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Journal articles on the topic 'Paleo ecology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Kohn, M. J. "Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo)ecology and (paleo)climate." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 46 (November 1, 2010): 19691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1004933107.

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2

Pelejero, Carles, Eva Calvo, and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg. "Paleo-perspectives on ocean acidification." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 25, no. 6 (June 2010): 332–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2010.02.002.

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3

Denbow, James, Jeannette Smith, Nonofho Mathibidi Ndobochani, Kirsten Atwood, and Duncan Miller. "Archaeological excavations at Bosutswe, Botswana: cultural chronology, paleo-ecology and economy." Journal of Archaeological Science 35, no. 2 (February 2008): 459–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2007.04.011.

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4

Henry, Donald O. "Prehistoric human ecology in the Southern Levant east of the Rift from 20 000-6 000 BP." Paléorient 23, no. 2 (1997): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/paleo.1997.4655.

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5

Löser, Hannes. "Database applications in coral research." Paleontological Society Papers 1 (October 1996): 207–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000115.

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Data on extant and fossil corals are analyzed. The characteristics of the organisms are divided into five basic units of data: morphology, ecology, taxonomical relations, stratigraphical, and (paleo-) geographical occurrence. Six data complexes are derived from these units. Their relationships are defined and the database structures designed on the basis of the Entity-Relationship-Model. The data structures are described in detail and advice is given for building up databases. The various opportunities of querying the database and particularly of assessing the data are thoroughly discussed. Data obtainable by transactions on the stratigraphical and (paleo-) geographical distribution of the organisms are considered. Finally, the database on Mesozoic corals compiled by the author is introduced and some preliminary results as well as future projects are presented.

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6

HOFMANN, CHRISTA-CHARLOTTE, and REINHARD ZETTER. "Reconstruction of Different Wetland Plant Habitats of the Pannonian Basin System (Neogene, Eastern Austria)." PALAIOS 20, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2002.p02-22.

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Abstract Sedimentary and palynofacies analysis, total organic carbon content (TOC), and palynology from a densely sampled, small, lignite-bearing succession of Late Miocene age at Badersdorf, SE Austria, were compared with modern wetland ecologies. From this, six hydrologically controlled palynofacies types and six associated paleo-plant habitats in an ancient wetland system were differentiated. The associated woody and herbaceous hinterland flora also were distinguished. At least four horizons with relatively high fusinite content have been preserved, indicating occurrence of paleo-wildfires in either the wetland or the hinterland. The palynofacies types were used to determine the taphonomic bias of the associated palynomorph assemblages, which, together with a comparison with modern wetland vegetation, led to differentiation of the paleo-plant habitats. The paleo-wetland was dominated mainly by Glyptostrobus-containing vegetation, and comprised clastic swamp forests with woody angiosperms, natural levee forests, fern- and Glyptostrobus-dominated organic swamps, freshwater marshes, and wet prairies. The occurrence of more than 40 herbaceous taxa at this locality indicates that the lowland vegetation was not composed of only different closed-forest types, but also of areas with herbaceous vegetation. The more zonal vegetation of the adjacent hinterland has been interpreted as a mix of Pinaceae and woody angiosperms with patches of more herbaceous xeric layers.

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7

Kolodny, Yehoshua, Ran Calvo, and Daniel Rosenfeld. "“Too low” δ18O of paleo-meteoric, low latitude, water; do paleo-tropical cyclones explain it?" Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 280, no. 3-4 (September 2009): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.06.025.

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8

Stace, Helen M., Andrew W. Douglas, and Jane F. Sampson. "Did ‘Paleo-polyploidy’ Really occur in Proteaceae?" Australian Systematic Botany 11, no. 4 (1998): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb98013.

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Cytological data for 188 species in 65 genera of Proteaceae were collated from the literature. Excluding the occasional infrageneric polyploid, Proteaceae have seven confirmed character states for chromosome number (n = 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 7, 5). Genera of subfamily Persoonioideae are x = 7, and, on a cytoevolutionary doctrine of ‘paleo-polyploidy’ in angiosperm families, these low chromosome number taxa were hypothesised to represent the ancestral genome of Proteaceae. Chief supporting evidence for this hypothesis is the ancient origin of Persoonioideae in Proteaceae phylogeny. However all current genomes in Proteaceae have features that suggest that they are derived, including those of Persoonioideae with their ‘genomic obesity’, and by reference to the chromosomes of Bellendenoideae (n = 5) and the outgroup Platanaceae (n = 21), quite probably their number is also a derived character state. Furthermore the high chromosome number genera of Proteaceae in subfamilies Proteoideae and Grevilleoideae (n = 14, 13, 12, 11, 10) have genomic lengths that are far smaller than would be expected from a doubling of the chromosomes of Persoonioideae, and, so far as any information is available, these genera are also genetic diploids. This paper questions ‘paleo-polyploidy’ as a general cytogenetic mechanism for plant macroevolution at the levels of genus, tribe and sub-family in Proteaceae. It is proposed that diploid cytoevolutionary processes of chromosome number increase and decrease from a primitive genome of FN = 24, with specific examples of x = 12 and x = 21, can explain the cytological phenomena in the family.

