Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paléoenvironnement'
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Lézine, Anne-Marie. "Paléoenvironnements végétaux d'Afrique Nord-Tropicale depuis 12000 B. P. : analyse pollinique de séries sédimentaires continentales (Sénégal-Mauritanie)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22010.
Full textUmer, Mohammed Mohammed. "Paléoenvironnement et paléoclimatologie des derniers millénaires en Ethiopie : contribution palynologique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30065.
Full textBallouche, Aziz. "Paléoenvironnement de l'homme fossile holocène au Maroc : apports de la palynologie." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10668.
Full textEl, Meknassi Sofia. "Enregistrement des isotopes du Sr dans les coquilles et l'eau de mer côtière : réévaluation multi-échelles du cycle du Sr pour des implications paléoenvironnementales et chimiostratigraphiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30200.
Full textPast reconstructions of the isotopic Sr composition (87Sr / 86Sr) of marine carbonate skeletons (MCS) are very widely used by chemostratigraphs and palaeoenvironmentalists because they allow to reconstruct variations of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the ocean across geological time. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions and chemostratigraphic dating are based on the consensus that MCS precipitate their carbonate skeletons at the isotopic equilibrium with surrounded seawater, that is considered as homogeneous at global scale due to a residence time of Sr (2 Ma) higher than the global ocean mixing duration(1600 years). Their reliability as chemostratigraphic tools can therefore be questioned, in particular because no formal evaluation of biological and environmental biases has been carried out at a global scale. This study proposes a global reassessment of the Sr isotopic composition of both MCS and seawater of coastal and oligotrophic environments. The isotopic signature of MCS and coastal water is largely influenced by continental inputs that can modify their isotopic signatures. In fact, given these heterogeneities, this study has recalculated the Sr residence time. Finally, this study propose a better understanding of the global strontium cycle at different time scale
Ghlis, Menouar. "Biostratigraphie et paléoenvironnements du campanien et du maastrichtien du Sud-Constantinois, Algérie." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066688.
Full textGirard, Vincent. "Microcénoses des ambres médio-crétacés français : taphonomie, systématique, paléoécologie et reconstitution du paléoenvironnement." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00524648.
Full textCharbonnier, Sylvain. "Le Lagerstätte de La Voulte-sur-Rhône (France, Callovien) : paléoenvironnement, biodiversité et taphonomie." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10266.
Full textThe La Voulte Lagerstätte (Ardèche, France) is characterized by a diverse and exceptionnaly well-preserved fauna that dates back to the Lower Callovian (MiddLe Jurassic, ca 160 Myr). It is located along the western margin of the South East Basin that belongs to the Tethyan Ocean. During the Jurassic, this margin was characterizd by a complex submarine palaeotopography of tilted blocks generated by a series of faults inherited from the Hercynain tectonics. The submarine relief was steep and corresponded to a major break in the marine bottoms. The sedimentation was dominated by marls and calcareous mudstones suggesting a low energy and deep-water depositional environment. These deposits may be affected by local sedimentary slides (slumps) originating from the fault-controlled escarpment and thus confirming the strong tectonic control. These sediments are rich in fossils whose composition and quality of preservation differ in the two main localities studied here : the Chénier Ravine and the Mines Ravine where the La voulte Lagertstätte crops out. The fossils from the Chénier Ravine consist excusively of biomineralized skeletons that occurs in alternations of marls and marly limestones. The fauna is dominated by siliceous sponges (Haxactinellids : 11 species, Lithistids : 6 species) and stalked crinoids (Cyrtocrinids : 7 species). Palaeoecological comparisons with Recent representatives of the two groups indicate a deep-water palaeoenvironmental setting probably located in the bathyal zone. The fauna from the La Voulte Lagerstätte contains both numerous sideritic nodules with frequently 3D-preserved crustaceans and marly horizons rich in more or less flattened softbodied fossils. The updated faunal inventory recognizes about 60 soecies distributed within arthropods, coleoid cephalopods, marine worms, echinoderms, vertebrates, bivalves and brachiopods. The major components of the fauna are the arthropods (50 % of the species), the coleoid cephalopods (10 %) and the echinoderms (10 %). Among the arthropods, four groups dominate in numerical abundance : the Thylacocephalans (33 % of the specimens), and the Solenoceridae (23 %), the Coleiidae (16 %) and the Penaeidae (9 %) crustaceans. The composition and some anatomical features (e. G. Bioluminescent organs, hypertrophy of eyes) of thes arthropods suggest a relatively deepèwater environment characterized by dim-light conditions. The coleoid cephalopods (cirrate octopods, vampyromorph, squids, giant teuthoid squis) and other organisme described here for the first time (sea spiders, sea stars) have Recent analogues that all live in deep water niches always exceeding 200 m. The fauna as a whole bears the characteristic features (composition, adaptive features) of the present-day bathyal fauna. The la voulte Lagerstätte may be one of the rare Jurassic Lagerstätten, if not the unique, to have fossilized a deep marine fauna. It brings key-information and original data on the biodiversity of an assumed bathyal environment during the Middle Jurassic. The presence of both thick iron deposits and unusual sedimentary minerals (e. G. Galena, sphalerite, barite, celestite) may indicate hydrothermal processes (vents, cold seeps ? ), in possible relation with the activity of the La Voulte fault. The fauna from the Lagerstätte, by its composition, preservation and remarkable in situ concentration of benthic organisms shows some ressemblances with Recent faunal communities living in the vicinity of hydrothermal vents. The main difference with these present-day hydrothermal communities is the absence of characteristic sessile benthos (ex : giant bivalves, tubeworms) but the originality and the remarkable abundacne of the crustaceans reinforce the hydrothermal hypothesis. The La Voulte Lagerstätte, exceptional on several accounts, might be considered as a very particular deep-ssea possibly linked to marine hydrothermal site
Tavares, Tatiana da Silva. "Ammonites et échinides de l'Albien du bassin de Benguela (Angola) : systématique, biostratigraphie, paléoenvironnement et paléobiogéographie." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS002.
