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1
Qureshi, Marriyam, Sultan Muhammad, and Naeem Khan Jadoon. "LEXIS OF PAKISTANI ENGLISH: A STUDY OF LEXICAL BORROWING IN PAKISTANI ANGLOPHONE LITERATURE." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 05, no. 02 (2023): 1017–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v5i02.1214.
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Pakistani English, an institutionalized variation of English, developed as a result of language contact between English and the Pakistani language. One of the most notable features of this variant is the significant creativity in the lexis. In this study, based on Shah's, A Season for Martyrs (2014), and Mueenuddin's, In Other Rooms, Other Wonders (2009) the researchers explored the language's vocabulary through the lexical borrowings of single words and their assimilation in Pakistani English. They used qualitative content analysis method to analyze lexical borrowings of single items and their level of integration into Pakistani English, on a three-fold grade-ability scale, in the selected works. The study’s findings posit that Pakistani English frequently borrows lexical items from Pakistani languages either to fill the lexical gaps or to transmit various shades of meaning, which reinforces the notion that this variety has its own distinctive lexicon. In addition, the study endorsed the notion that Pakistani English should be considered an independent variety since it represents the linguistic and cultural characteristics of English speakers in Pakistan and is widely used in Pakistani Anglophone literature. Keywords. Pakistani English; Lexical Borrowing; Contextual Areas; Lexical Integration.
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Jadoon, Naeem Khan, and Mustanir Ahmad. "A STUDY OF LEXICAL FEATURES OF PAKISTANI ENGLISH." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 04 (2022): 891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i04.900.
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This study examines the lexical features of Pakistani English as used in the selected works of Pakistani Anglophone literature. Since English, in a linguistically and culturally diverse Pakistan, has become a Pakistani language. Therefore, one of the most important aspects of any claim for Pakistani English as a distinct variety of World Englishes is, clearly, the literary dimension, which this study explored, with the use of textual analysis method, in the selected works of four Pakistani Anglophone writers to ascertain its lexical features. The study highlights variety of innovative methods, such as borrowing, affixation, compounding, hybridization, loan translations, conversion, and archaism, used by the Pakistani Anglophone writers to express the Pakistani identity of their works, in a language compatible with their sociocultural realities. The study concluded that the English, albeit non-native variety has developed a distinct identity of Pakistani language, with facility and correctness of literary expression. The study’s results, thus, emphasize the demand for these lexical features to be codified in Pakistani English books and dictionaries. Keywords: Pakistani English; Lexical features; lexical borrowing; Pakistani Anglophone literature; Pakistani identity.
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Mortuza, Shamsad. "Bangladeshi Literature in English:." Crossings: A Journal of English Studies 13, no. 2 (2022): 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.59817/cjes.v13i2.458.
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Bangladeshi literature in English is marked by several interconnected transitions. Beginning with the two hundred-year British rule in India, followed by the birth of the midnight twins, India and Pakistan, and the eventual independence of Bangladesh makes the position of English literature in Bangladesh a curious one. With nationalistic politics on the rise, the strategic interests in language as a cultural and identity marker shifted towards Bangla. The currency gained by the mother tongue is no accident as the birth of the new nation cannot be separated from its struggle for Bangla as a state language while under Pakistani rule. The literary culture in Bangladesh, thus, evolved in parallel with these changes.
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Amanuddin, Syed, and Alamgir Hashmi. "Pakistani Literature: The Contemporary English Writers." World Literature Today 61, no. 3 (1987): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40143512.
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Mahmood, Afia, Humaira Irfan, Nurah Saleh Fares, and Shafqat Yasmeen. "Pronunciation of English velar nasal (angma) by undergraduate students in Pakistani universities." Studies in English Language and Education 10, no. 3 (2023): 1167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v10i3.31073.
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Pakistani English (PakE) is an emerging variety of English that is in the process of developing its own norms and standards. Besides, distinguishing lexical and syntactic structures, it also has unique phonological features (Baumgardner, 1993; Hassan, 2004; Rahman 1991). Many Pakistani linguists have discussed unique consonantal and vocalic features of Pakistani English (PakE). However, there has not been any significant research conducted on the pronunciation of English velar nasal or angma /ŋ/ by Pakistani English speakers. This study analyses the pronunciation of English velar nasal by Pakistani English speakers. The sample was selected from 20 undergraduate students of the Department of English studying in the first semester of a large-scale public sector university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. A number of 20 English lexical items were selected and were divided into three categories according to the distribution of angma in the English language. The items were presented to the participants in diagnostic sentences. PRAAT, the speech and phonetics analysis software, was used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that Pakistani English speakers pronounce angma inaccurately in the medial position and insert velar plosive /ɡ/ in the poly-morphemic words. However, in the final position, angma is pronounced correctly by most Pakistani English speakers. The findings highlight that Pakistani English speakers are not concerned about the morpheme boundary and pronounce angma without /ŋɡ/ coalescence. Thus, it is found that Pakistani English speakers have distinguished pronunciation. The study recommends more research on Pakistani English pronunciation as well.
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Zainab, Rida, Maria Liaqat, Pakeeza Fatima, and Hassan Bin Zubair. "A Postcolonial Feminist Appraisal of Pakistani English Literature." Journal of Education, Teaching and Social Studies 4, no. 2 (2022): p7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetss.v4n2p7.
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This research explores women’s position in Pakistani society. Women are considered an interesting topic for researchers. The following research will show women’s empowerment in male-dominant backgrounds. This research offers a close analysis of women’s presentations by Pakistani English writers. This research is qualitative in nature. It provides a detailed account of information about postcolonial feminism and feminist writers of contemporary times. Portraiture of women is clear in the works of Pakistani English writers. The whole task will be accomplished with the impact of Colonialism. Pakistani modem writers have analyzed and discussed different issues related to women by portraying female characters in their works. Pakistani feminism is considered a part of Post Colonial fiction. Writers have introduced multiple dimensions of feminism. The main purpose of this research is to highlight different aspects which were caused by feminism. The study presents a detailed examination of females adjustment and its effect with great respect to Post Colonialism.
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Zainab, Rida, Maria Liaqat, Pakeeza Fatima, and Hassan Bin Zubair. "A Postcolonial Feminist Appraisal of Pakistani English Literature." Journal of Education, Teaching and Social Studies 4, no. 2 (2022): p7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetss.v4n2p7.