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9

Freeman, Jacob, Erick Robinson, Noelle G. Beckman, Darcy Bird, Jacopo A. Baggio, and John M. Anderies. "The global ecology of human population density and interpreting changes in paleo-population density." Journal of Archaeological Science 120 (August 2020): 105168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2020.105168.

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10

Taylor, Ben J., James W. B. Rae, William R. Gray, Kate F. Darling, Andrea Burke, Rainer Gersonde, Andrea Abelmann, Edith Maier, Oliver Esper, and Patrizia Ziveri. "Distribution and ecology of planktic foraminifera in the North Pacific: Implications for paleo-reconstructions." Quaternary Science Reviews 191 (July 2018): 256–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.05.006.

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11

Saifuddin and Iqbaluddin. "Quaternary signatures of paleo-humidity in arid zone, Rajasthan, India." Journal of Arid Environments 45, no. 2 (June 2000): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1999.0629.

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12

Coviaga, Corina, Gabriela Cusminsky, and Patricia Pérez. "Ecology of freshwater ostracods from Northern Patagonia and their potential application in paleo-environmental reconstructions." Hydrobiologia 816, no. 1 (March 2, 2017): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3127-1.

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13

Boerner, D. E., R. D. Kurtz, and J. A. Craven. "Electrical conductivity and Paleo-Proterozoic foredeeps." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 101, B6 (June 10, 1996): 13775–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96jb00171.

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14

FARCAS, Sorina, Tudor Mihai URSU, Vasile Viorel POP, Ioan TANTAU, and Anamaria ROMAN. "CONSIDERATIONS ON THE AGE OF THE “GLIMEE” IN TRANSYLVANIA." Contribuţii Botanice 55 (January 1, 2021): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/contrib.bot.55.7.

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The paper is a synthesis of the palynological studies that have addressed the age of landslides in Transylvania. We discuss the configuration of the paleo-vegetation in the respective areas, but also the probable factors, abiotic or biotic, which promoted the landslides and the relative period when they occurred in Transylvania. The analysis indicates two major periods of onset for landslides, the Pleistocene and Holocene.

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15

Wright, David F. "Fossils, homology, and “Phylogenetic Paleo-ontogeny”: a reassessment of primary posterior plate homologies among fossil and living crinoids with insights from developmental biology." Paleobiology 41, no. 4 (September 2015): 570–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2015.18.

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AbstractPaleobiologists must propose a priori hypotheses of homology when conducting a phylogenetic analysis of extinct taxa. The distributions of such “primary” homologies among species are fundamental to phylogeny reconstruction because they reflect a prior belief in what constitutes comparable organismal elements and are the principal determinants of the outcome of phylogenetic analysis. Problems arise when fossil morphology presents seemingly equivocal hypotheses of homology, herein referred to as antinomies. In groups where homology recognition has been elusive, such as echinoderms, these problems are commonly accompanied by the presence (and persistence) of poor descriptive terminology in taxonomic literature that confounds an understanding of characters and stymy phylogenetic research. This paper combines fossil morphology, phylogenetic systematics, and insights from evolutionary developmental biology to outline a research program in Phylogenetic Paleo-ontogeny. A “paleo” ontogenetic approach to character analysis provides a logical basis for homology recognition and discerning patterns of character evolution in a phylogenetic context. To illustrate the utility of the paleo-ontogenetic approach, I present a reassessment of historically contentious plate homologies for “pan-cladid” crinoids (Cladida, Flexibilia, Articulata). Developmental patterns in living crinoids were combined with the fossil record of pan-cladid morphologies to investigate primary posterior plate homologies. Results suggest the sequence of morphologic transitions unfolding during the ontogeny of extant crinoids are developmental relics of their Paleozoic precursors. Developmental genetic modules controlling posterior plate development in pan-cladid crinoids have likely experienced considerable constraint for over 250 million years and limited morphologic diversity in the complexity of calyx characters. Future phylogenetic analyses of pan-cladids are recommended to consider the presence of a single plate in the posterior region homologous with the radianal, rather than the anal X, as is commonly assumed.

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16

Woodhouse, Connie A. "A paleo perspective on hydroclimatic variability in the western United States." Aquatic Sciences 66, no. 4 (November 2004): 346–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00027-004-0723-8.

