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Journal articles on the topic 'Palau(Caroline Islands) – Micronesia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Coello de la Rosa, Alexandre. "Gathering Souls: Jesuit Missions and Missionaries in Oceania (1668–1945)." Brill Research Perspectives in Jesuit Studies 1, no. 2 (January 3, 2019): 1–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25897454-12340002.

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Abstract This article deals with the missionary work of the Society of Jesus in today’s Micronesia from the 17th to the 20th century. Although the Jesuit missionaries wanted to reach Japan and other Pacific islands, such as the Palau and Caroline archipelagos, the crown encouraged them to stay in the Marianas until 1769 (when the Society of Jesus was expelled from the Philippines) to evangelize the native Chamorros as well as to reinforce the Spanish presence on the fringes of the Pacific empire. In 1859, a group of Jesuit missionaries returned to the Philippines, but they never officially set foot on the Marianas during the nineteenth century. It was not until the twentieth century that they went back to Micronesia, taking charge of the mission on the Northern Marianas along with the Caroline and Marshall Islands, thus returning to one of the cradles of Jesuit martyrdom in Oceania.

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Weijola, Valter, Varpu Vahtera, André Koch, Andreas Schmitz, and Fred Kraus. "Taxonomy of Micronesian monitors (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanus ): endemic status of new species argues for caution in pursuing eradication plans." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 5 (May 2020): 200092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200092.

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In the light of recent phylogenetic studies, we re-assess the taxonomy and biogeography of the Varanus populations distributed in the Micronesian islands of Palau, the Western Carolines and the Marianas. Whether these populations are of natural origin or human introductions has long been contentious, but no study has fully resolved that question. Here, we present molecular and morphological evidence that monitor lizards of the Varanus indicus Group reached both Palau and the Mariana Islands sometime in the late Pleistocene and subsequently differentiated into two separate species endemic to each geographical region. One species is confined to the Mariana Islands, and for these populations, we revalidate the name V. tsukamotoi Kishida, 1929. The other species has a disjunct distribution in Palau, the Western Carolines and Sarigan Island in the Northern Marianas and is herein described as V. bennetti sp. nov. Both species are most closely allied to each other, V. lirungensis and V. rainerguentheri , suggesting that colonization of Micronesia took place from the Moluccas. We discuss the biogeographic distributions of both species in the light of the likely colonization mechanism and previous arguments for human introduction, and we argue that bounties for Palauan populations are ill-advised and plans for eradication of some other populations must first demonstrate that they are, in fact, introduced and not native.

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3

WYNN, ADDISON H., ROBERT P. REYNOLDS, DONALD W. BUDEN, MARJORIE FALANRUW, and BRIAN LYNCH. "The unexpected discovery of blind snakes (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) in Micronesia: two new species of Ramphotyphlops from the Caroline Islands." Zootaxa 3172, no. 1 (January 25, 2012): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3172.1.3.

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Two new blind snakes in the genus Ramphotyphlops are described from Ulithi (R. hatmaliyeb sp. nov.) and Ant Atoll (R.adocetus sp. nov.) in the Caroline Islands, the first blind snake species known from Micronesia east of Palau (excludingRamphotyphlops braminus). Both species are unusual in being known only from small, low-lying atolls. They can be dis-tinguished from other Ramphotyphlops by the combination of 22 scale rows over the length of the body; a wedge-shaped snout, without a keratinized keel; and a broad, pyriform (R. adocetus) or ovate (R. hatmaliyeb) rostral scale.

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4

Fitzpatrick, Scott M., and Jenna E. Boyle. "The Antiquity of Pearl Shell (Pinctada Sp.) Burial Artifacts in Palau, Western Micronesia." Radiocarbon 44, no. 3 (2002): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200032148.

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Pearl shell was an important and highly valued resource for producing tools and ornaments in Oceania. One pearl shell artifact type that is quite rare in Micronesia, however, is the crescent-shaped scraper/grater. These artifacts have recently been found in 2 burial caves in Palau, Western Caroline Islands, suggesting they may have played important social and symbolic roles in society. The first direct accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of this tool type, found in association with an in-situ female burial at the Chelechol ra Orrak site, provides a date of AD 150–270, while associated dates range from 770 BC–AD 180. These dates help contextualize human burials and associated artifacts from one of the earliest and most diverse burial sites in Austronesia.

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5

KARIN, BENJAMIN R., PAUL M. OLIVER, ALEXANDER L. STUBBS, UMILAELA ARIFIN, DJOKO T. ISKANDAR, EVY ARIDA, ZHENG OONG, et al. "Who’s your daddy? On the identity and distribution of the paternal hybrid ancestor of the parthenogenetic gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae)." Zootaxa 4999, no. 1 (July 8, 2021): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4999.1.6.

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The widespread parthenogenetic gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris is comprised of several clonal lineages, at least one of which has been known for some time to have originated from hybridization between its maternal ancestor, Lepidodactylus moestus, and a putatively undescribed paternal ancestor previously known only from remote islands in the Central Pacific. By integrating new genetic sequences from multiple studies on Lepidodactylus and incorporating new genetic sequences from previously sampled populations, we recovered a phylogenetic tree that shows a close genetic similarity between the generally hypothesized paternal hybrid ancestor and a recently described species from Maluku (Indonesia), Lepidodactylus pantai. Our results suggest that the paternal hybrid ancestor of at least one parthenogenetic clone of L. lugubris is conspecific with L. pantai and that the range of this species extends to Palau, the Caroline Islands, the Kei Islands, Wagabu, and potentially other small islands near New Guinea. Deeper genetic structure in the western (Palau, Maluku) versus eastern (eastern Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia) part of this species’ range suggests that the western populations likely dispersed via natural colonization, whereas the eastern populations may be the result of human-mediated dispersal. The potential taxonomic affinities and biogeographic history should be confirmed with further morphological and genetic analyses, including research on L. woodfordi from its type locality, which would have nomenclatural priority if found to be conspecific with L. pantai. We recommend referring to the wide-ranging sexual species as Lepidodactylus pantai until such a comparison can be made.

