Journal articles: 'Palm chat'

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Fenger, Kirsten, and Erik Niebuhr. "DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS OF DERMATOGLYPHIC SOLE AND PALM PATTERNS IN DANISH CRI DU CHAT PROBANDS AND NORMAL CONTROLS." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 29, no. 3 (2008): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.1985.tb00339.x.

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Adamou, Ala-Eddine, Rabie Tabib, Mohamed Kouidri, Mohamed Laïd Ouakid, Michał Glądalski, and Jerzy Bańbura. "Egg Size and Shape Variation in Rufous Bush Chats Cercotrichas Galactotes Breeding in Date Palm Plantations: Hatching Success Increases with Egg Elongation." Avian Biology Research 11, no. 2 (2018): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815618x1520281116334.

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In oviparous taxa such as birds, clutch characteristics (e.g. egg size, egg mass and the number of eggs) can be considered as energetic investment in reproduction. In this paper, we study variation in the principal component indices of egg size and shape in Rufous Bush Chats (Cercotrichas galactotes) breeding in date palm plantations in the Al Amri Oasis, north Algeria, in 2008–2009 and 2011–2013. For descriptive and comparative purposes, we also present characteristics of egg length, breadth, volume, shape and mass. The size and shape indices as well as dimensions and masses of the eggs laid by particular females tended to be similar to one another, with most variation occurring between clutches (significant repeatabilities for all egg traits). Variation in the size of eggs was influenced by the year-laying date interaction, while variation in the shape (elongation) of eggs was marginally significantly affected by the year-laying date interaction. Year had a significant factor effect on the size of eggs. We also found that hatching success was affected by interactions between year and egg size and shape principal components, thus confirming the existence of fitness-related consequences of variation in the traits of Rufous Bush Chat eggs. Notably, we found that in some years hatching success increased with the elongation of eggs.

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Broschat, T. K., and H. Donselman. "Effects of Fruit Maturity, Storage, Presoaking, and Seed Cleaning on Germination in Three Species of Palms." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 5, no. 1 (1987): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-5.1.6.

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Green, half ripe and ripe fruit of queen [Arecastrum romanzoffianum (Cham.) Becc.], pygmy date (Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien) and royla palms [Roystonea regia (HBK) O. F. Cook] were cleaned or left uncleaned and were presoaked in 1000 mg/1 gibberellic acid (GA,) for 48 hr, water for 48 hr, were not presoaked. Queen palm seed germinated best if cleaned green or half-ripe seed was used, but pygmy date and royal palm seed germinated best when cleaned half-ripe or ripe seed was used. Cleaned seed of these palms can be stored in sealed polyethylene bags at 23°C (73°F) for 4 to 9 months. Depending on the species, and royal palm seed benefited from storage of up to 9 months, presumably due to immature seed embryos at time of harvest.

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Cruz, Wilton Pires da, Cristiane Krug, Geraldo J. N. Vasconcelos, and Gilberto J. de Moraes. "Mite (Arachnida: Acari) diversity and abundance on oil palms in the central region of the Brazilian Amazonia." Systematic and Applied Acarology 24, no. 9 (2019): 1736–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.9.10.

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The African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., is the second oil producing plant most extensively cultivated worldwide. The American oil palm, Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés, is a similar species rarely planted for commercial oil production, but often used for the production of hybrids with the African oil palm. The objective of this work was to compare the mite fauna of different genotypes of the African and the American oil palms as well as of their hybrids. In total, three and five genotypes of the African and the American oil palms and two of their hybrids available at an experiment station in the central part of the Brazilian Amazonia (Campo Experimental Rio Urubu, Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas State) were evaluated. Samples were collected in the wet (May 2012) and the dry (October, November 2013) seasons. On American oil palms, mite density was much higher in the wet than in the dry season, while on palms of other groups no significant differences were observed between seasons. Phytophagous mites corresponded to 91.1% of all mites found and Eriophyoidea was by far the most abundant group of these mites. Plant damage by this and other mite groups was not noticed. Mites of the family Tenuipalpidae, to which Raoiella indica Hirst belongs, were not found in this study. In previous studies, R. indica was reported to cause severe damage to several plant species. Phytoseiid species richness and diversities were also higher in the American oil palms than on palms of other groups. The phytoseiids Amblyseius perditus Chant & Baker and Iphiseiodes kamahorae De Leon were the most abundant predators, the first almost exclusively on BR 174 and Coari, and the second, on Manicoré genotypes of the American oil palms. Phytoseiid diversity on hybrids was as low as on African oil palm genotypes in the dry season and lower than on other palm groups in the wet season.