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17

Faerman, Marina, and Rimantas Jankauskas. "Paleo pathological and molecular evidence of human bone tuberculosis in Iron Age Lithuania." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 58, no. 1 (March 28, 2000): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/58/2000/57.

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18

Emig, C. C. "Examples of post-mortality alteration in Recent brachiopod shells and (paleo)ecological consequences." Marine Biology 104, no. 2 (June 1990): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01313263.

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19

Beck, M., T. Riedel, J. Graue, J. Köster, N. Kowalski, C. S. Wu, G. Wegener, et al. "Paleo-environmental imprint on microbiology and biogeochemistry of coastal quaternary sediments." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (July 15, 2010): 5463–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-5463-2010.

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Abstract. To date, North Sea tidal flat sediments have been intensively studied down to a depth of 5 m below sea floor (mbsf). However, little is known about the biogeochemistry, microbial abundance, and activity of sulfate reducers as well of methanogens in deeper layers. For this study, we hypothesized that the imprint of the paleo-environment is reflected in current microbiogeochemical processes. Therefore, 20 m-long cores were retrieved from the tidal-flat area of Spiekeroog Island, NW Germany. Two drill sites were selected with a close distance of only 900 meters, but where sedimentation occurred under different environmental conditions: first, a paleo-channel filled with Holocene sediments and second, a mainly Pleistocene sedimentary succession. In general, the numbers of bacterial 16S rRNA genes are one to two orders of magnitude higher than those of Archaea. The abundances of key genes for sulfate reduction and methanogenesis (dsrA and mcrA) correspond to the sulfate and methane profiles. A co-variance of these key genes at sulfate-methane interfaces and enhanced potential AOM rates suggest that anaerobic oxidation of methane may occur in these layers. Microbial and biogeochemical profiles are vertically stretched relative to 5 m-deep cores from shallower sediments in the same study area. Compared to the deep marine environment, the profiles are transitional between the shallow subsurface and the marine deep biosphere. Our interdisciplinary analysis shows that the microbial abundances and metabolic rates are elevated in the Holocene compared to Pleistocene sediments. However, this is mainly due to present environmental conditions such as pore water flow and organic matter availability. The paleo-environmental imprint is still visible but superimposed by these processes.

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20

Sarkar, Sudipta, Christian Berndt, Anne Chabert, Douglas G. Masson, Timothy A. Minshull, and Graham K. Westbrook. "Switching of a paleo-ice stream in northwest Svalbard." Quaternary Science Reviews 30, no. 13-14 (June 2011): 1710–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.03.013.

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21

Beck, M., T. Riedel, J. Graue, J. Köster, N. Kowalski, C. S. Wu, G. Wegener, et al. "Imprint of past and present environmental conditions on microbiology and biogeochemistry of coastal Quaternary sediments." Biogeosciences 8, no. 1 (January 7, 2011): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-55-2011.

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Abstract. To date, North Sea tidal-flat sediments have been intensively studied down to a depth of 5 m below seafloor (mbsf). However, little is known about the biogeochemistry, microbial abundance, and activity of sulfate reducers as well as methanogens in deeper layers. In this study, two 20 m-long cores were retrieved from the tidal-flat area of Spiekeroog Island, NW Germany. The drill sites were selected with a close distance of 900 m allowing to compare two depositional settings: first, a paleo-channel filled with Holocene sediments and second, a mainly Pleistocene sedimentary succession. Analyzing these cores, we wanted to test to which degree the paleo-environmental imprint is superimposed by present processes. In general, the numbers of bacterial 16S rRNA genes are one to two orders of magnitude higher than those of Archaea. The abundances of key genes for sulfate reduction and methanogenesis (dsrA and mcrA) correspond to the sulfate and methane profiles. A co-variance of these key genes at sulfate-methane interfaces and enhanced ex situ AOM rates suggest that anaerobic oxidation of methane may occur in these layers. Microbial and biogeochemical profiles are vertically stretched relative to 5 m-deep cores from shallower sediments in the same study area, but still appear compressed compared to deep sea sediments. Our interdisciplinary analysis shows that the microbial abundances and metabolic rates are elevated in the Holocene compared to Pleistocene sediments. However, this is mainly due to present environmental conditions such as pore water flow and organic matter availability. The paleo-environmental imprint is still visible but superimposed by these processes.

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22

Lyubas, Artem A., Teodor F. Obada, Mikhail Y. Gofarov, Vidas V. Kriauciunas, Ilya V. Vikhrev, Igor N. Nicoara, and Ivan N. Bolotov. "A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF FOSSIL FRESHWATER PEARL MUSSELS (BIVALVIA: UNIONOIDA: MARGARITIFERIDAE) FROM PLIOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE DEPOSITS OF SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE." Ecologica Montenegrina 21 (April 13, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.21.1.

