Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paléolithique moyen – Afrique du Sud'
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Tribolo, Chantal. "Apport des méthodes de la luminescence à la chronologie des techno-faciès du Middle Stone Age associés aux premiers hommes modernes du sud de l'Afrique." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12725.
Full textThe aim of this work was to refine the chronology of Howieson's Pooort and Still Bay, two techno-complexes of the South African Middle Stone Age associated with anatomically modern humans. Burnt stones from three sites were dated by luminescence methods. For the Howieson's Poort layers at Diepkloof Rock Shelter we got an age-estimate of 55-65 ka. At Klasies River 13 age estimates averaging to 56+-3 ka were obtained for the Howieson's Poort sequence, in good agreement with TL/OSL and ESR estimates for the same stratum. These new results, however, contradict certain hypotheses derived from palaeoenvironmental studies. At Blombos cave, five lithic specimens yielded an average age of 74+-5 ka for the Still Bay level. This estimate is in good agreement with OSL and ESR results. It confirms the greater antiquity of the Still Bay facies vis a vis Howieson's Poort and sets back the beginnings of certain pratices such as use of symbols and work on bone to at least the isotopic stage 5
Moussounda, Féréole Clarpin. "Étude du Paléolithique moyen et supérieur dans la commune de Tchibanga (Sud-ouest du Gabon)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010559.
Full textCoutinho, Nogueira Dany. "Paléoimagerie appliquée aux Homo sapiens de Qafzeh (Paléolithique moyen, Levant sud). Variabilité normale et pathologique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP072.
Full textIn the Levant, the Middle Paleolithic (about 200-50 Ka B.P.) corresponds to a period of time that is crucial for understanding evolutionary mechanisms and the spread of Homo sapiens out of Africa. The Qafzeh site (Lower Galilee) located at the crossroads of the three major geographical areas of the Old World is rich of archaeological deposits dated to the middle of this time period (92 ± 5 ka BP). The site is exceptional both for its important anthropological documentation of all age groups (from perinatal to adults) and for unique funeral practices (double burial, funeral repository). While many studies have already been published on the human remains, recent technological advances in Paleoimaging permit new investigation and data improvement. Using 2D (radiographs, CT sections) and 3D (virtual reconstructions from photogrammetric data or [micro]CT-scan) tools, two types of analyses are conducted on the skull and mandible of three individuals (Qafzeh 6, 9 and 25): a morphometric study of internal structures (i.e. bony labyrinth) and a palaeopathological investigation. Examination of the inner ear of these Mousterian individuals brings evidence of an unexpected diversity within the overall Qafzeh sample; furthermore, among hominins of the comparative sample, similarities between few individuals classically considered as archaic and modern specimens are recognized. Bone and dental growth disorders are described on Qafzeh 9 that are consistent with developmental abnormalities previously identified on immature individuals from this site. The data collected illustrate the normal and pathological variability documented by the nomadic hunter-gatherers from Qafzeh, and in addition, to compare them with local and Eurasian groups associated with a Mousterian archaeological context
Guislain, Stéphanie. "Organisation de la production lithique aux paléolithique inférieur et moyen : approche et détermination de quelques modes d'acquisition et d'exploitation des matières premières du Tafilalet (sud-est marocain)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10120.
Full textThéry-Parisot, Isabelle. "Economie du combustible et paléoécologie en contexte glaciaire et périglaciaire : paléolithique moyen et supérieur du sud de la France (anthracologie, expérimentation, haptonomie)." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010574.