Full textThe Benguela sedimentary basin was selected to revise the Albian biostratigraphy of the Angolan margin. Seven localities were thus retained, distributed along approximately 120 km from North to South. Of the 30 lithostratigraphic sections sampled, bed-by-bed, with centimetric precision, only 18 are presented in this study. An analysis of macrofaunal systematics described 91 ammonite species, including one new species. The echinofauna comprises 23 species, including nine new ones. This study of the macrofauna of the Albian in Angola comes after an absence of research lasting over half a century in the case of Echinidea and 20 years for ammonites. The study of the ammonite fauna allows the identification of 17 horizons distributed in 8 subzones correlated with the zonation of the Tethyan Province. Such a precise division is proposed for the first time for the Albian of this area
REYNAUD, VAGANAY STEPHANIE. "Controle environnemental de la physiologie et de la composition isotopique du squelette des scleractiniaires a zooxanthelles : approche experimentale." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5406.
Full textFesneau, Corinne. "Enregistrement des changements climatiques dans le domaine téthysien au Valanginien." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS052.
Full textThe Valanginian is characterized by a 13C positive incursion, outlining an increase in productivity that started in the Campylotoxus zone and reached its maximum in the Verrucosum zone. In order to detail the environmental changes and their chronology, this work focused on three basins located in the Tethysian domain: the Vocontian basin, the Betic basin, and the Lombardian basin. The method consisted in the study of clay assemblages, organic matter geochemistry, and paleotemperature reconstruction, based on isotopic composition analyses of belemnites. From the data gathered, a scenario is proposed. The environmental perturbations seem to begin in the Campylotoxus zone. The end of this zone is characterized by an increase in productivity and preservation of organic matter. This led to a significant cooling. Ice, permanent or not, appeared at higher paléolatitudes. Their formation triggered a sea-level fall at the Campylotoxus-Verrucosum transition, leading to higher kaolinite contents in the three domains studied. The setting-up of upwellings also contributed to organic productivity. A positive feedback loop seems to have maintained relatively cold conditions until the beginning of the Hauterivian. The production of organic matter has likely been initiated by the conjunction of several factors. There was probably an upwelling system at the beginning of the Valanginian. Also, the aerial volcanism recorded at the beginning of the Campylotoxus zone could have played a significant role in the organic production through the fertilization of oceans
Capet, Xavier. "Paléoenvironnements et diagenèse argileuse dans le domaine Caraïbe au Cénozoïque." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10046.
Full textRoger, Stéphan. "Datations 40Ar/39Ar de niveaux volcaniques intercalés dans des séquences sédimentaires lacustres et marines, pléistocènes à messiniennes : implications paléoenvironnementales." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30047.
Full textMhamdi, Alaoui Asmae. "Environnement et paléoenvironnement d'un écosystème côtier : la lagune de Moulay Bousselham, côte atlantique marocaine." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13967.
Full text[Abstract not provided]
Carrillo, Hernandez Teresita de Jesus. "Caractérisation moléculaire et isotopique de biomarqueurs de milieux de dépôt anciens très immatures : (Jurassique supérieur de la plate-forme russe)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13006.
Full textDuring the Middle Volgian (Late Tithonian, 140 Myrs), an important organic matter-rich formation has been deposited on the Russian platform. These sediments were only little buried during their geological history; they represent therefore an exceptional opportunity to study particularly well-preserved molecular fossils. In the present study, we investigated the distribution and stable carbon isotopic composition of individual biomarkers from a series of shales from an outcrop belonging to this formation (Gorodische outcrop, Russia). The organic extracts of these sediments are mainly made up of polar macromolecules (80%) and the free hydrocarbons represent only minor constituents indicative of a highly immature organic matter derived from terrestrial plants, phytoplankton, bacteria et cyanobacteria deposited under fairly anoxic conditions. Investigation of the distribution of polar biomarkers has revealed the presence of functionalized membrane lipids that were exceptionally well preserved. Among these, a series of high molecular weight polyol hopanoids were detected, comprising a compound showing structural features close to those of -ribosylhopane, a putative biosynthetic precursor of bacteriohopanepolyols. In addition, it was possible to identify by HPLC-MS analysis of the polar fractions intact diglycerol tetraethers, the distribution of which being characteristic of membrane lipids from pelagic archaea (Crenarchaeotes). The present work extends the geological occurrence of such archaea up to the Late Jurassic and suggests that these archaeal lipids represent interesting proxies to estimate past sea surface temperatures
Lebedel, Vanessa. "Enregistrement de l'évènement anoxique cénomanien supérieur-turonien inférieur à l'ouest de la plateforme saharienne : sédimentologie, paléontologie, géochimie et minéralogie." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30074.