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Margaritiferidae is an ancient freshwater bivalve family originated in the Jurassic in East Asia. Here, we revise several nominal taxa of fossil freshwater pearl mussels that were recovered from the Upper Pliocene and Pleistocene deposits of the Dniester and Prut river valleys. Based on morphological and stratigraphic data, we found that these nominal taxa belong to the genus Pseudunio and are junior synonyms of P. flabellatiformis (Grigorowitch-Beresowski, 1915). The new synonymy is proposed as follows: Margaritifera (Pseudunio) moldavica Chepalyga, 1964 syn. nov., Margaritifera (Pseudunio) robusta robusta Chepalyga, 1964 syn. nov., Margaritifera (Pseudunio) robusta speensis Chepalyga, 1964 syn. nov., and Margaritifera (Pseudunio) robusta tirassica Chepalyga, 1964 syn. nov. All these fossil nominal taxa were described based on minor differences in the shell shape and size, hinge structure, and stratigraphic position. Finally, we suggest an updated phylogenetic scheme of the genus Pseudunio, which contains five valid species: P. marocanus (Pallary, 1918) [Eocene – Recent, Morocco], P. auricularius (Spengler, 1793) [Pliocene – Recent, Southern and Western Europe], P. homsensis (Lea, 1865) [Pliocene – Recent, Orontes and Nahr al-Kabir basins], P. flabellatiformis (Grigorowitch-Beresowski, 1915) comb. rev. [Pliocene – Late Pleistocene, paleo-Dniester and paleo-Danube basins, an extinct lineage related to P. auricularius and P. homsensis], and P. flabellatus (Goldfuss, 1837) comb. rev. [Miocene, paleo-Danube Basin, a stem lineage, MRCA of P. auricularius - P. homsensis clade].

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23

Sookhan, Shane, Nick Eyles, Syed Bukhari, and Roger C. Paulen. "LiDAR-based quantitative assessment of drumlin to mega-scale glacial lineation continuums and flow of the paleo Seneca-Cayuga paleo-ice stream." Quaternary Science Reviews 263 (July 2021): 107003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107003.

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24

Nugroho, Septriono Hari. "KARAKTERISTIK UMUM DIATOM DAN APLIKASINYA PADA BIDANG GEOSAINS." OSEANA 44, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2019.vol.44no.1.32.

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AN OVERVIEW OF DIATOM AND ITS APPLICATIONS ON THE GEOSCIENCE AREA. Diatoms have been being studied in many countries. Diatoms provide a valuable and well-understood means on biomonitoring – one of which is focused on the base of the aquatic foodweb and highly representative of water quality. They are found in most aquatic environments and the sys tematic and taxonomic investigations of modern and fossil diatoms have been supported by numerous stud ies of distributional ecology. Diatom systematics, taxonomy and ecology indeed offer a wide scope of applications - from water quality to environmental monitoring and biostratigraphy as well as on geoscience area. The application of diatom analysis in determining whether drowning was the cause of death has proven to be a valuable tool in forensic science. Furthermore, diatoms can provide a record of environmental conditions because their relationship to water quality and aquatic habitat has been already known, and the diatom cell wall, which is silicified to form a frustule, is well-preserved, easily detectable and occurs in high numbers in sediment and water. However, this should not be limited to simply make an inventory of data: thoughtful ecology and paleo-ecology will assist in predicting the environmental impact of pollution and climate changes.

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25

Betts, Matthew w., Mari Hardenberg, and Ian Stirling. "How Animals Create Human History: Relational Ecology and the Dorset–Polar Bear Connection." American Antiquity 80, no. 1 (January 2015): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.79.4.89.

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AbstractCarvings that represent polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are commonly found in Dorset Paleo-Eskimo archaeological sites across the eastern Arctic. Relational ecology, combined with Amerindian perspectivism, provides an integrated framework within which to comprehensively assess the connections between Dorset and polar bears. By considering the representational aspects of the objects, we reveal an ethology of polar bears encoded within the carvings’ various forms. Reconstructing the experiences and perceptions of Dorset as they routinely interacted with these creatures, and placing these interactions in socioeconomic, environmental, and historical context, permits us to decode a symbolic ecology inherent in the effigies. To the Dorset, these carvings were simultaneously tools and mnemonics (symbols). As tools, they were used to directly access the predatory and spiritual abilities of bears or, more prosaically, to teach and remind of the variety of proper hunting techniques available for capturing seals. As symbols, however, they were far more powerful, signaling how Dorset people conceptualized themselves and their place in the universe. Symbolic of an ice-edge way of life, the effigies expose the role that this special relationship with polar bears played in the creation of Dorset histories and identities.