Full textThis paper is a systemic study of fuel economy at six palaeolithic sites. The fuel economy is the outcome of several dynamically interacting factors : the nature of the settlements, their fuel requierments, quality and quantity of available fuel. The elements wich determine the economic system are examined as well as elements that may confuse the issue such as human selection, differential combustion and post depositional processes. The results along with the fuel proporties of wood, bone and lignite, that we have determinated by the way of experimentation, allow us to propose an economic model of fuel use in six palaeolithic settlements in southern France. The available biomass in each settlement, as determined by charcoal analysis indicates no simple relationship exists between fuel availability and fuel utilization. Differential use is the result of several factors such as available biomass, properties of the various fuel, their accessibility and use restrictions on use and the intensity of associated activities
Couplan, François. "L'alimentation végétale potentielle de l'homme avant et après la domestication du feu au paléolithique inferieur et moyen en région méditerranéenne française." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MNHN0007.
Full textMathias, Cyrielle. "Les phases anciennes du Paléolithique moyen dans le Sud-Est et le Sud-Ouest de la France : étude des systèmes techniques lithiques." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0034/document.
Full textThe first evidence of Middle Palaeolithic behaviour occurred in a mosaic pattern during the late Middle Pleistocene in Europe. They are traditionally associated with the emergence of standardised flaking concepts and the disappearance of bifacial shaping. Lithic assemblages are attributed to the final Acheuean or early Middle Palaeolithic depending on the proportion of bifaces and Levallois concept. Our study focuses on two geographical areas in Southern France, both rich in flint deposits. In Southeastern France, several layers from Orgnac 3 were studied (MIS9-8). Those lithic assemblages permit us to perceive the Lower to Middle Palaeolithic transition in a same context. At the contrary, single layers from several sites were selected in Southwestern France between MIS 10 and 6. This selection allows us to consider ancient and recent margins from the transitional period, considering open-air sites and cave occupations. Layers studied are the L2/3 from la Micoque (MIS 10), layer 2 from Petit-Bost (MIS 9/8), layer7 from the Pech de l’Azé II (MIS 7/6) and the layer VIIa from Combe Brune 2 (MIS 7/6). The use of a technological and techno-morpho-functional approach cleared the main characteristic of these sites. Several flaking (Levallois, S.S.D.A., Quina, Discoïd etc.) and shaping concepts (bifaces, pebble tools) have been identified. On the basis of these data, the modalities of emergence of the Levallois concept in Southern France are discussed. Besides this concept, the presence of algorithmic methods, the ramification of reduction processes and the combined matrices (bifacial, trifacial and notches) appear as main characters of these early Middle Palaeolithic series
Djema, Hélène. "Le Paléolithique moyen ancien de la corniche Cantabrique et du bassin Aquitain ou le phénomène culturel des premiers néandertaliens : analyses techno-économiques comparatives de gisements cantabriques et périgourdins." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010610.
Full textClaud, Emilie. "Le statut fonctionnel des bifaces au Paléolithique moyen récent dans le Sud-Ouest de la France : étude tracéologique intégrée des outillages des sites de La Graulet, La Conne de Bergerac, Combe Brune 2, Fonseigner et Chez-Pinaud / Jonzac." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361290.
Full textLes bifaces MTA ne sont pas des outils polyfonctionnels : dans un premier temps, ces pièces, présentant souvent des bords latéraux convergeant vers une pointe, ont très largement servi à la boucherie, probablement lors de déplacements. De plus rares bifaces, présentant un tranchant distal transversal, ont été recherchés à d'autres fins, vraisemblablement pour hacher du bois. Les bifaces, longuement ravivés, ont gardé leur mode de fonctionnement initial tant que les propriétés fonctionnelles des bords ont été conservées. Les pièces dénaturées ont ensuite parfois été réutilisées en tant que percuteurs ou pour racler des matières minérales, sur les sites résidentiels.
Les éclats de taille de biface bruts et retouchés en racloirs ont parfois été utilisés, plus spécifiquement pour la découpe de matières animales tendres dans le cadre de la boucherie. L'hétérogénéité des éclats utilisés, notamment leurs dimensions et les étapes de façonnage dont ils sont issus, argumente en faveur de la récupération de sous-produits et non d'une production volontaire prédéterminée.
