafiri. The story is fiction, but aspects of its historical context are true. Alexander spent most of the years 330–325 campaigning in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India, and he left behind Greek kingdoms and culture that flourished throughout the Hellenistic period and even later. Traces of these Greek kingdoms are continually coming to light and the archaeological, artistic, and epigraphic evidence coming out of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India reveals a prosperous and culturally diverse kingdom.
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Jabeen, Fatma, and Norina Tahreem Babar. "Urdu-26 A study of The Book of Mumtaz Shireen, “Manto: Noori Na Nari” according Islamic values." Al-Aijaz Research Journal of Islamic Studies & Humanities 5, no. 2 (June 20, 2021): 335–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/urdu26.v5.02(21).335-352.
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Islam is a complete code of life. Allah Almighty has given this code of life through the Last Prophet Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ who passed his life according this code and present his life as Symbol for all mankind. He ﷺ told what is allowed and abandon from the misdeeds. Manto is represent as a person who write about misdeeds of life. Saadat Hasan Manto (11 May 1912 – 18 January 1955) was a writer author born in Ludhiana active in British India and later, after the partition, in Pakistan. Writing mainly in the Urdu language, he produced 22 collections of short stories, a novel, five series of radio plays, three collections of essays and two collections of personal sketches. Manto was known to write about the hard truths of society that no one dared to talk about. A review of Mumtaz Shireen book “Manto: Noori Na Nari”. Mumtaz Shireen is a Story Writer as well as an exceptional Critic of Urdu Fiction. She Presents her Critical reviews in a solid and well-reasoned manner in light of international literature. Mumtaz Shireen is Considered as one of the foremost critics of fiction. She has discussed the feature of novel, novelette, novella and short story. In term of criticism, two of her books are worth mentioning the first book “Mayar” is a compilation of 13 of her critical essays. The 2nd “Manto: Noori Na Nari” is a compilation of Mumtaz Shireen’s miscellaneous writings about Manto. The following article is a comparative overview of book “Manto: Noori Na Nari” and Islamic Values and his place according to Islamic Values.
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Gul, Sarah, Musarrat Azher, and Sana Nawaz. "Development of Saraiki WordNet by Mapping of Word Senses: A Corpus-based Approach." Linguistics and Literature Review 7, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/llr.72/04.
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This paper aimed to develop the Saraiki WordNet. Saraiki is one of the regional languages spoken in Pakistan and has a unique history of its own. Saraiki language is remarkably similar to two languages, namely Punjabi and Sindhi. Saraiki has different dialects and each dialect is representative of the region where it is spoken. This paper used the Urdu WordNet (Zafar, Mahmood, Shams & Hussain, 2014) as the basis for the formation of Saraiki WordNet. Urdu WordNet (Zafar et al., 2014) was created by UET Lahore and is based on Princeton WordNet (Miller, 1990). Dictionaries or lughats and literary sources, such as poetry, fiction, as well as non-literary sources, such as newspapers of Saraiki language, were used to extract data. Additionally, Urdu word senses were mapped onto Saraiki word senses. The method used in this study was mapping, while the expansion approach was used in the mapping process. This study may aid in creating bilingual dictionaries (of Saraiki and Urdu?) in the future.
Keywords: expand approach, mapping, Saraiki language, WordNet
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Azhar, Dr Darkhasha, and Dilkesh Kumar. "Amrita Pritam’s ‘Pinjar’: A Poignant Depiction of Wrath of Partition on Weaker Sex." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (2023): 026–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.83.4.
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In 1947, a ghastly incident occurred in the Indian Sub-continent known as Partition of India under which two new countries India and Pakistan came into existence. And for these countries the incident proved to be the most atrocious and catastrophic incident in human history due to the occurrence of incessant robbery, kidnapping, rape and murder. Since then, Partition of India has been the most gruesome and ugly past of Indian history which puts the nation to shame whenever remembered or discussed. The partition and the associated bloody riots compelled many creative minds to create literary pieces capturing the inhuman acts of murder and brutal slaughter on both sides. The trauma of partition and agony experienced by the people of Indian Sub-continent found its voice in the literature of Partition written by various writers of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh in different languages. While some creations depicted the massacres during the refugee migration, others concentrated on the aftermath of the partition in terms of difficulties faced by the refugees on both sides of the border. Even now, after more than 75 years of partition, works of fiction and films are made that relate to the events of partition. A few literatures describing the human cost of independence and partition are ‘Train to Pakistan’ by Khushwant Singh, ‘Toba Tek Singh’ by Saadat Hassan Manto, ‘Tamas’ by Bhisham Sahni, and ‘Midnight’s Children’ by Salman Rushdi. The present paper deals with the sensitive story picked from a Punjabi novel ‘Pinjar’ written by Amrita Pritam. Amrita is a prominent writer from Punjab who has provided an avid expression of the lives and experiences of women during Partition in many of her poems and novels. Pinjar is an appalling and petrifying story of a Hindu Girl who is kidnapped by a Muslim young man who marries her. In the course of events the girl again gets a chance to meet her family and re-unite which she is compelled to refuse as her parents denied accepting her saying that she has been defiled by a non-Hindu. The novel, in its flow of narration, unfolds the harrowing journey of innocent females whose whole life is rendered shattered due to a single episode called ‘partition’.
