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Malik, Abdul Hamid Masood Alauddin. "Impelled Afghan migration to Pakistan, 1978-1984." Peshawar : Area Study Centre, 2000. http://books.google.com/books?id=8vttAAAAMAAJ.
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Bhatty, Saad. "Impact of the Afghan refugees on Pakistan." FIU Digital Commons, 1987. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1674.
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There was a massive influx of Afghan refugees into Pakistan following the Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan in December 1979. An attempt has been made here to analyze the political, ethnic, economic and social ramifications of the Afghan refugees on Pakistan. Among the consequences of the presence of Afghan refugees are:
1. A heavy burden on Pakistan's resources on account of sustaining the 2.8 million Afghan refugees
2. Friction between Afghan refugees and the Pakistani population, due to land, employment, animal grazing-pasture and water-supply disputes, and
3. A direct threat to Pakistan's internal security and political stability, which is made evident by numerous violations of Pakistan's western borders by Soviet-Afghan air and ground forces in pursuit of the refugees and Afghan Mujahidin.
The political talks on the Afghan crisis are deadlocked on the question of a Soviet troop withdrawal. The Soviets and Afghans insist on the stoppage of foreign support to the Afghan counterrevolutionaries. The refugees in Pakistan will not return to their homes unless they are insured a safe and honorable life by the Afghan government.
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Ames, Todd Trowbridge. "Factors affecting the repatriation of the Afghan refugees." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4274.
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Nicolson, Vanessa Johan. "Reconciling notions of asylum and refugees in Islam and international law : a case study of Afghan refugees in Pakistan." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12644.
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Muslims constitute the largest refugee populations worldwide. However, a lack of refugee protection mechanisms in the Muslim world (where most Muslims seek asylum) leaves these groups vulnerable to the interests of individual states. At the same time, Muslims face fierce prejudice in the West, including the depiction of Islam as an anti-Western, anti-democratic, and anti-modern religion. However, an examination of Islamic precepts reveals the falsity of such allegations, especially with regard to refugees and asylum.
Islam provides a normative framework for socio-economic justice, including asylum, and sets out regulations for the assistance and protection of refugees. In spite of this, little scholarly work has explored the role of Islam in issues of asylum and refugees. This article examines the past three decades of Afghan refugees in Pakistan. It attempts to explain the role of Islam in Pakistan’s initial acceptance of Afghan refugees, and why this generosity eventually transformed into hostility. It also reveals the flaws of UNHCR operations in the Afghan case, from which useful inferences can be drawn to Muslim refugee crises in general. Finally, this thesis outlines challenges and solutions to incorporating Islamic principles into Islamic state responses to Muslim refugee crises. It concludes that stronger multilateral agreements based on Islamic refugee laws should be made between Muslim states (with full UNHCR support) to provide more effective responses to Muslim refugee crises and better protection of Muslim refugees’ rights.
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Sanchez, Laura. "A comparative study of refugees and idps." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/506.
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There is a grave concern for the life, liberty and security of individuals who have been forced to leave their homes and have become dispersed within their native countries and throughout the Asian continent. These internally displaced persons and refugees are the subject of this study. Some of the themes that will be discussed include: civil war, human rights violations and the economy, since these are the problems affecting the populations of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Myanmar. These case studies are of particular interest because Afghanistan is where most refugees come from, Myanmar has the longest-running military regime and Pakistan hosts the most refugees in the world. All three case studies are currently in a state of civil war, are breeding grounds for violations of human rights and have corrupt economies. Thus, the goal is to end armed conflict, to put an end to the human rights violations that come with it and to restructure the economies in each of these nation states so that the internally displaced persons and refugees can be repatriated, since displacement has become too much of a burden for Afghanistan, Pakistan and Myanmar's neighboring countries, who have been taking in all of the refugees from said countries. Theoretically, if the issues causing displacement were to be solved, then the countries that host refugees would be able to concentrate on their own populations. This study can potentially address the gap between knowledge, policy formation, and policy implementation to realize the goals of the international community in dealing with the displacement crisis.B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Alimia, Sana. "The quest for humanity in a dehumanised state : Afghan refugees and devalued citizens in urban Pakistan, 1979-2012." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2013. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/16641/.