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6

Clark, Geoffrey, Atholl Anderson, and Duncan Wright. "Human Colonization of the Palau Islands, Western Micronesia." Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 1, no. 2 (December 2006): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564890600831705.

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7

Buden, Donald W., and Dennis R. Paulson. "Odonata of Yap, Western Caroline Islands, Micronesia." Pacific Science 61, no. 2 (April 2007): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2984/1534-6188(2007)61[267:ooywci]2.0.co;2.

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8

Fitzpatrick, Scott M. "Early human burials in the western Pacific: evidence for c.3000 year old occupation on Palau." Antiquity 77, no. 298 (December 2003): 719–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00061664.

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9

Hamner, William M., and Peggy P. Hamner. "STRATIFIED MARINE LAKES OF PALAU (WESTERN CAROLINE ISLANDS)." Physical Geography 19, no. 3 (May 1998): 175–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723646.1998.10642647.

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10

Paulson, Dennis R., and Donald W. Buden. "The Odonata of Pohnpei, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia." International Journal of Odonatology 6, no. 1 (January 2003): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2003.10510450.

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11

Buden, Donald W., and Jacqueline Y. Miller. "The Butterflies of Pohnpei, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia." Pacific Science 57, no. 1 (2003): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psc.2003.0003.

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12

Buden, Donald W., and Dennis R. Paulson. "The Odonata of Kosrae, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia." Pacific Science 57, no. 4 (2003): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psc.2003.0028.

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13

Duffels, J. P. "The eye-catching cicada Hamza ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1758) comb. n. in Indonesia and the Pacific: taxonomic status, synonymy, and distribution (Homoptera, Cicadoidea)." Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 61, no. 2 (1991): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660644-06102004.

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The new combination Hamza ciliaris (Linnaeus) is proposed for a cicada species widely distributed in Maluku ( = Moluccas), Timor, Banda, Kei and Banggai Islands, the Philippines, and the Palau group of the Caroline Islands.

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14

Raynor, Bill, Adelino Lorens, and Jackson Phillip. "Traditional yam cultivation on Pohnpei, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia." Economic Botany 46, no. 1 (January 1992): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02985251.

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15

Fitzpatrick, Scott M., and Osamu Kataoka. "Prehistoric fishing in Palau, Micronesia: evidence from the Northern Rock Islands." Archaeology in Oceania 40, no. 1 (April 2005): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2005.tb00574.x.

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16

Bruno, J., C. Siddon, J. Witman, P. Colin, and M. Toscano. "El Niño related coral bleaching in Palau, Western Caroline Islands." Coral Reefs 20, no. 2 (July 4, 2001): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003380100151.

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17

Poteate, Aaron S., Scott M. Fitzpatrick, William S. Ayres, and Adam Thompson. "First Radiocarbon Chronology for Mwoakilloa (Mokil) Atoll, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia." Radiocarbon 58, no. 1 (January 19, 2016): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2015.16.

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AbstractGiven their sheer number and evidence for long-term prehistoric occupation, atolls occupy a unique position in the peopling of the Pacific. However, they have frequently been overlooked in favor of larger islands due to a host of logistical and other issues. Once viewed as marginal environments, current research is now showing that small islands like these may have been more attractive to settlers than once thought. A new research program in Micronesia is dedicated to examining atolls to better develop baseline chronologies and investigate long-term human adaptations. As part of the initial stage of the project, we present the first radiocarbon dates (n=10) from Mwoakilloa (Mokil) atoll, which support a continuous occupation beginning between 1700–1560 cal BP (2σ). When compared to the settlement of other atoll groups in Micronesia such as the Marshall Islands—along with the nearby high volcanic islands of Pohnpei and Kosrae at approximately 2000–1800 yr ago—the dates from Mwoakilloa suggest a nearly contemporaneous or only slightly later occupation. The recovery of faunal material also demonstrates the translocation of at least two animals (Pacific rat and dog) to the island by humans that was coeval with early settlement. Additionally, there is evidence of landscape transformation in the form of a relatively large artificial mound created by debris and platform accumulation unseen elsewhere in central-eastern Micronesia, but common to atolls. These new dates reinforce the notion that Mwoakilloa and other atolls are integral to understanding prehistoric adaptations across the vast Pacific, though many questions still remain such as to the degree of interaction that occurred with nearby islands and whether settlement was continuous or intermittent through time.

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18

BALLANTYNE, LESLEY A., and CHRISTINE LAMBKIN. "Systematics of Indo-Pacific fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola Pic, and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)." Zootaxa 1997, no. 1 (February 4, 2009): 1–188. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1997.1.1.