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This research explores women’s position in Pakistani society. Women are considered an interesting topic for researchers. The following research will show women’s empowerment in male-dominant backgrounds. This research offers a close analysis of women’s presentations by Pakistani English writers. This research is qualitative in nature. It provides a detailed account of information about postcolonial feminism and feminist writers of contemporary times. Portraiture of women is clear in the works of Pakistani English writers. The whole task will be accomplished with the impact of Colonialism. Pakistani modem writers have analyzed and discussed different issues related to women by portraying female characters in their works. Pakistani feminism is considered a part of Post Colonial fiction. Writers have introduced multiple dimensions of feminism. The main purpose of this research is to highlight different aspects which were caused by feminism. The study presents a detailed examination of females adjustment and its effect with great respect to Post Colonialism.
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Asim Karim. "Pakistani Fiction in English: Exploring Decolonial Epistemological Prospects and Challenges in English Classroom Practices in Pakistan." Journal of Contemporary Poetics 6, no. 2 (2023): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.54487/jcp.v6i2.2890.
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This research focuses on Pakistani Fiction in English as a useful tool for language learners to improve their language skills, understanding of culture, and intercultural competence. The discussion shows the vast cultural diversity and linguistic ingenuity evident in Pakistani anglophone texts, enabling learners to participate with authentic language use and get a deeper understanding of Pakistani society. This paper also examines the practical implications of introducing these texts into language classes, highlighting the need for context-based activities, critical thinking exercises, and discussions to promote language competency and cultural sensitivity. Overall, this study reveals that Pakistani anglophone texts offer a significant and underutilised resource for language learners mainly at the undergraduate levels, increasing linguistic competence, cultural appreciation, and cross-cultural communication skills. By combining these materials into the language curriculum, educators can give learners a more comprehensive and interesting language learning experience that represents the rich linguistic and cultural terrain of Pakistan. This paper also assesses the obstacles present in using Pakistani writings in English for language learning objectives. It concludes that the measure will go a long way in decolonising the English language curriculum in Pakistan while empowering learners not only linguistically but also strengthening their cultural identity. By embracing a decolonial perspective, educators may create a more inclusive, relevant, and empowering learning environment that prepares students to navigate a globalised world while honouring their local heritage.
 
 Keywords: English language teaching, teaching literature for English language learning, teaching Pakistani anglophone fiction, decolonial epistemology, decolonisation of English language instruction, content-based instruction.
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Hashmi, Alamgir, and Tariq Rahman. "A History of Pakistani Literature in English." World Literature Today 67, no. 1 (1993): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40149042.
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Shamsie, Muneeza. "Duality and diversity in Pakistani English literature." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 47, no. 2 (2011): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2011.557178.
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Sultana, Zehara. "The Role of English Language Teaching in Promoting Intercultural Understanding in Pakistani Classrooms." Spry Journal of Literature and Linguistics 1, no. 2 (2023): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.62681/sprypublishers.sjll/1/2/3.
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Introduction: English language teaching (ELT) is essential for linguistic growth and building cross-cultural understanding in Pakistani classrooms. Given the multicultural makeup of Pakistan and the importance of English worldwide, it is critical to consider how ELT might advance intercultural understanding. Research Methodology: This study emphasizes the value of this method in the Pakistani context by examining how Pakistani EFL teachers see "interculturality" as a pedagogical strategy in teaching English as a foreign language through descriptive and inferential analysis. Findings: According to the findings, English language instruction plays various roles in Pakistani classrooms that support intercultural understanding. Examining various cultures, dispelling myths, and encouraging tolerance and empathy in students are all made possible by language training. Furthermore, teachers utilize various instructional approaches, including literature exploration and cultural exchange activities, to improve students' intercultural competency. Conclusion: English language instruction fosters empathy and meaningful connections between students from different cultural origins, essential for advancing intercultural understanding in Pakistani classrooms. Unfortunately, obstacles to successful implementation include language imperialism and scarce resources. To maximize the potential of ELT for fostering intercultural understanding in Pakistan, educators, policymakers, and curriculum developers must work together. Recommendation: Given the results, educational stakeholders are urged to prioritize intercultural integration while creating English language courses. This can be accomplished with teacher education programs, culturally aware lesson planning, and the inclusion of diverse opinions in class discussions. Furthermore, forming partnerships with international schools can open doors for cross-cultural exchanges and improve the educational opportunities for Pakistani pupils. By implementing the above recommendations, Pakistan can effectively use English language training to promote cross-cultural understanding and enhance global citizenship.
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Jadoon, Naeem Khan, and Mustanir Ahmad. "PAKISTANI ENGLISH: A GLIMPSE OF PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 01 (2022): 931–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i1.985.
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Pakistani English is an institutionalised non-native variation of the English language that developed from contacts between English and Pakistani indigenous languages. Although, it is still closely related to the standard variety of British English, it deviates from it in multiple ways as it has developed distinct Pakistani features at all linguistic levels. However, it is best recognized by its phonetics and phonological characteristics, despite the fact that phonological variations are widespread. This study described the phonetics and phonological features of Pakistani English in relation to the standard variety of British English. The analysis is based on the researchers’ observation and intuitive understanding in the context of the findings of existing studies on Pakistani English, with data taken from published Pakistani Anglophone literature. The findings suggest that the Pakistani English’s phonetics and phonological features deviate significantly from those of Received Pronunciation, which is mostly the result of first language interference. However, the researchers recommend a more detailed examination of each and every feature of Pakistani English, such as consonants, vowels, and rhythmic patterns. Key Words: Pakistani English; Phonetics and phonology of Pakistani English; Non-native varieties of English; Segmental features of Pakistani English; Non-segmental features of Pakistani English.
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Fatima, Syeda Sana, Fatima Khan, and Dr Muhammad Ahsan. "The Process of Othering in Pakistani English Newspapers." International Research Journal of Education and Innovation 2, no. 2 (2021): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/irjei.27-v2.2(21)258-266.
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Language is not merely a means of expressing ourselves but is a tool of doing things also. Othering is one of such things that are done through language. We construct and propagate our identities and also assign and construe the identities of other people through language. Media, as an example of language in use, plays a crucial role in producing and establishing the reality. The study aims to document the othering process in Pakistani print media and in Pakistani society in general. The data for the study was gathered from columns of English newspaper i.e Dawn. The results and findings contribute to the literature regarding the process of Othering in Pakistani print media and also provide an insight to the trends in media and attitude of public through content analysis of two hundred and fifty-two (252) columns of one of the most leading English language newspapers of Pakistan. The main findings of the paper suggest that the process of othering occurs in the columns of Pakistani English newspaper to a great extent and is always deliberate and purposeful.