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This thesis asks two questions. Firstly, how do refugees exert political agency in Pakistan? And secondly, does legal citizenship affect the expression of political agency in Pakistan? It examines how Afghans (non-citizens) and Pakistanis (citizens - specifically the urban poor) occupy a shared reality in Pakistan. It pays attention to urban spaces, and it looks at this shared space through a framework of 'dehumanisation' and 'self-humanisation' as informed by the oral narratives and ethnography collected during fieldwork in Karachi and Peshawar. In everyday urban Pakistan differences at the level of political agency between the citizen and the non-citizen are slim. This is because official institutions do not deliver the material and nonmaterial resources to which both groups are legally entitled. In practice, therefore, both Afghans and Pakistanis use a similar repertoire of 'hybrid' formal/informal structures and strategies to redistribute everyday material and non-material goods in their push for a humanised existence. Through these shared experiences of dehumanisation and self-humanisation, an alternative space of 'belonging' occurs, which goes beyond traditional demarcations between 'refugees', 'citizens', and 'non-citizens'. These formal/informal ways of being are tolerated and encouraged by official actors because they represent an alternative way of managing urban populations and maintaining the state. However, specific benefits withstanding, this sphere of formal/informal political agency inadvertently chips away at the Pakistani state, in physical and non-physical ways, creating longterm changes to the city and the political legitimacy of the state. This thesis concludes by showing that 'citizenship' matters only in the domain of state 'security'. The post-2001 climate of (in)security in Pakistan has created deeply penetrative forms of enumeration and surveillance. This combines with negative constructions of the Afghan 'Other' to create an everyday reality of humiliation (police harassment, verbal and physical abuse, and arbitrary detention) which is specifically reserved for Afghan bodies.
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Godfrey, Nancy. "Getting in on the act : the multiplicity of agencies promoting the health of refugees, with a case study of the Afghans in Pakistan, 1978-1988." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2437/.
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Over the past century and a half, an international system to assist refugees has evolved, which gives priority to health. This thesis looks at the processes by which policies for the health of refugees have been formulated and implemented in three historical periods. It begins with the Red Cross movement of the late 1800s when medical care was first organised for those wounded in war. Provision of basic medical care for entire populations affected by the World Wars is then reviewed, highlighting the creation of organizations by governments collectively for relief and aid. The bulk of the analysis, however, focuses on the past forty years when western charities and inter-governmental organizations increasingly made medical and public health interventions available for refugee relief in poorer countries. Organizational policies, mandates and structures of the specialised agencies of the United Nations and the charitable agencies based in Europe and North America are examined. This places existing policies for the health of refugees within the context of the cultural and political environment in which they originate. It also identifies more general patterns in institutional responses, allowing their roles in particular relief operations to be anticipated. Health policies for the Afghan refugees in Pakistan during the 1980s are then analyzed. Not only does this analysis validate earlier conclusions about international policies for refugee health, it reveals unbalanced relationships of power between internationally- and nationally-based organizations. In so doing, cultural dimensions of the policy process and the complexity of vested interests within national societies arc found lo have been neglected. Although recommendations can be made, the policy process indicates that they are unlikely to be put into practice. Consequently, more general conclusions about the policy process, key policy issues and characteristics of existing policies for the health of refugees bring the analysis to a close. In particular, this research indicates that there is a coherent system through which health relief is provided. Health relief is not, however, promoted as a human right; instead it is provided as a humanitarian activity by powerful groups within national societies and globally. Sadly, many of the activities carried out under the aegis of relief appear to be symbolic since they do not alter existing balances of power. The intention of these policies to promote the health of refugees is, therefore, subject to debate.
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Shahani, Uttara. "Sind and the partition of India, c.1927-1952." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290268.
