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Journal articles on the topic 'Paleodiversity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 22 June 2024

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1

Dunhill, Alexander M. "Problems with using rock outcrop area as a paleontological sampling proxy: rock outcrop and exposure area compared with coastal proximity, topography, land use, and lithology." Paleobiology 38, no. 1 (2012): 126–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300000440.

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Fossil specimens can be recovered easily only from exposed localities, so rock exposure area should represent a better proxy for rock availability than the frequently used outcrop (i.e., map) area. Data collected via remote sensing and GIS show that map area does not consistently correlate with exposure area in different regions. Proportional rock exposure is not geographically consistent and is influenced by a number of variables that are independent of outcrop area, including proximity to the coast, elevation, bedrock age, land use and lithology. These variables appear to be non-independent

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Kubat, Jülide, Ryan Paterson, Ioannis Patramanis, et al. "Geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics enlighten the paleodiversity of Pongo." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (2023): e0291308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291308.

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Pleistocene Pongo teeth show substantial variation in size and morphology, fueling taxonomic debates about the paleodiversity of the genus. We investigated prominent features of the enamel-dentine-junction junction (EDJ)–phylogenetically informative internal structures–of 71 fossil Pongo lower molars from various sites by applying geometric morphometrics and conducted paleoproteomic analyses from enamel proteins to attempt to identify extinct orangutan species. Forty-three orangutan lower molars representing Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii were included for comparison. The shape of the EDJ was

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3

YAMAMOTO, SHÛHEI. "A new fossil species of the reticulated beetle genus Cupes (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Cupedidae) from Eocene Baltic amber." Zootaxa 5432, no. 4 (2024): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5432.4.1.

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The single extant species of the reticulated beetle genus Cupes Fabricius is confined to North America. In contrast, a diverse and abundant fossil record of the genus has been documented in Cenozoic deposits in Europe, especially in Eocene Baltic amber. This paper describes another species, Cupes balticus sp. n., as the eighth named species of the genus from Baltic amber. The discovery of an additional Cupes species further evidences the hidden paleodiversity of reticulated beetles in European Eocene forests.

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4

Barnosky, Anthony D., Marc A. Carrasco, and Edward B. Davis. "The Impact of the Species–Area Relationship on Estimates of Paleodiversity." PLoS Biology 3, no. 8 (2005): e266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030266.

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Rivera-Sylva, Héctor E., Eberhard Frey, Wolfgang Stinnesbeck, Gerardo Carbot-Chanona, Iván E. Sanchez-Uribe, and José Rubén Guzmán-Gutiérrez. "Paleodiversity of Late Cretaceous Ankylosauria from Mexico and their phylogenetic significance." Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 137, no. 1 (2018): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13358-018-0153-1.

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6

FALIERES, ELSA, and ANDRÉ NEL. "A new bethylid wasp from the Lowermost Eocene Oise amber, France (Insecta: Hymenoptera)." Palaeoentomology 2, no. 3 (2019): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.3.2.

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The lowermost Eocene Oise amber (France) is a hotspot of paleodiversity for the small wasp family Bethylidae, with seven records of different genera and species recorded (Falières & Nel, 2018, 2019). The middle Eocene Baltic amber has yielded 28 bethylid species in 13 genera (Azevedo et al., 2018), but it was much more extensively studied than the Oise amber. Here we describe the second representative of the subfamily Pristocerinae from the Oise amber. It corresponds to a new extinct genus and species.

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NAKAMINE, HIROSHI, SHÛHEI YAMAMOTO, and YUI TAKAHASHI. "Archaeomegalomus gen. nov.: A remarkable new brown lacewing from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae)." Zootaxa 5178, no. 4 (2022): 380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.4.

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A new fossil species of Hemerobiidae, Archaeomegalomus burmiticus gen. et sp. nov., is described from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar. This new genus is the third Mesozoic Hemerobiidae with a single stem of the radius posterior (RP) in the forewing. This suggests that A. burmiticus is one of the specialized side branches within the basal Hemerobiidae. Our study sheds more light on the Cretaceous diversity of Mesozoic brown lacewings, suggesting potentially higher generic and species paleodiversity of the hemerobiids in Burmese amber.