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Nawaz Mokal, Mahvish, and Hasliza Abd Halim. "An Analysis of Lexico-Semantic Variations in Pakistani English Newspaper Corpus." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 6 (2023): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n6p371.
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The present study focuses on the corpus-based lexico-semantic analysis of Pakistani English to identify the variations in the language of newspapers. It also investigates how Pakistani English newspapers consider their readers' cultural and social ideals for intelligible contact while selecting language posts. As a result, they often deviate from the native norms of the language adopting many indigenous linguistic features and emerging new varieties of New English to define their tasks easier in order not only to facilitate but to attract people’s attention. Therefore, Moag’s model on New Englishes, Boas’s theory of cultural relativism, and Kachru’s Theory of Nativisation and Acculturation with the conception of the Outer Circle (1986) mainly connected to institutionalize Second Varieties of English have been used for the theoretical analysis within Pakistani context dependent socio-cultural scenario. The usage of these lexical items shows that Pakistani English is derived from the source, namely, Standard British English, for example, shadi hall, Jihadi outfits, etc. These lexical item categories followed in coinage, borrowing, idiomatic collocations, and semantic shift. This study also attempts to create lexicographical entries to represent the diverse Pakistani English and become available to society's educational and global communication. The study purposively compiled the 2 million corpora from the websites of two major Pakistani English Newspapers, The Nation and The News, and then analyzed it by using corpus software tools Antconc 3.5.8w to search for the key terms and to identify these elements of the stance. The study's finding highlights the New English variety of Pakistani English Newspapers and the adapted lexemes used in the local sociolinguistics context. One of the study's most significant findings shows that the New Englishes lexemes are infused with Islamic, historical, and social culture, highlighting the diverse local colours adapted to the Pakistani setting. The New Englishes in Pakistan comprises the amalgamation of Arabic, Urdu, Punjabi, and English lexemes. The study also broadens the horizon of society's educational and communicational usage while maintaining the endonormative standard.
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Hashmi, A. "Pakistani Literature in English: Past, Present, and Future." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 10, no. 2 (1990): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07323867-10-2-48.
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Khan, Ubaidullah, Tahira Malik, and Shamim Ara Shams. "Pakistani Advanced EFL Learners' Perceptions of Role of Pakistani English Short Stories in Increasing Motivation and Interest in Reading Classroom." Global Language Review VI, no. II (2021): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2021(vi-ii).28.
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This research was conducted to study the effectiveness of Pakistani English short stories to increase the level of interest and motivation of the students in reading class. The first part of this study was experimental research that found the positive effect of indigenous English literature on students' interest and motivation in reading classrooms. This second part is based on the students’ perceptions about using Pakistani short stories in the reading classroom. The advanced EFL students constituted the population of this study. The study revealed that the students found the reading lessons based on Pakistani English short stories much more effective as compared to the ones based on foreign literature as the former was easy to understand and relate to, and increased the students' motivation level. The study recommends including indigenously produced English literature in the Pakistani curriculum.
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Mooneeb Ali, Muhammad, Nayla Uzma Khizar, Humaira Yaqub, Jawaria Afzaal, and Amna Shahid. "Investigating Speaking Skills Problems of Pakistani Learners in ESL Context." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 9, no. 4 (2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.9n.4p.62.
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A pivotal skill that needs focus and concentration for efficient communication is speaking. It is taken as one of the toughest skill for learning of language. However, the issue to attain speaking proficiency becomes more problematic in Second language contexts. Specifically in English language speaking situations and ESL contexts, the learners are unable to communicate effectively and they are reluctant to speak due to various problems. Particularly in Pakistan English is regarded as official language for communication, yet only small percentage can communicate in English effectively. This investigation objects to explore the hindrances and problems faced by Pakistani ESL learners while speaking English. The population for this current investigation comes from Pakistan whereas the sample comes from four provincial capitals (Sindh, KPK, Punjab, Baluchistan) and one federal capital of Pakistan i.e. Islamabad. The sample size from the population was 100 (20 each from provincial and federal capital). Quantitative research design was used in which questionnaire was conducted from the people to explore various factors affecting the English speaking in Pakistani peoples. The results revealed that ESL learners in Pakistan do face a lot of psychological, linguistic, and social problems while speaking English. The results concluded that these factors create hindrances to achieve fluency in English language speaking. The outcomes of this study are significant to help concerned administrators, institutions, educators and teachers to eliminate these problems to attain efficiency in speaking English.
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Cilano, Cara. "Hybrid tapestries: the development of Pakistani literature in English." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 54, no. 6 (2018): 850–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2018.1509936.
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Masood, Muhammad Hamzah, Shahzeb Shafi, Muhammad Yousaf Rahim, and Maqsood Ali Darwesh. "Interference of L1 (Urdu) in L2 (English) in Pakistan: Teaching English as a Second Language." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 9, no. 5 (2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.9n.5p.110.
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Under the shadow of the inescapable fact that learning L2 (Second or Foreign Language) especially English in this global village is mandatory for academia in developing countries, thereupon, Pakistan faces akin conditions where learners are exposed to Urdu as National Language and English as Academic and Official Language besides L1 (First Language, Mother Tongue, Primary Language or Native Language). Within this confused sequential multilingualism, few achieve native-like accuracy or fluency or both, while others fall a prey to influence of L1 in L2. The current study extends to explore the different types of interferences Pakistani Urdu (L1) speakers face while learning English as Second Language (ESL) (L2). A random sample of thirty students of first semester BS (Hons.) program students with Urdu as L1 from eleven Pakistani universities were interviewed online and were examined utilizing qualitative approach for the investigation of syntactic interferences which were theoretically evaluated employing the Contrastive Analysis technique proposed by Ellis (1985). Findings unfolded four types of syntactic errors owing to interferences of L1 (Urdu) in the usage of L2 (English): Articles, prepositions, subject-verb agreement and direct implications of Urdu (L1) words which were posing hurdles for Urdu as L1 speakers of Pakistan in learning ESL as L2.
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Muhammad, Rehan, Choudhry Shahid, and Taimoor A. A. Gurmani. "Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Implementation of Communicative Language Teaching Approach in Pakistani Private and Public Institutions." Journal of Languages, Culture and Civilization 5, no. 1 (2023): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/jlcc.v5i1.164.