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Sindhi Hindus comprise the world's most widespread South Asian diaspora. When the British divided their Indian empire in 1947, unlike Punjab, Bengal, and Assam, they did not partition Sind (today a part of Pakistan), despite the minority campaign for a partition of the region. Sind's partition in 1947 was a deterritorialised and demographic one, producing over a million 'non-Muslim' refugees who resettled in India and abroad. A frequently overlooked region in histories of South Asia, Sind is of profound importance to the history of the partition of India. In the decades preceding partition Sind formed the core of the demand for the creation of 'Muslim majority' provinces that later gave Pakistan its territorial basis. This thesis outlines a new history of partition from the pre-partition Sindhi movement for separation from the Bombay Presidency. It explores the hardening of communal identities in a province renowned for its blurred religious boundaries and the ambiguities of defining a 'Muslim majority' province in the run-up to the foundation of Pakistan. Partition histories emphasise the role of sudden and unexpected genocidal violence in creating refugees. The processes of nation-formation and establishing new political-legal sovereignties also shaped refugee flows. Sindhi Hindu migration at the time of partition is also located within their older histories of mobility and suggests a more complex picture of displacements at the time of partition. Largely unwelcome in India, Sindhi refugees exercised a considerable amount of initiative, in rehabilitating themselves and in challenging the state's slow response to their demands for rehabilitation. Using rarely studied legal archives, this thesis charts how, despite being a stateless minority, Sindhi refugees' legal campaigns shaped the Indian constitution and informed broader notions of Indian citizenship. Refugee initiatives to create a 'new' Sind and port in Kutch collided with the governmental agenda to secure the integration of the princely states and harness their economic resources to the Indian Union. By investigating the 'failures' of this attempt to re-establish 'Sind in India', this thesis provides unique insights into the fraught interaction between refugee resettlement and the birth of a new nation.
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ROY, HAIMANTI. "CITIZENSHIP AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN POST PARTITION BENGAL, 1947-65." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1147886544.
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Boidin, Philippe. "La chirurgie des refugies : compte-rendu d'une experience de 16 mois a peshawar au pakistan." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1M139.
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Patterson, Margaret Madeline. "From medical relief to community health care : a case study of a non-governmental organisation (Frontier Primary Health Care) in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/817.
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This case study is designed to answer the question whether refugees can make a positive contribution to host countries, not simply as individual participants in economic activity, but by contributing to welfare. The thesis provides a detailed study of an NGO originally established to provide medical relief for refugees but which now provides basic health care for local people. Since 1995 this NGO has adopted a policy of providing the same basic care to refugees and to people in local Pakistani villages, thus making no distinction between refugees and the residents of a specific geographical area. The case study also shows that an NGO can be an appropriate and effective provider of primary health care (PHC) as promoted by the 1978 Declaration of Alma Ata. The thesis uses several approaches to demonstrate why this happened and how it was achieved. Firstly, it narrates the history over the twenty-year period 1980-2000 of an international health project originally started for a group of Afghan refugees, and its transformation in 1995 into an indigenous Pakistani NGO called “Frontier Primary Health Care (FPHC)”. Secondly, the study explores the theoretical utility and limitations of the PHC strategy generally. Thirdly, the thesis provides an analysis of the extent to which the underlying principles or “pillars” of PHC, that is, participation, inter-sectoral collaboration and equity have affected the process and outcomes of the project. Locating the case study in the Pakistani context provides evidence of the persistent difficulties and shortcomings of official government basic health care in Pakistan, particularly for rural poor people, showing that the field is open for other providers of health care, such as NGOs. The thesis goes on to discuss strengths and weaknesses of NGOs in general, and particularly as health care providers. In investigating characteristics of the NGO sector in Pakistan, the study pays special attention to the discrete health care system for Afghan refugees created in the early 1980s, including its introduction of Community Health Workers. In order to assess the impact of the NGO on people’s health, the study uses data from mother/child health and family planning programmes (as far as available) demonstrating that this NGO is a more effective provider than the other two agencies i.e. the Government of Pakistan and the Afghan Refugee Health Programme. Placing the NGO in this context also shows that it has a better understanding of the underlying “pillars” and has made more determined and effective efforts to implement them, especially in regard to community involvement. It is unusual for a project initially refugee-oriented to have matured sufficiently to be making a contribution, as a matter of formal policy, to basic welfare in the host country, itself a developing country. The study concludes that the significant factors in its success are continuity of leadership; boundaries of population, geography and administration; dependable income and material resources; rigorous supervision; support, but not takeover, by experienced consultants; capacity to use learning to adapt and move on; and sensitivity to local cultural norms. All these have enabled the project to survive and develop as an indigenous autonomous organisation beyond the twenty years covered by the case study. FPHC is still operational in 2004.