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This major systematic revision of fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) concentrates on the genera related to Atyphella Olliff in the Luciolinae. Seven new genera and 19 new species are described, which with two exceptions occur in the area encompassed by Australia, the Republic of Palau, Federated States of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia (West Irian), Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji. Keys to the genera and subgenera of the Luciolinae are included. The revision is based upon a phylogenetic analysis of 343 morphological characters of males, females and larvae of 112 Luciolinae species, including the type species of the six genera and four subgenera of the Luciolinae sensu McDermott (1966). The genus Atyphella Olliff is redefined and redescribed from 23 species including 14 endemic Australian species, and nine species from the wider study area. A. leucura Olivier, A. scabra Olivier and A. testaceolineata Pic are redescribed. A. palauensis Wittmer is elevated to species level from A. carolinae palauensis Wittmer and redescribed. Aquilonia gen. n. is described for Aq. costata (Lea), transferred from Atyphella Olliff. Convexa gen. n. is described for C. wolfi (Olivier), transferred from Atyphella. Gilvainsula gen. n. includes the new species, G. similismessoria sp. n., and G. messoria (Olivier), transferred from Atyphella Olliff. Lloydiella gen. n. includes four species; Ll. majuscula (Lea) transferred from Atyphella, and three new species, Ll. japenensis sp. n., Ll. uberia sp. n., and Ll. wareo sp. n. Pygatyphella (Ballantyne) is elevated to generic status from Luciola (Pygatyphella) Ballantyne and redescribed from 22 species including ten new species Pygat. japenensis sp. n., Pygat. karimui sp. n., Pygat. kiunga sp. n., Pygat. limbatifusca sp. n., Pygat. nabiria sp. n., Pygat. okapa sp. n., Pygat. russellia sp. n., Pygat. tomba sp. n., Pygat. uberia sp. n., and Pygat. wisselmerenia sp. n., with uberia representing specimens known in previous analyses as ‘Sisiak’. Pygat. eliptaminensis (Ballantyne), Pygat. marginata (Ballantyne), Pygat. peculiaris (Olivier) and Pygat. pulcherrima (Ballantyne) are transferred from Luciola (Pygatyphella) Ballantyne. Pygat. tagensis (Ballantyne), Pygat. hounensis (Ballantyne), Pygat. obsoleta (Olivier), and Pygat. undulata (Pic) are transferred from Atyphella Olliff; Pygat. obsoleta is reassessed, geographic varieties are suggested, and the species redescribed from a greatly expanded number of specimens. Pygat. ignota (Olivier), Pygat. plagiata (Blanchard) and Pygat. salomonis (Olivier) are transferred from Luciola Laporte and redescribed. Pygat. limbatipennis (Pic) is transferred from Atyphella salomonis var limbatipennis Pic, and redescribed. Magnalata gen. n. is described for three species, M. rennellia sp. n., M. limbata (Blanchard) transferred from Luciola, and M. carolinae (Olivier) transferred from Atyphella. Missimia gen. n. is erected for a single species M. flavida sp. n. based on four specimens dealt with in previous phylogenetic analyses as ‘Mt Missim’. Photuroluciola Pic is elevated to generic status from Luciola (Photuroluciola) Pic and redescribed from its single species Photuro. deplanata Pic. Asymmetricata gen. n. is erected for two SE Asian species As. ovalis (Hope) and As. circumdata (Motsch.), both transferred from Luciola and redescribed. Where available, females are associated and are characterised briefly. A. testaceolineata, M. limbata, Pygat. huonensis, Pygat. limbatipennis, Pygat. peculiaris, and Pygat. uberia sp. n. are identified by light patterns. Discussion addresses: the interpretation of female aptery, the extent of the labrum, numbering of abdominal segments using actual segment number, and use of the term ventrite to reflect visible abdominal sternites. Functional morphology of many terminal abdomen modifications is addressed as is the range and nature of colour patterns. Determination of polarity in various states of bipartite light organs is overviewed, as are problems with the homology of characters, and difficulties in interpretation of characters in soft bodied insects especially those preserved in ethanol.

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19

Lorence, David H., and Kenneth R. Wood. "Psychotria kosraensis(Rubiaceae), a New Species from Kosrae, Caroline Islands, Micronesia." Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 22, no. 1 (July 10, 2012): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2011048.

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20

Paulson, Dennis R. "Teinobasis budenisp. nov. from Pohnpei, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)." International Journal of Odonatology 6, no. 1 (January 2003): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2003.10510449.

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21

Buden, Donald W., D. Brian Lynch, and George R. Zug. "Recent Records of Exotic Reptiles on Pohnpei, Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia." Pacific Science 55, no. 1 (2001): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psc.2001.0003.

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22

Buden, Donald W., Donald P. Sands, and John (W John) Tennent. "New Records of Butterflies (Lepidoptera) from the Eastern Caroline Islands, Micronesia." Pacific Science 59, no. 1 (2005): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psc.2005.0003.

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23

Villagomez, JT. "AIDS in the Pacific." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 2, no. 4 (October 1988): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053958800200403.

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This article summarises current AIDS and HIV infection epidemiology, population risk behaviour factors, local public health and governmental responses to AIDS and cooperative strategic plans for a Pacific “War on AIDS” among the United States Public Health Service and the Pacific jurisdiction public health agencies. The Pacific Island Health Officers Association is comprised of the Republic of Palau, the Government of Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, American Samoa and the State of Hawaii.

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24

McPherson, Diana L., Kautchang Vince Blaiyok, and W. Bruce Masse. "Lethal Ramming of Sharks by Large Jacks (Carangidae) in the Palau Islands, Micronesia." Pacific Science 66, no. 3 (July 2012): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2984/66.3.6.

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25

Setyastuti, Ana. "THE FIRST RECORD OF Holothuria (Semperothuria) Roseomaculata KERR, 2013 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) IN INDONESIA." Marine Research in Indonesia 43, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v43i1.284.

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This paper documents the first record of Holothuria (Semperothuria) roseomaculata Kerr, 2013 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Indonesia. A freshly salted specimen was collected from fishers in Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This species was previously recorded from Yap and Chuuk States in the Federated States of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Palau, Okinawa-Japan, Sabah, Borneo-Malaysia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia. Reference material has been deposited in the Reference Collection of the Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences in Jakarta, Indonesia.