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The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting communicative approach implementation at the tertiary level as a methodology to teach and learn English as a second language. Communicative language teaching is the most widely used pedagogical approach for teaching foreign languages in developed countries (CLT). Pakistan's educational system may be divided into two main categories: English and Urdu medium. In this study, both literature and situational analysis were employed. Research papers published from 2015 to 2022 were part of the study for critical analysis. Teachers in Pakistan should consider societal aspects and cultural elements and adapt the CLT accordingly. Teachers of English in Pakistani public and private institutions are asked to adapt CLT methodologies to local conditions in light of a paradigm for teaching English using conventional methods. Students may find it easier to participate in the teaching process and accept responsibility for their studies if they are taught using this approach, which also has the potential to improve how English is currently taught in public and private institutions.
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Hashmi, Alamgir. "Pakistani literature in English 1993 and 1994: a critical survey." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 13 (2000): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2000.13.16.
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Mashal, Shoukat. "Breast cancer diagnostic delays in pakistan: a looming epidemic threat." i-manager’s Journal on Nursing 12, no. 2 (2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jnur.12.2.18061.
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Breast cancer is a major contributing factor to the mortality and morbidity burden among the female population in Asia. In 2020, a total of 1.2 million newly diagnosed breast cancer cases and an estimated 3.5 million deaths due to breast cancer were reported in Asia (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2020a). In particular, Pakistan notably reported the highest proportion of breast cancer cases in Asia. Research estimates that one out of nine women in Pakistan is at a high risk of suffering from breast cancer in their lifetime. The constant growth in breast cancer rates in Pakistan indicates that breast cancer is rapidly reaching epidemic proportions and poses an urgent challenge to Pakistan's public health system. Due to system-level and patient-level delay factors, Pakistani women often seek medical care for breast carcinoma at an advanced stage of the disease, whereby survival chances are minimal. The key to mitigating the breast cancer burden in Pakistan is to foster early detection programs among Pakistani women. This review aims to examine the root causes of delayed detection of breast cancer in Pakistani women, emphasize the pivotal role of early detection in individuals' and populations' health promotion, and highlight nursing implications in promoting breast cancer early detection programs. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases including CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The review consists of articles from 2005 to 2020 published in the English language only. Furthermore, the study also highlights the need for context-specific and culturally sensitive early breast cancer detection programs to potentially reduce barriers in the uptake of screening services among Pakistani women.
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Ahmad, Ayaz, Sana Hussan, and Muhammad Shoaib Malik. "An Overview of English Language as a Window of Economic Opportunity in Pakistan." Review of Economics and Development Studies 4, no. 2 (2018): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/reads.v4i2.412.
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This paper overviews the worth of English language learning in Pakistan through the lens of economic cost and benefit comparison. The value is explored from theoretical perspective, using the theoretical construct of economic value of a language proposed by Francois Grin, which is applied in conducted interviews and reviewing the existing literature on language policy and planning of Pakistan. The paper finds that English language, due to the colonial legacy, enjoyed a privileged position in sociopolitical structure of the nascent Pakistani state. The historical entrenchment of English language created a system of values ensuring its domination in sociopolitical domains. Values in these domains determined differentiated earnings, costs and benefits for sociopolitical strata of Pakistan. The historical evolution structured these domains in such a way that the incumbency of English overcame challenges to its privileged position. The current growth of English language predicts continuation of its global and local domination in the foreseeable future.
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Hashmi, Alamgir. "Poetry, Pakistani Idiom in English, and the Groupies." World Literature Today 64, no. 2 (1990): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40146407.
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Chambers, Claire. "A comparative approach to Pakistani fiction in English." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 47, no. 2 (2011): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2011.557182.
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Habib, Muhammad Saleh. "The Need for a 'National Translation Theory' in the Pakistani Academic Discourse." Journal of English Language, Literature and Education 1, no. 04 (2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2020.010410.
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Dr. Nighat Shakur's statistical research in the 2014 issue of Pakistan Journal of Language and Translation Studies (PJLTS) highlights a major concern of the depletion of regional/local languages of Pakistan. The reason for the depletion is due to the world (including Pakistani academic discourse) moving forward with globalization and adopting English as the lingua franca. With this concern in mind, a lingual-literary theory is required that provides practical solutions towards keeping the Pakistani (national) and its regional cultural richness intact. This can be helpful in order to keep pace with the 'globalizing' world – that is our only option. But we need to hold on to our roots and pride as an independent Pakistani identity and we need to move beyond the 200-year colonial legacy. The paper explores the need for a 'National Translation Theory' which provides an overview of how regional/local languages, literature/s, and cultural knowledge/s need to be disseminated in other languages (particularly English as lingua franca) while keeping the sense and essence of nationalistic pride intact. Inversely, other languages, literature/s, and cultural knowledge/s need to be translated into the local/regional languages of Pakistan to promote the positive globalization from a transcultural perspective. Both these attempts then need to be practiced in the academic discourse to promote its practicality. The key research questions for this study include: How are we still suffering from the colonial identity crisis? What are the good literary and translation examples that could serve as a precursor for developing such a theory? What should be the policies/steps (monetary, challenges, government support etc.) that can frame such a theory?
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Mehmood, Faisal. "Feminism in Pakistani English Literature: A Study in Post-Colonial Paradigm." Pakistan Social Sciences Review 5, no. II (2021): 666–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2021(5-ii)52.
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Shahid, Choudhry, Eng Tek Ong, Kung Teck Wong, and Asma Perveen. "EXPECTATIONS AND REALITY OF LEARNER AUTONOMY AND COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN PAKISTANI HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: A REVIEW." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 5, no. 34 (2020): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.534007.
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The primary aim of this study is to analyse the main factors affecting the learner autonomy and communicative competence of the EFL learners at higher education level in Pakistan. Nowadays, the English language is considered a language of education, business, and research, moreover, English is a medium of instruction in higher education institutions in Pakistan and communication ability and autonomy are regarded highly important skills for the students’ academic success and professional development in the university context. This study has used the literature review and situational analysis approach in order to explore the teaching and learning of the English language at the tertiary level in Pakistan. This study will discuss the present situation of English Language teaching in Pakistan, and the main challenges hindering the skill development of the students. This study has recommendations for the policymakers, teachers, trainers, and students struggling to develop communicative competence and learner autonomy at higher education level in Pakistan. The finding of the study indicates that gap in skill development, low proficiency, improper evaluation, and problematic pedagogy are the main factors affecting skill development in the Pakistani EFL context. Students’ skills can be promoted incompetence and autonomy areas by providing them with interpersonal and physical space in learning the target language.