Chacón, Navarro Maria Gema. "Le Paléolithique moyen dans le sud-ouest de l'Europe : Abric Romani (Capellades, Barcelone, Espagne), Payre (Rompon, Ardèche, France) et Tournal (Bize, Aude, France) : analyse comparative des assemblages lithiques et des comportements humains." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0028.
Full textThe Middle Palaeolithic covers around 300,000 years (MIS 10 to MIS 3). During this time, human behavior has been affected by various factors leading to a mosaic of responses which characterize the cultural diversity of Neanderthal populations. Through the study of lithic technical behavior and the comparison of these results with those obtained from other disciplines that study archaeological evidence, the intention here is to provide data on the variability of lithic assemblages. For that purpose, the lithic assemblages from Payre, Abric Romaní and Grotte Tournal were selected. The study of lithic technology at each site as well as a comparative analysis of the results and their contextualization in the Middle Palaeolithic panorama of south-western Europe, will provide data on the variability of lithic assemblages and the possible and will add to the understanding of the relationship between the composition of the lithic record, subsistence activities, and the type of occupations
El Paleolítico medio abarca unos 300. 000 años (MIS 10 a MIS 3). Durante este tiempo los comportamientos humanos se han visto afectados por diferentes factores que han producido un mosaico de respuestas que han marcado la diversidad cultural de las poblaciones Neandertales. La variabilidad de los comportamientos técnicos líticos durante este periodo es una de las temáticas que ha creado más debate científico en la Arqueología prehistórica. A través del estudio de los comportamientos técnicos líticos y en extensión de la puesta en común de sus resultados con los obtenidos de las disciplinas que estudian el resto de las evidencias arqueológicas, se pretende aportar datos sobre la variabilidad de los conjuntos líticos. Para ello se han elegido los conjuntos líticos de los yacimientos de Payre (MIS 5e), el Abric Romaní (MIS 3) y de la Grotte Tournal (final MIS 3). El estudio de de la tecnología lítica utilizada en cada uno de ellos, el análisis comparativo de los resultados obtenidos y su contextualización en el panorama del Paleolítico medio del suroeste de Europa permitirá aportar datos sobre la variabilidad de los conjuntos líticos y las posibles causas que los han producido, intentando ver que relación existe entre la composición del registro lítico, los actividades de subsistencia llevadas a cabo y el tipo de ocupaciones
Dayet, Laure. "Matériaux, transformations et fonctions de l'ocre au Middle Stone Age : le cas de Diepkloof Rock Shelter dans le contexte de l'Afrique australe." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814875.
Full textLhomme, Vincent. "Industries lithiques du paléolithique moyen à nombreuses fractures : Les exemples du secteur sud de Champlost (Yonne) et de la Couche inférieure de "Chez-Pourré - Chez-Comte" (Corrèze)." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50377-2000-1.pdf.
Full textFaivre, Jean-Philippe. "Organisation techno-économique des systèmes de production dans le Paléolithique moyen récent du Nord-est Aquitain : Combe-Grenal et les Fieux." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13597.
Full textBrenet, Michel. "Variabilité et signification des productions lithiques au Paléolithique moyen ancien : l’exemple de trois gisements de plein-air du Bergeracois (Dordogne, France)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14356/document.
