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DR., MARIYAM MALIK, FOUZIANASIR, and S. KHURRAM KHAN ALWI DR. "IMPACT OF SUPERVISOR SUPPORT ON FAMILY-WORK CONFLICT: A CASE STUDY OF COMMERCIAL PILOTS OF PAKISTAN." Seybold Report V16, no. 09 (2021): 31–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6553192.
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> <strong>Purpose -</strong> This study has been embarked to discover the impact of supervisor support on family work conflict in commercial pilots of Pakistan. The study was conducted on the commercial pilots of four prominent commercial aviation organizations of Pakistan i.e. public and private organizations. <strong>Design/Methodology/Approach - </strong>The data was collected from 255 commercial pilots quantitatively i.e., questionnaire. <strong>Findings - </strong>The result concluded that there is no relationship amidst supervisor support and family-work conflicts. This study will guide the relevant authorities in the aviation sector of Pakistan to implement management policies which aid in curbing family-work conflict and simultaneously promote an apt balance between work and home. <strong>Originality/value</strong> – Futile research has been done on work-family dynamics in the aviation sector of Pakistan. This study attempted to tap this gap by analyzing the impact of supervisor support on curbing family-work conflict.
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Yaar Muhammad, Yasira Waqar, and Faisal Anis. "Navigating Complexity: Overcoming Challenges in Qualitative Research for Special Education in Pakistan." Voyage Journal of Educational Studies 4, no. 2 (2024): 400–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.58622/vjes.v4i2.169.
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This paper aims to identify some of the challenges of qualitative research in special education in Pakistan and how such challenges could be effectively handled. It discusses the contemporary state of affairs concerning this type of education and the importance of using qualitative research strategies to study education-related processes in the country. This paper presents several issues, which could be methodological, ethical, linguistic, institutional, and specific to the researcher. Approaches for overcoming these challenges are enumerated, such as formulating culturally appropriate research models, addressing ethical issues, involving the host community members, and availing necessary expert assistance to the research workers. The paper also describes possible recommendations for further qualitative research of special education in Pakistan: The relation to novel qualitative approaches and the requirement of policy encouragement. Despite these challenges, by addressing them and implementing the assessed strategies, qualitative research can greatly support improving the special education practices and policies in Pakistan, thus positively impacting the education of students with disabilities. Keywords: , ,, , , ,
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Ullah, Ahsan, and Muhammad Rafiq. "Pakistan research repository: a showcase of theses and dissertations." Library Hi Tech News 31, no. 4 (2014): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhtn-01-2014-0003.
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Purpose – The paper aims to describe the characteristics and purposes of Pakistan Research Repository (PRR). A quantitative analysis of this repository is carried out by analyzing the content of the repository. A critical analysis of the entire growth strategy, population and web interface is also included in this paper. This study also proposes certain measures to make it more effective and efficient for archiving the research output of a nation. The study was designed to investigate issues relating to PRR and outline steps to develop a strategy to overcome these challenges. Design/methodology/approach – This article focuses on quantitative aspects and critical analysis of PRR. A multi-tier research design was used to meet the objectives of the study. A web search was conducted, and information was drawn from documents available on the Web site of Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan, PRR and directories of open-access repositories; data were complemented by quantitative and critical analysis of the content of the repository. Information was also gathered by literature-based review of project documents which were created for the implementation of this project. Findings – The paper has highlighted how far this repository has succeeded in bringing the research output from universities across Pakistan to the researcher community by analyzing the available content by institution, type, subject and year. This study has provided a valuable insight about the current status of PRR by identifying gaps in the content of the repository. The quantitative analysis of the repository shows that the creation of this repository was a landmark achievement, as it provided the opportunity to researchers, faculty and students for preserving, disseminating and furthering their existing knowledge at a national-level platform. Research limitations/implications – This research article is a case study and focuses on PRR only. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to throw light on other repositories in Pakistan and sharing of resources among institutional repositories in Pakistan. Practical implications – This study will be helpful for the administrative authorities of HEC and university faculty to plan for effective collection of content from the institutions and digitization of this content. The paper includes implications for the development of repositories at an institutional level in Pakistan. Social implications – This paper will help in managing PRR, and it will ultimately lead to enhance and better manage research output in Pakistan. Originality/value – This paper has identified the characteristics and purposes for creating a research repository at the national level and provided a critical view of policies and statistical view of the content of the repository.
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Byerlee, Derek, and Tariq Husain. "Agricultural Research Strategies for Favoured and Marginal Areas: the Experience of Farming Systems Research in Pakistan." Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 2 (1993): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700020603.
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SummaryThis paper draws on the results of farming systems research (FSR) conducted over five years at eight sites distributed throughout Pakistan. The main research findings with respect to the irrigated plains, or favoured areas (four sites), and the marginal mountainous and rainfed areas (four sites) are summarized, with emphasis on the role of system interactions in technology development. In favoured areas, most system interactions occur between crops grown in multiple cropping patterns, whereas in marginal areas, crop-livestock interactions dominate. Appropriate research strategies for each kind of environment are discussed. It is concluded that although there is a need for quite different research strategies for favoured and marginal areas, the methods and perspective of FSR are equally appropriate and even critical for achieving future gains in agricultural productivity in each type of environment.Estrategias de investigación agricola en zonas favorecidas y marginales: Experiencias recogidas durante la investigación de sistemas agrícolas en Pakistán
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Shaheen, Ajaz, Sofia Khakwani, and Rabia Tabassum. "Obstacles to Sustainable Development in Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan." Journal of Asian Development Studies 13, no. 4 (2024): 194–201. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2024.13.4.15.
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This research paper explores the obstacles to sustainable development in Pakistan's higher education institutions (HEIs), focusing on challenges in implementing sustainability initiatives within academic and administrative settings. Despite the global emphasis on sustainability, Pakistani HEIs face several barriers that hinder the integration of sustainable development into curricula, research, and campus operations—the research problem centers around understanding these challenges and their impact on promoting sustainability in higher education. The study aims to identify the key obstacles preventing the effective implementation of sustainable development initiatives in Pakistani HEIs. Theoretical frameworks on sustainable development in education and institutional change guide the research. Phenomenology is a type of qualitative research involving semi-structured interviews with lecturers, professors, and educational administrators from various HEIs across Pakistan. Data is analyzed using thematic analysis to uncover recurring themes related to sustainability challenges. Results of the study revealed that insufficient policy support, inadequate funding, a lack of faculty training, and limited student engagement are significant obstacles to sustainability in HEIs. Additionally, participants emphasized the need for better institutional strategies and more robust government policies. The study underscores the urgent need for policy reforms, capacity-building initiatives, and increased financial support to promote sustainable development in Pakistani HEIs. Recommendations include improving policy alignment with global sustainability goals, fostering public-private partnerships, and integrating sustainability into academic curricula and research practices.
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Bilal, Muhammad. "From Legislation to Judgment: Case Study of T-199/04 in EU Trade Law." Journal of Law & Social Studies 6, no. 3 (2024): 309–19. https://doi.org/10.52279/jlss.06.03.309319.
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This paper examines the application of Anti-Dumping duty on imports of cotton type bed linen originating from Pakistan with particular reference to a Pakistani exporter Gul Ahmad (Pvt) Ltd. This research has delved into the legal discourse and jurisprudence evolving about the scope and limitations of Article 3(7) of the basic regulation and Article 3.5 of the GATT Article VI agreement. This research has taken on board the legal opinions of other researchers and judges about the causation and importance of creating a causal link while determining the injury caused to the importers. In this particular case it has been found that the EU Commission erroneously attributed the injury caused to its local industry to the alleged dumped imports while, conversely, it was being caused due the grant of generalised preferential system to Pakistan. Trough which Pakistani exporters benefitted and the influx of Pakistani imports increased in time. The same fact was established by the general court in its judgement which was later turned down by the EU Court of Justice.
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Kashif, Muhammad, Mohsin Abdur Rehman, and Lina Pileliene. "Customer perceived service quality and loyalty in Islamic banks." TQM Journal 28, no. 1 (2016): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-01-2014-0006.