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Dr. Syed Shujaat Ali, Muhammad Ishtiaq, and Muhammad Shahid. "Perceptions of Pakistani Learners of English about Standard British and American English: An Exploratory Approach." sjesr 3, no. 2 (2020): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss2-2020(99-106).
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Pakistani learners of English are exposed to the same degree to both the British and the American variety of English language. There is no state policy or direction regarding the preference of one variety over the other in being used for getting education. Overall society and educational institutes are free to adopt or promote any variety that they deem proper. Both the varieties are used extensively, are quite popular, and enjoy sufficient means and reasons to be effective in society. The lack of uniformity in adopting a particular variety leads to multiple problems, including an English variety having features of both American and British English in different degrees, depending on each user’s different degree of exposure to both the varieties. For ensuring uniformity and avoiding confusion, the researcher thought it compulsory to make a recommendation for the adoption of a single variety out of the two, based on its suitability and utility. However, the researcher feels it urgent that before making recommendations to the government for the adoption of a single variety, the wishes and predilections of the people of Pakistan have to be considered and the reasons why some prefer British variety and some the American variety have to be identified and assessed. If they preferred a feature of English, then did they know which variety it belonged to and if they knew then why did they like it. In the process, the researcher also strove to find out as to what extent the knowledge of literature and history of the country of the variety, contributed to affecting the preference of the Pakistani people. Data was gathered from sixty-six participants from two universities of Pakistan, namely Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST) Kohat from the KP Province on the provincial level, and National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad from the Federal capital, Islamabad, on the federal level; participants were enquired about their approaches, attitudes, and feelings towards the variety of English they preferred and to explain reasons and motives behind the selection/rejection of one or other of the two varieties, through a questionnaire having seven close-ended and three open-ended items.
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Yasmin, Tayyabba, Intzar Hussain Butt, and Muhammad Naeem Sarwar. "A Comparative Analysis of Reporting Verbs in Research Papers authored by Pakistani and Native Writers." I V, no. I (2020): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(v-i).07.
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Decorous exploitation of reporting verbs is a fundamental component of academic writing. It facilitates in constructing authors’ assertions as well as situating those assertions with the previously published literature in the field (Bloch, 2010). This study has been carried out to examine the phenomena of reporting verbs in the research articles of Education and English written by Pakistani and native speakers of English. A corpus-based approach has been adopted in this study. The corpus of the study comprises of 152 research articles, authored by native and Pakistani researchers in the fields of Education and English. The findings of the study exhibited dissimilarities in the ways the authors accredit the other sources in their work and demonstrate the reported statements in Pakistani and native corpora. This study will assist the research scholars to enhance their awareness regarding an appropriate selection of reporting verbs in their academic writings.
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Ramzan, Muhammad, Ibrahim Oteir, Misbah Afsheen Khan, Abdullah Al-Otaibi, and Sameena Malik. "English learning motivation of ESL learners from ethnic, gender, and cultural perspectives in sustainable development goals." International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies 12, no. 3 (2023): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5019.v12i3.4840.
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The aim of this study was to examine the English language learning motivation of Pakistani students by viewing ethnicity, gender, and culture because Pakistan is multi-ethnic and cultural country with wide dimensions. The study was examined with reference to UN directed 17 sustainable development goals, with special reference to Goal No 4 related to education. A sample of 602 participants from 39 Pakistani public and private sectors’ universities was taken as participants of this research. The research was done by adapting a questionnaire as a research tool, and L2 motivational self-system was taken as a theoretical framework. The collected data via questionnaire response was statistically analyzed by using SPSS 26 software. The results indicated that in Pakistan, all four types of internal motivational structure, i.e., immediate achievement, learning situation, intrinsic interest, and personal development, existed in students of English as second Language learners’ motivation. The highest value among the four factors of motivation was 2.57 in personal development factor, and the lowest mean value was in learning situations. There is no significant statistical variation among gender in all four types of motivational structures. In English learning motivation, urban students were comparatively higher motivated in all motivational internal factors. Furthermore, only Pathan and Kashmiri students had a significant variation, and the motivation of Pathan ethnicity was higher than Kashmiri in all motivational aspects. This research would be a useful insight for English teachers and students in an intracultural environment infused with ethnicity and multi-gender student population.
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Mahmood, Dr Rasib, Asifa Qasim, Dr Akhter Habib Shah, and Dr Tribhuwan Kumar. "Learning Literature through Media: A Comparative Study of Learning Process through Written and Filmed Literature." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 14, no. 1 (2022): 1064–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v14i1.221120.
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Literature documents and represents the experiences of human beings in the form of novels, poetry and dramas. These experiences can also be made visual in movies and other enactments. EFL practitioners employ literature to teach English. This study investigated the differences in the learning processes of EFL learners using texts and movies in the Pakistani context. Macbeth and A Passage to India were selected arbitrarily for this study. The data were collected through classroom observations and interviews from Lahore and NUML University Peshawar. The participants were divided into two groups of twenty. The control group used written texts of the literary works, whereas the experimental group was taught through movies of the novel and the play. The study’s findings revealed both positive and negative effects on the learners. The use of text resulted in better writing skills, correct spellings, and sentences but tended to show weak speaking skills with the local pronunciation of English words. On the other hand, watching movies improved the learners’ fluency and pronunciation, but they had spelling and sentence construction problems. Therefore, it is recommended that both written and visual forms of literary works be used concomitantly.
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Afsheen Ekhteyar and Dr.Tariq Umrani. "CPEC in Pakistani Print Media: Transitivity Analysis of English Newspapers’ Articles." Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) 3, no. 1 (2021): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss1.93.
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The purpose of the study is to scrutinize critically the ideological constructions and discursive features used in Pakistani print media representing economical phenomenon of CPEC. This research has elucidated the ideology through critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the leading English newspapers of a good repute: However, the similar news from the different newspapers as depicted in the various forms that are all ideologically disputed in this perspective including Daily Dawn and The News HE NEWS. These articles on CPEC, the most prevailing economic subject in Pakistan as published during the year 2016-17, have been purposefully selected for this study. Transitivity analysis as an analytical tool has been applied for the analysis of such the articles. By applying Halliday's transitivity system, hence; the study attempts to show how the use of linguistic signals can demonstrate the characteristics and techniques used in Pakistani print media for representing CPEC. Further, this study is comparative in nature, and compares the language used in both the English newspapers for representing CPEC. The findings indicate that CPEC has been presented as an economical subject of national worth in both the newspapers that implies a meaning of PRO-CPEC ideology. The current study is the significant in its originality as it is interdisciplinary study, and its findings are not in line with the exist in literature on media conflict.