Full textVariability and significance of lithic productions in the Early Middle Paleolithic. An analysis of three open-air sites in the Bergeracois region (Dordogne, France).From the beginning of the second to last interglacial period (Eemian), lithic industries show a proliferation of production conceptions, methods and techniques: Levallois, Discoid and SSDA debitage, laminar debitage, anvil debitage, and the shaping of pieces that were unique or adhered to a techno-type. This diversity of lithic production conceptions sometimes appears in archaeological assemblages in which distinct flaking and shaping chaînes opératoires coexist; for example, a combined production conception associating flaking and shaping on the same matrix (raw material volume) has been observed in several assemblages.This work addresses the question of inter- and intra site variability and its behavioral significance through a techno-economic analysis of lithic industries and an experimental procedure. For nine lithic assemblages from three sites in the Bergeracois region, Cantalouette 1, Combre Brune 2 and Combe Brune 3, each of the production methods was analyzed based on a quantitative evaluation of all the operational phases present from the procurement of lithic raw materials to the use of the products. The role of experimentation in this procedure is to create specific reference bases that can be compared with the lithic assemblages in order to obtain a better estimation of their techno-economic representivity.The ultimate objective of this research is to propose coherent models of the functioning of human occupations at the beginning of the Middle Paleolithic in relation to their locations and potential complementarity within and across a single subsistence territory. The respective occupation types illustrated by the three sites studied are thus modeled and compared to other sites in the Dordogne and other regions
Ricour, Sophie. "Tectonique active à la jonction des plaques Afrique, Arabie et Anatolie-Eurasie (sud de la Turquie) : Caractérisation des failles et analyse de la déformation par un réseau GPS dense." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR1GE08.
Full textOf a geodynamic point of view, Turkey is situated at the intersection between three main tectonic plates, the African, Arabian and Eurasian plates and constitutes a tectonic key zone along the Alpine – Himalayan orogenic belt, which extends from Spain to China. Turkey is thus an excellent natural laboratory to study the convergence linked to the collision between these plates and the consequent structures that include fold and thrust belts, active faults and associated basin formations. Three main active faults meet in Turkish Hatay province, the left-lateral East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), the left-lateral Dead Sea Fault Zone (DSFZ) and the Cyprus Arc, respectively regarded as the Arabia – Anatolia, Arabia – Africa and Africa – Eurasia plate boundaries. Although many studies propose, of a cinematic point of view, that the limit between the Anatolian, Arabian and African plates forms a triple junction in south-eastern Turkey, the fault nature and geometry at this junction remain source of debate, in particular on the establishment of a coherent regional deformation model. Many questions remain unclear, for example: what are the velocities along the three main strike-slip fault systems? What is the role of each structure in the regional deformation? What is the relation between seismic ruptures and elastic accumulation?. . . In order to answer to this problematic, it is necessary to have a multidisciplinary approach of the deformation analysis, as well as in the short term as in the long term. Consequently, two approaches were used, one of GPS and another of identification and characterisation of active faults. Firstly, the GPS-derived velocity field includes data from six campaigns from 1991 to 2004 of a 23 station network located on both sides of active faults. This velocity field, given in different significant tectonic frames, allowed us to precisely constrain the short-term active deformation of the different blocks involved in the triple junction and to determine the instantaneous fault-slip rates. Secondly, we identified and characterised the active faults, by an analysis of the long-term deformation using the geomorphologic field recognition at different scales and a detailed analysis of space images and aerial photos, the displacement measures due to the tectonic processes and geophysical prospecting. The combined result analysis allowed us to elaborate a cinematic block model of the regional deformation. The tectonic complexity at the triple junction is based on the existence of tectonic blocs, whose limits are formed by the main active faults (i. E. The EAFZ, the DSFZ, the left-lateral Karataş – Osmaniye Fault Zone KOFZ and the left-lateral Karasu Fault KF). The use of a dislocation model in an elastic half-space, applied to the horizontal GPS velocities, gave a rate of 9. 7 ± 0. 9 mm/yr for the EAFZ, 5. 5 ± 1. 5 mm/yr for the KOFZ and 2. 5 ± 1. 0 mm/yr for the KF, velocities in agreement with long-term velocities provided by geologic and geomorphologic studies. Our work highlighted thus the major role of the Anatolian block at the junction and the direct connection of the EAFZ branches (KOFZ and KF) with the Cyprus Arc. This deformation model implies that the Karasu Valley is linked to the left-lateral strike-slip motion of the EAFZ and left-lateral and normal motions of the KF, with an extensive component of 1. 0 ± 0. 5 mm/yr estimated by GPS. Consequently, this valley constitutes a large pull-apart basin formed by the western motion of the Anatolian block and whose geometry indicates a local extensive tectonic regime during the Quaternary, which is attested by the associate volcanic episodes. In this context, the south-western continuation of the Anatolia – Arabia boundary at the junction plays as a left-lateral transpressive system, in which the large sinistral step between the EAFZ and the Cyprus Arc constitutes the Karasu Valley pull-apart basin and the associated transtensive deformation
Deschamps, Marianne. "La diversité culturelle au paléolitique moyen récent : le vasconien et sa signification au sein des faciès moustériens." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20047/document.