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Hassan, Talal. "AFGHANISTAN COMPLEX SITUATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON PAKISTAN." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22705.
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The aim of this thesis to high lights the Afghanistan complex situation and itsimplications on Pakistan. Though out the history, Afghanistan complex situation andweak government create a security threat for Pakistan. Since the late 1970s Afghanistanhad suffered brutal civil war in addition to foreign interventions in the form of the 1979Soviet invasion and the 2001 U.S. invasion. Pakistan is significantly and directly affectedby the foreign invasion in Afghanistan. Pakistan is facing a variety of security threats; aninternal threat, an Indian threat, and the threat from Afghanistan. In order to comprehendPakistan's security dilemma, it is necessary to start our discussion with analyze theAfghanistan geographically importance, foreign intervention in Afghanistan, pak-afghanrelation, Pakistan’s foreign policies towards Afghanistan, the resistance movement andrefugee problems, and then evaluate the security situation. Admittedly, the India factorcannot be ignored in studying Pakistan's security dilemma.
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Hewitt, Sean Edward. "Malaria in Afghan refugee communities in North-Western Pakistan : appropriate strategies for vector control and personal protection." Thesis, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300115.
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Wahid, Sobia. "Assessment of exposure, infection and risk for malaria in Afghan refugee camps in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2013. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646552/.
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Northern Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) is low malaria endemic area characterised by seasonal transmission with predominantly vivax malaria. Migration of high number of Afghan Refugees in 1978 into KP led to concerns for an increase in malaria, as the malaria incidence in this group was reportedly high compared to the local Pakistani population. Considerable progress has been made in controlling malaria through operational research in the camps where the Afghan refugees reside. However, this process requires effective, repeatable active surveillance tools for monitoring malaria control as availability of accurate data is the major challenge at present. The aim of this PhD project was to generate current information on malaria infection rates through parasite prevalence and malaria exposure using antimalarial antibody responses. The project also investigated the risk factors of malaria and heterogeneity in the geographic distribution of malaria in the camps by using GIS data with serological responses and parasite prevalence data. As an ancillary objective the project aimed to determine the prevalence of G6PO deficiency in the study population. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in five Afghan refugee camps of KP between June and September in 2010. Blood samples were obtained on filter paper from 2526 individuals and tested by rapid diagnostic test, paraSite species specific PCR and ElISA for antibody responses to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. A questionnaire was administered to collect household and individual based information to determine the potential risk factors of malaria. Heterogeneity in malaria was observed between the studied camps based on seroprevalence, which ranged from 17%-45% for P. vivax and 3% to 11% for P. falciparum. Variation in P. vivax infection prevalence was also detected between the camps, which ranged from 0.4-9% (ROT) and 5-15% (peR). Variation in the distribution of malaria was also found within the camp using spatial/GIS data with clear foci of infection identified in 4 of 5 camps. The results showed that as expected parasite based prevalence measures (ROT and peR) are significantly lower than serological measure of exposure. P. falciparum infection prevalence (ROT and PCR) and seroprevalence was found to be extremely low with P. vivax infections predominant. Age seroprevalence changes were more pronounced for P. vivax than P. falciparum and seroconversion rate was strongly associated with parasite rate. Increasing age .and poorly built houses were associated with increasing risk, while staying in the same camp for the last 6 months and using measures to reducing vector biting such as repellents repellent, coils or insecticide spraying were associated with reduce risk of falciparum malaria. The risk of vivax malaria was observed to increase with increasing age, sharing house with cattle and having fever within 24 hours or two weeks and a reduction in the risk was seen in the individuals who reported use of Insecticide treated Bed Nets (ITN) night prior to surveyor used self protection measures from vector. The 563C-T polymorphism of G6PD gene was observed in only 2 unrelated individuals out of 505 individuals tested (O.4%). In conclusion, both parasitological and serological measures were able to detect spatial variation in infection and exposure to malaria at the micro epidemiological level within the camp. This data will help to provide beneficial and up-to-date information to manage control activities in the study area.