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8

Delfino, Massimo. "Herpetological paleodiversity: General considerations about the Italian fossil record of modern species." Italian Journal of Zoology 71, sup2 (2004): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250000409356600.

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NOGUEIRA, ANNA ANDRESSA EVANGELISTA, MARIA INÊS FEIJÓ RAMOS, and GENE HUNT. "Taxonomy of Ostracods from the Pirabas Formation (Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene), Eastern Amazonia (Pará State, Brazil)." Zootaxa 4573, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4573.1.1.

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Ostracods from the Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene Pirabas Formation, Northeastern Amazonia, Pará State, Brazil were examined from one subsurface and four outcrop sections. A total of 119 species were recognized and are illustrated; another 53 species were left in open nomenclature. Twenty-seven of the species are common to the Neogene of Caribbean, another two species are known from areas other than the Caribbean, and one species was already described from the studied unit. This study provides a robust taxonomic database for paleoenvironmental, biostratigraphic and paleogeographic studies an

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10

Valentine, James W., David Jablonski, Andrew Z. Krug, and Sarah K. Berke. "The sampling and estimation of marine paleodiversity patterns: implications of a Pliocene model." Paleobiology 39, no. 1 (2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373-39.1.1.

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Data that accurately capture the spatial structure of biodiversity are required for many paleobiological questions, from assessments of changing provinciality and the role of geographic ranges in extinction and originations, to estimates of global taxonomic or morphological diversity through time. Studies of temporal changes in diversity and global biogeographic patterns have attempted to overcome fossil sampling biases through sampling standardization protocols, but such approaches must ultimately be limited by available literature and museum collections. One approach to evaluating such limit

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Renaudie, Johan, and David B. Lazarus. "On the accuracy of paleodiversity reconstructions: a case study in Antarctic Neogene radiolarians." Paleobiology 39, no. 3 (2013): 491–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12016.

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The deep-sea Cenozoic planktonic microfossil record has the unique characteristics of continuously well-preserved populations of most species, with virtually unlimited sample size, and therefore constitutes, in principle, a major resource for macroevolutionary research. Antarctic Neogene radiolarians in particular, are diverse, abundant and consistently well-preserved and evolved rapidly. This fauna is, in theory, a near-perfect testing ground for paleodiversity reconstructions. In this study we determined the diversity history of these faunas from a new quantitative, taxonomically complete da

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Broly, Pierre, María De Lourdes Serrano-Sánchez, and Francisco J. Vega. "Diversity of the Crinocheta (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Early Miocene Chiapas amber, Mexico." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 35, no. 3 (2018): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2018.3.639.

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Currently, the Onisicdea (terrestrial isopods) is a massive Crustacea suborder of more than 3 700 species, but our knowledge of their paleodiversity is poor. In this paper, we present ten fossils of Crinocheta, the largest clade within the Onisicdea, discovered in Early Miocene (23 Ma) amber of Chiapas. We described three new genera and six new species including Palaeolibrinus spinicornis gen. nov. sp. nov., Armadilloniscus miocaenicus sp. nov., Archeostenoniscus robustus gen. nov. sp. nov., Archeostenoniscus mexicanus sp. nov., Palaeospherarmadillo mazanticus gen. nov. sp. nov., and Palaeosph

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Yin, Ziwei, Chenyang Cai, and Diying Huang. "New zorapterans (Zoraptera) from Burmese amber suggest higher paleodiversity of the order in tropical forests." Cretaceous Research 84 (April 2018): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.11.028.

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Macario, K. D., R. C. C. L. Souza, D. C. Trindade, et al. "Chronological Model of a Brazilian Holocene Shellmound (Sambaqui da Tarioba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)." Radiocarbon 56, no. 02 (2014): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200049547.