Full textThe global oceanic anoxic event (also known as OAE2) recorded at the Cenomanian–Turonian transition is widely recognized by a positive δ13C excursion. Its causes and mechanisms are still widely debated. In the North Atlantic and Tethyan oceans, the onset of poorly oxygenated conditions associated with the global event during the late Cenomanian seems to be mainly due to: 1/ the global palaeogeography, with a configuration of almost closed ocean basins, and 2/an enhanced palaeoproductivity, which could be linked to intense chemical weathering of continental land masses under hot and humid climates, and/or the influence of Caribbean Large Igneous Provinces as well as increased volcanic and hydrothermal activity at mid-ocean ridges. The major goal of this thesis is to characterize the Cenomanian-Turonian event, based on multidisciplinary studies of the West Saharan platform. For this purpose, sedimentological, palaeontological, stratigraphical, geochemical and mineralogical studies are carried out on the carbonate platform of the Preafrican Trough, Morocco. This platform is located on the western part of the Saharan platform, where sedimentation is subject to Tethyan and Atlantic marine influences. The anoxic/dysoxic is also investigated in other regions (Agadir cross section, along the Moroccan Atlantic margin, and Northern Tunisia, along the Tethyan margin) to bring new light to bear on our understanding of this event. During the late Cenomanian, the Preafrican Trough carbonate platform shows an East-West polarity. Shallow inner ramp/peritidal environments dominate in the eastern part, associated with an abundant and diverse fauna, while deeper environments of the mid/outer ramp are more prevalent in the western part, with rare and poorly diversified fauna, mainly composed of opportunist benthic and planktonic foraminifera. The combination of geochemical analyses (major, minor and trace elements) and palaeontological data indicate low palaeoproductivity and well-oxygenated waters; bottom waters are slightly dysoxic in the western part of the platform. During a second-order transgressive cycle in the Cenomanian, the Preafrican Trough is isolated from the Atlantic Ocean by thresholds, sometimes emerging above sea level. As a result, dysoxia is probably linked to the influx of poorly-oxygenated waters from the deeper anoxic basin of the Tethyan Ocean. In post-global event times, during the transgression maximum of the early Turonian, deposits in the Preafrican Trough record major sedimentological, palaeontological and geochemical disturbances. An outer ramp environment is established on the platform, which is colonized by opportunistic benthic and surface planktonic foraminifera. Geochemical and palaeontological proxies record high palaeoproductivity, leading to the establishment of dysoxic conditions in the bottom and intermediate waters. Similar disturbances are recorded in the Agadir section, where black shales are present. These dysoxic conditions, developed after the δ13C positive excursion, are also recognized in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and the western part of the Saharan platform. The causes and mechanisms of this dysoxic episode are poorly understood. Based on our new Turonian data and the different models available for the late Cenomanian global anoxic event, it is possible to propose some mechanisms for the onset of Turonian dysoxia. Pacific Ocean bottom waters, rich in nutrients derived from the volcanic and hydrothermal activity of the Caribbean LIPs and oceanic ridge, were advected towards the east by ocean bottom currents and reached the Atlantic coast of Morocco. Then, upwelling led to the ascent of nutrients into the surface waters, increasing their palaeoproductivity. The decay of organic matter caused dysoxia/anoxia in the bottom and intermediate waters. At the same time, the eustatic rise in sea level facilitated the connection between the Agadir region and the Preafrican Trough, via the Ouarzazate Basin, thus favoring the migration of Atlantic waters toward the Preafrican Trough platform. The enhanced contribution of Atlantic nutrients reinforced the palaeoproductivity, supplying nutrients in addition to those derived from local weathering of the Anti-Atlas, under hot and wet climate conditions
Langlois, Cyril. "L'enregistrement isotopique des tissus minéralisés des vertébrés : apports de la modélisation numérique à l'estimation des influences de la physiologie, de l'écologie et du régime alimentaire." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10061.
Full textBeaudouin, Célia. "Effets du dernier cycle climatique sur la végétation de la basse vallée du Rhône et sur la sédimentation de la plate-forme du golfe du Lion d'après la palynologie." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10196.
Full textSivan, Olivier. "Activité érosive et évolution des paléoenvironnements alpins postglaciaires : Etude dendrogéomorphologique des gisements de troncs subfossiles dans les Alpes du Sud." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10071.
Full textLikius, Andossa. "Les grands ongulés du mio-pliocène du Tchad (rhinocerotidae, giraffidae, camelidae) : systématique, implications paléobiogéographiques et paléoenvironnementales." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2335.