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Kragh, Ulrich Timme. "Chronotopic Narratives of Seven Gurus and Eleven Texts: A Medieval Buddhist Community of Female Tāntrikas in the Swat Valley of Pakistan." Cracow Indological Studies 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/cis.20.2018.02.02.
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Modern South Asian women’s writing wells up to the stirring surface of contemporary literature in now globally recognizable forms of fiction and memoir, inter alia, the novel, the poem, the biography, the autobiography. Yet, beneath these topmost layers of colonial and post-colonial literary tides flow undercurrents of precolonial women’s writing, often in radically other figurations of lettered expression. Even further down than the familiar temporal strata of the Vaiṣṇavite and Śaivite religious poetry written by the dozen authoresses ranging from Muktābāi to Rūpa Bhavānī between the thirteenth and eighteenth centuries, there exists another place in the deep, like an underwater lake, of a much older women’s writing penned by Tantric women gurus. The majority of this archaic Buddhist literature streamed out of the Swat valley in Pakistan, a locality for no less than seven known female gurus, who lived, taught, or wrote there between the eighth and eleventh centuries. After a short prologue on Swat and its recent history, the essay surveys eleven female-authored medieval Tantric works, which range in genre from ritual treatises, meditation practice-texts, and mystic poems, to literary forms that even seem evocative of contemporary women’s gendered voices: spiritual biography and autobiography empowered by a place.
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Dasgupta, Freya. "Social Justice Through Fiction: Intersectionality of Religion, Caste, and Gender in Mohammed Hanif’s Our Lady of Alice Bhatti." International Journal of Asian Christianity 4, no. 2 (August 27, 2021): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25424246-04020005.
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Abstract This article explores the plight of Pakistan’s Christian minorities as depicted by author and journalist Mohammed Hanif in his novel Our Lady of Alice Bhatti. Literature has the ability to inspire immense empathy for the other by lending voice to the forgotten and marginalized, which is the first step to any dialogue for social justice. Examining the so-called fictional depictions against scholarship on the subject, the article studies the complex intersectionality of religion, caste, class, and gender that manifests in the mistreatment of Christian minorities. Through the framework of fiction, it brings to light the lived experience of Pakistani Christians, and in the process, demonstrates the evocative power of literature towards understanding those who find their human dignity threatened by power and privilege.
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Wahab, Mohammad Osman Abdul, Nisar Ahmad Koka, Mohammad Nurul Islam, Syed Mohammad Khurshid Anwar, Javed Ahmad, Mohsin Raza Khan, and Fozia Zulfiquar. "Pain, Agony, and Trauma in the Characters of ‘Toba Tek Singh’ and ‘This Blinding Absence of Light’." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 2248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1309.10.
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‘Toba Tek Singh’ is an Urdu Short story written by Saadat Hassan Manto and ‘This Blinding Absence of Light’ is a French Novel Written by Taher Ben Jelloun. ‘Toba Tek Singh’ was perhaps written in 1954 and published in 1955 whereas ‘This Blinding Absence of Light’ was written in 2001. There is more than four decades span between both works of literature. ‘Toba Tek Singh’ is pure fiction but ‘This Blinding Absence of Light’ is although a novel but based on a true story or narration of a prisoner who spent eighteen years of his life in one of the worst prisons of the documented history. ‘Toba Tek Singh’ is written in the third person whereas ‘This Blinding Absence of Light’ is narrated in the first person. This research will be referring here to a 2002 translation of ‘This Blinding Absence of Light’ by Linda Coverdale in English. ‘Toba Tek Singh’ is a fictitious character who is a patient in a lunatic asylum. Before suffering from the mental illness ‘Toba Tek Singh’ was a landlord and during the partition of India, his village and his lands go to a Muslim majority country i.e., Pakistan. This research intends to study the effects of the pain, agony, and trauma on the psyche of the characters here.
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Patel, Ganeshkumar Sumanbhai. "Exploring Nation and History: An Analysis of Chaman Nahal’s Selected Novels." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (2023): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.83.78.
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The struggle for Indian independence spanned nearly a century and was an epic endeavor. The winds of change that swept across the Indian subcontinent after the 'Sepoy' Mutiny in 1857 left lasting imprints on the political and social landscape. The Indian nation had to overcome centuries of lethargy, transcend religious, caste, and provincial divisions, and move forward on the path of progress. This transformation occurred with the onset of the Gandhian movement, which disrupted established political and social norms, introducing innovative ideas and methods. Mahatma Gandhi's relentless pursuit of freedom marked significant milestones such as the non-violent non-cooperation movement of 1920-22, the civil disobedience movement of 1930-31, and the Quit India movement of 1942. The non-violent non-cooperation movement triggered an unparalleled awakening, shifting Indian nationalism from a "middle-class movement" to a widespread emotional movement. An exploration of Nahal's fiction reveals his alignment with the humanistic tradition pioneered by Anand in the thirties and carried forward by Bhabani Bhattacharya and Kamala Markandaya in the fifties and sixties. Nahal's themes encompass tradition versus Westernization, spousal relationships, internationalism, East-West interactions, satire on anglicized Indians, the three phases of India's epic struggle for freedom, the partition of India into India and Muslim Pakistan, and the resulting agony for millions on both sides of the border.