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Journal articles on the topic 'Pakistani Sign Language'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Fatima, Eesham, Waqasia Naeem, and Irfan Abbas. "THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON THE DISCOURSE MARKERS IN PAKISTANI SIGN LANGUAGE." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 02 (2022): 1201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i2.616.

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This paper aims to shed light on the common discourse markers in Sign Language, particularly Pakistani Sign Language. Pakistani Sign Language is overlooked and emerges as a non-standardized. These gestures/ discourse markers will be studied in comparison to American Sign Language (ASL). The main features will be analysed that call for a detailed analysis based on the use, the universality and application. This research aims to study if there is any influence of gender on these discourse markers. The Pakistan Sign Language Corpus will be collected and analysed with the assistance of Sign Langua

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Kausar, Sumaira, M. Younus Javed, Samabia Tehsin, and Muhammad Riaz. "Vision-based Classification of Pakistani Sign Language." International Journal of Image, Graphics and Signal Processing 8, no. 2 (2016): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijigsp.2016.02.02.

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Nisa, Atifa, Zamna Sarfraz, Amber Naveed, and Farah Mahmood. "A survey-based study of challenges of multilingualism in Pakistan." English Education Journal 14, no. 2 (2023): 580–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/eej.v14i2.31977.

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This paper aims to investigate how people face different challenges in a multilingual and multicultural society, especially in Pakistan. The English enjoys official language status, while Urdu is the national language in Pakistan. Minority languages, on the other hand, are a sign of stigma and destitution, and most speakers of minority languages face discrimination. In this paper, a binary approach of qualitative and quantitative is used to explore multilingualism in Pakistan. In order to understand how Pakistan's language policy favors some languages over others and what impact that has appea

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Zeshan, Ulrike. "Indo-Pakistani Sign Language Grammar: A Typological Outline." Sign Language Studies 3, no. 2 (2003): 157–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.2003.0005.

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Arshad, Akash, Aqsa Iram Shahzadi, and Amna Fazail. "Discourse Analysis of Socio-political Ideology in Cartoons Presented in Pakistani Newspaper." Journal of Law & Social Studies 4, no. 4 (2022): 547–55. https://doi.org/10.52279/jlss.04.04.547555.

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The study analyzes the cartoons from the Pakistani newspaper, especially, for exploring the socio-political issues of the Pakistani society as well. the semiotic (Sign Language) analysis has been done through the discourse of the Leading Pakistani newspaper the Dawn. The study decodes the representations to Pakistani politicians through print media in Pakistan. Moreover, that shows semiotics and the literary devices could be worked discursively, such as to show viewer’s hegemony of the politicians of the Pakistan. Henceforth, the model of Fairclough (1990), is used as a theoretical framework o

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Mirza, Shaheer, Sheikh Muhammad Munaf, Shahid Ali, and Muhammad Asif. "Static Pakistani Sign Language Classification using Support Vector Machine." Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology 12, no. 2 (2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.436.

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In this study, a system is proposed that uses the Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique with Bag-of-Words (BoW) and recognizes static Pakistani Sign Language (PSL) alphabets. The application of the BoW technique with SVM, on a PSL images' dataset, has not been performed previously. Similarly, no publicly available dataset for PSL is available and previous studies have achieved a maximum classification accuracy of 91.98%. For this study, a total of 511 images are collected for 36 static PSL alphabet signs from a native signer. The Sign Language (SL) recognition system uses the collected images

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Abbas, Ali, Summaira Sarfraz, and Umbreen Tariq. "Pakistan sign language translation tool in educational setting: teachers perspective." Journal of Enabling Technologies 16, no. 1 (2022): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jet-06-2021-0033.

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PurposeThe current study aims to determine the viability of the tool developed by Abbas and Sarfraz (2018) to translate English speech and text to Pakistan Sign Language (PSL) with bilingual subtitles.Design/methodology/approachFocus group interviews of 30 teachers of a Pakistani private university were conducted; who used the PSL translation tool in their classrooms for lecture delivery and communication with the deaf students.FindingsThe findings of the study determined the viability of the developed tool and showed that it is helpful in teaching deaf students efficiently. With the availabil

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Saleem, Muhammad Imran, Atif Siddiqui, Shaheena Noor, Miguel-Angel Luque-Nieto, and Enrique Nava-Baro. "A Machine Learning Based Full Duplex System Supporting Multiple Sign Languages for the Deaf and Mute." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (2023): 3114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053114.