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Purpose – There is a plethora of research which has dealt with service quality issues in various service organizations. But a few researchers have presented state of service quality from a cultural perspective, especially within an Asian cultural context. The purpose of this paper is to measure service quality of Pakistani Islamic banks through validating a culturally sensitive scale: PAKSERV. Furthermore, the path from service quality to customer loyalty has been presented through applying PAKSERV service quality scale. Design/methodology/approach – Following a positivist tradition, the service quality to loyalty path in Islamic banking sector of Pakistan is established. A self-administered survey was conducted to approach 300 Islamic bank customers in major cities of Pakistan. The respondents were purposefully selected based on their extent of using the retail banking services. The data were analysed through employing various quantitative measures such as correlation and structural equation modelling employing AMOS. Findings – The findings reveal that Pakistani Islamic banking customers are satisfied with the service quality offered. All the dimensions of PAKSERV are found to significantly contribute towards customer satisfaction and loyalty. However, major focus of customer is on the dimensions such as responsiveness and sincerity which are understandable in high-risk avoiding and moderately power-oriented Pakistani society. Originality/value – The research has been first of its type to present the validity of PAKSERV scale in a collectivist cultural context of Pakistan. Furthermore, the path from the customer satisfaction to loyalty by employing PAKSERV scale has been presented for the first time.
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Gul, Arbab, Muhammad Ali Ahmad, Hafiz Ahmad, Nuzulul Fatimah, and Abid Fareed. "The Role of Information Technology in Human Resource Management: Empirical Evidence from Public Sector of Pakistan." IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development) 4, no. 1 (2021): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijebd.v4i1.1270.
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Purpose: At present times, information technology is commonly exploited in different areas of HRM, therefore, most of the public sector organizations have taken initiated to utilize the outstanding services of IT in their HR management functions to optimize and improve their HR departmental efficiency. Information technology has radically changed the way organizations are operated, particularly the HR department.
 Design/methodology/approach: The current study has been done to identify the key role played by information technology in all human resource departments of public sector organizations operating in Pakistan, and it was found that information technology has changed the operations and functions of the HR department. 
 Findings: The current study has been done to identify the key role played by information technology in all human resource departments of public sector organizations operating in Pakistan, and it was found that information technology has changed the operations and functions of the HR department. 
 Research limitations/implications: The survey questionnaire was adopted; overall 300 questionnaires were distributed, from which 235 returns with a 78% response rate.
 Practical implications: A simple regression analysis was carried out to check the role of IT in the human resource department of Pakistani public sector organizations, hence found a positive role of IT with r2 = .070.. 
 Paper type: Research paper.
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Khalid, Asma. "Passive Design, Urban-Rural Architectural Morphology for Subtropics." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 3 (2020): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n3p376.
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Built environment is a function of man-made setting, surroundings, conditions which is the center of human activity in architectural places. The integration of nature into the built environment determines the urban or the rural form of settlements. The present research aims to specify architectural morphology of sub-tropical region through a case analysis of the situation in Pakistan. The field study analyses the existing housing stock in Pakistan, in urban settings and as a result of vernacular traditions in the villages. The paper identifies the regional characteristic behaviour of highland, lowland, coastal and arid region. It gives an overview of the current urban housing situation in Pakistan. It discusses the type of housing unit, the occupant behaviour, lifestyle of the people, It also identifies the pattern of energy used within the residential buildings of Pakistan. The architectural planning in urban and rural regions, their long term passive design techniques to cope with the climate challenges of a particular area have been discussed in detail. The paper recommend some contextual and adapted passive features of vernacular architecture in urban houses. 
 Keywords: Architectural-morphology, Urban, Housing, Vernacular, Passive Design, Built Environment
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Dharejo, Nazia, Hakim Ali Mahesar, and Ashique Ali Jhatial. "CONTRIBUTION OF STREET HAWKERS TOWARD ECONOMY AND PROBLEMS FACED BY THEM DURING STREET VENDING." Gomal University Journal of Research 38, no. 03 (2022): 360–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51380/gujr-38-03-09.
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The informal economy in Pakistan is a part that has been mostly overlooked by researchers, although it is important part of everyday life in provinces like Sindh, Pakistan. This paper seeks to examine how the street entrepreneurs contribute to the economy of country and what type of challenges they face during street vending. By reviewing the extant literature, it appears that there is an acute shortage of empirical evidence on street hawkers in Pakistan, especially in Sindh province. This paper begins to fill this gap by analyzing hawkers' contributions, and the problems they are facing. The qualitative method was followed in this research, study seeks to determine the contribution of street hawkers as well as the issues that street vendors face during vending or conduct their business. There are many hawkers in the heart province of Sindh, hence the researchers used a convenient sampling method to select 30 respondents for the interview, the thematic analysis method was used to analyze data. The study's findings may have a positive impact on street vendors, and the challenges associated with street vending may be reduced.
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Rafi, Muhammad Masood, Abdul Basit Dahar, and Tariq Aziz. "High temperature mechanical properties of steel bars available in Pakistan." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 9, no. 3 (2018): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-06-2017-0035.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the results of experimental testing of steel rebars at elevated temperatures. Three types of bars available in the local market in Pakistan were used. These data are not available in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach Three types of bars were used, which included cold-twisted ribbed (CTR), hot-rolled deformed (HRD) and thermo-mechanically treated (TMT) bars. The diameter of the bar of each type was 16 mm. The bars were heated in an electrical furnace at temperatures which were varied from 100°C to 900°C in increment of 100°C. Bars of each type were also tested at ambient temperature as control specimens. The change of strength, strain and modulus of elasticity of the bars at high temperatures were determined. Findings The mechanical properties of the bars were nearly unaffected by the temperatures up to 200°C. CTR bars did not show yield plateau and strain hardening both at ambient and high temperatures. The high temperature yield strength and elastic modulus for all the three types of bars were similar at all temperatures. The yield plateau of both the HRD and TMT bars disappeared at temperatures greater than 300°C. The ultimate strength at high temperature of the HRD and TMT bars was also similar. The behaviours of the HRD and TMT bars changed to brittle beyond 400°C as compared to their behaviours at ambient temperature. The CTR bars exhibited ductile characteristics at failure at all the exposure temperatures relative to their behaviour at ambient temperature. Research limitations/implications The parameters of the paper included the rebar type and heating temperature and the effects of temperature on strength and stiffness properties of the steel bars. Practical implications Building fire incidents have increased in Pakistan. As reinforced concrete (RC) buildings exist in the country in significant numbers, the data related to elevated temperature properties of steel is required. These data are not available in Pakistan presently. The presented paper aims at providing this information for the design engineers to enable them to assess and increase fire resistance of RC structural members. Originality/value The presented paper is unique in its nature in that there is no published contribution to date, to the best of authors’ knowledge, which has been carried out to assess the temperature-dependent mechanical properties of steel reinforcing bars available in Pakistan.
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Hayat, Khansa, Maryam Hafeez, Kanwal Bilal, and Malik Shahzad Shabbir. "Interactive Effects of Organizational Structure and Team Work Quality on Project Success in Project Based Non Profit Organizations." iRASD Journal of Management 4, no. 1 (2022): 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/jom.2022.0401.0064.
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The main aim of the research paper is to explore the interactive usefulness of organizational hierarchy or structure as well as teamwork quality regarding organizational structure from (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) a province of Pakistan. The data is collected through questionnaires from the employees working in the project-based organizations in non-profit sectors of Pakistan. The data is analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). This research shows that there is a highly considerable positive association between the type of structure an organization chose to work in and project success. The teamwork quality has a 28.5% impact on the project success on the dependent variable. The moderator and dependent variable are highly relatable with a considerable amount of values, as per results statistics.
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Mushtaq, Sadia, Hafsah Ayaz Qureshi, Almees Jabbar, and Naila Mushtaq. "Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in the Muslim Community of Pakistan and the Fundamental Religious Perspective of Islām (Sharī‘ah)." Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (2024): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjss.317943363.
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This paper explores the prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence, especially emotional abuse, in Pakistan and discusses the fundamental religious perspective of Islām (Sharī‘ah). The dominance, control, isolation, and harassment in intimate relations for degrading purposes are all examples of emotional abuse. The impact of emotional abuse on the relationship between spouses is long-lasting and ranges from physical health to mental health and other social relations of the victim. This study explores various forms of emotional abuse prevailing in Pakistani society. Furthermore, it also discusses possible solutions for offenders of emotional abuse in the light of the Islamic perspective. A mixed-method research methodology is used in the current study. Firstly, the prevalence of emotional abuse is studied by conducting an online survey, and then content analysis of the Islāmic perspective on emotional abuse is discussed. This phenomenon is prevailing in Pakistani society, although Islām protects the rights of partners and discourages any type of violence in interpersonal relationships, including intimate partners.
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Arif, Kashif, Che Ruhana Isa, and Mohd Zulkhairi Mustapha. "Do Powerful CEOs Benefit Firm Performance in Pakistan?" Asian Journal of Business and Accounting 16, no. 6 (2023): 75–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol16no2.3.