Full textThe presence of cleavers in numerous Pyrenean-Cantabrian Middle Paleolithic sites led to the creation of a regional facies called Vasconian (Bordes, 1953). Later, typological analyses based on shaped tool classes’ cumulative frequency have questioned the very existence of this facies (Cabrera Valdés, 1983). The recurrence of cleavers within Middle Paleolithic assemblages was then interpreted as a long perdurance of the Iberian Acheulean. The present research was aimed to re-evaluate the Pyrenean-Cantabrian Late Middle Paleolithic through the comparison of a large variety of data. It is supported by a detailed and renewed chronological framework for the Mousterian with cleavers of OIS 3 based on newly obtained radiometric data. The analysis included technological, morphometric and functional characterization of over 450 cleavers from nine sites attributed to the Late Middle Paleolithic. Our results were then compared to ca. 200 Acheulean cleavers from the same area. The differences between these two populations and a revised chronological framework allow us to reject the hypothesis of a sporadic persistence of cleavers after the Acheulean. We rather propose that these tools have resulted of a new invention and fully were a cultural marker. Meanwhile, the whole lithic ensembles from seven sites located north of the Basque-Cantabrian area were analyzed with the conventional methods of lithic technology. These sites correspond to various topographic contexts (caves, rock shelters, and open air sites) and to diverse environments (alpine, coastal, and arid). Despite an expected variability between these ensembles, we identified a shared technological tradition and propose that differences could be the result of different site functions. If we consider the different sites as being complementarity, we can propose the hypothesis of a low-mobility territorial structuration and thus a social complexity of the Late Middle Paleolithic societies. A first attempt to build a cultural-stratigraphic sequence for the Pyrenean-Cantabrian region is being made in order to properly assess the Vasconian location and homogeneity as for the constraining techno-complexes. Comparisons with contemporaneous techno-complexes (and more particularly with the MTA) allow us to address their respective autonomy within a newly defined technical are of influence
Carmignani, Leonardo. "Le ultime espressioni del Musteriano nell’Italia del Sud-Est. Variabilità tecnologiche e comportamenti tecno-economici in un contesto peninsulare : I casi di Grotta del Cavallo e Grotta Mario Bernardini. Nardo (Lecce)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100077.
Full textThe puzzles arising from the fragmentation of the Mousterian expressions in their late phases, as emerged fromthe archaeological evidence, have always been of interest for prehistoric research, as far as they are concerned with both cultural and biological aspects of human evolution. The cultural complexity that can be observed between 40.000 and 28.000 years ago in Europe depends onthe variety of Neanderthal economic and symbolic attitudes, in relation to both the advent of new technical expressions (Castelperronian, Uluzzian and sensu lato, transitional complexes) and to the persistente of productions that are still rooted in to the traditional variability of theMousterian groups. At the same time the appearing of techno-complexes attributed to the Upper Palaeolithic has been related by some authors to the emergence of particolar cognitive abilities, ascribed to the arrival of the anatomically modern humans (AMH) in Europe. In the last years the recognition of blades and bladelets productions in Mousterian context in France, Italy and in the Near East has mitigated this hypothetical relationship between these productionsand the spread of the AMH. This paper reports the results of the study of Mousterian lithic industries of Grotta del Cavallo and Grotta Mario Bernardini (Nardò, Lecce). The technological study shows the development of an autonomous schèma opératoire (along with other types of productions) oriented in the direction of blades and bladelets production bymeans of a volumetric exploitation. The recognition of this type of production - not recorded until now in the Salentin area - gives us the possibility to review the production systems that we can attribute at the Mousterian terminal phases of the southern Italy
Lahaye, Christelle. "Nouveaux apports de la thermoluminescence à la chronologie du Paléolithique dans le Sud-Ouest de la FranceEtudes en milieu hétérogène et en présence de déséquilibres radioactifs dans les séries de l'uranium." Bordeaux 3, 2005. https://hal.science/tel-04229844v1.