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This manuscript presents a full duplex communication system for the Deaf and Mute (D-M) based on Machine Learning (ML). These individuals, who generally communicate through sign language, are an integral part of our society, and their contribution is vital. They face communication difficulties mainly because others, who generally do not know sign language, are unable to communicate with them. The work presents a solution to this problem through a system enabling the non-deaf and mute (ND-M) to communicate with the D-M individuals without the need to learn sign language. The system is low-cost,

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Halim, Zahid, and Ghulam Abbas. "A Kinect-Based Sign Language Hand Gesture Recognition System for Hearing- and Speech-Impaired: A Pilot Study of Pakistani Sign Language." Assistive Technology 27, no. 1 (2014): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10400435.2014.952845.

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Khan, Tania Ali. "Impact of English Language Imperialism on Pakistani Learners’ Psychology." Journal of Communication and Cultural Trends 5, no. 2 (2023): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jcct.52.02.

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In the course of the past few years, English language has acquired uncommon consideration in Pakistan. In the progression of this momentum, students have embarked on learning and communicating in English at the cost of dismissing their native language, that is, Urdu. The current study attempted to discuss the dominance of English language and its consequences on the psychology of learners. This study addressed the question of whether students perceive English language imperialism as a threat to their national language, Urdu. The current study is quantitative in nature. A sample size comprising

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Welstead, Mary. "Re SA (Vulnerable Adult with Capacity: Marriage) ([2006] 1 FLR 867)." Denning Law Journal 19, no. 1 (2012): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v19i1.386.

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VULNERABLE ADULTS: THE INHERENT JURISDICTION AND THE RIGHT TO MARRYMs SA was an eighteen year-old deaf and mute young woman. She had minimal sight in one eye, the intellectual capacity of an early teenager, and the reading age of a seven year-old. Her family (mother, father and three brothers) came from a Pakistani Muslim background; they spoke primarily Urdu and Punjabi. Ms SA was neither able to lip-read nor understand either of these languages; her only means of communication was through British Sign Language (BSL) which she had learned in a specialist educational unit for deaf children. No

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Mujeeb, Amenah Abdul, Ali Haider Khan, Sindhu Khalid, Muhammad Shaheer Mirza, and Saad Jawaid Khan. "A neural-network based web application on real-time recognition of Pakistani sign language." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 135 (September 2024): 108761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.108761.

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Ahmed, Fasih, Muhammad Mubeen, and Muhammad Nawaz. "Framing South Asian politics: An analysis of Indian and Pakistani English print media discourses regarding Kartarpur corridor." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): e0264115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264115.

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This paper aims to analyze the divergent perspectives of Indian and Pakistani English print media on opening the Kartarpur corridor. It is a four-kilometer-long cordoned-off strip from the Indo-Pak international border to the Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur located in Pakistan. The basic purpose of establishing this corridor is to give easy access to the Indian Sikh community. The initiative was taken into account in August 2018, which resulted in the appearance of a vast quantity of contemplations in the national print media of both countries, especially until the opening of the corridor in N

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Shahzad, Syed Khuram, Javed Hussain, Samina Sarwat, Amna Ghulam Nabi, and M. Mumtaz Ahmed. "Linguistic Landscape in Promotion of Language Through Traffic Signboards: An Introduction to the Signs in Pakistani Roads and Highways." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 6 (2020): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n6p287.

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This present research is about how the linguistic landscape brings about the promotion of language and public awareness. The linguistic landscape is a sociolinguistic phenomenon that is used for the promotion of language and culture as well. Linguistic landscape can be seen everywhere in the society as in advertisement billboards, traffic signboards, public awareness messages on the signboards, buildings, shopping centers, airports, etc. This study covers the dimension of traffic signboards and how they are consciously or unconsciously are promoting the language in Pakistan, especially the Urd

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Mahmood, Anser, Ghulam Hafsa, Irum Zahra, and Maha Tallat. "A sociolinguistic study: a contrastive analysis of the advertisements of private and public institutions in Pakistan." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 5, no. 1 (2014): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v5i1.5197.