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Rahman, Tariq. "Linguistic Deviation as a Stylistic Device in Pakistani English Fiction." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 25, no. 1 (1990): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002198949002500102.
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Khan, Ubaidullah, Muhammad Uzair, and Shaista Zeb. "Construction of Cultural Identity through Language: A Study of 'Salt and Saffron'." Global Language Review V, no. II (2020): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(v-ii).16.
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Most representations of culture are done through literature which tells the readers about the lives of the people of a given culture. This article explores how the English novel Salt and Saffron, written by Kamla Shamsie, a writer of Pakistani origin, constructs the cultural identity of Pakistani characters in the novel. As the novel revolves around a Pakistani family, the culturerelated words, as well as themes, are inevitably present, and the article, through content analysis, highlights how these cultural themes have been discussed by the writer with the effective use of codeswitching and how this discussion has led to the presentation of a unique Pakistani cultural identity.
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Amjad Shabbir. "Literature And Sociolinguistics: A Stylistic Study Of Modern Urdu Poetry In The Context Of English Diction." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 4, no. 1 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v4i1.97.
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This study delves into the use of English Diction in modern Urdu poetry and its impact on the stylistic context. The research focuses on selected poets and their incorporation of English words and phrases into their Urdu poetry. The study aims to understand how this inclusion affects the literary style and meaning of the poetry. It also explores the sociolinguistic implications of this phenomenon on the Urdu language and the relationship between the poets and their audience. This article aims to explore the stylistic implications of this trend through a stylistic analysis of the selected Urdu poets: Asad Muhammad Khan, Iftikhar Jalib, Salim-ul-Rehman, Akhtar Usman, Azra Abbas, Afzal Ahmed Syed, Zahra Nagah, Parveen Shakir, Zee Shan Sahil, Naseer Ahmad Nasir, Ali Muhammad Farshi, Waheed Ahmad, Rawish Nadeem and Arshad Meraj. The influence of English on Urdu can be seen as a reflection of the increasing globalization and Westernization of Pakistani society. The poets included in this study represent different generations and come from different parts of Pakistan, but they all share a common experience of growing up in a society that is increasingly exposed to English. The stylistic implications of the use of English Diction in Urdu poetry are varied and complex. On one hand, it can be seen as a way of enriching the poetic language, bringing new nuances and connotations to the Urdu lexicon.
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Pandhiani, Saima Murtaza, and Sumera Umrani. "Identity Negotiation of Female ESL Learners: Communities of Practice Perspective." Grassroots 55, No 1 (2021): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52806/grassroots.v55i1.3765.
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This qualitative study employs Communities of Practice (Lave& Wenger, 1991) framework to map out how female learner identity is built and negotiated within Post-colonial Pakistan. The study traces out the ongoing identity struggles of young Pakistani female ESL learners at The Institute of English Language and Literature (IELL), University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan, from a broadly poststructuralist perspective .Data analysis and interpretation were guided by CoPframework which views learner as essentially part and parcel of the learning environment within which learning takes places. The data revealed a complex picture of Female English Language Learner Identity (FELLI), as diverse subject positions emerged while the participants developed a sense of alignment with different CoP and displaying acts of resistance to counter discrimination. Higher education appeared as a site of identity negotiation and transition into new CoP for the participants. The participants demonstrated signs of social, linguistic and academic participation in as participating members of academic CoP
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Naghmana Siddique, H.M. Zahid Iqbal, and Ambreen Bibi. "Contemporary Engagements with Decoloniality: Tracing Epistemic Disobedience and Decolonial Aesthesis in Pakistani Anglophone Literature." Panacea Journal of Linguistics & Literature 2, no. 2 (2023): 222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.59075/pjll.v2i2.311.
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This paper seeks to discover epistemic reconstruction and reconstitution in Pakistani Anglophone literature to identify epistemic disobedience that confronts the rigidity of Western canons. In a so-called postcolonial age, the integration of indigenousness with decoloniality weaves an indigenous knowledge tapestry that may challenge hegemonic intellectual imperialism. In the last few decades, there has been a surge of interest in decolonizing epistemology. The native epistemological quest offers alternative knowledge claims that can replace hegemonic epistemology in the colonial matrix of power. It may be used to challenge the lionized image of various Western epistemologies ingrained in indigenous thinkers' minds over history. The central thesis of this paper is to examine the role of Pakistani indigeneity in providing a locus of enunciation, a context, or situatedness for Pakistani Anglophone literature to question Western canonization to decolonize indigenous epistemology. To accentuate epistemic disobedience that occurs in the wake of epistemic decolonization, this study explores Straggling through Fire by Gulam Murtaza Aatir by placing it in the theoretical framework of decoloniality by Walter Mignolo. Walter Mignolo's discernments on epistemic disobedience, locus of enunciation, and decolonial aesthesis provide a central theoretical framework for this paper to analyze Straggling through Fire by Gulam Murtaza Aatir. It paves the way for Pakistani researchers in the future to insert the versatility and novelty of our indigenous Anglophone writers in the mainstream of English literature to confront Western canonization.
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Khan, Marina, Saddam Ul Islam, and Sanaa Malaikah Noor. "Style In Literature: A Stylistics Analysis of the Poem "The Sari" by Moniza Alvi." Global Language Review VII, no. II (2022): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2022(vii-ii).20.
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This paper probes a stylistic analysis of poem of eminent Pakistani English Poetess Moniza Alvi. The well-known poem by Moniza Alvi is titled"The Sari." Alvi received a Cholmondeley Award for Poetry in 2002, and Bloodaxe released Alvi'sretrospective collection, Split World: Poems 1990–2005,in 2008. Her voice is restrained, indirect, fantastical,kind, and unique. She possesses a special understanding of cultural and emotional splits. Here,the researcher tries to approach Alvi's poetry "The Sari"from the perspective of stylistics. The paper also analyses the poems using linguistic methods in order to elucidate their meaning. It is significant to emphasize that many who teach and research the English language and literature find stylistics to be a very helpful scientific field. Whether English is your first language, second language, or third, stylistics can help native English speakers as well as overseas students.Both linguistic and literary talents can be acquired.