Full textFrançois, Eric. "La variation morphologique des Toxaster (Echinide irrégulier, Crétacé inférieur) : implications dans la reconstitution des paléoenvironnements et la phylogenèse." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS062.
Full textThe early evolutionary radiation of spatangoids occurred among species of the paraphyletic genus Toxaster (Berriasian-Cenomanian), and involved relatively little morphological differentiation. Among primitive spatangoids and particularly in Toxaster, the characters exhibiting functional variation are often also involved in taxonomic distinctions, complicating the placement of individuals in a species or even in a genus. Patterns of intraspecific and interspecific morphological variation in Toxaster are analyzed in order to test for the impact of environmental factors (paleoceanographic context and sedimentary environment) on the evolution of morphology. The degree of interspecific character stability within this primitive spatangoid genus is evaluated with two distinct approaches, one based on a comparison of developmental trajectories, and the other based on an analysis of the variability of the apical system. The diversification of Toxaster involved several dozen species
Moussa, Abderamane. "Les séries sédimentaires fluviatiles, lacustres et éoliennes du bassin du Tchad depuis le Miocène terminal." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6185.
Full textIn Africa, particularly in the Chad Basin, the dynamics of the paleoenvironment during Mio-Pliocene has played a critical role in the history of the emergence and evolution of early Hominids. This work aims at the reconstruction of the depositional environment of Chad Basin during the last 7 Million years, and to define the link between the arenaceous facies at the basin boundaries and the argilaceous facies at the basin center. Particular attention has been given to the environments and dynamics of hominids sites in the northern part of the basin, in an important zone which played a buffer role swaying in hydroclimatic fluctuations. In addition the study aimed at retracing the general history of Chad lake since its origin, at least 7 Million years ago, until the end of Quaternary, with detailed analysis of the last clogging of the Chari alluvial plain. A wide spectrum of facies are described, ranging from lacustrin to eolian and including margino-littoral, deltaic or peri-lacustrine facies. For the first time, the age of formation of the lacustrine system in Chad basin has been determined. Although the general stratigraphy was deciphered since the sixties, no study has been specifically dedicated to the facies interpretation for these sedimentary series, due to the poor outcrop occurrences and the difficulties arising in facies correlation and chronostratigraphic determinations. This study is an essential contribution to recognize the sedimentary series of the Chad Basin. It provides new data for the understanding of the evolution of paleoenvironments and paleoclimates of Chad, Sahara and Africa since the end of Miocene up to the present day
Boumir, Khadija. "Paléoenvironnements de dépôt et transformations post-sedimentaires des sables fauves du bassin du sais (Maroc)." Nancy 1, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1990_0377_BOUMIR.pdf.
Full textFadhlaoui, Sahbi. "Héritages holocènes et dynamiques morphologiques du bassin versant de l’oued Massengh et ses confluences avec les oueds Sbiba et el Hathob (Dorsale Tunisienne-Tunisie du centre ouest)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040228.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of paleoenvironmental and Holocene morphological dynamics in the watershed Massengh and its confluence with the wadis and Sbiba el Hathob (Tunisia's center-west). After studying the physical part of the evolution of Holocene and current environments, the thesis focusesinitiallyon chronostratigraphy inheritances and sedimentary archives. The reconstruction of paleoenvironmentaland morphogenesis Holocene is attempted, in a second step. To summarize, the thesis studies in depth the currentmorphodynamic evolution of the fluvial environment across the space of confluences
Savary, Bérengère. "Dynamique de dépôt et géométries des turbidites carbonatées : Barrémien-Aptien de l'Oman et du Sud-Est de la France." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10244.
Full textHaidar, Ammar. "Évolution de l'environnement au Levant nord de l'Épipaléolithique au présent à travers l'étude des microfaunes fossiles et actuelles." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100147.
Full textAgassounon, Léonard Coffi. "Evolution pédo-sédimentaire du géosystème margino-littoral de l'Ouémé-Sô au cours de l'holocène (Bénin, Afrique de l'Ouest)." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS042.
Full textMpeck, Bitjig Élie. "Contribution des poussières sahariennes à la sédimentation du pléistocène supérieur au Nord Cameroun : la formation de Doyang." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066204.
Full textBaudu, Valérie. "Les palynomorphes, marqueurs de paléoenvironnement et indicateurs de variations eustatiques dans le Dévonien inférieur armoricain (France)." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10112.