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It is a qualitative study and aims at providing an in depth analysis of promotional discourse in academic settings, with the focus on the analysis of powerful and hegemonic use of language to publicize, persuade and to hit specific audience, who aspire high to become iconic managers in competitive economic world. Â Furthermore, the analysis of interdiscursivity as a sign of social change and transitional period. In order to analyze the commercialization of academic discourse of private intuitions of Pakistan, the contrastive analysis, of the advertisements of a private and a public insti

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Syed, Khuram Shahzad. "Symbolic investigation in the Movie "The Donkey King": A Semiotic Analysis." Journal of Academic Research for Humanities Vol.3, Issue 1 (2023): 1 0f 1O. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8242847.

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<em>As signs, semiotics, cultural society, and common occurrences are examined. Semiotic analysis is primarily used to investigate, comprehend, and translate signs and the interaction between signs and sign systems. This study seeks to identify the symbols in the motion picture "The Donkey King" through semiotic analysis. Ogden and Richard's Theory of Meaning" is applied to the film "The Donkey King" to comprehend the symbols more deeply. The study is going to find out the symbols in the movie “The Donkey King” while keeping the Pakistani context in min

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Mahmood, Rana Arsal, Haseeb Ahmad, Qurat-ul Ann, and Muhammad Usman Ashraf. "PakParse: Machine Translation from Text to Pakistan Sign Language for Effective Communication with Deaf People." Applied and Computational Engineering 2, no. 1 (2023): 482–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2/20220568.

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The People around the world use different languages to communicate with each other. But there are many individuals who cant listen or speak. These people use gesture-based language for their communication which is called Sign Language. There is no universal Sign Language in world so it changes region wise. As Sign language cant be written and sign video approach is also expensive (in terms of create, store and manage), thats why sign animation through 3D avatar is best option. Recently Pakistan got its own Sign Language called Pakistan Sign Language (PSL). As a noteworthy population of deaf pe

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Ahmed, Saad, Hasnain Shafiq, Yamna Raheel, Noor Chishti, and Syed Muhammad Asad. "Pakistan sign language to Urdu translator using Kinect." Computer Science and Information Technologies 3, no. 3 (2022): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/csit.v3i3.p186-193.

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The lack of a standardized sign language, and the inability to communicate with the hearing community through sign language, are the two major issues confronting Pakistan's deaf and dumb society. In this research, we have proposed an approach to help eradicate one of the issues. Now, using the proposed framework, the deaf community can communicate with normal people. The purpose of this work is to reduce the struggles of hearing-impaired people in Pakistan. A Kinect-based Pakistan sign language (PSL) to Urdu language translator is being developed to accomplish this. The system’s dynamic sign l

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Saad Ahmed, Hasnain Shafiq, Yamna Raheel, Noor Chishti, and Syed Muhammad Asad. "Pakistan sign language to Urdu translator using Kinect." Computer Science and Information Technologies 3, no. 3 (2022): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/csit.v3i3.pp186-193.

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The lack of a standardized sign language, and the inability to communicate with the hearing community through sign language, are the two major issues confronting Pakistan's deaf and dumb society. In this research, we have proposed an approach to help eradicate one of the issues. Now, using the proposed framework, the deaf community can communicate with normal people. The purpose of this work is to reduce the struggles of hearing-impaired people in Pakistan. A Kinect-based Pakistan sign language (PSL) to Urdu language translator is being developed to accomplish this. The system’s dynamic sign l

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Zeshan, Ulrike. "Aspects of Pakistan Sign Language." Sign Language Studies 1092, no. 1 (1996): 253–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.1996.0015.

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Alvi, Ifrah Khalid. "The Indo-Afghan Nexus and its Implications for Pakistan from 2001 to 2014." Summer 2023 3, no. 3 (2023): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i3.386.