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Chen, Yen-Hau, Max Schmid, Chia-Chi Chang, Ching-Yuan Chang, and Günter Scheffknecht. "Lab-Scale Investigation of Palm Shell Char as Tar Reforming Catalyst." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (2020): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050476.

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This research investigated the application of palm shell char as a catalyst for the catalytic steam reforming of tar after the sorption enhanced gasification (SEG) process. The catalytic activities of palm shell char and metal-supported palm shell char were tested in a simulated SEG derived syngas with tar model compounds (i.e., toluene and naphthalene) at a concentration of 10 g m−3 NTP. The results indicated that palm shell char had an experimentally excellent catalytic activity for tar reforming with toluene and naphthalene conversions of 0.8 in a short residence time of 0.17 s at 900 °C. A theoretical residence time to reach the complete naphthalene conversion was 1.2 s at 900 °C for palm shell char, demonstrating a promising activity similar to wood char and straw char, but better than CaO. It was also found that potassium and iron-loaded palm shell chars exhibited much better catalytic activity than palm shell char, while the parallel reaction of gasification of K-loaded palm shell char influenced the conversion with its drastic mass loss. Moreover, contrary to CaO, palm shell char presented relatively low selectivity to benzene, and its spontaneous gasification generated extra syngas. In summary, the present study demonstrated that the low-cost material, palm shell char, can successfully be used as the tar-reforming catalyst after SEG process.

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Punsuwan, Natthaya, and Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai. "Product Characterization and Kinetics of Biomass Pyrolysis in a Three-Zone Free-Fall Reactor." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/986719.

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Pyrolysis of biomass including palm shell, palm kernel, and cassava pulp residue was studied in a laboratory free-fall reactor with three separated hot zones. The effects of pyrolysis temperature (250–1050°C) and particle size (0.18–1.55 mm) on the distribution and properties of pyrolysis products were investigated. A higher pyrolysis temperature and smaller particle size increased the gas yield but decreased the char yield. Cassava pulp residue gave more volatiles and less char than those of palm kernel and palm shell. The derived solid product (char) gave a high calorific value of 29.87 MJ/kg and a reasonably high BET surface area of 200 m2/g. The biooil from palm shell is less attractive to use as a direct fuel, due to its high water contents, low calorific value, and high acidity. On gas composition, carbon monoxide was the dominant component in the gas product. A pyrolysis model for biomass pyrolysis in the free-fall reactor was developed, based on solving the proposed two-parallel reactions kinetic model and equations of particle motion, which gave excellent prediction of char yields for all biomass precursors under all pyrolysis conditions studied.

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Lerkkasemsan, Nuttapol. "Kinetic Modeling of CO₂ Gasification Reactivity of Palm Kernel Shell (PSK)." Materials Science Forum 886 (March 2017): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.886.122.

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This research demonstrates the investigation of gasification reactivity behavior of palm kernel shell bio char using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at 850, 900 or 950°C under CO2. There are three fluid-solid kinetic models used to describe the reaction behavior of palm kernel shell bio char. The three models are volumetric model (VM), grain model (GM), and random pore model (RPM). From model results, the GM model and RPM model describe the reaction quite well. However, the GM model is considered as the best model in all three models to describe the reactivity of palm kernel shell bio char gasification reaction. From the GM model, the reaction starts from the surface and it moves to the core. As time go on, the gasify agent will defuse through the core and it keep the reaction go into the core. The activation energy of gasification reactivity of palm kernel shell bio char are 150kJ/mol for GM model. From the results, the coefficient of determination of GM model are 0.989, 0.989, and 0.961 at 850, 900, 950°C respectively.