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26

Immordino, Francesco, Mattia Barsanti, Elena Candigliota, Silvia Cocito, Ivana Delbono, and Andrea Peirano. "Application of Sentinel-2 Multispectral Data for Habitat Mapping of Pacific Islands: Palau Republic (Micronesia, Pacific Ocean)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 9 (September 12, 2019): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7090316.

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Sustainable and ecosystem-based marine spatial planning is a priority of Pacific Island countries basing their economy on marine resources. The urgency of management coral reef systems and associated coastal environments, threatened by the effects of climate change, require a detailed habitat mapping of the present status and a future monitoring of changes over time. Here, we present a remote sensing study using free available Sentinel-2 imagery for mapping at large scale the most sensible and high value habitats (corals, seagrasses, mangroves) of Palau Republic (Micronesia, Pacific Ocean), carried out without any sea truth validation. Remote sensing ‘supervised’ and ‘unsupervised’ classification methods applied to 2017 Sentinel-2 imagery with 10 m resolution together with comparisons with free ancillary data on web platform and available scientific literature were used to map mangrove, coral, and seagrass communities in the Palau Archipelago. This paper addresses the challenge of multispectral benthic mapping estimation using commercial software for preprocessing steps (ERDAS ATCOR) and for benthic classification (ENVI) on the base of satellite image analysis. The accuracy of the methods was tested comparing results with reference NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA) habitat maps achieved through Ikonos and Quickbird imagery interpretation and sea-truth validations. Results showed how the proposed approach allowed an overall good classification of marine habitats, namely a good concordance of mangroves cover around Palau Archipelago with previous literature and a good identification of coastal habitats in two sites (barrier reef and coastal reef) with an accuracy of 39.8–56.8%, suitable for survey and monitoring of most sensible habitats in tropical remote islands.

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27

Rainbird, Paul. "Deleuze, Turmeric and Palau: rhizome thinking and rhizome use in the Caroline Islands." Journal de la société des océanistes, no. 112 (June 1, 2001): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/jso.1653.

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28

PYLE, RICHARD L., JOHN L. EARLE, and BRIAN D. GREENE. "Five new species of the damselfish genus Chromis (Perciformes: Labroidei: Pomacentridae) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western Pacific." Zootaxa 1671, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1671.1.2.

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Five new species of the damselfish genus Chromis 2 (Perciformes 3 : Labroidei 4 : Pomacentridae 5 ) are described from specimens collected from deep (>60 m) coral-reef habitat in the western Pacific by divers using mixed-gas closed-circuit rebreather gear. Two of the five new species (C. abyssus and C. circumaurea) are each described from specimens taken at a single locality within the Caroline Islands (Palau and Yap, respectively); one (C. degruyi) is described from specimens collected or observed throughout the Caroline Islands, and two (C. brevirostris and C. earina) are described from specimens collected from several localities throughout the Caroline Islands, Fiji, and Vanuatu. All five species can easily be distinguished from other known Chromis, and from each other, on the basis of color and morphology. These new species represent the first five scientific names prospectively registered in the official ICZN ZooBank registry 6 . Moreover, the electronic online edition of this document has been specially formatted with many embedded links to additional resources available online via the internet to enhance access to taxonomically-relevant information, and as a demonstration of the utility of international standards for biodiversity informatics.

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29

Haston, R., M. Fuller, and E. Schmidtke. "Paleomagnetic results from Palau, West Caroline Islands: A constraint on Philippine Sea plate motion." Geology 16, no. 7 (1988): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0654:prfpwc>2.3.co;2.

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30

Suzuki, Taku. "Diasporic Identity and Mourning: Commemorative Practices among Okinawan Repatriates from Colonial Micronesia." PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies 16, no. 1-2 (November 13, 2019): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pjmis.v16i1-2.6276.

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Could colonial settlers who repatriated from colonies to metropole after the empire’s fall be considered ‘diaspora’? How do these migrants of decolonization maintain their collective memory of the past and solidary identity as a group? This article explores the historical experiences of Okinawan colonial migrants to Japanese mandate Micronesia (which includes the Northern Marianas, Palau, and Chuuk) and these migrants’ forced repatriation to Okinawa after the devastating battles in the Western Pacific in 1944–45. It also ethnographically examines the Okinawan repatriates’ pilgrimages to the islands throughout the post-WWII years to visit their childhood homes and locations of their loved ones’ deaths. These Okinawan repatriates, who had been twice-displaced in their lifetimes and survived the brutal war, continue to visit the islands to reminisce about their childhood and pray for the loved ones who had died on the islands. This article argues that such migrants of decolonization could not only be considered a diasporic group but also a group who retain a strong sense of solidarity and collective memory. Further, this article claims that formal and informal ritualistic practices, such as those ethnographically portrayed in this essay, play a pivotal role in creating and recreating collective memory and identity among the migrants of decolonization as a diaspora.

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31

KIRCHMAN, JEREMY J., and DAVID W. STEADMAN. "Rails (Rallidae: Gallirallus) from prehistoric archaeological sites in Western Oceania." Zootaxa 1316, no. 1 (September 18, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1316.1.1.