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Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study examines the impact of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) power dimensions on firm performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: A panel data of 110 Pakistani firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange for the period of 12 years (2008- 2019) was analysed using the GMM approach. Research findings: The GMM regression results revealed significant relationships. The analysis suggests that CEOs with considerable structural, ownership, prestige, and expert power tend to exhibit superior performance, as these factors are positively correlated with firm performance. Conversely, CEO family power appears to have no discernible impact on firm performance. Importantly, the robustness of our findings underscores the consistent nature of these relationships. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature by demonstrating the positive influence of CEO power on firm performance, which aligns with the theoretical framework of the Approach/Inhibition theory of power. The originality of this research stems from its examination of individual dimensions of CEO power and their impact on firm performance, as well as the inclusion of the additional dimension of family power. Practitioner/Policy implication: The insight from this study suggests that powerful CEO leadership is beneficial for firm performance and the concentration of power at the CEO position should be seen positively rather than the negative perspective provided by agency theory.
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Hassan, Muhammad Taimoor, M. Atif Sattar, M. Adnan Tousif, Nukhba Nasir, Mehwish Sadiq, and Malka Yasmeen. "Role of Islamic Banking in Agriculture Development in Bahawalpur, Pakistan." International Journal of Learning and Development 2, no. 3 (2012): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v2i3.1817.
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Purpose - The basic purpose of this research paper conducted is to report the findings of this experimental study conducted in Bahawalpur region, about the role of Islamic banking in agriculture sector from the users and non-users (users of conventional banking) of Islamic banking. Design/methodology/approach - This descriptive and qualitative research is conducted and focuses on two main groups of banking customer’s users and non users of Islamic banking and also informal interview with managers of some banks. A survey questionnaire was developed that subsequently get response from 120 respondents. Hypothesis analysis is the main tool of analysis in which mean, standard deviation; variance and chi-square tests are applied using SPSS 16.0. Findings - After the through study of body of knowledge we find that there is significant relationship between Islamic banking and agriculture sector. Islamic banking is providing easy terms of financing like Ijarah, Diminishing musharaka, Murabaha, salam and bai salam and similarly providing different types of working capital like Murabaha, Musawamah, Salam, Muzara’a. These terms of financing increase the asset ownership, yield and income of farmers. Islamic banking is not providing any financing for irrigation system and farmers are facing problem of credit standing and problem of collateral. Practical Limitations/Implication – Most of the concerned articles are taken from the Pakistan, Malaysia, etc. there was limited time for conducting research and receiving response from respondents. The sample size is of small size subsequently of 120 respondents and applicable to Bahawalpur region. As this result is implemented to Bahawalpur region only so therefore pilot study to whole Pakistan is suggested. Originality/Value -The aim of this paper is to provide and make attention toward of role of Islamic banking the Bahawalpur region of southern Punjab, Pakistan as the previous studies were country wide. This paper will help to conduct same type of researches in other regions of Pakistan. Keywords - Role of Islamic banking, Agriculture sectors.
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Sugandi, Rafid, Lukmanul Hakim, and Erasiah Erasiah. "A Region of Endless Dispute: An Analysis of Conflict Theory by Lewis A. Coser in the Context of Islam in Kashmir." JUSPI (Jurnal Sejarah Peradaban Islam) 7, no. 2 (2024): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/juspi.v7i2.17728.
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<em>The purpose of this paper is to explore the causes of conflict and the state of Islamic civilization in Kashmir. The conflict between Pakistan and India in Kashmir is often fought over the Kashmir region, so Kashmir has become an area that is still disputed to this day. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research, namely the analysis and presentation of data in the form of sentences and a deep understanding of what it is. The method used is the historical method with the stages of source collection, source criticism, interpretation and writing. The approach used in this research is the conflict theory of Lewis A. Coser. The result of this research is the conflict between India and Pakistan over Kashmir because of Kashmir's natural resources which are very profitable for the country's economic income, both for India and Pakistan. The prolonged conflict has an impact on the political field, namely Kashmir losing the right to special autonomy and legal guarantees, religion, namely increasing discrimination, economy, namely the decline in the number of tourists, and education, namely the irregular education system</em>.
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Ibne-Ali Jaffari, Seyed, Farooq Ahmad, Muhammad Mehtab, and Asif Iqbal. "IMPACT OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT ON BRAND EQUITY." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 3 (2014): 1953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v10i3.1659.
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This research intends to explore the empirical relationship between endorsers credibility and consumer based brand equity in the presence of mediating role of brand credibility and moderating role of type of celebrities i.e. National or International was also examined. This paper uses two theories to explain the relationship; associative learning was used to explain the relationship between endorser and brand equity, and brand signaling to explain the relationship about the mediating role of brand credibility. The data was collected from Islamabad, the Federal capital of Pakistan and analyzed using SPSS. Results suggest that endorsers credibility has positive impact on brand equity and brand credibility mediates this relationship. The moderating role of type of celebrity was also discussed in this paper. The past literature suggests that celebrity endorser is one who is perceived as attractive, expert and trustworthiness. This research study examined the relationship of construct in the context of non-durable goods and measured the effectiveness of celebrity i.e. National or International proved to build brand equity.
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Nargis Abbas, Beenish Ijaz Butt, and Uzma Ashiq. "Corporal Punishment Act in Public Schools: A Phenomenological Analysis of Perceptions of Practitioners." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 6, no. 4 (2020): 1415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v6i4.1466.
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Corporal punishment (CP) is a conspicuous and serious matter of Pakistani schools. In response to this prevalent social problem the government of Pakistan like other countries has legislated against corporal punishments through Corporal Punishment Act, 2010 which restricts CP of every type in all educational institutes of the country. The said policy was promulgated to secure the child rights in the country but the flip side of the policy presents a different picture. This paper aims at investigating challenges faced by of the elementary public-school teachers as policy practitioners about the ban on corporal punishment by the government. This paper is based on qualitative social research methodology and used phenomenological research approach. Phenomenological interviews were used to collect the data until data reached at saturation. The data was analyzed by following the overall process guided by Creswell. Major derived themes from data were Perceptions of teachers regarding ban on Corporal Punishment, Post Corporal Punishment Legislation Challenges and Opinion of teachers regarding Government policy on CP followed by several sub-themes. It was concluded that the state vision to promote child welfare is hardly seen through its policies as at the end the welfare of the target group must be assured not doubted.
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Mandalas, Ioannis, Nectaria Gizani, and Efthimios Zervas. "New trends on Environmental Kuznets Curve research – A bibliometric analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 436 (2023): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343605005.
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Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), connecting environmental degradation with income, is established in 1991 from Grossman and Krueger. It comes from the inverted-U shape of the initial Kuznets curve, which described the relationship between economic growth and income inequality. Since then, more than 3,000 scientific documents, examining the relationship between the same independent variable and environmental degradation, have been published. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of the topic. In recent years, EKC attracts the scientific interest as the number of documents have been continuously increasing. The majority of authors’ origin come from China and its affiliation institutes, followed by USA, Turkey, Pakistan, and United Kingdom. The most popular document type is scientific article and the fields in which EKC is most implemented are environmental science, economics, energy, social sciences, and engineering. The most popular keyword of documents are Kuznets Curve, Environmental Kuznets Curve, Economic Growth, Carbon Dioxide and Economic Development.
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Warriach, Nosheen Fatima, and Sajjad Ahmad. "Pakistan Journal of Library and Information Science: A bibliometric analysis." Pakistan Journal of Information Management and Libraries 12 (December 1, 2011): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47657/201112821.
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Pakistan Journal of Library and Information Science (PJLIS) is an HEC recognized journal published by the Department of Library and Information Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore. A total of 111 publications from 11 issues of PJLIS were published during 1995 to 2010. It has outstanding contribution in the dissemination of LIS research on national and international level as it publishes both in print and electronic format. A bibliometric analysis of contributions published in the PJLIS from 1995 to 2010 has been presented in this paper. Attempt has been made to study all 11 issues of this journal on the basis of different parameters, viz., author productivity, extent of authors' collaboration, authors' institutional affiliation, authors' geographic affiliation, type of publication, language of papers, number of citations used per article, length of papers, and year-wise distribution of papers.
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Ansari, Javed A., and Rafique A. Khan. "Technological Capability Building in South Korea: Some Lessons for Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 4II (1998): 825–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.825-845.