Full textMetz, Laure. "Néandertal en armes ? : des armes, et de l'arc, au tournant du 50ème millénaire en France méditerranéenne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3125.
Full textThis work is an use-wear analysis of the upper sequence of Grotte Mandrin in Mediterranean France (from the 55th to 43rd millennium). In this sequence, the Neronian level of Grotte Mandrin appears as an anomaly, both from a technical and a functional perspective. Its profusion of points and their not only microlithic but also standardized character prompts reflection on the purpose of these productions. What is the meaning of this signature, combining standardization and real microlithization within a single unit of this vast archaeological sequence? Through a functional study specifically oriented toward research, determination and understanding of the associations of impact scars, a method of approach, an impact study, is presented here, and constructed from a systematic, original experiment. An impactological study of the Mandrin E points reveals that at least 15.5% of them were used as weapons. In the absence of any other criteria revealing other functions, and in view of the exceptionally high rate of impacted pieces, we must consider whether all of these small objects belong directly and exclusively to the sphere of armaments. The extreme reduction of these micro- and nanopoints results in a particularly weak inert weight that can only be compensated for by a propulsion system with very high kinetic energy. Attention has therefore been focused on the mode of propulsion used to make these very small, sometimes less than a centimeter, points effective and efficient. The results lead to the conclusion that only a propulsion system such as the bow would be able to offset the low kinetic energy of all of these small impacted elements discovered at Mandrin E
Frouin, Marine. "Les feldspaths comme support pour la datation par luminescence de gisements archéologiques et de séquences quaternaires d'Aquitaine." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30076.
Full textCurrently available chronological information for Middle Palaeolithic sites in southwestern France precludes the establishment of a robust chronological framework. For these early periods, developing such a framework relies upon important methodological advancements in numerical dating techniques. The results of this study are essentially based on the optical luminescence dating of sedimentary feldspars and quartz. Focusing on the most commonly employed luminescence signals (IRSL, pIR-IRSL), it was possible to more clearly evaluate the reliability of dates obtained on K-feldspars. A dating protocol for these materials based on their radioluminescence signal (IR-RF) was also developed. Optical luminescence dates were produced for six major archaeological sites: (Marillac, Charente), Combe Brune 2 (Creysse, Dordogne), Roc de Marsal (Campagne, Dordogne), Artenac (Saint-Mary, Charente), La Quina (Gardes-le-Pontaroux, Charente) et La Ferrassie (Savignac-de-Miremont, Dordogne). Collating the results for each archaeological level allowed the coherence of the dates to be tested and a reliable chronological sequence to be proposed for each site. The different human occupations, characterised by their industrial attribution, could be placed within a chronological framework that incorporates regional palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic variations. Finally, several observations provide new insights for our understanding of Neandertal cultures
Chevrier, Benoît. "Les assemblages à pièces bifaciales au Pléistocène inférieur et moyen ancien en Afrique de l’Est et au Proche-Orient : nouvelle approche du phénomène bifacial appliquée aux problématiques de migrations, de diffusion et d’évolution locale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100115/document.