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We evaluate the species-level systematics of 1336 bones of Gallirallus (Aves: Rallidae) from Pleistocene and Holocene archaeological sites in the Mariana Islands (Micronesia) and the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands (Melanesia) and describe four new species. In the Marianas, sites on Rota, Aguiguan, Tinian, and Saipan have yielded 15, 219, 1047, and 16 bones, respectively, that we refer to Gallirallus. We describe the bones from three islands as the new species G. temptatus (Rota), G. pisonii (Aguiguan), and G. pendiculentus (Tinian). Each species is presumed endemic to each island and probably evolved from colonizations by extant, volant G. philippensis. They vary in the reduction of pectoral and wing elements relative to leg elements, and thus in their degree of flightlessness. The limited material from Saipan we cannot distinguish reliably from that of G. philippensis, which is widespread in Melanesia and Polynesia but occurs today in Micronesia only on Palau. Twenty-one fragmentary bones of Gallirallus from four Pleistocene cave sites on New Ireland (Bismarcks) are described as a new, possibly flightless species, G. ernstmayri. One Pleistocene cave site on Buka (Solomons) revealed 18 specimens that we refer to Gallirallus woodfordi and G. rovianae, which occur today in the Solomons. These descriptions of rail bones from Western Oceania bring the total number of fossil (prehistorically extinct) Gallirallus species to eleven.

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32

Aime, M. Catherine, Teeratas Kijpornyongpan, Mehrdad Abbasi, Kenneth R. Wood, and Tim Flynn. "A new species of Cintractiella (Ustilaginales) from the volcanic island of Kosrae, Caroline Islands, Micronesia." MycoKeys 42 (November 6, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.42.27231.

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Cintractiella is an unusual genus of smut fungi containing two described species that produce sori as adventitious gall-like spikelets on members of tribe Hypolytreae (subfam. Mapanioideae, Cyperaceae). In September 200, during a botanical expedition on the volcanic island of Kosrae located in the eastern Caroline Islands and within the Federated States of Micronesia, a specimen of Mapaniapacifica was collected displaying Cintractiella-like sori in adventitious spikelets on the host leaves. Sori were hypophyllous, occurring in groups of spikelets composed of olivaceous-brown scale-like leaves, 1–1.5 mm wide and up to 6 mm long. Microscopic comparison with the protologue and drawings of the type material of C.lamii show several differences in teliospore and sori characters between it and the newly collected material on Mapania. To our knowledge, this represents only the second known collection of any member of Cintractiella on vegetative organs of Hypolytreae and a third species for this genus and the only known smut species infecting Mapania, herein described as Cintractiellakosraensissp. nov.

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Buden, Donald W., D. Brian Lynch, J. W. (John W. ). Short, and Trina Leberer. "Decapod Crustaceans of the Headwater Streams of Pohnpei, Eastern Caroline Islands, Federated States of Micronesia." Pacific Science 55, no. 3 (2001): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psc.2001.0019.

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Fitzpatrick, Scott M., and Christina M. Giovas. "Tropical islands of the Anthropocene: Deep histories of anthropogenic terrestrial–marine entanglement in the Pacific and Caribbean." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 40 (September 27, 2021): e2022209118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022209118.

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Islands are useful model systems for examining human–environmental interactions. While many anthropogenic effects visible in the archaeological and paleoecological records are terrestrial in nature (e.g., clearance of tropical forests for agriculture and settlement; introduction of nonnative flora and fauna), native peoples also relied heavily on marine environments for their subsistence and livelihood. Here we use two island case studies—Palau (Micronesia) and the Lesser Antilles (Caribbean)—and approach their long-term settlement history through a “ridge-to-reef” perspective to assess the role that human activity played in land- and seascape change over deep time. In particular, we examine the entanglement of terrestrial and marine ecosystems resulting from anthropogenic effects and cultural responses to socio-environmental feedback. We suggest that on the humanized tropical islands of the Anthropocene, mangroves, near shore and littoral areas, and coral reefs were major sites of terrestrial–marine interface chronicling and modulating anthropogenic effects.

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Aldrich, Robert. "The Decolonisation of the Pacific Islands." Itinerario 24, no. 3-4 (November 2000): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300014558.

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At the end of the Second World War, the islands of Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia were all under foreign control. The Netherlands retained West New Guinea even while control of the rest of the Dutch East Indies slipped away, while on the other side of the South Pacific, Chile held Easter Island. Pitcairn, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Fiji and the Solomon Islands comprised Britain's Oceanic empire, in addition to informal overlordship of Tonga. France claimed New Caledonia, the French Establishments in Oceania (soon renamed French Polynesia) and Wallis and Futuna. The New Hebrides remained an Anglo-French condominium; Britain, Australia and New Zealand jointly administered Nauru. The United States' territories included older possessions – the Hawaiian islands, American Samoa and Guam – and the former Japanese colonies of the Northern Marianas, Mar-shall Islands and Caroline Islands administered as a United Nations trust territory. Australia controlled Papua and New Guinea (PNG), as well as islands in the Torres Strait and Norfolk Island; New Zealand had Western Samoa, the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau. No island group in Oceania, other than New Zealand, was independent.

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Rundell, Rebecca J. "Cryptic diversity, molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the rock- and leaf litter-dwelling land snails of Belau (Republic of Palau, Oceania)." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1508 (September 2, 2008): 3401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0110.

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The endemic diplommatinid land snails (Caenogastropoda: Mollusca) of Belau (Republic of Palau, Micronesia) are an exceptionally diverse group of largely undescribed species distributed among rock and leaf litter habitats on most of Belau's 586 islands. Diplommatinid shell morphology (e.g. shell sculpture) reflects habitat type. In this study, I analysed a subset of the 90 diplommatinid species representing a broad geographical spread of islands in order to reveal the species' phylogenetic relationships and biogeography within the Belau archipelago. Diplommatinid species from the islands of Yap, Pohnpei, Kosrae and Guam are also included in the analysis. One nuclear (28S rRNA) and two mitochondrial (16S rRNA, COI) gene regions comprising 1906 bp were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. Results show that (i) the Belau Diplommatinidae are not monophyletic, as Guam and Yap species should be included as part of the radiation, (ii) Pohnpei and Kosrae species are highly divergent from Belau diplommatinids, (iii) there is little evidence for in situ radiation within individual Belau islands, (iv) spined and heavily calcified rock-dwelling species form a well-supported clade, and (v) Belau diplommatinid genera are in need of revision.