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India and Pakistan have been colonized at different times, but Afghanistan has never been colonized. The people of Afghanistan have always had friendly ties with the people of the United Subcontinent. However, the development of a new country called Pakistan was seen as both a threat and a way for the people of Afghanistan and India to become less connected to each other historically. The friendship pact of 1950 strengthened the relationship between India and Afghanistan. In fact, Afghanistan was the only country that voted against Pakistan's membership in the UN. Pakistan and Afghanistan have

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Shah, Farman, Muhammad Saqlain Shah, Waseem Akram, Awais Manzoor, Rasha Orban Mahmoud, and Diaa Salama Abdelminaam. "Sign Language Recognition Using Multiple Kernel Learning: A Case Study of Pakistan Sign Language." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 67548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3077386.

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Saad, Ahmed, Shafiq Hasnain, Raheel Yamna, Chishti Noor, and Muhammad Asad Syed. "Pakistan sign language to Urdu translator using Kinect." Computer Science and Information Technologies 3, no. 3 (2022): 186–93. https://doi.org/10.11591/csit.v3i3.pp186-193.

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The lack of a standardized sign language, and the inability to communicate with the hearing community through sign language, are the two major issues confronting Pakistan's deaf and dumb society. In this research, we have proposed an approach to help eradicate one of the issues. Now, using the proposed framework, the deaf community can communicate with normal people. The purpose of this work is to reduce the struggles of hearingimpaired people in Pakistan. A Kinect-based Pakistan sign language (PSL) to Urdu language translator is being developed to accomplish this. The system’s dynam

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Hassan, Bilal, Muhammad Shoaib Farooq, Adnan Abid, and Nabeel Sabir. "Pakistan Sign Language: Computer Vision Analysis & Recommendations." VFAST Transactions on Software Engineering 9, no. 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21015/vtse.v9i1.386.

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Vasishta, Madan. "Sign Language in Indo-Pakistan: A Description of a Signed Language." Sign Language Studies 2, no. 3 (2002): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.2002.0014.

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Bowern, Claire. "Sign Language in Indo-Pakistan: A Description of a Signed Language (review)." Language 78, no. 4 (2002): 807–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2003.0006.

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Tayyaba Anwar, Shumaila Ahmad. "CHALLENGES FACED BY SIGN LANGUAGE INTERPRETERS IN CLASSROOM: A CASE STUDY OF PSL LEARNERS BY USING MAXQDA." Al-Aasar 2, no. 3 (2025): 36–47. https://doi.org/10.63878/aaj557.

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This study highlights the challenges faced by sign language interpreters while handling hearing impaired Pakistan Sign Language learners in classroom. Sign language interpreters facilitate the communication between hearing impaired individuals and course instructors in classroom. According to Linguistic Society of America (2002), It is highly required for interpreters to have linguistic experience as well as certain knowledge of content they are interpreting. It also emphasizes that they have enough time to analyze handouts before meeting hearing impaired students. They need to pay close atten

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Kausar, Sumaira, M. Younus Javed, Samabia Tehsin, and Almas Anjum. "A Novel Mathematical Modeling and Parameterization for Sign Language Classification." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 30, no. 05 (2016): 1650009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001416500099.

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Sign language recognition (SLR) has got wide applicability. SLR system is considered to be a challenging one. This paper presents empirical analysis of different mathematical models for Pakistan SLR (PSLR). The proposed method is using the parameterization of sign signature. Each sign is represented with a mathematical function and then coefficients of these functions are used as the feature vector. This approach is based on exhaustive experimentation and analysis for getting the best suitable mathematical representation for each sign. This extensive empirical analysis, results in a very small

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Woodward, James. "The Relationship of Sign Language Varieties in India, Pakistan, & Nepal." Sign Language Studies 1078, no. 1 (1993): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.1993.0010.

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Dewani, Amirita, Sania Bhatti, Mohsin Ali Memon, Wajiha Arain Arif, Quratulain Arain, and Sayyid Batool Zehra. "Sign Language e-Learning system for hearing-impaired community of Pakistan." International Journal of Information Technology 10, no. 2 (2018): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41870-018-0105-4.