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Recent economic upheavals raise important questions about the nature of the transformation that has taken place in the East Asian economics. Are these economics really catching up with the West? Is there growth process sustainable? Or will they suffer the type of systemic disintegration experienced by the East European countries during the 1990s—Paul Krugman (1994) and Young (1994) had demonstrated similarities in the East Asian and East European growth paths some time ago. Technological upgrading is an important element in the development of a sustainable growth strategy. This paper seeks to describe policies and initiatives taken by the South Korean government to stimulate technological learning during 1960-1990—the decades during which the South Korean economy achieved a “miraculous” transformation. The description relics mainly on Korean sources and is based on our own field research in that country. Section one describes the technological learning processes and Section Two presents a discussion of the policies that facilitated this learning. Section Three briefly addresses the question: Did this type of technological learning make a contribution towards enhancing the sustainability of Korean development processes? The concluding section briefly reflects on the lessons that seem relevant for Pakistan.
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Afzaal, Kalsoom, Farwa Zahoor, and Muhammad Salman Sajid. "Gender Role and Subalternity in Mouni Mohsin's The End of Innocence: A Feminist Literary Analysis." Global Sociological Review VIII, no. II (2023): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-ii).05.
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The study is based on the feminist movement, which has vividly challenged the basic social structures of society, through which for many years' women are being used as a tool of depression. The study explores the stereotypical notions of femininity and masculinity that are present in such societies and it also sheds light on how women are socialized in patriarchal societies. The study also examines how women are portrayed in Pakistani literature and media and emphasize what type of prejudice and mistreatment they experience. Furthermore, the research looks at the works of postcolonial theorist Gayatri Chakravarty Spivak, whose critical perspectives are centred on oppressive systems. Spivak criticizes the limitations and divisions faced by subalterns through her deconstruction of Western academic knowledge. Finally, the paper delves into Mouni Mohsin's novel The End of Innocence, which tells the love story of Rani and Laila in West Pakistan while highlighting the oppression and mistreatment of women in the country.
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Asiah Mohamad, Nor, Muhammad Laeba, and Hisham Zaki El Tibli. "The Prospect of Waqf Al ‘Awaridh in the Contemporary Waqf Eco-System: A case of Malaysia." JEBA (Journal of Economics and Business Aseanomics) 7, no. 2 (2023): 047–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33476/jeba.v7i2.3414.
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This paper explains the concept of Waqf Al-Awaridh (Contingency Waqf) and its ruling in Shariah provision and the extent of the need for this type of Waqf. The paper will also address the importance of this type of Waqf from the perspective of the Shariah purposes (Maqasid Al-Shariah), including save the human souls and money from natural disasters (such as volcanoes and floods), pandemics and catastrophes such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper offers various proactive solutions in attending to frequent occurrence of natural disasters and catastrophes in many Muslim countries . Recently, there are many unexpected occurrences due to climate changes taking place in Malaysia and Pakistan, to mention a few examples. Waqf Al-Awaridh is presented as a social solution to mitigate the effects of disasters through the participation of some segments of society. The participation may be in the form of Waqf even for a small amount, regardless of the size or value of the property. This type of Waqf has not been well studied, and there is a need to raise awareness and spread the culture of Waqf al Awaridh among the Muslims especially in the countries which suffer from such natural disaster. This paper employed qualitative research methodology which involves content analysis; observations; discussions; internet explorations. The findings shall contribute to a new type of Waqf product and there should be a practical way to implement Waqf al Awaridh
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Malik, Muhammad Shaukat, and Maria Kanwal. "Impacts of organizational knowledge sharing practices on employees’ job satisfaction." Journal of Workplace Learning 30, no. 1 (2018): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwl-05-2016-0044.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically impacts of organizational knowledge-sharing practices (KSP) on employees’ job satisfaction (JS), interpersonal adaptability (IA) and learning commitment (LC). Indirect effects of KSP on JS are also confirmed through mediating factors (LC and IA). Design/methodology/approach Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Knowledge workers from service sector organizations were taken as population of study. Therefore, three types of institutes (banks, insurance and telecom companies) from services sector of Pakistan were selected for sampling purpose. A sample size of 435 employees, comprising 145 employees from each type of institute, was selected. Linear regression analysis and mediation analyses were performed for statistical analysis. Findings Organizational support for knowledge sharing fosters learning commitment (LC), and interpersonal adaptability (IA) among workforce that ultimately grounds employees’ job satisfaction. Therefore, in our findings, the mediating role of IA is greater than the mediating effect of LC. Research limitations/implications This study presents a firm reasoning to decision makers for implementation of KSP in the organizations. Findings of study offer several subjects for discussion in the field of KS by academics and research. Present research is limited to test the composite effect of KSP for some selected employee outcomes only. Originality/value This research attempts to provide empirical evidence about impacts of KSP on employee outcomes. Research work on such issues was lacking in Pakistani context. Therefore, this paper supplies ample of theoretical base for future research as well as management decision makers to maximize the benefits of implementing KSP at their organizations.
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Mehmood, Asim, Sajjad hussain, and Azhar Naeem. "Impact of Celebrity Endorsements on Brands." International Journal of Circular Economy and Waste Management 2, no. 2 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcewm.306212.
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Celebrity endorsement is a very popular marketing type that has dominated the industry. This research paper analyses the impact of celebrity endorsement on brands. This form of marketing became common since television was born. It involves the feature of celebrities in the commercials to help people develop a connection with the brand. Three important attributes discussed in this paper are; brand perception, brand loyalty, and the buying behaviour of the consumer. This study also sheds light on a growing trend of endorsements by celebrities in Pakistan with the youth being the main focus of marketers as these days; they are the ones who seem most impacted by this marketing approach. There are several objectives associated with celebrity brand endorsements. These objectives include the determination of the relationships that exist between the two main variables namely; celebrity endorsement and customer values.
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Maheen Mazhar, Dr. Noreen Saba, and Dr. Mahwish Mumtaz Niazi. "<b>A Comparative Study of Cognitive Demands Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy in English Exam Questions at Matriculation Level in Pakistan</b>." Annual Methodological Archive Research Review 3, no. 6 (2025): 27–44. https://doi.org/10.63075/84wk5c29.
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Assessment and evaluation in the educational field play an important role in developing learning strategies and students' academic improvement. The current study aims at comparing subjective type, English Matriculation Examination Questions (i.e., prepared by Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education Multan) during the years 2014-2015 and thus years 2024-2025 which makes a total of 64 questions in all, 16 for each year with a gap of ten years. Total eight subjective question papers have been included. Each year got two question papers including both paper A and paper B respectively. This research has been conducted by applying Six Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy levels (1956). Major domains of the model include low levels, such as remembering, understanding, applying, and high levels, such as analyzing, evaluating, and creating, which focus on acquiring critical skills. Furthermore, the research identifies amendments and thus define the proportion of low-order and high-order questions. The methodology comprises a mixed-method approach and seeks to find the alignment with the six different levels. Findings reveal that the paper setters should construct a balanced question paper, adding more high-order questions, which discourages memorization and rote learning among the students. Keywords: Bloom’s Taxonomy, English Exam Questions, Cognitive Skills, High and Low Order Questions.
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Salim, Muhammad. "The Role of CPEC in the Economic Development of Gwadar: A Case Study." Journal of Asian Development Studies 14, no. 1 (2025): 1130–42. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2025.14.1.91.
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Many projects like development of blue deep-sea port, development of economic zones, Eastbay expressway, Pak-China friendship hospital, 300MW Coal-Fired Power Project, 5MGD Water Desalination Plant and new Gwadar international airport works have been started in Gwadar. These projects are being constructed for the development of Gwadar under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. The China Pakistan Economic Corridor a game changer for economic growth. This paper finds out whether these mega projects really a fate changer for the locals of Gwadar or not. Therefore, this research article aimed at exploring the central role of CPEC in economic development of the port city. This conducted research study is a mixed type of research, containing both qualitative and quantitative methods to make the research article more reliable. This research is based on both primary and secondary sources. The secondary data was collected through books, scholarly articles, websites, and the primary data was collected through questionnaires from the natives of Gwadar. District Gwadar was selected as the sample size of the research study 120 participants participated in the study survey. Seven questions were distributed to 120 respondents of the locals of Gwadar in order to know their opinions about the importance of CPEC development for the indigenous of Gwadar.