Full textThe “Out of Africa” model is deeply rooted in the issues of Paleolithic settlement. For the Lower and Early Middle Pleistocene, several waves of early hominid dispersal from Africa have been proposed, especially to the Near East on the basis of three major sites: Dmanisi, ‘Ubeidiya and Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov. This theory also conveys the idea of repeated imports of new techniques, including bifacial shaping.However, the mechanisms inherent in this model are deconstructed: it allows to identify conceptual and methodological obstacles from the “arrow paradigm”, which simplifies and reduces the complexity of technical and cultural phenomena.The absence of space and time in the “Out of Africa” model is a crippling flaw. To reintroduce these dimensions in the debate, an evolutionary view of technics is used and is inspired by thoughts from philosophy, ergonomics and geography. In Paleolithic prehistory, this point of view, developed over past fifteen years, led to work out a techno-functional methodology focused on notions of tool, gesture and functioning.A detailed study using this approach was conducted on four assemblages from East Africa and Near East, with some supplementary observations on three other collections Then a discussion is offered on various topics: (1) the processes of technical evolution over long time, (2) an alternative vision of settlements, which particularly considers the idea of independent inventions of bifacial shaping, and finally (3) the ability to define cultural spaces on different scales of time and space
Soressi, Marie. "Le Moustérien de tradition acheuléenne du sud-ouest de la France : discussion sur la signification du faciès à partir de l'étude comparée de quatre sites : Pech-de-l'Azé I, Le Moustier, La Rochette et la Grotte XVI." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573675.
Full textJamialahmadi, Mana. "Analyse technologique et techno-fonctionnelle comparative des faciès moustériens des bordure est et sud de la mer Caspienne." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100155.
Full textSouthwest Asia and in particular the Iranian plateau, at the crossroads of Africa, Europe and Asia, constitute a rather unique area with a long and diversified history. In Middle Paleolithic, the whole region has often been considered as a place for passage of anatomically different humans: Homo Sapiens and Neanderthal. However, for several reasons, researchers focused their activities, on the region of Levant and Zagros, therefore the southern parts and the east of Caspian Sea are much less studied. As Mousterian of the near east region is marked by the predominance of Levalloisdebitages, in Torus region (regions in the west of Caspian Sea including current Azerbaijan and Georgia), the lithic industries are characterized by so-called Micoquian bifacial pieces. In this context, a very important question is what happened in the east and the south of Caspian Sea,between these two great areas of influence.A deep study of lithic tools has been conducted on five assemblages of Iran andTurkmenistan, by a technological and techno-functional approach. The obtained results show that if in the east of Caspian Sea the bifacial tradition is well attested in some Turkmen industries, it attests various technical systems. These elements lead us to make the link with the other "techno-complexes" so far less known. It would seem, therefore, that Turkmenistan and eastern Iran represent a crossroads where different techno-complexes could meet.This diversity of technical systems seems to indicate a complexity more than expected of dynamics of populations during Mousterian. Thanks to the demonstration of the technical variation, we will try to perceive and reconstruct these phenomena of populations, the mobility of prehistoric human groups, in the environment that they occupied