Full textQuiers, Marine. "Traceurs organiques dans les spéléothèmes : approche expérimentale et application au paléoenvironnement holocène du Massif des Bauges." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA035/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to demonstrate the interest of speleothems as pedologic archives to reconstruct high resolution soil history during the Holocene. Experimental study was applied to test proxies robustness as environmental tracers. These robust tracers are used to reconstruct environmental evolution in the Bauges Massif during the last 6000 years.Organic matter (OM) d13C (tracer of OM dynamic in soils) and lipids (tracers of source contributors) were analyzed complementary to the d13C of calcite. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) were used as a “probe” to understand organic molecular transport from soils, and to record past natural and anthropogenic combustions. Attention was paid on the optimization of extraction method in order to obtain a temporal resolution suitable for environmental issues. Results obtained are not workable because of their lack of robustness attributed to analytical issues (d13COM, lipids), to speleothem water feeding type (PAH), or to site-specific effect (d13C).OM semi-quantitative and qualitative variations were recorded at high resolution using the solid-phase fluorescence (SPF) analysis. A protocol was developed to quantify the fluorescence intensity obtained with SPF. Liquid-phase fluorescence intensity of soil and stalagmite OM extracts was coupled with high resolution SPF using a non linear model. OM fluxes record was obtained for a stalagmite-test from the Vercors Massif (last 400 years).A composite record of SPF intensity and d18O was created from 3 stalagmites from the Bauges Massif (Précieux room, Garde-Cavale system), spanning the last 6000 years. It enabled the interpretation of paleoenvironmental variations which shows a change from a climatic to anthropogenic control.This study shows that SPF is a reliable tool to record soil history during Holocene with high resolution. However, organic proxies coupling highlights the limit of their use, induced by a weak robustness. Combination of SPF and d18O enabled to reconstruct environmental variations during the Holocene. This interpretation could be improved by integrating other proxies such as rare earths or trace elements, which could not have been tested during this work due to experimental issues
Gastineau, Renaldo. "Paléosismologie lacustre et géophysique appliquées au lac d'Iznik (Turquie) : contribution à l'étude de la branche médiane de la Faille Nord-Anatolienne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALU025.
Full textIn Turkey, the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), which accommodates the westward movement of Anatolia with respect to Eurasia, is one of the most active faults in the world. A series of earthquakes (M>6.8) have propagated from east to west during the last century. The next rupture seems to be expected in the Marmara region, south of Istanbul. However, the geometry of this fault becomes more complex in this region. It splits into three branches, one of which borders the southern Marmara Sea and Lake Iznik. This median segment of the NAF (MNAF) has very low seismicity today, and low displacements are recorded by GPS, which leads to considering it inactive. However, the city of Iznik, the cradle of Christianity, has preserved valuable historical evidence in contrast to its observations. Six destructive earthquakes have been mentioned since antiquity. To better understand the seismic hazard in this area, it is necessary to catalogue the seismic activity and locate past ruptures.The use of lakes as natural seismometers has already proved its worth. This thesis has identified two active faults after different geophysical and coring campaigns in Lake Iznik. The first part of this work focuses on the antic period. The study of short (<4m) sediment cores sampled on both sides of the EW fault passing near the Iznik city shows that the last rupture, dating from 1065 CE, corresponds to a devastating historical earthquake. In addition to this localised rupture, numerous other event deposits are present in the sediments (laterally and temporally). This thesis has (1) differentiated between flood deposits and deposits related to slope destabilisation, most of which are associated with high confidence with historical earthquakes; (2) shown that different types of deposits are recorded for the same earthquake. At the lake scale, the difference in depositional type depends on the source-core distance. One type of deposition is only observed for the 1065 CE earthquake, which takes place in the lake, unlike the others, suggesting that this type of deposition may depend on ground motion parameters.This thesis also presents a compilation of marine and lake palaeoseismological work carried out at the scale of the NW of the NAF, allowing discussion of the limitations of this method. Thus, the concept of basin sensitivity (relationship between the sedimentation rate and the triggering of a slope destabilisation due to an earthquake) does not work in the marine environment, contrary to the lacustrine environment. It is also shown that Lake Iznik records earthquakes from both the NNAF and the MNAF, while the Sea of Marmara seems to record only earthquakes from the NNAF. We also show that contrary to what was previously thought, no earthquakes of Mw>5 have been recorded on the MNAF since the 11th century, suggesting a significant accumulation of stress on this fault since then.The last part of this thesis focuses on the long term (>2000 years) using seismic and core data. Significant lake level variations have been revealed for more than 40 ka and offer many perspectives to understand the respective parts of tectonic and climatic forcing in these fluctuations. This thesis opens up many perspectives, whether about lake level variations or aspects related to the seismic cycle. Furthermore, it has enabled the preparation and execution of a long coring campaign (up to 15 metres) on four different sites in November 2021. It, therefore, contains essential keys to decipher the secrets of Lake Iznik further and improve the understanding of the seismic cycle on long time scales
Chartier, Michèle. "Étude des paléoenvironnements de la vallée de l'Aisne à l'holocène." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070132.