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Zehra, Nigar. "Impact of food price volatility on child health and education attainment." International Journal of Social Economics 47, no. 2 (2020): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2019-0275.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find the impact of food price volatility on child health and education attainment in urban areas of Pakistan. This research also compares the two variables among the two time periods: the period of low volatile food prices (2014‒2015) and the period of high volatile food prices (2013‒2014). The rate of child immunization and the rate of child school attendance are used as proxies for child health and child education, respectively. Design/methodology/approach This study employs propensity score matching (PSM) technique introduced by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), to overcome the selection bias problem in the observational studies. Findings The closing part of the paper concludes that both the rate of child immunization and the rate of child school attendance are significantly poorer for the households of Pakistan in the control period (of high food price volatility) as compared to the treated period (of low food price volatility). After controlling the problem of selection bias through PSM technique, it is found that there is a further increase in the rate of child immunization and the rate of child school attendance. It proves that the data were biased before applying the matching technique. Originality/value This study lengthens the literature by identifying the impact of food price volatility on child health and education of urban households of Pakistan, using high frequency data of PSLM/HIES, with the help of semi-parametric technique of matching. This type of micro-level research has not been conducted (nationally or internationally) so far; therefore, it would possibly open a sphere for policy makers to implement the suitable policies. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-04-2019-0275.
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Areej, Sawera, and Javed Iqbal. "Navigating the Landscape of Insanity an Analysis of Criminal Responsibility of Lunatics." Indus Journal of Law and Social Sciences I, no. I (2022): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.70540/ijlss.2022(i-i).02.
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The issue of criminal responsibility of lunatics is a vexing and intricate subject that has captivated legal scholars, psychologists, medical professionals, and society at large for centuries. It is central to the criminal justice system, as it determines whether an individual can be held accountable for their actions and subject to punishment. Pakistan has common law system inherited by United Kingdom. In this type of administration of justice, the burden of proving guilt of the accused lies upon the prosecution and the accused is presumed to be innocent until proven guilty. However, in certain conditions, the accused has to prove his innocence when the accused takes plea of defense. The law of insanity in Pakistan provides that when a person committed an offence under defective understanding or mental illness, he cannot be prosecuted. In addition, a comparative analysis will be conducted to juxtapose and compare the criminal responsibility of lunatics in various countries or jurisdictions. While legal systems differ in their approaches to criminal responsibility of lunatics, there is a growing recognition of the importance of addressing the mental health needs of individuals within the criminal justice system. The Research paper highlights the potential of exploitation of lunacy laws, the need for legal reform and policy changes to ensure that individuals with mental illness or insanity are treated fairly and appropriately. The Research paper concludes that the criminal responsibility of lunatics is a complex issue that requires a nuanced approach.
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Mehra, Aryaman. "India and Pakistan: The Role of Regimes, Consensus and Stability." International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 09, no. 08 (2024): 3081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2024.v09i08.033.
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How do the governments of a dictatorial regime (Pakistan) and a democratic regime(India) differ? Statistics suggest India has economically overtaken Pakistan on most indicators. However, this was not a foregone conclusion, as India's income per capita in 1990 (using 2011 constant prices), the per capita income (using 2011 constant prices) in India was 1,773 PPP US dollars, just 58% of Pakistan’s. Yet after two decades, India caught up and now surpasses Pakistan by 20%. This first observation brings the question of the divergent political and economic paths these two countries took to explain such differences in development. After the enactment of their independence from the British Empire, both countries had to build a political framework. On the one hand, Pakistan’s constitution was embedded in conflict, elections were regularly postponed and military coups undermined institutions. On the other hand, India drafted the world’s longest constitution, successfully held free and fair elections and took the democratic route. These provide insights into the topic of instability due to the regime type of the two countries. Pakistan being an autocracy, was an extremely unstable country with a weak government whereas India being a democracy, had flourished into the fastest developing nation in the world with a stable and fair government elected by the people. This study aims to analyse the impact of varying political structures, institutional frameworks, and power distribution mechanisms in both countries on the establishment and sustenance of political consensus crucial for upholding democratic principles. First, it provides a base on which the research paper rests and discusses the turbulent history of Pakistan alongside the developing, advancing history of India. The governments and political systems of both are explained and the conflicts between the two countries are unveiled. After having established this, we look at why and how the regime type of Pakistan can be regarded as unstable and, in comparison why and how these same variables allow us to regard India as a stable country.
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Yang, Zhiquan, Lai Wei, Yuqing Liu, Na He, Jie Zhang, and Hanhua Xu. "Discussion on the Relationship between Debris Flow Provenance Particle Characteristics, Gully Slope, and Debris Flow Types along the Karakoram Highway." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (2023): 5998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075998.
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Debris flow, the most extensive and most severe geological hazard along the Karakoram Highway, frequently blocks the Karakoram Highway. Based on the methods of field measurement, indoor statistical analysis and theoretical research, this paper discusses the relationship between the four types of debris flow along the Karakoram Highway. The four types are the rain type, the rain glacier type, the glacier ice lake break type and the freeze–thaw type, and their particle characteristics and gully slope are also considered in the discussion. The results are as follows: (1) The provenance particle size of debris flow is controlled by the type of debris flow. Generally, the provenance average particle equivalent diameter of the debris flow induced by the glacier ice lake type is relatively small, followed by the freeze–thaw type and glacier ice lake break type, and the equivalent diameter of the debris flow induced by the rain type is relatively large; (2) The gully slope coefficient of the debris flow C along the Karakoram Highway is greater than 1, and it increases with the increase in gully slope α, that is, the larger C is, the steeper the gully slope will be; (3) The gully slope coefficient C and the average particle equivalent diameter D of the four types of debris flow are distributed in the ellipse with them as the axis. This ellipse quantitatively describes the relationship between the gully slope of the four types of debris flow and the corresponding provenance particle characteristics. This paper analyzes the formation and causes of debris flow along the Karakoram Highway. It accurately understands the scientific connotation of debris flow formation in the surface matrix layer and improves the diversity, stability, and sustainability of the ecosystem. The paper also proposes ideas and suggestions for promoting the ecological protection and restoration of the Karakoram Highway. Therefore, the research has a certain theoretical significance and practical application value for the appropriate selection and rational design of the debris flow prevention projects along the China–Pakistan Highway.
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Irshad, Momina, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry, and Shagufta Hamid Ali. "ETHNOGRAPHY: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF SOCIAL SCIENCE PUBLICATIONS IN PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 03, no. 04 (2021): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v3i4.416.
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This research study has a mission to highlight the nature of the ethnographic research method, how it came into existence, its purpose of it, what type of tools it uses, what are its limitations, and what significance it induces in Pakistan’s research. Ethnography is also defined as the manifestation of writing a textual context after the conduction of a long, complex process. Ethnographic viewpoints are established depending upon the way of work is conducted. It leads the ethnographer to enter the world every day. It encourages extracting the information about a community under study in cultural contexts. Ethnographic study goals can be accomplished within the standard time of a year which is a minimum requirement. As per the research criteria, it can also take more than a year. However, it is also true that sometimes due to more specific and focused research it takes very little time as compared to the standard time to cover the whole culture of the community of interest. This research paper is based on the SLR methodology. A total of 100 of the articles were identified and retrieved from one of the databases HEC National Digital Library. After identification, 05 research articles were evaluated for data synthesis. For SLR implication, the researcher has collected literature information purposefully that induces to conduct methodological analysis without or with very less biasness. The main thrust of SLR was the formulation of a general view regarding the specific research question of the current study and giving it a literature summary. Application of SLR methodology is found significant to employ in development-planning research in Pakistan based on Ethnography. KEYWORDS Ethnographic research method, Culture Study, Emic and Etic perspectives, Ethnography classification.
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Bukhari, Syeda Sumblah, Sadia Majeed, and Anam Majeed. "Role of Digital Media (E-Papers and Websites) Regarding Food Risk Communication: Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and America." Online Media and Society 3 (October 21, 2022): 121–33. https://doi.org/10.71016/oms/g5k55f86.
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This study intends to pour a light upon United Nation’s global agenda of sustainable development goal “Food waste” under the umbrella of risk communication. The main impetus of conducting this research was to evaluate American and Pakistan’s digital media (e-papers & organizational websites) content over food loss. Underlying study will contain quantitative method “survey method” & “content analysis” to explore digital media (organizational websites & e-papers) content regarding food waste using “Social responsibility theory” & “Neo Institutionalism Theory”. According to gathered data researchers concluded that Pakistan’s digital media (e-paper & social media) are not really creating awareness about it but American media does slightly better, but social media and organizational websites are main protagonists in this regard. Therefore, this is proved there is a need of some modifications in “new institutionalism theory” as organizational sites should have to be introduced properly to folk for cognitive type influence especially Pakistani websites are lagging behind in this race as compare to American websites. Whereas media is not acting properly as per social responsibility theory. Planet earth is perilously affected by food waste issue in divergent modus operandi. Underlying study provide framework to media practitioners for assessment and management of food risk around the world and would give academic contribution by exploring risk communication and it is directly applied to food safety declared by United Nations’.