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Since the beginning of the Holocene, hunter-gatherers have occupied the central-south Brazilian coast, as it was a very productive estuarine environment. Living as fishers and mollusk gatherers, they built prehistoric shellmounds, known assambaqui, up to 30 m high, which can still be found today from the Espírito Santo (21°S) to Rio Grande do Sul (32°S) states, constituting an important testimony of paleodiversity and Brazilian prehistory. The chronology of the Sambaqui da Tarioba, situated in Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro, is discussed herein. Selected well-preserved shells ofIphigenia brasi

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Macario, K. D., R. C. C. L. Souza, D. C. Trindade, et al. "Chronological Model of a Brazilian Holocene Shellmound (Sambaqui da Tarioba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)." Radiocarbon 56, no. 2 (2014): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/56.16954.

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Since the beginning of the Holocene, hunter-gatherers have occupied the central-south Brazilian coast, as it was a very productive estuarine environment. Living as fishers and mollusk gatherers, they built prehistoric shellmounds, known as sambaqui, up to 30 m high, which can still be found today from the Espírito Santo (21°S) to Rio Grande do Sul (32°S) states, constituting an important testimony of paleodiversity and Brazilian prehistory. The chronology of the Sambaqui da Tarioba, situated in Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro, is discussed herein. Selected well-preserved shells of Iphigenia bra

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16

Mayhew, Peter J., Mark A. Bell, Timothy G. Benton, and Alistair J. McGowan. "Biodiversity tracks temperature over time." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 38 (2012): 15141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200844109.

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The geographic distribution of life on Earth supports a general pattern of increase in biodiversity with increasing temperature. However, some previous analyses of the 540-million-year Phanerozoic fossil record found a contrary relationship, with paleodiversity declining when the planet warms. These contradictory findings are hard to reconcile theoretically. We analyze marine invertebrate biodiversity patterns for the Phanerozoic Eon while controlling for sampling effort. This control appears to reverse the temporal association between temperature and biodiversity, such that taxonomic richness

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17

Yamamoto, Shûhei. "The smallest stag beetles (Coleoptera, Lucanidae): hidden paleodiversity in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar." Evolutionary Systematics 7, no. 2 (2023): 211–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.104597.

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The fossil record of stag beetles (Lucanidae), especially in Mesozoic amber, is sparse. Four additional fossil lucanids preserved in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar are here reported. All of these species are included in the primitive subfamily Aesalinae, and have been identified as: Protonicagus mandibularissp. nov. (tribe Nicagini); Cretognathus minutissimusgen. et sp. nov. (tribe Ceratognathini); Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 1 (provisional assignment); and Ceratognathini gen. et sp. indet. 2 (provisional assignment). Except for Protonicagus mandibularissp. nov., the s

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Carrillo-Briceño, Jorge D., Jaime A. Villafaña, Carlos De Gracia, F. Fernando Flores-Alcívar, René Kindlimann, and Juan Abella. "Diversity and paleoenvironmental implications of an elasmobranch assemblage from the Oligocene–Miocene boundary of Ecuador." PeerJ 8 (April 29, 2020): e9051. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9051.

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The occurrence and diversity of elasmobranchs from the Oligocene–Miocene boundary from Tropical America is poorly known in comparison with the paleodiversity from younger Neogene intervals of the region. Here we describe a new elasmobranch assemblage from the rich fossil site of Montañita-Olón (Dos Bocas Formation, Santa Elena, Ecuador), where other vertebrates have already been described: for example, sea turtles and cetaceans. We report a total of 27 elasmobranch taxa, 19 of which are new fossil records for Ecuador, 10 new records for the Central Eastern Pacific and four new records for Sout

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Yamamoto, Shûhei, Vitaly Yu Nazarenko, Dmitry V. Vasilenko, and Evgeny E. Perkovsky. "First fossil species of ship-timber beetles (Coleoptera, Lymexylidae) from Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine)." Fossil Record 25, no. 1 (2022): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.81054.