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26

Cohuo, Sergio, Laura Macario-González, Sebastian Wagner, Katrin Naumann, Paula Echeverría-Galindo, Liseth Pérez, Jason Curtis, Mark Brenner, and Antje Schwalb. "Influence of late Quaternary climate on the biogeography of Neotropical aquatic species as reflected by non-marine ostracodes." Biogeosciences 17, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-145-2020.

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Abstract. We evaluated how ranges of four endemic and non-endemic aquatic ostracode species changed in response to long-term (glacial–interglacial cycles) and abrupt climate fluctuations during the last 155 kyr in the northern Neotropical region. We employed two complementary approaches, fossil records and species distribution models (SDMs). Fossil assemblages were obtained from sediment cores PI-1, PI-2, PI-6 and Petén-Itzá 22-VIII-99 from the Petén Itzá Scientific Drilling Project, Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala. To obtain a spatially resolved pattern of (past) species distribution, a downscaling cascade is employed. SDMs were reconstructed for the last interglacial (∼120 ka), the last glacial maximum (∼22 ka) and the middle Holocene (∼6 ka). During glacial and interglacial cycles and marine isotope stages (MISs), modelled paleo-distributions and paleo-records show the nearly continuous presence of endemic and non-endemic species in the region, suggesting negligible effects of long-term climate variations on aquatic niche stability. During periods of abrupt ecological disruption such as Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), endemic species were resilient, remaining within their current areas of distribution. Non-endemic species, however, proved to be more sensitive. Modelled paleo-distributions suggest that the geographic range of non-endemic species changed, moving southward into Central America. Due to the uncertainties involved in the downscaling from the global numerical to the highly resolved regional geospatial statistical modelling, results can be seen as a benchmark for future studies using similar approaches. Given relatively moderate temperature decreases in Lake Petén Itzá waters (∼5 ∘C) and the persistence of some aquatic ecosystems even during periods of severe drying in HS1, our data suggest (1) the existence of micro-refugia and/or (2) continuous interaction between central metapopulations and surrounding populations, enabling aquatic taxa to survive climate fluctuations in the northern Neotropical region.

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27

Uno, K. T., J. Quade, D. C. Fisher, G. Wittemyer, I. Douglas-Hamilton, S. Andanje, P. Omondi, M. Litoroh, and T. E. Cerling. "Bomb-curve radiocarbon measurement of recent biologic tissues and applications to wildlife forensics and stable isotope (paleo)ecology." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 29 (July 1, 2013): 11736–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1302226110.

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28

CADÉE, GERHARD C. "‘Opportunistic feeding’, a serious pitfall in trophic structure analysis of (paleo)faunas." Lethaia 17, no. 4 (October 9, 2007): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1984.tb02019.x.

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29

Fritz, Susanne A., Jussi T. Eronen, Jan Schnitzler, Christian Hof, Christine M. Janis, Andreas Mulch, Katrin Böhning-Gaese, and Catherine H. Graham. "Twenty-million-year relationship between mammalian diversity and primary productivity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 39 (September 12, 2016): 10908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602145113.

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At global and regional scales, primary productivity strongly correlates with richness patterns of extant animals across space, suggesting that resource availability and climatic conditions drive patterns of diversity. However, the existence and consistency of such diversity–productivity relationships through geological history is unclear. Here we provide a comprehensive quantitative test of the diversity–productivity relationship for terrestrial large mammals through time across broad temporal and spatial scales. We combine >14,000 occurrences for 690 fossil genera through the Neogene (23–1.8 Mya) with regional estimates of primary productivity from fossil plant communities in North America and Europe. We show a significant positive diversity–productivity relationship through the 20-million-year record, providing evidence on unprecedented spatial and temporal scales that this relationship is a general pattern in the ecology and paleo-ecology of our planet. Further, we discover that genus richness today does not match the fossil relationship, suggesting that a combination of human impacts and Pleistocene climate variability has modified the 20-million-year ecological relationship by strongly reducing primary productivity and driving many mammalian species into decline or to extinction.

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30

Van Damme, D., and A. Gautier. "Lacustrine mollusc radiations in the Lake Malawi Basin: experiments in a natural laboratory for evolution." Biogeosciences 10, no. 9 (September 3, 2013): 5767–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5767-2013.