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Faisal Aziz and Dr. Fawad Baig. "The Influence of Political Advertisements on Voter's Intention in Pakistan." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 1, no. 4 (2020): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol1-iss4-2020(233-241).
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Pakistani media Advertising has gotten more compelling and persuasive in the field of Political correspondence. This research work elaborates the insight about political ads on the democratic expectation of Pakistani electors during the general elections of 2018. The universe for the investigation is the 200 male and female enrolled electors of Sargodha Zone. This paper likewise investigates and analyses the impact of emotional standards, singular mentality, and sentiments toward Political Advertising. There are two medium selected Electronics medium and social media. Selected Electronics Media channels to access political advertising are Geo News, Dunya News, and Express-News although selected Social media Sites are Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. The data was gathered through well designed quantitative using survey technique. According to the results, the impact was being estimated and it seemed that there is a positive correlation between political Adson elector's goals. The apparatus for the quantitative methodology would be a poll for gathering the information. In the investigation, there are two Variables, political Advertising is the independent variable, and citizens' aim is the dependent variable. Political Advertising is a type of battling utilized by the political possibility to reach and impact electors. The democratic expectation alludes to the mentality, conviction, and estimation of the elector's considerations.
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Khalid, Rizwan, Tayyab Ali, and Muhammad Usman Javed. "Corporate Governance: Theory and Practice Impact of Corporate Governance on Firm Performance." Jinnah Business Review 7, no. 1 (2019): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.53369/lguo3354.
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Corporate governance is one of most widely researched topics in the different fields of management sciences. Additionally, governance plays equal role in firm performance in all countries especially developing countries become more important like Pakistan which contain equal importance to be studied with in subject to developed countries as to be well known in governance values, moreover there is increased interest to observe impact of corporate governance on different dimensions of firm performance. The objective of this paper is to underlay the corporate governance theories and practices and we have studied and try to analysis the impact of corporate governance structure on firm performance. This is a descriptive type of study in which we analysis different studies as coded all studies as they may have different implications in developed countries but here they may have different results as in developing countries and Pakistan is different among other Asian countries because of number of reasons as discussed in introduction with respect to its governance structure. We also have find interesting results as from other empirical studies recently a part of Pakistan perspective research and having number of important implications with respect of changes need to be made in Pakistan’s governance structure. Findings shows there is impact of corporate governance on firm performance and market performance of firm also been effected with governance style
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Jogezai, Nazir Ahmed, Shaik Abdul Malik Mohamed Ismail, and Fozia Ahmed Baloch. "Change facilitation: what styles do Pakistani secondary school head teachers possess?" International Journal of Educational Management 35, no. 1 (2020): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-09-2019-0335.
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PurposeThis study aimed at exploring the change facilitator styles (CFS) that secondary school head teachers in Pakistan possess.Design/methodology/approachThis is a quantitative study using Hall and George CFS questionnaire to collect data from 276 secondary school head teachers. The CFSQ used in this study consists of 30 Likert-type questions relating to six scales. The six scales, with five items each in aggregate, form three possible CFS, including initiator, manager and responder.FindingsThe results indicate that most secondary school head teachers (75.7%) in Pakistan used responder CFS to facilitate change in their schools. 16.7% of the head teachers used manger, while only 7.6% possessed initiator change facilitation styles.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has implications for research, in particular in the developing countries where head teachers' leadership practices are rooted in the past with maintaining authority and status quo.Practical implicationsThe study has implications for policymakers and schools in developing countries, like Pakistan, in terms of considering the vital role of head teachers in change implementation. In particular, in the prevailing cluster-based educational management, the study's findings remain valuable for schools in the Balochistan province of Pakistan.Originality/valueThe paper reports the results regarding secondary school head teachers' change facilitator styles in the context of power devolution in Pakistan. The authors believe that the manuscript is appropriate for publication by the international journal of educational management because it is in line with the aims and scope of the journal. The authors assure the originality of this work. It has not been published elsewhere, nor is it currently under consideration for publication in any other journal.
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Shah, Syed Asad Ali, and Muhammad Nasir Butt. "Pakistan’s PECA 2025 and Global Digital Regulations: Balancing Security and Freedom." Social Prism 2, no. 01 (2025): 64–91. https://doi.org/10.69671/socialprism.2.1.2025.28.
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PECA 2025 has been feared to negatively impact the digital freedoms and liberal politics of Pakistan as it has potentially provided preventive measures against cybercrimes. The passed law increases government control over the online environment by adopting more rigid content restrictions, creating the criminalization of code ‘fake news’, and making the bulk of social media platforms register with the government. While the Pakistan government has claimed that PECA 2025 is necessary for protecting from cyber threats, fake news and scammers, some critics believe that PECA 2025 legalises over surveillance, frees enterprise to control dissent and limit press freedom. Thus, the present research aims to perform a comparative legal research of PECA 2025 with the digital regulations of India, the USA, Great Britain, Turkey, and China to define its compliance with the trends. Based on the Digital Authoritarianism Theory, the study examines if PECA 2025 adopts standard democratic digital governance or if they reassert state control in online environments. CDA is applied and its efficacy is seen in how it examines contextual reasons given for legislation, the type of language contained in legal documents and the inherent ideologies informing policies. Research shows that while PECA 2025 shares its features of cybersecurity with the countries away from dictatorship, its enforcement mechanisms, as well as its general provisions on censorship, correspond to the tactics of authoritarian control in cyberspace. Therefore, the paper concludes that while PECA 2025 promotes internet safety, regulations for this purpose are likely to be employed as a form of political oppression. The implication of this paper is that there is a need to come up with an effective policy framework that can allow the governments to embrace cybersecurity policies while protecting basic digital rights to embrace the best governance model that is democratic.
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Shagufta, Sonia, Daniel Boduszek, Katie Dhingra, and Derrol Kola-Palmer. "Criminal social identity and suicide ideation among Pakistani young prisoners." International Journal of Prisoner Health 11, no. 2 (2015): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-06-2014-0018.
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Purpose – Suicidal behaviour is a common in prisoners, yet little is known about the factors that may protect against thoughts of ending one’s life. The purpose of this paper is to specify and test a structural model to examine the relationship between three criminal social identity (CSI) dimensions (in-group affect, in-group ties, and cognitive centrality) and suicide ideation while controlling for period of confinement, age, criminal friends, and offense type (violent vs non-violent). Design/methodology/approach – Participants were 415 male juvenile offenders incarcerated in prisons in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A structural model was specified and tested using Mplus to examine the relationships between the three factors of CSI and suicidal thoughts, while controlling for age, offender type, period of confinement, and substance dependence. Findings – The model provided an adequate fit for the data, explaining 22 per cent of variance in suicidal thoughts. In-group affect (the level of personal bonding with other criminals) was found to exert a strong protective effect against suicide ideation. Originality/value – The research contributes important information on suicide ideation in Pakistan, an Islamic country in which suicide is considered a sin and subsequently a criminal offence. Results indicate that Juvenile offenders’ sense of shared identity may help to prevent the development of thoughts of death by suicide. Consequently, separating and isolating young prisoners may be ill advised.
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Amir, Ahmad Nabil. "MUHAMMAD ASAD'S DESIGN OF AN ISLAMIC STATE IN POST-COLONIAL PAKISTAN." Academic Journal of Islamic Principles and Philosophy 5, no. 1 (2024): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/ajipp.v5i1.8826.
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The paper aims to highlight Muhammad Asad’s epistemological postulate on Islamic politics as reflected in his works on Islamic state. It seeks to address these fundamental problems: what is the legal basis that support and establish Asad’s position of founding an Islamic state? and how could this idea fairly accommodates with the prevailing notion of nation state in post-colonial context. Thus, the study set forth to find the answers based on such range of objectives: to analyse the underlying ideas of Islamic state as advocated in the classical sources, to define the basic constitutional framework as developed by Asad in the context of historical Pakistan, to estimate the implication of implementing Islamic law and its impact on the global politics and its compatibility with international law. In this regards, Asad had formulated the constitutional ideas of Islamic state whose constitution contains the provision of Islamic law that practiced and implemented the norms stated in the Divine Writ. This ideas was partly enshrined in the Pakistan constitutional law whose political establishment was formed in 1947. The paper essentially discussed Muhammad Asad’s political ideas and its underlying philosophy as espoused in his works. The study conducted based on qualitative approaches of the type of library research. The data were analysed by way of descriptive, analytical and comparative technique. The finding shows that Muhammad Asad had formulated comprehensive theoretical framework of legal aspect of Islamic governance drawn up from the fundamental principle and doctrine of the shariah, and its moral norms deriving from the explicit Qur’anic and sunnah text, while also advocating democratic ideals and principles based on conventional practice and requirement of modern context of nation state. Based on this main finding, it is concluded that Islamic teaching and its spiritual norms were compatible with democratic ideal and values of human right, participatory and constitutional government as implemented in the democratic space of Pakistan.