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A new lymexylid fossil species, †Raractocetus sverlilo Nazarenko, Perkovsky &amp; Yamamoto, sp. nov., is described from late Eocene Rovno amber of Ukraine. This new species is similar to species of the recent genera Atractocerus Palisot de Beauvois and Raractocetus Kurosawa in the ship-timber beetle subfamily Atractocerinae, but differs in pronotal and elytral features. Notably, the new species is one of the smallest atractocerines known to date. This is the first member of the family Lymexylidae found in Rovno amber. Our finding sheds further light on the paleodiversity of atractocerine b

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Carrillo-Briceño, Jorge D., and Edwin-Alberto Cadena. "A new hybodontiform shark (Strophodus Agassiz 1838) from the Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian) of Colombia." PeerJ 10 (June 2, 2022): e13496. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13496.

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The vertebrate marine faunas that inhabited northern South America during the Cretaceous are still poorly known. This study is a contribution to a growing wave of new studies on Lower Cretaceous vertebrates from Colombia. Here we report and describe a new species of a hybodontiform shark of the genus Strophodus, which we named Strophodus rebecae sp. nov., based on isolated teeth, that were collected in Valanginian-Hauterivian rocks of the Rosa Blanca Formation (Carrizal and El Sapo Members) near the town of Zapatoca, Santander Department, Andes of Colombia. In addition, we describe two other f

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Krings, Michael, Thomas N. Taylor, Edith L. Taylor, et al. "Microfossils from the Lower Devonian Rhynie Chert with suggested affinities to the peronosporomycetes." Journal of Paleontology 86, no. 2 (2012): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/11-087.1.

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A conspicuous silicified microfossil, Frankbaronia polyspora n. gen. n. sp., occurs in plant litter and as an inhabitant of microbial mats from the Lower Devonian Rhynie chert, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Specimens are elongate-cylindrical, oval, or spherical, thin-walled, and may possess conical or column-like surface projections. Most specimens occur isolated, some are arranged in pairs or short chains. Each specimen contains several small spheres, each in turn with a (sub)centric opaque inclusion. Immature specimens indicate that ontogenesis in this fossil includes the formation of a single ce

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Coelho, Marcos Vinícius, Camila Cupello, Paulo M. Brito, and Olga Otero. "Living Taxa and Their Importance in Understanding the Extinct Diversity: A Look at Polypterid Pinnules." Diversity 15, no. 4 (2023): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15040517.

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Pinnules are the peculiar, impaired spines that carry each of the numerous finlets that constitute the dorsal fins of polypterid fishes (Cladistia and Polypteriformes). Previous studies, including a recent detailed paper on the comparative analysis of the morphology of pinnules in most of the extant species (genera Polypterus and Erpetoichthys), suggest that they display unique characteristics that allow for species identification. Since most of the polypterid fossil records are composed of scales that lack specific characteristics and isolated pinnules, this work aims to test their taxonomic

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Ballesteros-Prada, Angelica, Mariel Luengo, Isabel Vilanova, Enrique Fucks, and Emiliana Bernasconi. "Foraminiferal paleodiversity and paleoenvironments at the NE coastal plain of Buenos Aires province (Argentina) during the Mid-Holocene sea level highstand." Holocene 31, no. 1 (2020): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620961511.

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In this investigation, we carried out a Mid-Holocene paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on fossilized benthic foraminifera, retrieved from sedimentary deposits located in Bahía Samborombón coastal plain. A total of 38 species, grouped into 19 genera, were identified. The assemblage, constituted mainly by Buccella peruviana (d’Orbigny), Cribroelphidium poeyanum (d’Orbigny), Ammonia parkinsoniana (d’Orbigny) and Ammonia tepida (Cushman), indicate predominantly abnormal marine conditions, characterized by low oxygen levels between ca. 6880–6640 and 5600–5430 yrs cal. BP. During this interval

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Dunhill, Alexander M. "Using remote sensing and a geographic information system to quantify rock exposure area in England and Wales: Implications for paleodiversity studies." Geology 39, no. 2 (2011): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g31503.1.