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Muhammad Ramzan, Dr. Abdul Karim Khan, and Dr. Ihsan Ullah Khan. "Stylistic Analysis of Shadab Zeest Hashmi’s Poem “You are chained”." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no. 1 (2021): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(280-285).
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This paper aims at analyzing Shadad Zeest Hashmi’s poem ‘You are chained’ with a special focus on the foreground. The tools of foregrounding i.e. parallelism and deviation are surfaced that attract the attention of the reader for hidden messages related to the socio-political scenario of Pakistan, Kashmir, and India. Thus the miserable plight of the Kashmiris is encompassed through stylistic devices which are peculiar to Hashmi’s poetry. Foregrounding is the tool through which one can analyze a piece of literature having so many deviations and code-switching. The main aim of the study is to bring to the fore the local poets writing in English. The research is based on this intention to strike the attention of new researchers to criticize as well as to appreciate our local poets for their encouragement. On the other hand, research on Pakistani literature in English is an emerging area of investigation that is why, it is hoped, that this paper will prove to be an encouraging step ahead for future scholars.
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Channa, Liaquat Ali. "Agentive Apprenticeship of Observation and English Teacher Identity: A Pakistani Case of Learning to Teach English." Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics 23, no. 1 (2020): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37213/cjal.2020.28736.
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An exploration of literature on second/foreign language (L2/FL) teaching suggests that the phenomenon in question has been investigated either by examining classroom processes or by exploring teachers’ lived experiences. Situated in the latter area, this paper reports a qualitative study that understands how Pakistani primary school teachers learn to teach English—the subject mandated in recent curricular reforms—and develop their English teacher identity. The findings problematize the apprenticeship of observation concept and demonstrate that the teachers agentively draw upon their favorite English learning experiences. They teach English not the way they were taught, rather, they teach the way they loved learning English. Thus, they develop the English teacher identities they adored while they were students. The paper presents pertinent implications.
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Zainab, Noreen. "Repression, Isolation, and Paranoia: A Psychoanalytic Feminist Study of ‘The Nightmare’ by Rukhsana Ahmad." University of Chitral Journal of Linguistics and Literature 1, no. 1 (2018): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33195/uochjll/1/1/05/2017.
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Generally, literature written by Pakistani women writers in English depicts women as victims of patriarchy, social and cultural oppression. Meanwhile, in recent times the short fiction is exploring new paradigms related to the psychological oppression of married women in Pakistan. The following paper selects the short story, ‘The Nightmare’ by Pakistani writer, Rukhsana Ahmad, where a housewife suffers from paranoia because of disconsolate marriage. Therefore, this research aims to study the causes of psychological disorders specifically paranoia among apparently happy housewives. Moreover, the causes and effects of repression and isolation on personality of women would be discussed from the psychoanalytic feminist perspective using the framework of Sigmund Freud (1973- 86) through the character of Fariha. Through the method of character analysis (Dobie, 2011) this paper concludes that the childhood experiences of repression are the reason for victim’s passiveness towards psychological oppression during adult life. This paper would also help in establishing the conclusion that women who suffer abuse in their childhood are more likely to face abuse in their adult lives, which becomes the cause of their psychological instability.
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Khan, Fatima, Dilawar Khan, and Mehreen Zafar. "A Genre-Based Analysis of Classified Advertisements in Pakistani English Newspapers." Global Digital & Print Media Review V, no. II (2022): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2022(v-ii).14.
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The current study analyzing the genre of classified advertisement in Pakistani English Newspapers explains how classified ads actually achieve the objectives of selling and buying. The study also supports how the linguistic features are arranged in ads to persuade the buyers. The Move-structure for sales promotion letters of Bhatia (1993) has been adapted to analyses a corpus of 1008 classified ads in Pakistani English newspapers. The classified advertisements represent three moves; out of them, only Move 3 is optional. The linguistic and structural interpretation of the text ensures the communicative purpose of the texts. The use (100 Percent)of adjectives, intensifiers, nominal, imperatives, and nouns by nominative and objective cases and digits is represented as the most common linguistic feature. But only 10.41 Percent of the use of the pronouns 'you' or 'your’ indicates that the classified advertisements serve as a communicative medium to provide information portals for potential customers. Cook (1992) claims that the linguistic use of advertisement is to provide information for a reason/s.The current study can be a source of literature in the field of research on the classified advertisement and pedagogical material in the field of ESP.
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Ubaid, Ubaid Ullah, Joseph Ramanair, and Souba Rethinasamy. "Willingness to communicate in relation to language use among Pakistani undergraduates: A sociocultural perspective." Studies in English Language and Education 9, no. 1 (2022): 365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i1.22315.
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This study aimed to investigate English as a second language (ESL) undergraduates’ sociocultural perspective of willingness to communicate (WTC) in English inside the classroom in relation to language use outside the classroom. The participants were 440 ESL undergraduates selected through the cluster sampling method from eight universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province in Pakistan. The data were collected through questionnaires on WTC in English inside the classroom and language use outside the classroom. The findings revealed that the participants’ level of WTC in English was high for most social interactions within the classroom, such as in groups, during activities, with the same gender, and when given preparation time in groups. The findings for language use showed that a mixture of languages, such as Pashto and Urdu, was predominantly used in the family, neighbourhood and friendship, religion, education, and transaction domains. In contrast, English was primarily used in the mass media and social media domains. Moreover, the findings revealed that WTC in English inside the classroom was positively correlated with social media, mass media, transaction and education domains but negatively correlated with the family domain.
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Samiullah, Muhammad, Aftab Ahmad, and Muhammad Naseer Ud Din. "Development of Functional Writing Skills through Communicative Approach in Pakistani High School." Global Social Sciences Review III, no. III (2018): 559–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(iii-iii).33.
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The major and foremost aim of the research had been to observe an effect of (CLT) communicative language teaching approach on functional writing skills among 9th graders in Pakistani high schools. Relevant literature revealed that functional writing skills can be increased through (CLT) communicative language teaching approach. Quasi Experimental design, that is, pretest posttest nonequivalent control group design was used. Threats to internal/external validity were undertaken properly. The pre-test was the same, and it had been used as the post-test as well. Creative compositions related to functional writing skills were examined carefully and were marked as per scoring rubrics. The (CLT) communicative language teaching approach is recommended for English teaching specifically writingrelated tasks in the subject of English.