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Nasim, Sharoon Nasim, Sidra Minhas, and Nosheen Sabahat. "AN AUTOMATED APPROACH FOR TRANSLATING ENGLISH TEXT TO PAKISTAN SIGN LANGUAGE." Pakistan Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 2 (2024): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.57041/pjosr.v3i2.1021.

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In Pakistan, the population of hearing-disabled children is on the rise. Unfortunately, the literacy rate of this population is far less than their counterpart peers due to a lack of knowledge and scarcity of resources for Pakistan Sign Language (PSL). However, the availability of an electronic repository of PSL (www.psl.org.pk) has opened new horizons for the well-being of the hearing-impaired population of Pakistan. In this work, we aim to propose a standardized system that focuses on converting written English sentences into PSL to enhance the readability and understanding of an internation

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Meir, Irit. "Review of Zeshan (2000): Sign Language in Indo-Pakistan: A Description of a Signed Language." Sign Language and Linguistics 3, no. 2 (2000): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.3.2.10mei.

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Abbas, Ali, and Summaira Sarfraz. "Developing a Prototype to Translate Text and Speech to Pakistan Sign Language With Bilingual Subtitles: A Framework." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 47, no. 2 (2018): 248–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047239518794168.

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The purpose of the study is to provide a literature review of the work done on sign language (SL) around the world and in Pakistan and to develop a translation tool of speech and text to Pakistan Sign Language (PSL) with bilingual subtitles. Information and communication technology and tools development for teaching and learning purposes improve the learning process and facilitate both teachers and students. In Pakistan, unimpaired people face a lot of problems to communicate with deaf people due to the lack of SL understanding, learning resources, and interpreters. This problem is faced by th

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Abbasi, Kaneez Zainab, Abdul Khalique Maitlo, Sila Zubair, Kainat Khero, and Shazimna Khan. "An Efficient System for Urdu Sign Language Recognition using Support Vector Machine(SVM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Ensemble Machine Learning (EML)." VFAST Transactions on Software Engineering 13, no. 1 (2025): 141–52. https://doi.org/10.21015/vtse.v13i1.1818.

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Sign language has significant problems in the everyday life of deaf and hard-of-hearing people. We have used a Support Vector Machine (SVM), a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and an Ensemble Machine Learning (EML) model that combines their outputs as our machine-learning technique. We seek to design a USL recognition system that will address communication gaps. Firstly, we reviewed the “Dataset of Pakistan Sign Language and Automatic Recognition of Hand Configuration of Urdu Alphabet, through Machine Learning”. The dataset has various characteristics, such as image quality, size, and class

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Khan, Talha, Shaheer Ahmed, Syed Safdar Ali Rizvi, Sadique Ahmad, and Nitasha Khan. "Electromyography based Gesture Recognition: An Implementation of Hand Gesture Analysis Using Sensors." Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology 12, no. 1 (2022): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.424.

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Motion sign-based language has an important role in the mute community, that is for data transmission. Usually, silent and dumb people counter very difficult situations to convey information to normal people. This paper proposes research that can ease the life of the deaf community. The work presented in this paper is a communication bridge between normal-hearing persons and persons with less hearing ability or impaired persons. The proposed research ‘Gesture–Talk’ can be used as an interpreter between any normal person and deaf and mute persons. The Gesture–Talk is based on the language used

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Saqlain Shah, Syed Muhammad, Husnain Abbas Naqvi, Javed I. Khan, Muhammad Ramzan, Zulqarnain, and Hikmat Ullah Khan. "Shape Based Pakistan Sign Language Categorization Using Statistical Features and Support Vector Machines." IEEE Access 6 (2018): 59242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2872670.

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Khan, Nabeel Sabir, Adnan Abid, and Kamran Abid. "A Novel Natural Language Processing (NLP)–Based Machine Translation Model for English to Pakistan Sign Language Translation." Cognitive Computation 12, no. 4 (2020): 748–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12559-020-09731-7.

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Zahid, Hira, Sidra Abid Syed, Munaf Rashid, et al. "A Computer Vision-Based System for Recognition and Classification of Urdu Sign Language Dataset for Differently Abled People Using Artificial Intelligence." Mobile Information Systems 2023 (June 26, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1060135.