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37

Park, Mijung. "A Brief Review of Mental Health Issues among Asian and Pacific Islander Communities in the U.S." Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal 5, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31372/20200504.1124.

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The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief summary of mental health issues among Asian and Pacific Islander (API) communities in the U.S. APIs include individuals from Far East Asia (e.g., Korea, China), Central Asia (e.g., Afghanistan, Uzbekistan), South Asia (e.g., India, Pakistan), South East Asia (e.g., Thailand, Philippines), Western Asia (e.g., Iran, Saudi Arabia), and Pacific islands (e.g., Hawaii, Samoa, Mariana island, Fiji, Palau, French Polynesia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, New Zealand, Tokelau islands, Niue, and Cook Islands). Collectively they speak more than one hundred languages and dialects. Such a diversity across the API community presents unique challenges and opportunities for research, education, and practice. The existing body of literature on mental health issues in API communities is marred by the lack of high-quality data and insufficient degrees of disaggregation. Such a knowledge gap hindered our ability to develop culturally and linguistically tailored interventions, and in turn, API communities have experienced mental health disparities and mental health services’ disparities. To move the field forward, future research effort with APIs should focus on articulating variations across different API subgroups, identifying what explains such variations, and examining the implications of such variations to research, practice, education, and policy.

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Pettit, George R., Cherry L. Herald, John E. Leet, Rajesh Gupta, Daniel E. Schaufelberger, Robert B. Bates, Paul J. Clewlow, et al. "Antineoplastic agents. 168. Isolation and structure of axinohydantoin." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 1621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v90-250.

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Western (Palau) and Eastern (State of Truk) Caroline Islands and Papua New Guinea sponges of the genera Axinella and Hymeniacidon were found to contain the cytostatic (PS ED50 2.5 and 2.0 (μg/mL) and antineoplastic (PS T/C 143 at 3.6 mg/kg and T/C 138 at 3.6 mg/kg) pyrrologuanidines 1a and 1b. The related hydantoin 2, designated axinohydantoin, was also isolated from an Axinella sp. and its structure was assigned by X-ray crystallographic techniques. Present experience with sponges in the Axinella and Hymeniacidon genera suggests that the previously known hymenialdisine (1b) and analogous imidazole derivatives may be widely distributed among these and related orange colored Porifera. Keywords: axinohydantoin, hymenialdisine, Axinella, Hymeniacidon, cystostatic.

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39

Holland, Elisabeth. "Tropical Cyclone Harold meets the Novel Coronavirus." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 26, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v26i1.1099.

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Abstract: COVID-19 began to manifest in the Pacific Islands by early March 2020, starting in the US and French territories, spreading slowly to the independent countries of Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Timor-Leste. All of the independent Pacific countries responded with aggressive measures, closing borders and establishing curfews. Against this background, Tropical Cyclone Harold, formed on April Fool's Day, began its devastating path through four Pacific countries: Solomon Islands with 27 dead in a ferry accident; Vanuatu whose northern islands, including Santo and Malekula were devastated by the cyclone with wind speeds greater than 200 km/h. The devastation continued in Fiji, with two tornadoes and devastation particularly in Kadavu and the southern Lau group. Tropical Cyclone Harold struck Tonga at the height of the king tide. COVID-19 continues to complicate relief efforts, particularly in Vanuatu. As of May 3, 2020, sixteen Pacific countries and territories had yet to report their first confirmed case of COVID-19: American Samoa, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Pitcairn, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Wallis and Futuna. The Pacific continues to lead by example motivated by collective stewardship with actions and policies based on science. Pacific leaders continue to work with the World Health Organisation (WHO) to implement COVID-19 management recommendations.

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McElfish, Pearl A., Rachel S. Purvis, Sheldon Riklon, and Seiji Yamada. "Compact of Free Association Migrants and Health Insurance Policies: Barriers and Solutions to Improve Health Equity." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 56 (January 2019): 004695801989478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958019894784.

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This commentary outlines the health insurance disparities of Compact of Free Association (COFA) migrants living in the United States. Compact of Free Association migrants are citizens of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau who can live, work, and study in the United States without a visa. Compact of Free Association migrants make up a significant proportion of the rapidly growing Pacific Islander population in the United States. This article describes the historical and current relationships between the United States and the Compact nations and examines national policy barriers constraining health insurance access for COFA migrants. In addition, the commentary describes the state-level health policies of Arkansas, Hawai’i, and Oregon, which are the states where the majority of COFA migrants reside. Finally, policy recommendations are provided to improve health equity for COFA migrants.

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ANCKAR, DAG, and CARSTEN ANCKAR. "Democracies without Parties." Comparative Political Studies 33, no. 2 (March 2000): 225–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414000033002003.

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The belief that modern democracy is party democracy is widespread. However, the belief may be questioned. A number of small independent island states that subscribe to a high extent to democratic values, standards, and institutions manage without political parties. In all, six such cases exist, namely, Belau (Palau), the Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, and Tuvalu. The analysis of these cases is guided by three general assumptions: (a) the impact of diminutive size on the existence and number of parties, (b) the corresponding impact of geographical noncontiguity, and (c) the impact of culturally defined resistances against party life and party rule. Comparisons with conditions in other small island states suggest that the assumptions are valid given that extreme values are entered into the analysis. Extreme smallness, an extremely archipelagic geography, and an intense cultural resistance all contribute to an absence of political parties in democracies.