Full textThis study comes as the contribution to pluridisciplinary. The project vhom subject is the natural surrounding of middle valley in oceanic conditions at holocene period. We intend to represent the inter-relations between protohistorical communauties and their environment through investigations within and without archeological sites. We aim to show that this area has remained very stable since the begining of the holocene period : the aisne river -a majeur hydrological axe- rapidly flowed back into its present talweg and no digressing channel or over flowing silt has been observed beyond the present inondation zone. However, important modifications of the sand sediments at the late weichselien, hamper the legibility of archeological structures. The balance -erosion sedimentation- in secondary valleys shows that the first records of anthropic impact date from the chalcolitic age and preceed period of intense landclearing at the iron age and the roman and medieval periods. This finding collaborate hypothesis of archeologues. The micromorphological studies of anthropogenic sediments leads of to distinguisch certains caracteristics of ancient anthropological pratices on neolitic sites such the frequent burning of land which gives sediments its black hue, for a long time, attributed to the pedological evolution. At the end of this investigations, microaeras of work and pattern have been defined. Middling time, data will be integrate into a regional geographical information system
Oulebsir, Lhacène. "Chitinozoaires et palynomorphes dans l'ordovicien du Sahara algérien : biostratigraphie et approches des paléoenvironnements." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10068.
Full textMurat, Anne. "Enregistrement sédimentaire des paléoenvironnements quaternaires en Méditerranée orientale." Perpignan, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PERP0138.
Full textOualembo, Patricia-Judith. "Les successions de grains verts argileux méso-cénozoiques du bassin marin congolais : paléoenvironnement, sédimentologie, minéralogie et géochimie." Perpignan, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PERP0167.
Full textMayrinck, Diogo de. "Relações filogenéticas dos Otophysi (Actinopterygii, Teleostei), com ênfase em Characiformes, incluindo as formas fósseis." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/18262/2010-De-Mayrinck-Diogo-These.pdf.
Full textThe clade Otophysi, present nowadays on all continents, with the exception of Antartic, is formed by four distinct groups (cf. , Characiformes, Siluriformes, Gymnotiformes, and Cypriniformes). According to the last phylogenetic hypotheses this clade is supported by the presence of the Weberian Apparatus (cf. , modifications on the first occipital vertebrae creating a anatomical complex responsible for transmitting vibrations captured by the swimming blade to the inner ear) and a terminal vertebral centrum composed by the fusion of the preural 1 and ural centra. The present study presents an anatomical revision of certain fossil fish species (cf. , †Lusitanichthys characiformis, †L. Africanus, †Santanichthys diasii, †Chanoides weberi, †C. Chardoni, †C. Macropoma, †Salminops ibericus, and †Sorbinicharax verraesi) originally described as primitive Otophysi for possessing, among other characters, a Weberian Apparatus similar to the observed on the recent taxa. At the same time, this thesis made a revision of the characters used on the last phylogenetic proposal for Otophysi. The referred fossils were included in a phylogenetic analysis, alongside with species from each extant group of Otophysi, in order to test the position of those fossils in relation to each other and also to the extant groups. A parsimony analysis of a 90 characters confirmed the inclusion of these fossils within the clade Otophysi. The analysis also kept the monophyly of the genus †Lusitanichthys, allowed to question the monophyly of the genus †Chanoides, showed the genera †Salminops and †Sorbinicharax as a monophyletic group, and, finally, presented †Santanichthys as the sister group of the clade formed by the extant taxa, with the exception of Cypriniformes
O clado Otophysi, presente atualmente em todos os continentes, com exceção da Antártica, é formado por quatro grupos distintos (cf. , Characiformes, Siluriformes, Gymnotiformes, and Cypriniformes). De acordo com a última hipótese filogenética, esse clado é suportado pela presença do Aparato de Weber (cf. , modificações nas primeiras vértebras occipitais criando um complexo anatômico responsável pela transmissão de vibrações da bexiga natatória para o ouvido interno) e um centro vertebral terminal composto formado pela fusão dos centro pré-ural 1 e centro ural 1. O presente estudo apresenta uma revisão anatômica de algumas espécies fósseis (cf. , †Lusitanichthys characiformis, †L. Africanus, †Santanichthys diasii, †Chanoides weberi, †C. Chardoni, †C. Macropoma, †Salminops ibericus, and †Sorbinicharax verraesi) originalmente descritas como Otophysi primitivos por possuirem, entre outros caraceres, um Aparato de Weber similar àquele observado nos táxon recentes. Ao mesmo tempo, essa tese faz uma revisão dos caracteres utilizados na última proposta filogenética para os Otophysi. Os fósseis supracitados foram incluídos em uma análise filogenética juntamente com espécies pertencentes aos grupos atuais de Otophysi, a fim de testar a posição desses fósseis entre si e entre as espécies recentes. Uma análise de parcimônia com 90 caracteres corroborou a inclusão desses fósseis entre os Otophysi. Essa análise manteve a condição monofilética do gênero †Lusitanichthys, permitiu o questionamento do monofiletismo do gênero †Chanoides, mostrou †Salminops e †Sorbinicharax como um grupo monofilético e por fim apresentou †Santanichthys como grupo irmão do clado formado pelos táxons atuais, com exceção de Cypriniformes
Hutangkura, Trongjai. "L'analyse pollinique des séquences sédimentaires hologènes de la basse plaine centrale de Thailande et ses implications pour comprendre les changements paléoenvironnementaux et phytogéographiques." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE2026.
Full textBerthelin, Martine. "Flore mixte du Permien de l'Oman et Pangées permiennes : dynamique de mise en place et signification paléoécologique, paléoclimatique et paléogéographique." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066035.