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Fatimah, M. Sayuti, and Elsa Putri Pertiwi. "Quality control of palm kernel oil using Individual Moving Range (I-MR) chart." MATEC Web of Conferences 204 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820401006.

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Quality is one of the issues that requires special attention in the operation of a company since it can affect the relationship between producers and consumers as well as reduce the company’s losses. PT. Z is a company that mainly produces Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Palm Kernel Oil (PKO). The problem that often occurs in this factory is that the quality of processed palm kernel is under the set standard of the company, especially palm kernel products, resulting in a loss for the company indirectly. To minimize the loss, the quality control must be conducted. The purpose of this research is to control the quality of palm kernel by using individual moving range (I-MR) chart. From the research result, it is found that the level of impurities in the palm kernel products still require control because the value was above the company's provision which is ≤ 6 while the research result was > 6.

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Lucas, E. B., O. E. Itabiyi, and O. O. Ogunleye. "Optimization of Products Yields from the Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shells Using Response Surface Methodology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.13.

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This work focussed on the optimisation of product yields from the pyrolysis of palm kernel shells (PKS). 479g of dried PKS were loaded into the retort and then placed inside the furnace chamber and this was pyrolysed at 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700°C. The pyrolysis products obtained are char, tar (pyro oil and pyroligneous acid) and gas. A full factorial design (FFD) consisting two factors (Temperature and duration of pyrolysis) at three level was used to study the pattern of product yields from the pyrolysis of PKS. Char, tar and gas were evaluated as the responses. Thirteen experimental runs resulted from the FFD with a minimum product yield of 0.9wt% and maximum product yield of 99wt%. Response surface methodology was used to analyse the results of the FFD of the product yields of PKS. The optimum conversion yields expressed as a percentage of oven-dried weight of palm kernel shells of char, tar and gas products at their respective pyrolysing temperatures were 99wt% char at 304°C, 35wt% tar at 700°C and 39% gas at 700°C. The duration for the pyrolysis process was 20mins for 479g of dried palm kernel shells. The results of the work show that palm kernel shells can be readily pyrolised to obtain optimum yield of gas, tar (mixture of pyrolitic oil and pyroligneous acid) and char.

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Aderemi, Hamzat Bashir, Noor Shawal Nasri, and Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini. "Physicochemical properties of char derived from palm fatty acid distillate." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 14, no. 3 (2018): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n3.1084.

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The present work was aimed to evaluate the physiochemical properties of chars derived from palm fatty acid distillate. The palm fatty acid distillate was heat-treated at 500 °C and 600 °C in a muffle furnace for 0.5 h, and the resultant products were characterized for elemental composition, surface functional groups, thermogravimetric profile and methylene blue adsorption. Results show that the char samples are rich in carbon content with unique surface functional groups that could be useful in the liquid-phase adsorption. The solid chars depict a thermally stable profile with the increase of temperature during the heat treatment. The char demonstrated the maximum removal of methylene blue of 7.6 mg/g and obeyed the monolayer-trend adsorption of Langmuir isotherm. The findings concluded that the palm fatty acid distillate-based char could be an adsorbent candidate for the removal of methylene blue.

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Weirich Neto, Pedro Henrique, Hevandro Colonhese Delalibera, Nátali Maidl Souza, Jhonny Martini, and Jaime Alberti Gomes. "Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glass. PALM FRUIT ENERGY CAPACITY." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 35, no. 2 (2020): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2020v35n2p225-235.