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Din, Muhammad, and Mamuna Ghani. "Developing Lexical Competence Through Literature: A Study of Intermediate Students of Pakistan." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 4 (2018): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n4p164.
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This study brings to light the fact how much teaching English through literature renders any pay off in developing and honing the EFL/ESL learners’ lexical competence. This study strives to investigate the role of literature in developing the ESL/EFL learners’ lexical competence, find out the ESL/EFL learners’ attitude towards teaching lexical competence through literature, know the lexical competence level of the ESL learners, examine ESL/EFL learners’ vocabulary knowledge and get insight into the difference between the ESL/EFL learners’ receptive and productive knowledge of vocabulary. In the Pakistani context, literature seems to be inadequate language teaching tool at HSSC level. To achieve the set objectives, the researcher went for the quantitative research methodology. So, a questionnaire comprising of 15 items encompassing the different aspects of vocabulary was designed to collect data from 600 subjects (male/female) of intermediate level. The researcher has also conducted “Vocabulary Level Test” and “Word Associate Test” as achievement tests. The collected data were analyzed through software package (SPSS XX). The findings of this study explicitly reveal that the EFL learners remain unable to develop lexical competence when they are taught English through literature. This study recommends that the teaching of English should be application oriented and task-based strategies and activities should be resorted to by the EL educators.
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Kausar, Ghazala, and Ansa Hameed. "Nurturing Sociolinguistic Competence in Pakistani ELT Context through Teachers: Practices, Perspectives, and Practicalities." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 5 (2023): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n5p482.
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Sociolinguistic competence or the appropriate use of language in different social scenarios is a construct that depends on such social variables as age, gender, class, and ethnicity as well as on different socioeconomic categories too. Teachers have a vital role to play in developing both receptive as well as productive sociolinguistic competence in any society, especially where English is a second language. The present research aimed at investigating public sector school teachers’ perceptions and practices regarding sociolinguistic competence in Pakistan. In terms of sociolinguistic competence, the study has a special focus on context-appropriate grammar and vocabulary usage. The study consisted of two phases, in the first phase perceptions and practices of school teachers were analyzed using the works of Jianda (2006), Abedi (2016), and Blum-Kulka & Olshtain (1981). In the second phase, building upon the findings, various training sessions were conducted in the Twin Cities of Pakistan to identify the hurdles and suggest practical solutions for the development of sociolinguistic competence among English language learners. The findings indicated that the unawareness of English culture is the major reason for cultural instruction failure in English language learning lessons. Also, by using feasible and cost-effective measures we can develop the sociolinguistic competence of English language learners at public sector schools.
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Ghani, Mamuna, and Muhammad Din. "The Effect of Teaching English through Literature on Creative Writing at HSSC Level in Pakistan." International Journal of English Linguistics 7, no. 2 (2017): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v7n2p142.
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Creative writing means the ESL/EFL learners’ capacity to respond vividly and spontaneously, and to convey responses freely in their writing. This study brings to light the fact that teaching English through literature does not render any positive pay off in developing and honing the EFL/ESL learners’ creative writing. In the Pakistani context, literature seems to be inadequate and improper language teaching tool at HSSC level. To achieve the set objectives of this study, the researcher went for the quantitative research methodology. So, a questionnaire comprising of 15 items encompassing the different aspects of creative writing was designed to collect data from 600 subjects (male/female) of intermediate level. The researcher also conducted an achievement test so that a correlation might be drawn between their attitude towards “developing creative writing through literature” and the score of their achievement test. The collected data were analyzed through software package (SPSS XX). The findings of this study explicitly reveal that the EFL learners remain unable to develop both the language skills (particularly writing skill) and language areas when they are taught English through literature. This study recommends that the teaching of English should be application oriented and task-based strategies and activities should be resorted to by the EL educators.
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Jafri, Uzma Atif. "MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATIONS AND THE MOTIVATION OF PAKISTANI ESL LEARNERS: A REVIEW." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 7, no. 1 (2022): 221–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp221-242.
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The aim of this paper is to review the literature and exemplify the manifestation of integrative and instrumental motivational orientations in Pakistan’s ESL learners with reference to Gardner’s Socio-Educational model. It delineates issues that impede the motivational process and contextual elements with motivational factors that could provide new insights to help practitioners plus policy makers to determine and address contemporary concerns in the holistic learning of English. The study principally sheds light on the current state of motivation in Pakistani ESL students, projecting a need to revise the English language curricula to more inclusive ones at all academic tiers; construct collegial classrooms; modify the practiced didactic approaches and focus on development of contextually suitable contents as some of the initiatives that need to be taken into consideration for nurturing students’ and teachers’ motivation in alignment with the model. The present study majorly proposes the need to utilize the Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) for comprehensive analysis of students’ motivation and it provides an adapted simplified version of AMTB that can be used to examine Pakistani ESL students’ motivation, and further tested in other similar contexts.
 
 Key Words: ESL, instrumental, motivational orientations, integrative, language learning.
 
 Cite as: Jafri, U. A. (2022). Motivational orientations and the motivation of Pakistani ESL learners: A review. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 221-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp221-242
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Din, Muhammad, Muhammad Asif Khan, and Mamuna Ghani. "Language Competence of HSSC Level Students in Pakistan: Developing Writing Proficiency through Literature." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 3 (2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n3p65.
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Writing is a means of communication and part of everybody’s education. Writing as a medium of language has its special features. This study brings to light the fact that teaching English through literature does not render any substantive and positive pay off in developing and honing the ESL/EFL learners’ writing skill. In the Pakistani context, literature seems to be inadequate and improper language teaching tool at HSSC level. To achieve the set objectives of this study, the researcher went for the quantitative research methodology. So, a questionnaire comprising of four categories i.e., grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure and creative writing was designed to collect data from 600 subjects (male/female) of intermediate level. The researcher also conducted an achievement test so that a correlation might be drawn between their attitude towards “developing writing skill through literature” and the score of their achievement test. This study has also strived to categorize the subjects in accordance with their proficiency level and computed a pie chart to illustrate their proficiency level. The collected data were analyzed through software package (SPSS XX). The findings of this study explicitly reveal that the EFL learners remain unable to develop both the language skills (particularly writing skill) and language areas when they are taught English through literature. This study recommends that the teaching of English should be application oriented and task-based strategies and activities should be resorted to by the EL educators.