Full textDjennadi, Radia. "Sédimentation organo-minérale d'une tourbière d'altitude (site de Siberia, Bolivie) : marqueur des changements d'environnement au cours des derniers 13000 ans, implications paléo-climatiques." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2021.
Full textDegardin, Jean-Marie. "Le silurien des Pyrénées : biostratigraphie et paléogéographie." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10164.
Full textSegalen, Loïc. "Evolution environnementale du Désert du Namib depuis le Miocène : apports de la sédimentologie et des rapports isotopiques (13C, 18O) mesurés sur des coquilles d'oeufs de ratites." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066484.
Full textCourty-Fedoroff, Marie-Agnès. "Environnements géologiques dans le nord-ouest de l'Inde : contraintes géodynamiques au peuplement protohistorique : Bassins de la Ghaggar-Saraswati-Chautang." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR10571.
Full textAndrieu, Valérie. "Dynamique du paléoenvironnement de la vallée montagnarde de la Garonne (Pyrénées centrales, France) de la fin des temps glaciaires à l'actuel." Toulouse 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU20020.
Full textThe palaeoenvironment dynamics of the upper watershed of the Garonne river have been established from the end of the glacial times until the present-day on the basis of palynologicval, sedimentological and isotopical analysis. During the pleniwurm, the regional vegetation consisted of a steppe with poaceae. The two cold episodes suggested by the fall of delta 18 0 slightly before 1750+ -300 bp and between 15800+ -270 bp and 15100+ -300 bp are the equivalent of the cold episodes recorded in the oceans around 18000 bp and 15000 bp. During the oldest dryas, between 15100+ -300 bp and 13490+ -220 bp, a steppe with artemisia established itself locally, as a result of a climate warming, also suggested by higher delta 18 0 values. The beginning of the bolling was characterised by the establishment of a sparse woodland with betula and a bushland with juniperus. During the lateglacial interstadial, the notable increase of the delta 18 0 and the delta 13 c suggests markedly warmer climatic conditions. At the beginning of the holocene, a medio-european type oak forest penetrated with corylus and ulmus established itself. The atlantic was characterized by the expansion of an oak forest with tilia
Alouane, Mustapha. "Les formations quaternaires du littoral atlantique de la province de Tanger (Maroc)." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10692.
Full textForel, Marie-Béatrice. "Extinctions et reconquêtes au cours des événements de la limite Permien-Trias : Les Ostracodes (Crustacea)." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066417.
Full textThe transition between Permian and Triassic is marked by fundamental evolutive and ecological changes for organisms. After the extinction that killed more than 90% of marine species, the biotopes show a delayed recovery during all the Early Triassic. The exact mechanisms of this extinction are still debated but anoxia of marine waters seems to have played a major role. Upwelling of anoxic waters and supersaturated in CaCO3 on platforms is considered to be at the origin of atypical microbial deposits at the base of the Griesbachian (H. Parvus zone). These microbialites have long been considered as azoic. Several sites in Paleo‐Tethys and on the cathaysian border of Panthalassa have been sampled for ostracods studies in different bathymetrical setting and with/without microbialites. Ostracods, marine benthic microcrustaceans, were also deeply affected by these events and show very impoverished faunas (when present) at the base of Triassic. Their recovery seems complete in the upper Anisian. Important assemblages of ostracods are here found within the microbialites. This association tends to traduce the good alimentary resources represented by bacteria and their photosynthetic activity. However, the characteristics of ostracods assemblages show the influence of environmental stress (high abundance, low diversity, intraspecific variability). The evolution of ostracods size from upper Permian to the base of Griesbachian shows miniaturization within the microbialites. They gather into ontogenic series, showing that they are not adults but larval stages. Then, microbialites are here interpreted as refugia with a buffer role between ostracods and environmental conditions. Ostracods from microbialites are mainly typical of environments stable and without stress (Bairdioidea) showing that the base of water column was neither anoxic nor dysoxic on the platform of these zones. Microbialites also appear as independent from bathymetry, in the limit of photic zone. Paleoenvironmental conditions show disparities during all Early Triassic according to paleogeographical regions. The presence of microbialites at the base of Griesbachian masks circulatory conditions. In the upper Griesbachian, an upwelling of oxygenated waters is seen of the South China Block facing Panthalassa. Dienerian faunas show relatively better conditions in the Neo‐Tethys than in the Panthalassa. During Smithian, Paleo‐Tethys seems less oxygenated and more stressful than Neo‐Tethys and Panthalassa. Spathian and Anisian show again compartmented conditions. Paleobiogeographical reconstructions traduce links between Panthalassa, Paleo‐ and Neo‐Tethys during all Late Permian and Early Triassic
Grohé, Camille. "Les Hyaenodontida de l'Éocène Libyen et les Carnivora du Miocène moyen d'Asie du Sud-Est : systématique et implications paléobiogéographiques." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT2295.