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Hakim, Abdurrahman, and Kutbuddin Aibak. "POLIGAMI DI DUNIA ISLAM." Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Islam 9, no. 1 (2021): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/ahkam.2021.9.1.105-128.
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This paper compares the legal verses of polygamy in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Indonesia. Apart from the controversy considered as detrimental and degrading to women, term of polygamy is not as easy as Westerners think in the license process. This study compares legal verses, licensing procedures, fines, either imprisonment or punishment, to husbands who violate the applicable regulations. Therefore, this research serves as evidence talthough polygamy is permitted, the procedures and requirements regulated by Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Indonesia contain elements of protection and respect for women. The method is qualitative with the library type. This research is classified as a co-comparative approach, which is a study that compares one legal case between several countries. The results are: 1) in Saudi Arabia, polygamy is still based on the classical Islamic fiqh school of Imam Hambali. Therefore, polygamy is not so much a concern in parliament that there is no legal reform there. As a result, polygamy is very free and tends to harm women. 2) in Pakistan, polygamy is also based on Islamic teachings, it's just that there is a legal reform that states that there must be written permission from the Arbitration Council if a husband wants to do polygamy. 3) in Indonesia, polygamy is very complicated, because basically the Marriage Law No. 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage contains the principle of monogamy. In addition, polygamy can be carried out by the husband if he has received permission from the wife and the board of judges in court.
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Biagi, Paolo. "THE AMRI CHALCOLITHIC PHASE IN SINDH (PAKISTAN): WHAT WE KNOW AND WHAT WE SHOULD KNOW." Światowit, no. 61 (December 29, 2023): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/0082-044x.swiatowit.61.2.
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The problem of the origin of the Indus Civilisation has attracted attention of many colleagues working on the archaeology of the Indian Subcontinent and the Indus Valley in particular. What is the role played by the cultural processes preceding the origin and spread of one of the most important Bronze Age civilisations of the ancient world? This paper examines some aspects of the Amri Phase, which flourished in Sindh during the 4th millennium BC. Our knowledge in this area is very poor. It relies almost exclusively on the ceramic assemblages retrieved during excavations carried out in the type site in the 1960s. Research currently underway in Lower Sindh has led to the discovery of more sites relevant for this problem. Many of them are located close to the ancient Arabian Sea coastline or on limestone terraces which used to be islands in the Chalcolithic times. They consist of shell middens, whose surface has yielded characteristic Amri Culture knapped stone assemblages. PEŁNA TREŚĆ ARTYKUŁU C
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Muhammad Rashid, Areesha Rashid, Mansoor Azmat, and Farkhanda Khorshid. "Analyzing the Causes of Low Enrollment in Public Intermediate Institutions in Punjab, Pakistan." Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies 3, no. 1 (2025): 31–45. https://doi.org/10.59075/2tqb2v90.
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The primary objective of this study is to seek the underlying causes of low enrollment and analyze the key factors contributing to the low enrollment rates in public institutions as compared to private colleges in the Punjab, Pakistan. This research work adopts the quantitative research design under the cross-sectional descriptive research model. Data was collected from 28th July, 2024 to 7th November, 2024 by employing a structured questionnaire from educational professionals that included Subject Specialists and Principals of the Faisalabad division. Quantitative data analysis was done, and statistical description was performed using SPSS. The level of significance was determined at p-value (p = 0.05) with a test of confidence level of 95%. The study reveals that teachers’ shortage (91.8%), parents’ lack of education and awareness (85.8%), nonexistence of parents’ involvement (85.2%), and insufficient facilities (84.3%) in government institutions are the main reasons for the decline of enrollment in public type of educational institutions. In addition, lack of individual attention (73.6 %), and poor discipline and safety measures (72.3 %) in the public sector’s institutions reduce enrollment in these institutions. This paper discusses the main issues of concern in relation to low enrollment in government institutions, focusing on infrastructure, teachers and parents. The findings provide useful recommendations for policymakers and educators to increase demand for public education. The study's uniqueness lies in its comparison of government and private schooling, providing insights that can drive reforms for more equitable educational admittance.
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Abbas, Salbia, Rabia Jami, Laiba Iddress, Saira Abbas, and Khuzaifa Bibi. "Media Violence and Quality of Life among Young Children and Youth in Sialkot, Pakistan." Al-Athfal: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak 7, no. 2 (2022): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/al-athfal.2021.72-07.
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Purpose – Media has proved to be a handy tool in education, arts, science, sports, and culture. People spend most of their time watching television, playing video games, and surfing the internet. This study aims to identify how violence in media affects the quality of life among children and youth.Design/methods/approach – A random sample of 181 individuals ranging in age from 7 to 24 was collected online using a Google form questionnaire. An organized self-report Questionnaire had four segments: 1) Consent Form; 2) Demographic Information of Participant; 3) The Content-based Media Exposure Scale(C-ME); 4) Quality of Life Scale (QOL). First part of C-ME shows that exposure to anti-social media content had a negative relationship with quality of life scale [r= -.189, n= 181, P= .011] while second part of C-ME (neutral items) had a positive relationship with quality of life scale [r= .265, n= 181, P= .00].Findings – Findings of this study suggest that lower quality of life is a genuine and developing phenomenon among young children and youth. Training programs for guidance about media content should be customized to be reasonable for each social setting.Research implications/limitations – Sample size could be increased due to compliance with COVID-19 SOP. Online data were collected via Google forms. More research is required to eradicate this issue among children and youth, turning into aggression later in life. This study welcomes all upcoming researchers to work on this for better results.Practical implications – The results of this study show a positive relationship between media violence and quality of life among young children. The quality of life is highly deteriorating because of anti-social media content in various countries. It shows that lower quality of life is a genuine and developing phenomenon among young children and youth. Training programs for guidance about media content should be customized to eradicate current issues in the community.Originality/value – Results of this study highlight the relationship between media content and the quality of life of young children and youth, but this broad topic still requests conclusive discussion and research worldwide.
 Paper type Research paper
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Sabir, Raja Irfan, and Hamid Mehmood. "The Impact of Subliminal Messages through Music on Consumers’ Behavior towards Hyper Stores in Punjab, Pakistan." Asian Business Research 1, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/abr.v1i1.10.
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This paper aims to investigate the impact of subliminal messages through music in Hyper stores in Punjab, Pakistan and their effect on consumer behavior. Researcher used the music to test the participants of this research with three different conditions; to match the suggestions and subliminal message; the use of suggestion as mismatched with subliminal message; No suggestions for subliminal message. The aim of study was to find out the impact of variables (subliminal messages and the effect of age) on consumer behavior. The study explores the methodology with focuses on evidence from previous literature and empirical studies. Researcher will use explanatory approach with quantitative methods (Regression analyses) to collect and analyze the data. Researcher used questionnaire and survey to measure the participants and to know about subliminal messages, and how they believe on subliminal messages. Population of this study was the consumers of Hyper Stores in Punjab, Pakistan. Major limitations of this study were its context, because it only lies between consumers of Hyper Stores. Progress towards this area has been started, and remains it’s a limited factor to describe the findings from this research. In education it’s noted to include the Subliminal Messages, consciously or unconsciously, and may use to hinder the originality of students. To induce this type of messages provides the opportunities of redirecting or moving the design and process towards necessary direction. Public realized about the products which contain this types of messages are likely to impact and public try to manipulate by the claims of advertising. The paper extends the new way of manipulating the consumers and divert their mind to enhance the marketing, and previous reviews by its induction of results from a series of empirical studies that have worked in past.