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Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glass. PALM FRUIT ENERGY CAPACITY  PEDRO HENRIQUE WEIRICH NETO1, HEVANDRO COLONHESE DELALIBERA2, NÁTALI MAIDL DE SOUZA3, JHONNY MARTINI4, JAIME ALBERTI GOMES5  1 Laboratório de Mecanização Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Campus Uvaranas, CEP 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil, lama1@uepg.br 2 Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná (IDR - PR), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 375, CEP 86047-902, Londrina, Paraná, Brasil, hevandro@idr.pr.gov.br 3 Laboratório de Mecanização Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Campus Uvaranas, CEP 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil, natalimaidl@uepg.br 4 Laboratório de Mecanização Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Campus Uvaranas, CEP 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil, jhonny_martini@hotmail.com 5 Laboratório de Mecanização Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Campus Uvaranas, CEP 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil, jagomes@uepg.br  ABSTRACT: The demand for energy and natural resources conservation results in disputes, concerns and studies. In an attempt to respond to both areas a study was developed aiming at characterizing the energy capacity of native palm tree jerivá [Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham). Glass]. Four plants of this species were evaluated. The aspects investigated were fruit yield and potential for lipid and ethanol production. The fruit average yield potential was 41,829 kg ha-1, 24,930 kg ha-1 pulp (59.6% of the fruit) and 2,593 kg ha-1 almond (6.2% of the fruit). These contents can provide 1,641 kg ha-1 of lipid (62.2% of the almond) and 1,819 kg ha-1 of ethanol (7.3% of the pulp). The species Syagrus romanzoffiana even without any selection or genetic improvement processes, correction of soil acidity or fertility, showed high potential to be used in lipid production (almond) and ethanol (pulp).  Keywords: vegetable oil, storage lipid, ethanol, alcohol, renewable energy.  POTENCIAL ENERGÉTICO DO FRUTO DA PALMEIRA Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glass  RESUMO: a demanda por energia e a conservação dos recursos naturais estimulam disputas, preocupações e estudos. Tentando “transitar” nas duas áreas objetiva-se caracterizar o potencial energético da palmeira nativa jerivá [Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham). Glass]. Foram avaliadas quatro plantas. Determinou-se produtividade, potencial para produção de lipídio e de etanol do fruto. O potencial produtivo médio de frutos é 41.829 kg ha-1, 24.930 kg ha-1 de polpa (59,6% do fruto) e 2.593 kg ha-1 de amêndoa (6,2% do fruto). Esses conteúdos podem proporcionar 1.641 kg ha-1 de lipídio (62,2% da amêndoa) e 1.819 kg ha-1 de etanol (7,3% da polpa). A espécie potencial Syagrus romanzoffiana mesmo sem passar por processos de seleção e melhoramento genético, correção de acidez e fertilidade do solo apresenta elevado potencial de uso na produção de lipídio (amêndoa) e de etanol (polpa).  Palavras-chave: óleo vegetal, lipídio de reserva, etanol, álcool, energia renovável.

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Marchiori, José Newton Cardoso, Graciela I. Bolzón Muñiz, and Aracely Vidal Gomes. "Anatomia do caule de Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman." Ciência e Natura 10, no. 10 (1988): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x25487.

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The anatomical structure of the stem of Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman is described and illustrated whith photomicrographs. The structure is analysed, based on the scarce anatomical literature concerning to the stem of palm trees.

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Truong, Trinh Si Hai, and Vinh Tam Nguyen. "Zooplankton biodiversity in the biosphere reserve of Cu Lao Cham - Hoi An, 2015–2016." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 19, no. 4A (2019): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/19/4a/14609.