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Pourzand, Niloufar. "A tapestry of resistance : Afghan educated refugee women in Pakistan : 'agency', identity and education in war and displacement." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2003. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6271/.
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This study addresses how educated Afghan refugee women in Pakistan have experienced,contributed to and challenged the gendered constructions of national, ethnic and religious identities in war and displacement. In addition, this study addresses the lived experiences of educated Afghan refugee women of formal education in Afghanistan and in Pakistan, and their `agency' in utilizing education to further the cause of equity in their families and communities. This is a qualitative study using twenty in-depth and semi-structured interviews, as well as extensive participatory observation in Afghanistan and Pakistan and library-research over the period of 1996 to 2003. It is the result of immersion, as an `in-between' feminist researcher, in Afghanistan and Afghan refugee life in Pakistan since 1996, and an effort to link academic endeavor with activism and life as a development/humanitarian practitioner. This study shows the symbolic and actual role of women in the gendered constructions of dynamic and shifting identities, and their mobilization by patriarchal, political and military processes in war and displacement. It highlights the specificity of Afghanistan, as well as Pakistan, as the `near abroad'. This includes national `modernization', Sovietization and Islamization efforts and the influence of regional and global politics on Afghanistan and Afghans. The study also shows that many Afghan women, in all their diversity, have challenged not only patriarchy but also other dogmatic and undemocratic process of exclusionary politics. Their lives and efforts challenge Westocentric/orientalized stereotypes of Afghan women (and men), as well as generally those of Moslem women, women of the South and refugee women, and their constructions purely as victims. Formal education, as one of the first and most important public spaces available to girls and women, with its contradictory yet critical potential in enhancing the awareness, skills and resistance of girls and women, is further reviewed and analyzed. While addressing the above issues, this study also highlights the need to undertake further in-depth research on Afghanistan, Afghan women, Afghan refugee women and female education in Afghanistan. Such research can be used to support Afghan women and Afghan refugee women with due consideration to their heterogeneity, `agency' and struggles for wellbeing, choice and respect.
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Iob, Elisabetta. "A betrayed promise? : the politics of the everyday state and the resettling of refugees in Pakistani Punjab, 1947-1962." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/64d284d0-34e2-0a48-a6a0-2dbb6a83c5ba/7/.
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Lahore, Anarkali, mid-1950s. A distinguished-looking refugee is standing in front of a petition writer in the hope of getting the better of the Pakistani bureaucracy and having a property allotted. A few miles ahead, another refugee, camped in a school, is drafting a letter to the editor of the Pakistan Times. He will hide his identity through the pseudonym ‘desperate'. Both of them belonged to the throng of those muhajirs who, back in 1947, had embarked on a dreadful journey towards what they perceived to be their homeland. Historiographical trends have tended to overlook the everyday experience of the state among those middle-class Partition refugees who resettled in Pakistani Punjab. Focusing mainly on their ‘less fortunate' fellow citizens, these explanations have reproduced that historically-unproven popular narrative that ascribes pain and sufferings only to the economically-backward sectors of the local society. Even more frequently, well-rooted argumentative patterns have superimposed historical and present-day socio-geographical mappings of refugee families onto both urban and rural Punjab. These somehow echo that government rhetoric that, up to the early 1960s, paid lip service to the notion of a ‘biraderi-friendly' rehabilitation. This thesis challenges standard interpretations of the resettlement of Partition refugees in Pakistani Punjab between 1947 and 1962. It argues the universality of the so-called ‘exercise in human misery', and the heterogeneity of the rehabilitation policies. As it sheds light on these latter original contributions to the current knowledge, it questions the ability of the local bureaucracy to establish its own ‘polity', the unsuitability of patronage political systems as an autonomous politological category, and the failure of Pakistan as a state. Individual chapters pursue questions of emotional belonging to spatial and political places, social change, everyday experiences of the state through its institutions, electoral politics, and the deployment of integration/accommodation practices as nation- and state-building processes.