Full textHyaenodontida and Carnivora are two carnivorans clades exhibiting an important taxonomic and ecological diversity in Paleogene and Neogene times, respectively. They are geographically widespread on all continents and their fossil record constitutes a useful tool for studies of biogeographical connections within and among continents. The geological timeframes in which Hyaenodontida and Carnivora are abundant are synchronous with the emergence of numerous mammalian orders and the diversification of modern mammals. The systematic study of Hyaenodontida of the Middle Eocene Dur At-Talah escarpment allows the description of the oldest species of Apterodontinae and several peculiar species of “Proviverrinae” Proviverra-like showing morphological affinities with contemporaneous European forms. The ensuing phylogenetical analysis proposes a close relationship between Apterodontinae and Hyainailourinae and confirms the hypothesis of an African dispersal into Europe at the beginning of the Oligocene. The study of Carnivora from the Middle Miocene basins of Southeast Asia results in the identification of new species of Amphicyonidae, Mustelidae, Viverridae, Herpestidae and Felidae. Biogeographical studies of localities of Carnivora from Souteast Asia, the Siwaliks, China and Japan are undertaken using similarity indices. The results show separate Southern Asian and Chinese provinces during the Middle Miocene, and separate Southern Chinese and Northern Chinese provinces during the Late Miocene. These results are discussed within the context of the tectonic and climatic history of Asia during the Miocene
Vella, Marc-Antoine. "Approches géomorphologique et géophysique des interactions sociétés / milieux en Corse au cours de l’Holocène." Corte, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CORT0013.
Full textTo think about populating, one must take into consideration the notion of territory. This study is based on geomorphology and applied geophysics with an approach of an archaeological settlement at local and regional scale. We have tried to establish the evolution of the interaction between these societies, their environments and what have been built in process of time. To focus on this relationship, we chose two distinct geographical areas: the desert of the Agriate (France, Haute-Corse, 2B) and the lower valley of the Taravo (France, Corse du Sud, 2A). These two areas represent a different geographical context. The first one is characterised by a mineral/rocky and hilly landscape that presents at first sight a few agro-pastoral potential ; the second one, on the other side, shows much vegetal, animal and raw material potential. A methodology of study has been put in place and was enable to fit to the features of the land. The technics used were electrics and electromagnetics methods with mechanical boreholes and geological observations which brought us the following results. For the oriental side of the desert of the Agriate : _the repetition of periods of erosion and then stabilization of soils, related to charcoal flows, suggests a rhythmic evolution of the catchment area, associated with populating phases, the importance of the anthropization, even if it is difficult to evaluate, is still an essential problematic of this study. For the lower valley of the Taravo : the cuts and the electromagnetic prospectings allow a precise visualization of the spatial distribution of the sediment, _different morphological phases for ancient periods have been brought to light, the pond of Caniccia shows a relation between the morphological evolution and human occupation,privileged areas for archaeological research have been delimited. The prospects studies involve : a complementary geomorphological study in the desert of the Agriate and of the Nebbiu, with a participation to archaeological excavations,pluridisciplinary rospectings-inventories (archaeological and geomorphological) in the lower valley of the Taravo, new mechanical boreholes in the floodplain and in the pond of Caniccia, comparison with others valleys of Corsica, comparison with others island of the Meterranean sea
Debaine, Françoise. "Paléoenvironnements et occupation humaine ancienne : l'apport de la télédétection satellitaire appliquée aux confins indo-pakistanais." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010549.
Full textThe northern margins of the thar desert in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent which are often marked by quaternary relict landforms have kept in their landscape numerous remains of ancient human occupation in the forms of ancient villages or lonely settlements or ancient irrigation canals. This is the study of thes remains. So this is a historical geographical study. The question is that of the kind of relationships of human societies and their surroundings at each age that has been identified by the archeologists. Remote sensing is the tool that was used to undertake and complete this research. Thanks to digital image processing, it is possible to enhance, and to describe and to interprate the evidences of changes in the environment and to study the archaeological sites location-which is good evidence of the interaction of man and environement in the past- and their distribution in spectral or morphological significant unities. An original step has been developped responding to the specificity of this research in the aim to discern relict landforms from a current state of the space. The methods that have been developped are based on automatic classification and image analysis (mathematical morphology, etc. ). Thanks to this study, former hypothesis are refutated and new evidences are given to the question of the conditions in wich the protohistorical (indus civilisation) and ancient historical and medieval societies settled in haryana (chautang plain) and in cholistan desert (hakra plain)
Gauthier, Agnès. "Paléoenvironnements du Pléistocène moyen dans le sud de la France : apport et limites de l'analyse polliniques de trois sites préhistoriques : Caune de l'arago, Orgnac 3, grotte du Lazaret." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MNHN0004.
Full textChaimanee, Jongkanjanasoontorn Yaowalak. "Les rongeurs du Plio-Pleistocène de Thai͏̈lande : systématique, phylogénie, biochronologie et paléoenvironnements." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20037.
Full textBlaise, Bertrand. "Sédimentation et paléoenvironnements plio-quaternaires sur la bordure Nord-Est de l'Océan Pacifique." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10119.
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