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Abstract. In terminal Pliocene–early Pleistocene times, part of the Malawi Basin was occupied by paleo-lake Chiwondo. Molluscan biostratigraphy situates this freshwater lake either in the East African wet phase between 2.7–2.4 Ma or that of 2.0–1.8 Ma. In-lake divergent evolution remained restricted to a few molluscan taxa and was very modest. The lacustrine Chiwondo fauna went extinct at the beginning of the Pleistocene. The modern Lake Malawi malacofauna is depauperate and descends from ubiquistic southeast African taxa and some Malawi basin endemics that invaded the present lake after the Late Pleistocene mega-droughts. The Pleistocene aridity crises caused dramatic changes, affecting the malacofauna of all East African lakes. All lacustrine endemic faunas that had evolved in the Pliocene rift lakes, such as paleo-lake Chiwondo, became extinct. In Lake Tanganyika, the freshwater ecosystem did not crash as in other lakes, but the environmental changes were sufficiently important to trigger a vast radiation. All African endemic lacustrine molluscan clades that are the result of in-lake divergence are hence geologically young, including the vast Lavigeria clade in Lake Tanganyika (ca. 43 species).

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31

Vejrostová, Lenka, Lenka Lisá, David Parma, Aleš Bajer, Mária Hajnalová, Romana Kočárová, Piotr Moska, and Jan Pacina. "Human-induced prehistoric soil buried in the flood plain of Svratka River, Czech Republic." Holocene 29, no. 4 (January 29, 2019): 565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618824785.

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The natural setting and prehistoric human activity on Holocene floodplains in Central Europe is a compelling issue from several points of view. This environment presents an important sedimentary archive reflecting past human behaviour in interactions with climate change. Two sedimentary sections recorded in the alluvial zone of Svratka River (Moravia) with a buried soil dated to the time span between the Neolithic and Late Bronze Age, and comprising one paleo-catena, were investigated using a multiproxy approach. The buried paleo-catena presents evidence of long-term (ancient) soil development, and the use of the site for human settlement and farming ca. 4500 BC until 1000 BC. Buried soil horizons indicate (climate) stability, which according to archaeological evidence lasted for at least 3500 years, until at least 1000 BC. The architecture and the lithology of the river floodplain changes approximately 0 AD. Anthropogenic settlement activity was not detected at the site in the subsequent period, and this is very likely to be associated with increased sedimentation rates and less optimal conditions for human settlement.

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32

Rudall, Paula J., and Richard M. Bateman. "Coenocytic Growth Phases in Land Plant Development: A Paleo-Evo-Devo Perspective." International Journal of Plant Sciences 180, no. 6 (July 2019): 607–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/702758.

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33

RAMM, MOGENS. "Late Quaternary carbonate sedimentation and paleo-oceanography in the eastern Norwegian Sea." Boreas 18, no. 3 (January 16, 2008): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1989.tb00402.x.

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Moore, Grace, Michael Tessler, Seth W. Cunningham, Julio Betancourt, and Robert Harbert. "Paleo‐metagenomics of North American fossil packrat middens: Past biodiversity revealed by ancient DNA." Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 5 (February 20, 2020): 2530–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6082.

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de Bruyn, Mark, Lukas Rüber, Stephan Nylinder, Björn Stelbrink, Nathan R. Lovejoy, Sébastien Lavoué, Heok Hui Tan, et al. "Paleo-Drainage Basin Connectivity Predicts Evolutionary Relationships across Three Southeast Asian Biodiversity Hotspots." Systematic Biology 62, no. 3 (February 27, 2013): 398–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syt007.

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Ipiña, Santiago L., and Ana I. Durand. "Assessment of Sexual Dimorphism: A Critical Discussion in a (Paleo-) Anthropological Context." Human Biology 82, no. 2 (April 2010): 199–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3378/027.082.0205.

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Hoffmann, R., J. A. Schultz, R. Schellhorn, E. Rybacki, H. Keupp, S. R. Gerden, R. Lemanis, and S. Zachow. "Non-invasive imaging methods applied to neo- and paleo-ontological cephalopod research." Biogeosciences 11, no. 10 (May 22, 2014): 2721–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2721-2014.

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Abstract. Several non-invasive methods are common practice in natural sciences today. Here we present how they can be applied and contribute to current topics in cephalopod (paleo-) biology. Different methods will be compared in terms of time necessary to acquire the data, amount of data, accuracy/resolution, minimum/maximum size of objects that can be studied, the degree of post-processing needed and availability. The main application of the methods is seen in morphometry and volumetry of cephalopod shells. In particular we present a method for precise buoyancy calculation. Therefore, cephalopod shells were scanned together with different reference bodies, an approach developed in medical sciences. It is necessary to know the volume of the reference bodies, which should have similar absorption properties like the object of interest. Exact volumes can be obtained from surface scanning. Depending on the dimensions of the study object different computed tomography techniques were applied.