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Awais, Sania, and Kanwal Ameen. "The current influential factors in adoption of innovations in university libraries of Pakistan." Library Management 42, no. 6-7 (2021): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lm-12-2020-0179.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the salient factors in adoption of innovations in university libraries of Pakistan. The topic is important because academic libraries need to be innovative for meeting the new vision/mission of higher education. A previous study conducted by the same researchers concluded an inappreciable state of a large majority of university libraries in Pakistan (Awais and Ameen, 2018). It is, therefore, necessary to examine and investigate the ground realities and important factors influencing in the local context.Design/methodology/approachQualitative design is used to explore the important influencing factors. Data are collected through conducting a series of semi-structured interviews from 15 academic library leaders belonging to traditional and 15 with a better status of innovations.FindingsMajor factors like behavioral issues of library staff, lack of trainings, lack of budget and leadership skills are causing hindrance in leading to adopt new trends and innovations. Vision of higher authorities, library team with new skillsets, funding by the Higher Education Commission, etc. favor adoption of innovations. All leaders of the academic libraries need to have a positive strong attitude, vision and planning to overcome the barriers in the path of adoption of innovations to survive and thrive.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is conducted in local context of Pakistan. Only viewpoints of librarians at top level are taken. Viewpoints of higher authorities, library staff and users are not taken for this study. Similarly, viewpoints of only 30 library leaders are taken, which is also a limitation of this study.Practical implicationsTraditional-type library leaders can overcome the barriers by going through the findings and conclusion. They can get ideas from the discussion of innovative-type library leaders.Social implicationsUniversity libraries can be improved by the help of policy makers and higher authorities. Eventually, users would get better learning, teaching and social environment.Originality/valueThe study is conducted in a local context of Pakistan. It may provide a guideline for some future planning and development of university libraries. The research will be also useful in creating awareness among professionals of other developing countries.
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Saleem, Hira, Malik Ikram Ullah, and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal. "Empathic Anger and Emotional Contagion: Exploring the Interplay of Affective States and Emotion Regulation Strategies among Service Sector Employees in Pakistan." Sukkur IBA Journal of Management and Business 11, no. 2 (2025): 22–47. https://doi.org/10.30537/sijmb.v11i2.1643.
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Abstract Purpose – The primary aim of this study is to determine the effects that empathic anger can have on driving emotional contagion within workplace environments while also examining the mediating role that is played by the negative and positive affect. It further attempts to investigate how emotion regulation strategies moderate the relationship between affective states and emotional contagion. Design/approach/method – A purposeful judgmental sampling design was used to get responses from 564 working professionals in the service sector in Lahore, Islamabad, and Rawalpindi, Pakistan, who were asked to fill out an online research questionnaire. Findings – The findings of this study demonstrate that empathic anger plays a significant role in driving emotional contagion, with negative affect acting as a key mediator between them. The findings further reveal that while negative affect amplifies emotional contagion, positive affect does not exert a direct influence. Additionally, emotion regulation strategies serve as moderators, mitigating the impact of negative affect on emotional contagion while also diminishing the suppressive impact of positive affect. Value/contributions – This study adds to our knowledge of emotional contagion by looking at how moral emotions, especially empathic anger, affect the way people feel at work. The study gives a complex look at how emotions spread within organizations by examining the role of negative affect as a mediator and the effect of emotion regulation strategies as a moderator. The findings offer practical insights for managers aiming to cultivate emotionally intelligent workplaces, highlighting the importance of hiring employees with strong emotion regulation skills. Additionally, this study adds to the body of research on affective events theory by including moral emotions within the framework. This makes the research on affectivity at work more complete. Keywords. Empathic anger, emotional contagion, negative affect, positive affect, emotional regulation strategies Paper type. Research paper
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Waheed, Abdul, and Jianhua Yang. "The Effect of E-Marketing and Outdoor Media Advertising on Exploratory Consumer Buying Behavior." International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management 8, no. 1 (2017): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcrmm.2017010103.
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Selection of an advertising medium is exceptionally important for an organization. Outdoor media advertising is known as the traditional type of advertising while e-marketing is challenging and growing trend in order to capture the intention of consumer. The core objective of this paper is to examine the effect of “e-marketing” and “outdoor advertising” on exploratory consumer buying behavior within the electronic industry. Data were collected from the questionnaire distribution among 1500 students in Pakistan from March 2015 to January 2016, where 1310 questionnaires were found valid for further analysis, shows 87.3% accuracy in response rate. Analysis methodologies are based on descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling (SEM) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Results revealed a positive relationship of both advertising tools, but e-marketing established a greater effect than outdoor media advertising. However, our study proposes certain managerial implications and future research.
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Bhatti, Muhammad Safdar, and Rafia Mukhtar. "Impact of Vocabulary Learning Strategies on Gender Based ESL Learners in Pakistan." REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language 2, no. 3 (2020): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/reila.v2i3.4603.
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The wide spectrum of English language compels readers to find out the exact crux of the language itself. English has won the status of international language. It has become a dire need of this age. The English language is comparatively difficult due to its pronunciation, sentence structure and vocabulary level from local languages in Pakistan. Vocabulary is the utmost aspect of learning a second language. It is the essence and soul of language. The language process depends on learning vocabulary. So the current paper investigates the impact of vocabulary learning strategies for the ESL learners in Pakistan. It was an experimental type of research. One hundred students of Grade-9 in the academic year 2019-20 participated in this study. The data was collected through test and questionnaire. The study results revealed that the students who were taught by the ESL learning techniques (semantic mapping, imaging and pics, visual and auditory, group association and word contact) performed better as compared with the students in the traditional vocabulary learning method. Female students performed better in the experimental group. ESL male learners used group association learning technique at priority, and ESL female learners used visual and auditory learning at their priority. The researchers recommend that English language teachers should use vocabulary learning strategies for teaching English to ESL learners.
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Abdikairov, Bekmurat, Mukhiddin Juliev, and Madinabonu Kholmurodova. "Analyses and assessment of soil salinity modeling: review of papers from Scopus database." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 33, no. 4 (2024): 647–61. https://doi.org/10.15421/112459.
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Soil is part and parcel of operating essential functions of ecosystems. Its degradation including salinization may affect negatively both agriculture and human life. Soil salinization is a form of environmental destruction resulting in loss of soil quality, especially in dry and semi-arid zones including both primary and secondary salinization. Today, salt-affected areas cover 7% of the Earth’s surface with hotspots in the United States, Argentina, Pakistan, China, Sudan, and many states in Central and Western Asia existing in a minimum of 100 countries. Timely and effective management is required to preserve soil fertility for the next generation. Currently, modeling is an effective approach to identify, evaluate and predict soil salinization distribution. Modeling with remote sensing techniques is widely used to identify salt-affected soil, map saline locations, and estimate salinity levels. Today, a lot of geostatistical techniques are applied to predict soil salinity over time including Ordinary Kriging, Co-kriging and Indicator Kriging. The current study originated as a review with the purpose of exploring the scientific background of soil salinity modeling throughout the world. Our research, which includes 177 Scopus-indexed final published articles in English, focuses at publishing trends, types, top publishers, notable authors, affiliated institutions, geographical and thematic emphasis areas, co-authorship and keyword occurrences. Additionally, this paper provides a review of the most popular models and conditioning factors. Among various models, multiple linear regression was used as the most prevalent model type for soil salinity estimation in 10.1% of the publications, and electrical conductivity is considered as the most value conditioning factor in 19.2% of analyzed papers. Finally, it is concluded that recent technological developments in remote sensing are significant factors in increasing research interest in soil salinity modeling.
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Fatima, Afsheen, Sarah Salah Uddin, Saba Mehmood, and Ashfeen Bibi. "Job Resourcefulness, Customer Orientation and Employees Outcomes: A Study of Hotel Employees in Pakistan." Information Management and Business Review 9, no. 6 (2018): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v9i6.2037.
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Increased competition and a rapidly changing environment present a huge challenge to organizations in implementing effective human capital and development strategies to boost their efficiency and overall performance. An organization’s human resource is definitively its most significant asset. The provisions of important job resources help workforce perform their job in an efficient way. These resources are very important for employee satisfaction and performance of the organization. This study was carried out to examine the impact of job resourcefulness (JR) on two employee outcomes i.e., job engagement and career satisfaction directly as well as indirectly through customer orientation. A convenient sample of 257 employees was taken from hospitality industry within twin cities of Pakistan (Rawalpindi and Islamabad). Questionnaires were used to collect data using a five-point Likert type scale. Job resourcefulness was operationalized using four items from Harris et al. (2006) whereas customer orientation was measured using four items from Licata et al. (2003). Five items were selected from career satisfaction scale developed by Greenhaus et al. (1990). Finally, nine items scale of job engagement developed by (Schaufeli, Bakker et al. 2006) was also used. The results exhibit that all the variables are positively and significantly related. Moreover, the findings are indicative of customer orientation’s role as a mediator between job resourcefulness and employee outcomes. Recommendations for future research and research implications are also discussed at the end of the paper.