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Zooplankton samples in the biosphere reserve of Cu Lao Cham - Hoi An were collected at 20 stations belonging to 3 ecosystems: Mangrove palm - seagrass, transition area and coral reef in rainy season (11/2015) and dry season (6/2016) to determine biodiversity of the biosphere reserve of Cu Lao Cham - Hoi An. 161 species belonging to 16 zooplankton groups were recognized, copepoda was a dominant group with 92 species, followed by cladocera (15 species) and tunicata (13 species). Mangrove palm - sea grass had a different zooplankton structure compared with transition area and coral reef with a lower number of species and similarity index about 40%. The average density of zooplankton in study areas in dry season (24,559 ± 24,700 inds.m-3) were 4 times higher than in rainy season (6,124 ± 6.554 inds.m-3) and dominated by copepoda. The euryhaline cladocera (Bosmina longirostris), freshwater cladocera (Ceriodaphnia rigaudi) and freshwater copepoda (Microcyclops varicans) were dominant in mangrove palm - seagrass ecosystem. Meanwhile, in coral reef ecosystem, the small copepods (genus Oncaea, Oithona) and Tunicata were dominant. Biodiversity indices were low in mangrove - palm and increase from transition area to coral reef ecosystem.

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Yahya, Sulaiman Al, Tahir Iqbal, Muhammad Mubashar Omar, and Munir Ahmad. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Fast Pyrolysis of Date Palm Waste for Adoption in Saudi Arabia." Energies 14, no. 19 (2021): 6048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196048.

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Date palm trees, being an important source of nutrition, are grown at a large scale in Saudi Arabia. The biomass waste of date palm, discarded of in a non-environmentally-friendly manner at present, can be used for biofuel generation through the fast pyrolysis technique. This technique is considered viable for thermochemical conversion of solid biomass into biofuels in terms of the initial investment, production cost, and operational cost, as well as power consumption and thermal application cost. In this study, a techno-economic analysis has been performed to assess the feasibility of converting date palm waste into bio-oil, char, and burnable gases by defining the optimum reactor design and thermal profile. Previous studies concluded that at an optimum temperature of 525 °C, the maximum bio-oil, char and gases obtained from pyrolysis of date palm waste contributed 38.8, 37.2 and 24% of the used feed stock material (on weight basis), respectively, while fluidized bed reactor exhibited high suitability for fast pyrolysis. Based on the pyrolysis product percentage, the economic analysis estimated the net saving of USD 556.8 per ton of the date palm waste processed in the pyrolysis unit. It was further estimated that Saudi Arabia could earn USD 44.77 million per annum, approximately, if 50% of the total date palm waste were processed through fast pyrolysis, with a payback time of 2.57 years. Besides that, this intervention will reduce 2029 tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually, contributing towards a lower carbon footprint.

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Lahijani, Pooya, Zainal Alimuddin Zainal, Abdul Rahman Mohamed, and Maedeh Mohammadi. "Microwave-enhanced CO2 gasification of oil palm shell char." Bioresource Technology 158 (April 2014): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.015.

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Falamarz Tahir, Aola Hussein, Faris Hammoodi Al-Ani, and Abdul Hameed Muhammed Jawad Al-Obaidy. "Analysis of different date palm parts for char production." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 779, no. 1 (2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/779/1/012015.

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Mohd Yunos, Nur Farhana Diyana, Nor Athirah Aziz, Anis Nadhirah Ismail, and Muhammad Asri Idris. "Reduction Behaviour of Iron Ores by Agricultural Waste Chars." Materials Science Forum 819 (June 2015): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.819.31.

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Iron and steelmaking are two of the largest energy intensive industries with the highest growth rate in energy consumption of all energy utilisation sectors. In order to meet the growing greenhouse challenges, incorporation of renewable resources to the existing and emerging metallurgical operation are desirable. In this respect, agricultural wastes can be potentially applied as fuel for ironmaking process to stabilise the greenhouse emissions as it is renewable and CO2neutral. Thus, the present study investigates the reduction behavior of iron ore minerals and growth of metallic iron in reduction process. The process was utilized palm shells char (pyrolyzed) as reducing agent at high temperature (1000°C) with inert gas oxygen within 2 hours of reduction reactions. Reducing agent plays a vital role in the reduction process where metallic iron was produced. After the reduction for sample mass ratio of 30:70 palm char over iron ore blend. Metallic iron produced was detected by XRD pattern as well as the other oxides through SEM/EDS analysis. The result indicates that palm shells char can be used as reducing agent by producing metallic iron effectively. The beneficial effect on the environment through decrease use of coke/coal consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in steelmaking process.