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Baedke, Steve J., Todd A. Thompson, John W. Johnston, and Douglas A. Wilcox. "Reconstructing paleo lake levels from relict shorelines along the Upper Great Lakes." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 7, no. 4 (October 2004): 435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634980490513274.

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Li, Pingyuan, Mingkun Li, Huayang Gan, and Zhen Xia. "A preliminary study on sediment records of possible typhoon in the northern South China Sea during the past 6500 years." Holocene 31, no. 7 (April 12, 2021): 1221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596836211003229.

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Typhoon is an important meteorological phenomenon that affects the living and development of human beings on the southern China coast. However, there is still lack of clarity in the paleo-typhoon history and its influence on the evolution of the ancient human settlement environment since the mid-Holocene. Here, we identify six typhoon-like deposits from a core retrieved from the northern South China Sea shelf, close to the Pearl River Estuary, based on accelerated mass spectrometry 14C dating, grain size, and geochemistry. The sand fractions, CaO, Sr, SiO2/TiO2, and SiO2/Al2O3 were used to indicate the typhoon-like deposits. Results show that the ages with high-frequency typhoons are present ~200–300 cal yr BP, ~800–1000 cal yr BP, ~1500–1700 cal yr BP, ~2000–2100 cal yr BP, ~2400–2500 cal yr BP, and ~2700–3000 cal yr BP. Our results are comparable to the records from adjacent regions. Significantly, the vast tides occurred in the duration of ~2700–3000 cal yr BP in southern China, which probably caused the ancestors’ migration to the inland. Further studies are needed to deeply study the paleo-typhoon history in the southern China coast to verify our results.

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Koeksoy, Elif, Maximilian Halama, Kurt O. Konhauser, and Andreas Kappler. "Using modern ferruginous habitats to interpret Precambrian banded iron formation deposition." International Journal of Astrobiology 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550415000373.

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AbstractEarly Earth processes are typically identified through the study of mineralogical, elemental and isotopic features in the rock record, including Precambrian banded iron formations (BIF). However, post-depositional processes often obscure the primary geochemical signals, making the use of BIF as proxies for paleo-seawater and the paleo-biosphere potentially imprecise. Thus, alternative approaches are required to complement the information gained from the rock record in order to fully understand the distinctive biogeochemical processes on ancient Earth. Simulating these conditions in the laboratory is one approach, but this approach can never fully replicate the complexity of a natural environment. Therefore, finding modern environments with a unique set of geochemical and microbiological characteristics to use as analogues for BIF depositional environments can provide invaluable information. In this review, we provide an overview of the chemical, physical and biological parameters of modern, ferruginous lakes that have been used as analogue BIF environments.

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van de Pol, Martijn, Stéphanie Jenouvrier, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, and Marcel E. Visser. "Behavioural, ecological and evolutionary responses to extreme climatic events: challenges and directions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1723 (May 8, 2017): 20160134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0134.

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More extreme climatic events (ECEs) are among the most prominent consequences of climate change. Despite a long-standing recognition of the importance of ECEs by paleo-ecologists and macro-evolutionary biologists, ECEs have only recently received a strong interest in the wider ecological and evolutionary community. However, as with many rapidly expanding fields, it lacks structure and cohesiveness, which strongly limits scientific progress. Furthermore, due to the descriptive and anecdotal nature of many ECE studies it is still unclear what the most relevant questions and long-term consequences are of ECEs. To improve synthesis, we first discuss ways to define ECEs that facilitate comparison among studies. We then argue that biologists should adhere to more rigorous attribution and mechanistic methods to assess ECE impacts. Subsequently, we discuss conceptual and methodological links with climatology and disturbance-, tipping point- and paleo-ecology. These research fields have close linkages with ECE research, but differ in the identity and/or the relative severity of environmental factors. By summarizing the contributions to this theme issue we draw parallels between behavioural, ecological and evolutionary ECE studies, and suggest that an overarching challenge is that most empirical and theoretical evidence points towards responses being highly idiosyncratic, and thus predictability being low. Finally, we suggest a roadmap based on the proposition that an increased focus on the mechanisms behind the biological response function will be crucial for increased understanding and predictability of the impacts of ECE. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Behavioural, ecological and evolutionary responses to extreme climatic events’.

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Sbrocco, Elizabeth J. "Paleo-MARSPEC: gridded ocean climate layers for the mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum." Ecology 95, no. 6 (June 2014): 1710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-0443.1.

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Wilson, Alexander M., James K. Russell, and Brent C. Ward. "Paleo-glacier reconstruction in southwestern British Columbia, Canada: A glaciovolcanic model." Quaternary Science Reviews 218 (August 2019): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.024.