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NOGUCHI, Midori, Akiko IIDA, Satoshi OSAWA, and Mikiko ISHIKAWA. "A Study on Plants Use and Space Structure Related to Ritual Events in Republic of Palau, Tropical Islands of Micronesia." Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 74, no. 5 (2011): 765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5632/jila.74.765.

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43

Faingold, Eduardo D. "Language rights in the constitutions, organic acts, and statutes of the territories of the United States and the Freely Associated States." Language Problems and Language Planning 41, no. 2 (October 27, 2017): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.41.2.01fai.

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Abstract The constitutions, organic acts, and statutes of the territories of the United States and the Freely Associated States are given an exhaustive screening to identify legal language defining the linguistic obligations of each territory or associated state and the language rights of individuals and groups dwelling within. The author suggests that the territories of the United States and the Freely Associated States are well served by “hands-on” policies declaring provisions that protect the rights of language minority groups, or of all people living in the territory (i.e., Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and American Samoa) and associated states (i.e., the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau). As in many states in the United States, the absence of an explicit language policy in the United States Virgin Islands has not prevented it from practicing implicit language policies that promote the use of English while also allowing minority languages to be used in the territory. Unlike many states in the United States which declare English as the sole official language and/or enact provisions to protect official English, none of the territories and associated states of the United States declares English as the sole official language or establishes provisions that hinder the rights of language minority groups.

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44

Møller Andersen, N. "The coral bugs, genus Halovelia Bergroth (Hemiptera, Veliidae). I. History, classification, and taxonomy of species except the H. malaya-group." Insect Systematics & Evolution 20, no. 1 (1989): 75–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631289x00519.

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AbstractMarine bugs of the genus Halovelia Bergroth inhabit intertidal coral reefs and rocky coasts along the continents and larger islands bordering the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and western Pacific Ocean as well as on island groups and atolls in these areas. A historical review of the study of the genus is presented and different views upon its classification discussed. The genus Halovelia is redescribed together with its type species, H. maritima Bergroth, and four other previously known species. Fifteen new species are described: H. carolinensis sp.n. (Caroline Islands), H. halophila sp.n. (Sumbawa, Sabah), H. corallia sp.n. (Papua New Guinea, Australia: Queensland), H. esakii sp.n. (Solomon Islands, Irian New Guinea, Moluccas, Sulawesi, Sumbawa, Palau Islands, Philippines), H. polhemi sp.n. (Australia: Northern Territory), H. solomon sp.n. (Solomon Islands), H. novoguinensis sp.n. (Papua New Guinea), H. fosteri sp.n. (Fiji Islands), H. tongaensis sp.n. (Tonga Islands), H. heron sp.n. (Australia: S. Queensland), H. fijiensis sp.n. (Fiji Islands), H. inflexa sp.n. (Sudan, Red Sea), H. annemariae sp.n. (Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea), H. lannae sp.n. (Java, Singapore, West Malaysia, Sabah, Philippines), and H. wallacei sp.n. (Sulawesi, Sumbawa). Two names are synonymized: H. marianarum Usinger syn.n. (= H. bergrothi Esaki) and H. danae Herring syn.n. (= H. bergrothi Esaki). The following species are removed from the genus Halovelia: H. papuensis Esaki, H. loyaltiensis China, and H. (Colpovelia) angulana Polhemus. A key to the species is included. The taxonomy of the H. malaya-group will be presented in Part II of this work together with the cladistics, ecology, biology, and biogeography of the genus.

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JEW, NICHOLAS P., TAYLOR DODRILL, and SCOTT M. FITZPATRICK. "Evaluating the efficacy of the mollusc T ridacna crocea for reconstructing ancient sea‐surface temperatures in the Rock Islands of Palau, Micronesia." Archaeology in Oceania 54, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arco.5182.

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46

Diettrich, Brian. "A Sea of Voices: Performance, Relations, and Belonging in Saltwater Places." Yearbook for Traditional Music 50 (2018): 41–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5921/yeartradmusi.50.2018.0041.

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A faint early morning glow lit the horizon across the sea. Poised on the calm ocean waters, a dozen sails began their approach to shore (see Figure 1). It was just before dawn on Sunday, 22 May 2016, at Paseo de Susana Park in Hagåtña, the capital of the island of Guam (Guåhån). That morning I joined thousands of residents and international visitors for the dawn arrival of the canoes, an event that began the 12thFestival of Pacific Arts, held on the island. Some of the sea vessels were from Guam, while others had travelled north across the familiar ocean routes of the Caroline Islands from as far west as the islands of Palau and from the atoll islands of Lamotrek and Polowat (see Figure 2). The dawn event emphasized Indigenous movement, knowledge, and skill on the sea, but it also projected a means of belonging in and reconnecting to the maritime world, embodied through sounding voices and moving bodies. Cultural leader Leonard Iriarte, who holds the title of Master of Chamorro Chant, recited a welcome that was played over loudspeakers and emanated from the shore out across the incoming waves. As each sailing canoe approached the land, crewmembers sounded shell trumpets and broke out into spontaneous song and dance on the decks—rhythms that combined with those of the incoming swell below.

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Rundell, Rebecca J., and Jesse E. Czekanski-Moir. "A Survey of the Land Snails of Kosrae (Caroline Islands, Micronesia) Including the Rediscovery of EndemicDelos oualanensis(Pease, 1866) (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Rhytididae)." Malacologia 59, no. 1 (December 2015): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4002/040.059.0103.