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Selikowitz, Harry-Sam. "Oral health and immigrants a study of the oral health and oral health behavior in groups of Vietnamese refugees and Pakistani immigrants in Norway /." [Oslo] : University of Oslo, 1987. http://books.google.com/books?id=QwlqAAAAMAAJ.
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Bell, Lori. "Female community health workers in developing countries : How effective are they? An evaluation of a community intervention in Afghan refugee villages in Pakistan (1987-1994)." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55454.
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Community Health Workers (CHWs) have been advocated as a means of providing primary health care to under-served populations in developing countries since the late 1960's. These community based workers are usually volunteers who receive basic training in health education, antenatal/delivery/postnatal care, and treatment of simple common illnesses. They represent a referral link between the community and professional health services. Female CHWs (FCHWs) are able to access vulnerable populations such as women and children and are often also are involved in midwifery.This thesis evaluates the Community Health Worker (CHW) program using both quantitative and qualitative methods. An initial literature review attempts to ascertain the current quality of evidence provided by published studies of CHW effectiveness to date (Medline 1983-1994). A quantitative study, undertaken by this author in 1990 in Afghan refugee villages in Pakistan, evaluates CHW effectiveness in health promotion using two knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaires (N = 600). The results of this study are then discussed and interpreted with additional qualitative and secondary data collected in the same study area in 1994. Determinants of female community health worker (FCHW) effectiveness are examined by looking more closely at the relationship between the female CHW and both the community and the local health system.
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Pazira, Nelofer. "Afghan women refugees in Pakistan and Iran : refugee transformation." Thesis, 2003. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/2436/1/MQ83964.pdf.
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This is an exploratory case study, which documents social change in the pattern of everyday life of Afghan women refugees in Iran and Pakistan. The central question of the thesis asks: Do significant changes affecting-self-perception take place in a refugee woman's life as result of migration? And, supposing that such changes do occur how might the UN, non-governmental organizations, and the international aid agencies take them into account when designing their policies? I have adopted a comparative approach in reviewing the literature of trends and patterns of various refugee experiences, including my own. I undertook field research (February-June 2000) that comprises a comparative study of refugee women's life in Iran and Pakistan and in the two locations of city and camp. It became evident that migration does indeed produce significant socio-cultural changes in a refugee woman's life, and that these affect her view of herself. Specifically, living in exile enabled a majority of women refugees to connect the economic well-being of the family with female education and the ability to find employment. (This phenomenon, though it may seem obvious in the west, is a revolutionary notion for women from rural sector backgrounds long defined by a tribal, semi-feudal structure). Such a development in turn challenges the traditional view of gender relations, in which the man is inevitably seen as head of the family, provider and protector
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Mendes, Susan M. "Nutritional, health and socioeconomic status of Afghan refugees in Baluchistan Province, Pakistan." 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5128.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Sydney, 1989.Title from title screen (viewed 24 June 2009). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Health to the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. Degree awarded 1989; thesis submitted 1988. Bibliographical references throughout. Also available in print form.
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Latendresse, Simon. "La frontière et les ombres : les clandestins afghans de Peshawar, Pakistan." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21686.
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Irfan, Muhammad. "Developing and testing of culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) for common mental disorders of Pashto speaking Pakistans and Afghans." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19664.
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This thesis carried out between January 2015 and July 2016, describes the process of adaptation of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for common mental disorders (CMDs) and evaluation of its effectiveness through a pilot project in Pashto-speaking Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA area of Pakistan and Afghanistan. This region has faced multiple traumas and difficulties including severe floods, earthquakes, Pak-Afghan-Russian war (1979-1989), the burden of Afghan refugees in Pakistan, civil war in Afghanistan, as well as terrorist attacks and bombing in the aftermath of 9/11. This brought destruction to the region and the rates of mental health problems, especially CMDs are considered to be fairly high in this region. Adapting a cost-effective intervention such as CBT, which is an effective treatment for the treatment of CMDs, might, therefore, be of enormous help in reducing CMDs in the region. However, CBT would need adapting for its use in non-western cultures.