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Normand, Signe, Jaana Vormisto, Jens-Christian Svenning, César Grández, and Henrik Balslev. "Geographical and environmental controls of palm beta diversity in paleo-riverine terrace forests in Amazonian Peru." Plant Ecology 186, no. 2 (March 17, 2006): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-006-9120-9.

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PENNY, AMELIA, ANDRÉ DESROCHERS, and BJÖRN KRÖGER. "METAZOAN REEF CONSTRUCTION IN A MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN SEASCAPE: A CASE STUDY FROM THE MINGAN ARCHIPELAGO, QUEBEC." PALAIOS 35, no. 8 (August 27, 2020): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2020.010.

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ABSTRACT The Ordovician (485–444 Ma) saw a global shift from microbial- to skeletal-dominated reefs, and the rise of corals and bryozoans as important reef-builders. Hypothetically, increasingly morphologically diverse and abundant reef-building metazoans increased spatial habitat heterogeneity in reef environments, an important component of reefs' capacity to support diverse communities. Quantifying the spatial scale and extent of this heterogeneity requires three-dimensional exposures of well-preserved reefs whose composition and spatial arrangement can be measured. The Darriwilian (c. 467–458 Ma) carbonate sequence of the Mingan Archipelago, Quebec, presents such exposures, and also provides an opportunity to establish how the distribution of skeletal-dominated metazoan reefs contributed to, and was influenced by, seafloor relief. This study includes two transects through a 200–300 m wide paleo-reef belt, which developed along a rocky paleo-coast line. The reefs are typically micrite-rich, meter-scale mounds, locally forming larger complexes. Here, we present quantitative evaluations of the composition of these reefs, and detailed mapping of reef distributions. There is high compositional heterogeneity between reefs at spatial scales ranging from meters to kilometers, contributed by differences in the volumetric contribution of skeletal material to the reef core, and in the identity of the dominant reef-builders. We suggest that the abundance and morphological diversity of Middle Ordovician reef building metazoans made them important contributors to environmental and substrate heterogeneity, likely enhancing the diversity of reef-dwelling communities.

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FINKEL, Z. V., K. A. MATHESON, K. S. REGAN, and A. J. IRWIN. "Genotypic and phenotypic variation in diatom silicification under paleo-oceanographic conditions." Geobiology 8, no. 5 (November 9, 2010): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4669.2010.00250.x.

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Dietzel, M., A. Leis, R. Abdalla, J. Savarino, S. Morin, M. E. Böttcher, and S. Köhler. "<sup>17</sup>O-excess traces atmospheric nitrate in paleo groundwater of the Saharan desert." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 12 (December 20, 2013): 20079–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-20079-2013.

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Abstract. Saharan paleo groundwater from the Hasouna area of Libya contains up to 1.8 mM of nitrate, the origin of which is still disputed. Herein we show that a positive 17O-excess in NO3– (Δ17ONO3 = δ17ONO3 – 0.52 δ18ONO3) is preserved in the paleo groundwater. The 17O-excess provides an excellent tracer of atmospheric NO3–, which is caused by the interaction of ozone with NOx via photochemical reactions, coupled with a non-mass dependent isotope fractionation. Our Δ17ONO3 data from 0.4 to 5.0‰ (n = 28) indicate that up to x [NO3–]atm = 20 mol % of total dissolved NO3– originated from the Earth's atmosphere. High Δ17ONO3 values correspond to soils that are barren in dry periods, while low Δ17ONO3 values correspond to more fertile soils. Coupled high Δ17ONO3 and high x [NO3–]atm values are caused by a sudden wash out of dry deposition of atmospheric NO3– on plant or soil surfaces within humid-wet cycles. The individual isotope and chemical composition of the Hasouna groundwater can be followed by a binary mixing approach using the lowest and highest mineralized groundwater as end-members without considering evaporation. Using the δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 isotope signature of dissolved sulfate, no indication is found for a superimposition by denitrification, e.g. involving pyrite minerals within the aquifers. It is suggested that dissolved sulfate originates from the dissolution of calcium sulfate minerals during groundwater evolution.

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Pilarczyk, Jessica E., Tina Dura, Benjamin P. Horton, Simon E. Engelhart, Andrew C. Kemp, and Yuki Sawai. "Microfossils from coastal environments as indicators of paleo-earthquakes, tsunamis and storms." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 413 (November 2014): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.06.033.

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Shields, Christine A., and Jeffrey T. Kiehl. "Monsoonal precipitation in the Paleo-Tethys warm pool during the latest Permian." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 491 (February 2018): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.12.001.

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Storozum, Michael J., Zhen Qin, Yiming V. Wang, and Haiwang Liu. "Buried soils as archives of paleo-pollution in the North China Plain." Anthropocene 31 (September 2020): 100251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2020.100251.

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