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25

Brenskelle, Laura, John Wieczorek, Edward Davis, et al. "A community-developed extension to Darwin Core for reporting the chronometric age of specimens." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (2022): e0261044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261044.

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Darwin Core, the data standard used for sharing modern biodiversity and paleodiversity occurrence records, has previously lacked proper mechanisms for reporting what is known about the estimated age range of specimens from deep time. This has led to data providers putting these data in fields where they cannot easily be found by users, which impedes the reuse and improvement of these data by other researchers. Here we describe the development of the Chronometric Age Extension to Darwin Core, a ratified, community-developed extension that enables the reporting of ages of specimens from deeper t

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Jovanovic, Gordana, Sejfudin Vrabac, and Stjepan Coric. "Stratigraphy revision of upper Badenian of Rakovica stream near Belgrade (Central Paratethys, Serbia)." Annales g?ologiques de la Peninsule balkanique 81, no. 1 (2020): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gabp200213005j.

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Belgrade area is a region of high paleobiodiversity, being ranked among the best known in Serbia. The prominent position among a number of Middle Miocene (Badenian) fossiliferous sites in the vicinity of Belgrade (southern Pannonian Basin, Central Paratethys) are occupied with sediments of Rakovica stream, also known as ?Rakovica sands?. Here, the integrated evidence based on new fossil findings of calcareous nannoplankton, foraminifera and molluscs assemblages, allows the stratigraphic revision of the clastic facies of the Rakovica succession. Based on the studies of lithological composition,

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Bennett, C. Verity, Paul Upchurch, Francisco J. Goin, and Anjali Goswami. "Deep time diversity of metatherian mammals: implications for evolutionary history and fossil-record quality." Paleobiology 44, no. 2 (2018): 171–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2017.34.

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AbstractDespite a global fossil record, Metatheria are now largely restricted to Australasia and South America. Most metatherian paleodiversity studies to date are limited to particular subclades, time intervals, and/or regions, and few consider uneven sampling. Here, we present a comprehensive new data set on metatherian fossil occurrences (Barremian to end Pliocene). These data are analyzed using standard rarefaction and shareholder quorum subsampling (including a new protocol for handling Lagerstätte-like localities).Global metatherian diversity was lowest during the Cretaceous, and increas

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Garcia-Artigas, Ruben, Ramon Mercedes-Martín, Joan Cartanyà, Arnau Bolet, Marc Riccetto, and Josep Fortuny. "Faunal composition and paleoenvironmental reconstruction of a Middle–Late Triassic boundary assemblage in the Pyrenean basin (Catalonia, NE Spain)." Journal of Paleontology 96, no. 2 (2021): 412–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2021.99.

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AbstractThe Ladinian–Carnian transition in the Tethys domain was accompanied by an important environmental change representing a milestone in the climate evolution of the Triassic. However, estimations on paleodiversity composition and paleoenvironmental conditions across this interval are scarce in marine settings due to the lack of fossil-bearing successions. In this work, a refined paleontological and sedimentological study has allowed us to better characterize a well-preserved marine ?Ladinian–Carnian carbonate succession in the South Central Pyrenees (Odèn site, Catalonia, NE Spain). Vert

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Wattinne, Aurélia, Christophe Lécuyer, Emmanuelle Vennin, Jean-Jacques Chateauneuf, and François Martineau. "Environmental changes around the Oligocene/Miocene boundary in the Limagne graben, Massif Central, France." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 189, no. 4-6 (2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2018019.