This thesis is divided into 12 chapters. The first chapter gives an overview of the problem, i.e. CMDs around the globe. This chapter includes Prevalence, Risk Factors, Presentation and Aetiology of CMDs and moves on to focusing on different treatment options. Chapter 2 describes CBT with the emphasis on its use in CMDs. Since CBT was developed in the west (as
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highlighted in Chapter 2) and therefore might have been heavily influenced by the underlying cultural values, Chapter 3 discusses the link between culture and CBT. This chapter also encompasses discussion on Sufism (Islamic version of mindfulness). The next two chapters focus on mental health in the region under study in general but CMDs in specific. Chapter 4 describes health system of the region, the state of mental health as well as traditional healing practices in the region, while chapter 5 discusses current status of CMDs in the region.
Chapter 6 is an introduction to the project which discusses the need for the project, methodology used, the reasons for choosing CBT, and a brief description of qualitative methods to be used. Chapter 7 describes the beginning of the qualitative research of the study. It describes exploration of the patients’ views about their illness and its treatment and to see what they think about CBT. A similar approach is used in Chapter 8 to explore the views of the carers about the illness and treatment of their patients. Chapter 9 describes the interviews with the mental health professionals. It also highlights the methods adopted and the results of the qualitative analyses, similar to Chapter 7 and 8. It was also considered necessary to translate the terminologies used in CBT and for this, students were interviewed. This is described in Chapter 10. On the basis of all the qualitative work, we developed a study manual and Chapter 11 describes
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the pilot project which was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the adapted therapy based on the manual prepared for patients with CMDs, using a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design.
The final chapter (chapter 12), summarizes the thesis and discusses some of the key findings. It also describes the lessons learnt from this project and elaborates the way forward for implementation of culturally adapted CBT in the region.
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Mirza, Mumtaz. "Paradise On Earth: Designing A Socially Sustainable Landscape In Northwest Pakistan." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30097.
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Landscape architecture is about creating a sense of place. A worthwhile investigation lies in how to reinforce and/or improve that sense of place where one already exists, be it good or bad. The purpose of this practicum is to investigate the sabotaged landscapes in and around Landi Kotal, a city that lies near the border of Pakistan and Afghanistan, and determine how the quality of the exterior environment can be enhanced to improve the already tumultuous sense of place that exists in the city.
People within this disrupted landscape are optimistic about the future. This optimism is the reason why I am inspired to focus on this place and understand how current methods of design can aid to improve the futures of this distinct region. The influence of subjective beauty was taken into consideration. This can be achieved through the study of people within environments, those who ultimately contribute to the perception of particular landscapes, and eventually, societies. In this project it is pertinent to reveal the effects environments have on the children that occupy them. The approach taken to this
practicum is to consider the measures to be taken in order to encourage a socially sustainable environment in the region through a designed exterior environment surrounding an orphanage.The ways in which people interact with their environments can be understood through a phenomenological interpretation.
Phenomenology will be used in this practicum as a lens by which exterior environments and their individual perception are understood. The Islamic paradise garden has influenced the research and design approach used throughout this practicum; the centrifugal/centripetal qualities of symmetrically designed outdoor environments are a useful platform for this design intervention.
The proposition of an orphanage situated in the city of Landi Kotal will focus on the shelter and education of the less privileged communities that reside on the borders of Pakistan and Afghanistan. As previous efforts to establish a peaceful settlement in these regions have achieved little to no results, this project proposes mechanisms for regional stability by applying design techniques to demonstrate how landscape architecture can contribute to education and experience for children of all ages,
specifically in a war-torn area through the creation of appropriate environments. The research and subsequent design offer an example for future socially sustainable projects which aim to enhance individual and communal territories of regions negatively affected by war and violence.