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Communication between normal people and deaf people is the most difficult part of daily life worldwide. It is difficult for a normal person to understand a word from the deaf one in their daily routine. So, to communicate with deaf people, different countries developed different sign languages to make communication easy. In Pakistan, for deaf people, the government developed Urdu Sign Language to communicate with deaf people. Physical trainers and experts are difficult to provide everywhere in society, so we need such a computer/mobile-based system to convert the deaf sign symbol into voice an

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Vardhan, Raja Prabuddha. "Kashmir problem and United Nations." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 9, no. 4 (2024): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2024.v09.n04.031.

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India was partitioned on the basis of the two-nation theory of the Muslim League, which led to the formation of two separate states, India and Pakistan. In the Indian Independence Act 1947, it was provided that any princely state can join any state, India or Pakistan, on its own. But there was a delay in taking the decision by the King of Kashmir, Hari Singh. Due to this, Pakistan does not accept the merger of Kashmir with India and claims that Kashmir was pressurized to sign the merger document. This led to a dispute between India and Pakistan. India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru be

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Hameed, Aqeel ur Rehman, and Nasir Sulman. "Investigating the Status of Sign Language and its Interpretation in Communication Process: A Case of School-Going Deaf Children in Pakistan." Academy of Education and Social Sciences Review 3, no. 2 (2023): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.48112/aessr.v3i2.497.

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This study was conducted from January to July 2022 in fifteen special education schools for children with hearing impairment located in the city of Karachi. The study focused on challenges faced by Sign Language Interpreters within the school environment. Strategies to counter challenges were identified. Through interviews, observation, and communication analysis, interpreting strategies and motivation were discussed. Additional information was gathered from teachers, Deaf and hearing children on attitudes, relationships, and interpreter competence. Detailed interviews with participants about

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Imran, Ali, Abdul Razzaq, Irfan Ahmad Baig, Aamir Hussain, Sharaiz Shahid, and Tausif-ur Rehman. "Dataset of Pakistan Sign Language and Automatic Recognition of Hand Configuration of Urdu Alphabet through Machine Learning." Data in Brief 36 (June 2021): 107021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107021.

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Lau, Ethan. "Advancements in Neural Machine Translation: Methodological Innovations and Empirical Insights for Cross-Linguistic Discourse Preservation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (2024): 5767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.61039.

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Abstract: Natural Language Processing (NLP), in the form recognizable today, really began to take hold in the 1980s, when machine learning helped propel it to soaring heights. However, due to a lack of processing power, machine learning, and to an extent, NLP, started slowing down in innovation and ideas and had almost ground to a relative halt, until the last decade, when a sudden increase in both productivity and interest in the machine learning helped increase the amount of knowledge in the space itself. This review provides several different case studies using different methodologies. The

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Parvez, Komal, Muzafar Khan, Javed Iqbal, et al. "Measuring Effectiveness of Mobile Application in Learning Basic Mathematical Concepts Using Sign Language." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (2019): 3064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113064.

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Technology plays an important role in our society, especially in the field of education. It is quite regrettable that people, particularly the deaf, still face a lot of challenges in acquiring an education. Their learning methods are different as compared to hearing people. They use Sign Language (SL) rather than natural language to communicate and learn. They are required to put a lot of effort into learning different concepts using conventional pedagogies. Therefore, there is a dire need for some assistive technology to improve their learn-ability and understandability. In the present study,

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Muntaha Ahmad, Ghulam Fatima, and Misbah Malik. "Role of Mobile Technology in Vocabulary Development of Students with Hearing Impairment." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 7, no. 1 (2021): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v7i1.1560.

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The purpose of this quantitative research was to identify the role of mobile technology in the vocabulary development of students with hearing impairment. The population of study involved students with hearing impairment from schools in Lahore. A sample of 80 students studying at National Special Education Center, Johar Town Lahore, and Govt. Degree College of Special Education, Lahore was selected studying from 7th grade to bachelors. A self-developed and validated questionnaire was used to elicit students` responses on the usage of mobile technology in the aspect of reading, writing, social

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Sangah, Abdul Basit, Shazia Saleem Shaikh, and Muhammad Zain Khalid. "Lost in translation: the need for qualified medical interpreters." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 74, no. 9 (2024): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.20164.