جنوب غرب آسیا و به خصوص فلات ایران، در تقاطع قاره های آفریقا، اروپا و آسیا، منطقه ای نسبتا منحصر به فرد با تاریخی طولانی و متنوع را تشکیل می دهند. در طول دوره پارینه سنگی میانی، این منطقه اغلب به عنوان مکانی برای عبور گونه های مختلف انسان: انسان هوشمند باستانی و نئاندرتال در نظر گرفته شده است. با این حال، به دلایل مختلف، محققان اغلب در انجام فعالیت های علمی خود در منطقه لوانت و زاگرس متمرکز بوده اند بخش های شرقی دریای خزر بسیار کمتر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته اند.اگر موسترین در منطقه خاورمیانه با تراشه برداری لوالوا عجین شده است، منطقه توروس در غرب دریای خزر (شامل آذربایجان و گرجستان کنونی) با قطعات دو طرفه از نوع میکوکین شناخته می شود. در این زمینه، سوال مهم مطرح این است که چه اتفاقی در شرق و جنوب دریای خزر، بین این دو حوزه بزرگ رخ داده است؟در این راستا، مطالعه ایی بسیار گسترده توسط روش های تجزیه و تحلیلی فن آوری و فنی-کاربردی بر روی ابزارهایی از پنج مجموعه از ایران و ترکمنستان انجام شد. نتایج به دست آمده نشان می دهد که علی رغم حضور ابزارهای دو طرفه در برخی از صنایع ترکمنستان، در شرق دریای خزر شاهد سیستم های تکنیکی متفاوتی هستیم. این عناصر ما را بر آن می دارد که به دنبال ارتباط آنها با سیستم های فنی ای باشیم که تا کنون کمتر شناخته شده اند. به نظر می رسد که ترکمنستان و مناطق شرقی ایران، محل تقاطع سیستم های فنی مختلفی باشند.این تنوع در سیستم های فنی احتمالا از آنچه پیشتر در مورد پویایی جمعیت در طول دوره موسترین تصور می شد بسیار پیچیده تر باشد. به لطف شناسایی این گوناگونی های فنی است که ما سعی می کنیم پدیده های مربوط به جمعیت و جابجایی گروه های انسانی پیش از تاریخ در محیط مورد اشغال آنها را درک و بازسازی کنیم
Aziki, Yasmina. "L'expertise multilatérale pour le développement de la région MENA : pratiques de coopération, crises régionales et défis nationaux, 1964-1981." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H030.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the history of development cooperation in the North Africa and Middle East - Middle East-North Africa or MENA region - by sharing a history of aid development, a history of international organizations and a history of technical expertise, while, at the same time, focusing on a sociological approach and a transfer approach. This thesis therefore aims to present the trajectories followed by all actors of development aid and their missions, from archives of international and diplomatic institutions unpublished. Assistance provided by international organizations is provided through technical support and support for the financing of state development projects. By focusing on the countries receiving this assistance and the institutions that provide it, this thesis highlights their deep, convergent or contradictory interests. On the one hand, agencies such as the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Bank have tried to gain international legitimacy. On the other hand, countries in the MENA region have used this assistance for driving ambitious, and sometimes costly, development projects. Moreover, despite the polarization of the world with the Cold War, MENA states have joined the concert of demands of the "South" advocating the non-alignment and rebalancing of trade with the North. The UN was the platform for these demands with, in 1964, the first UNCTAD. In the MENA region, the Arab League and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are part of this "awakening of the South" (Samir Amin). The oil crisis of 1973 led these two institutions to a dialogue with the EEC, UNCTAD and the OECD for the financing of development aid, in an original triangular cooperation. In this vein, the Kuwaiti Development Fund offers a vivid example of pursuit of strategic interests for the legitimization of a petrodollar-financed state.Thanks to the World Bank, Kuwait made development aid a diplomatic weapon, as early as 1961. The cases of Morocco and Egypt reveal the limits of aid in the face of ambitions, sometimes contradictory, of the power, before institutions viewers of the economic stagnation of these countries
Benmesbah, Abdelilah. "Les paleoenvironnements sédimentaires et biologiques des rides sud-rifaines occidentales (Maroc) : Essai de reconstitutions paléoécologiques à l'Aaleno-Bajocien, au miocène et au pliocène." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10336.
Full textTremblay, Jean. "Étude diachronique de la relation entre le climat et la mobilité de Néandertal dans le sud-ouest de la France au Paléolithique moyen telle qu’exprimée par ses choix technologiques et cynégétiques." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18412.
Full textCampmas, Emilie. "Caractérisation de l'occupation des sites de la région de Témara (Maroc) au Pléistocène supérieur et nouvelles données sur la subsistance des hommes du Paléolithique moyen d'Afrique du Nord : Exemples des approches taphonomiques et archéozoologiques menées sur les faunes d'El Harhoura 2 et d'El Mnasra." Phd thesis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00913727.
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