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Continental environments are very sensitive to climatic variations. A unique opportunity to study the climate changes around the Oligocene/Miocene boundary is offered by the Limagne graben Basin (France) where this stage boundary is well constrained by fossils. Indeed, some localities of the Limagne Graben Basin are so rich in mammal remains that they have become a European reference for mammal biostratigraphy. The dominant sedimentary facies of the lacustrine deposits in the northern part of the Limagne Graben Basin are composed of poorly cemented marls and calcarenites containing various pla

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McHugh, Julia B., Stephanie K. Drumheller, Anja Riedel, and Miriam Kane. "Decomposition of dinosaurian remains inferred by invertebrate traces on vertebrate bone reveal new insights into Late Jurassic ecology, decay, and climate in western Colorado." PeerJ 8 (July 15, 2020): e9510. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9510.

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A survey of 2,368 vertebrate fossils from the Upper Jurassic Mygatt-Moore Quarry (MMQ) (Morrison Formation, Brushy Basin Member) in western Colorado revealed 2,161 bone surface modifications on 884 specimens. This is the largest, site-wide bone surface modification survey of any Jurassic locality. Traces made by invertebrate actors were common in the assemblage, second in observed frequency after vertebrate bite marks. Invertebrate traces are found on 16.174% of the total surveyed material and comprise 20.148% of all identified traces. Six distinct invertebrate trace types were identified, inc

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Braga, José, G. Chinamatira, B. Zipfel, and V. Zimmer. "New fossils from Kromdraai and Drimolen, South Africa, and their distinctiveness among Paranthropus robustus." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18223-7.

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AbstractMost fossil hominin species are sampled with spatial, temporal or anatomical biases that can hinder assessments of their paleodiversity, and may not yield genuine evolutionary signals. We use new fossils from the Kromdraai (Unit P) and Drimolen sites (South Africa) to provide insights into the paleodiversity of the Lower Pleistocene robust australopith, Paranthropus robustus. Our focus is the morphology of the temporal bone and the relationships between size and shape (allometry) of the semi-circular canals (SCC), an aspect that has not yet been investigated among southern African aust

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Bocchi, Federica. "Biodiversity vs. paleodiversity measurements: the incommensurability problem." European Journal for Philosophy of Science 12, no. 4 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13194-022-00494-6.

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33

Bokulich, Alisa. "Using models to correct data: paleodiversity and the fossil record." Synthese, May 29, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-1820-x.

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34

Abella, J., P. Montoya, and J. Morales. "Paleodiversity of the Superfamily Ursoidea (Carnivora, Mammalia) in the Spanish Neogene, related to environmental changes." Journal of Iberian Geology 40, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_jige.2014.v40.n1.44083.

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Szawaryn, Karol, Vitalii Alekseev, and Andris Bukejs. "X-ray micro-computed tomography of minute hooded beetles (Coleoptera: Corylophidae) reveals its hidden paleodiversity in the Eocene Baltic amber." Palaeoworld, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2023.06.007.

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Coelho, Marcos Vinícius, Camila Cupello, Paulo M. Brito, and Olga Otero. "Taxonomical use of scale ornamentation: Challenges by intraspecific and intra‐individual variations in four adult specimens of Polypterus bichir." Journal of Fish Biology, April 23, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15752.

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AbstractMany actinopterygian fish groups, including fossil and extant polypteriforms and lepisosteiforms, fossil halecomorphs, and some basal teleosts, have stout bony scales covered by layers of ganoin—an enamel layer ornamented with minute tubercles. Ganoid scales preserve well as disarticulated remains and notably constitute most of the fossil record for polypteriform in both South America and Africa. Based on two variables (tubercle size and distance between tubercles), some authors reported that the ganoin tubercle ornamentation in these scales is constant within a species and differs bet

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Lazarus, David, and Johan Renaudie. "Paleobiodiversity and Earth Science Paleoenvironmental Data." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 3 (June 13, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.37066.

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Paleontology lies at the interface of earth sciences, biology and geologic time. When matched to histories of environmental change, such data is ideally suited to understanding how climate/environmental change affects biodiversity, and even how biodiversity change affects climate. Paleontologic and earth science collections, the data derived from them, and the global data infrastructures used in research are distinctively different than those in biology. Geologic time-linked earth science collections are found in geologic surveys, the oil industry and in museums as rock samples and sediment co

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