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Dear Editor, Pakistan is home to various cultures and varied languages. We are writing this letter to share our insights and to emphasize the essential need for highly trained medical interpreters in Pakistan's healthcare system, particularly in different urban locations like Karachi. As a multilingual city with many immigrants and visitors from other provinces and countries, efficient communication is vital for outstanding service. However, we have noticed in the public and private Outpatient Departments (OPDs) that hospital-appointed interpreters frequently lack the information, training, an

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Marti Bonany, J., G. De Iturbe Catania, R. Romar Navia, et al. "Bipolar disorder, Deafness and Culturality in Psychiatric Home Hospitalization: A Clinical Case." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (2024): S435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.901.

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IntroductionMental health in the deaf community is a complex issue. Challenges in diagnosis and treatment arise from a lack of experienced interpreters and difficulties in translating Sign Language to spoken language. Deaf individuals, due to auditory limitations, are more vulnerable to abuse, increasing their risk of mental health disorders, including bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). BPAD is a prevalent, debilitating condition with varied prevalence estimates. Managing it is tough due to its lifelong, unpredictable nature. A new approach called Psychiatric Home Hospitalization Unit aims to

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Khaliq, Khurram, Maliha Riaz, and Shazia Anwar. "Enhancing Digital Skills for the Deaf in Lahore: A Study of Training Program Effectiveness." Global Educational Studies Review VIII, no. II (2023): 598–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2023(viii-ii).54.

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This research aimed to explore the effectiveness of computer courses offered in different vocational institutes as perceived by persons with hearing impairment (PWHI). The research utilized a quantitative paradigm with a descriptive design. The target population comprised PWHI who had undertaken computer training. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from 180 PWHI enrolled in computer courses across four institutions in Lahore, Pakistan. SPSS software-enabled analysis of the data using frequency distributions for demographic information and respondent statements. Findings

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Emmett, Susan D., Chad K. Sudoko, Debara L. Tucci, et al. "Expanding Access: Cost-effectiveness of Cochlear Implantation and Deaf Education in Asia." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 161, no. 4 (2019): 672–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599819849917.

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Objective To determine the cost-effectiveness of cochlear implantation (CI) with mainstream education and deaf education with sign language for treatment of children with profound sensorineural hearing loss in low- and lower-middle income countries in Asia. Study Design Cost-effectiveness analysis. Setting Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, and Sri Lanka participated in the study. Subjects and Methods Costs were obtained from experts in each country with known costs and published data, with estimation when necessary. A disability-adjusted life-years model was

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Sahar, Namood-E., and Irum Naqvi. "Assessing Warning Signs of Relapse in Drug Addicts: Translation and Validation of AWARE Questionnaire." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 9 (2021): 2198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211592198.

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Aim: To translate and validate Advance Warning of Relapse (AWARE) Questionnaire in to Urdu language for assessing relapse among drug addicts of Pakistan. Methods: The research comprises of translation of AWARE, temporal validation of translated scale, and its construct validation. Two items (22, 28) were modified keeping structural and functional equivalence. Sample for validation was obtained from rehabilitation centers of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, with age ranging from 18-60 years (M=29.3; SD=8.2). Temporal validity was determined by test-retest reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA)

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Khan, Habib, Mirza Obaid Baig, Sumaiyah Obaid, and Muhammad Hamad Haleem. "PASHTO TRANSLATION, VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF LEEDS ASSESSMENT OF NEUROPATHIC SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS (LANSS) IN SPINAL CORD INJURY PATIENTS." Journal of Medical Sciences 32, no. 1 (2024): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52764/jms.24.32.1.10.

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Objective: The aim pf this study was to translate to translate English version of Leeds assessment of Neuropathic symptoms and signs (LANSS) pain scale into Pashto language and to determine the validity and reliability of Pashto version of LANSS pain scale in spinal cord injury patients. Material & Methods: LANSS was translated from original language into Pashto and then back translated to English. It was reviewed by ten physical therapy experts for face and content validity. The scores of the Pashto version of the LANSS were studied in a sample of 113 spinal cord injury patients having pa

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