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48

Yoshikawa, Kazuhiro, Kyoko Adachi, Miyuki Nishijima, Takahide Takadera, Seiji Tamaki, Ken-ichi Harada, Kenichi Mochida, and Hiroshi Sano. "β-Cyanoalanine Production by Marine Bacteria on Cyanide-Free Medium and Its Specific Inhibitory Activity toward Cyanobacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.2.718-722.2000.

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ABSTRACT In screening the culture broth of marine bacteria collected at Yap (Micronesia), Palau (Belau), and Okinawa (the southwest islands of Japan) for antimicroalgal activity, 37 out of 2,594 bacterial isolates tested were found to produce anticyanobacterial substances against Oscillatoria amphibia NIES-361. One strain, C-979, identified as a Vibrio sp., was selected and cultured in 2.4 liters of marine broth 2216 to identify the bioactive compound produced by the strain. The purified very hydrophilic compound (16.4 mg) was determined to be β-cyano-l-alanine (l-CNAla) by instrumental analyses and the application of the advanced Marfey method. l-CNAla did not inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast, or eukaryotic microalgae, but some cyanobacteria were found to be sensitive to l-CNAla at a concentration of 0.4 to 25 μg/ml. The effect of l-CNAla on some other environmental organisms, including invertebrates and a macroalgae, is discussed. CNAla production in marine broth was examined by thin-layer chromatography for the 37 bacterial isolates which produced an anticyanobacterial substance. The broth of 36 of these strains contained CNAla, suggesting the wide distribution of CNAla production by marine bacteria. This is the first report on bacteria that produce CNAla without a supply of the cyanide ion in the medium.

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Comer, Douglas C., Jacob A. Comer, Ioana A. Dumitru, William S. Ayres, Maureece J. Levin, Katherine A. Seikel, Devin A. White, and Michael J. Harrower. "Airborne LiDAR Reveals a Vast Archaeological Landscape at the Nan Madol World Heritage Site." Remote Sensing 11, no. 18 (September 16, 2019): 2152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11182152.

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An airborne LiDAR survey of the Nan Madol World Heritage Site and adjacent Temwen Island revealed a complex, irrigated cultivation system, the first found in the Central and Eastern Caroline Islands. This informs the goals of the sustainable conservation project, funded by the U.S. Department of State Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation, that inspired the survey, and expands understanding of Nan Madol and its place in the network of Pacific island interaction and trade. Fieldwork verified the presence, across Temwen, of low, wet, cultivable areas, many of which are connected by water channels or separated by earthen berms. The berms themselves may also have been cultivated. In complexity, labor investment, and organization, the system is comparable to Nan Madol itself, the largest archaeological site in Micronesia, with structures on about 100 artificial islets built of stone and coral on a reef flat. Constructed over a millennium, Nan Madol was the seat of the Saudeleur Dynasty, which persisted from about 1200 to 1600 CE. The cultivation system appears to have been able to provide ample food for consumption, feasting, and redistribution or trade. If the landscape alteration described here proves to date to the time of the Saudeleur Dynasty, it will offer many avenues of research into the economic basis of Nan Madol’s regional dominance.

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GON, OFER, and GERALD R. ALLEN. "Revision of the Indo-Pacific cardinalfish genus Siphamia (Perciformes: Apogonidae)." Zootaxa 3294, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3294.1.1.

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The Indo-Pacific apogonid genus Siphamia Weber 1909 is unique among cardinalfishes in having a bacterial biolumines-cent system and spinoid scales. Light is produced by luminous bacteria found in a small pocket connected to the gut in theabdominal cavity and in a sac on each side of the tip of the tongue. Siphamia consists of 23 small species many of whichare associated with invertebrates such as sea urchins, crown-of-thorns starfish and coral. Species of this genus fall intotwo main groups with different dark pigment pattern of the longitudinal translucent muscle acting as a light organ thatdiffuses light along the ventral edge of the body. The S. tubifer group, with a striated light organ, includes S. arabica, newspecies, from the Gulf of Oman; S. argentea from the Philippines and northern Western Australia; S. fraseri, new species,from New Caledonia, Tonga and Fiji; S. fuscolineata from the Marshall and Line islands; S. goreni, new species, from thesouthern Red Sea; S. guttulata from Darnley Island, Queensland; S. jebbi from the western Pacific, ranging from the Phil-ippines to Western Australia and east to the Caroline Islands, Fiji, and Tonga; S. majimai from the Ryukyu and Ogasawaraislands to northwestern Australia, ranging eastward to New Caledonia and Tonga; S. mossambica from the western IndianOcean; S. randalli, new species, from the Society and Cook islands; S. spinicola, new species, from Biak in eastern Indo-nesia, Papua New Guinea, Woleai Atoll, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and the Chesterfield Islands; S. stenotes, new species,from the Triton Bay area of Irian Jaya Barat Province of Indonesia; and S. tubifer ranging widely in the Indo-West Pacificfrom the Red Sea to Madagascar and east to Vanuatu. The S. tubulata group, with a dark-dotted light organ, includes S.brevilux, new species, from Papua New Guinea; S. cephalotes from southern Australia; S. corallicola from Indonesia, Sa-bah, and Timor Sea; S. cuneiceps from Western Australia and the east coast of Queensland; S. cyanophthalma, new species,from the Philippines, Palau, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea; S. elongata from the Philippines and Brunei; S. fistulosafrom Java, Sumbawa and Komodo, Indonesia, and Brunei; S. roseigaster from Western Australia, ranging along the north-ern and eastern coast of Australia south to Sydney Harbour, New South Wales; S. senoui, new species, from the RyukyuIslands, Japan; and S. tubulata from the Papua Barat Province, Indonesia, south coast of Papua New Guinea, northern Western Australia and Queensland.

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