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Lerkkasemsan, Nuttapol. "Kinetic Study of Steam Gasificaiton of Palm Kernel Shell Char." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 855 (May 28, 2020): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/855/1/012006.

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kevwe P.O, Ogheneru, and Nw anze N. "Production of Bio-Char by Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering 5, no. 4 (2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23488360/ijme-v5i4p101.

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Raju, Muhammad, Armansyah Tambunan, and Radite Setiawan. "Characterization of Pyrolysis Char and Gases of Palm Oil Waste." Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 04, no. 2 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.19028/jtep.04.2.153-160.

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Ahmad, Nor Azlina, Khaled Ali Al-attab, Zainal Alimuddin Zainal, and Pooya Lahijani. "Microwave assisted steam - CO2 char gasification of oil palm shell." Bioresource Technology Reports 15 (September 2021): 100785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100785.

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de la Torre, Ernesto, and Sebastián Gámez. "Not Reacted Core Model Applied in Palm Nut Shell Pyrolysis." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019 (January 2, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9561265.

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One of the main sources of activated carbon is biomass which can be transformed into char by pyrolysis. Apart from the obtaining coal, the pyrolysis of biomass can be used for the preparation of fuels, and this is why it is very important to determine its kinetic parameters for modelling. In the present research, the pyrolysis enthalpy of palm nut shells (Elaeis guineensis) was determined with the use of a differential scanning calorimetry study (DSC). To determine the kinetic parameters, the Not Reacted Core model was employed. This model considers that there is a heat and mass gradient between the furnace atmosphere and the interface formed during pyrolysis. To obtain the required data for the model, palm nut shells were submitted to pyrolysis in a Nichols furnace under reducing atmosphere. Samples were taken every 10 minutes to calculate char conversion. The experimental pyrolysis enthalpy resulted to be 301.81 J/g and then the monomeric units of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were employed in order to determine the pyrolysis enthalpy per mole. The three biopolymers react with different mechanisms at different temperatures. The molecular weight resulted to be 172.38 g/mole, and the enthalpy for pyrolysis was 52.03 kJ/mol. For the application of the Not Reacted Core model, the amorphous char heat transfer coefficient was selected, and the value is 1.6 J/s·m·K. The reaction rate constant was 6.64 × 10−9 1/s assuming a first-order reaction, whereas the effective diffusion across the char layer was 4.83 × 10−7 m2/s.

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OMAR, bin Hamidum, Tamio IDA, Satoru MIZUNO, Yasunobu KIKUI, and Takuya UENO. "201 Properties of Bio-char-coke made from Mixtures of Palm EFB Fiber and Coffee Char." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2015.25 (2015): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2015.25.65.

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Ismail, Anis Nadhirah, Nur Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos, Shamsul Baharin Jamaludin, Muhammad Asri Idris, Mohd Hakim Ibrahim, and Veena Sahajwalla. "Influence of Reduction Temperatures on Reduction of FeO-Containing Slag by Agricultural Waste." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.441.

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Generally, the conventional carbon sources such coke/coal are used in EAF steelmaking attributed the highest growth rate in energy consumption. A substitute routes striving to improve energy efficiency by providing auxiliary sources is essential. The unique features such high carbon content, surface area, porosity and low sulphur was available in agricultural waste clearly have the potential to be used as reducing agent in steelmaking process. The present study investigated the reduction behavior of EAF slag and production of metallic iron by reduction process. The carbon materials, coke and palm char (pyrolyzed via chemical activation) were used as reducing agent composite with EAF slag respectively. The reduction reaction was conducted in horizontal tube furnace at different reduction temperatures (1250°C, 1350°C, 1450°C and 1550°C) under argon gas (flow rate 0.01L/min) within 20 minutes. The reduced sample was examined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to understand the reduction behavior of both composite samples. Palm char showed more efficient due to improvement in degree of FeO reduction which was 57.72% compared to coke, 26.72%. The phase movement from iron oxide to iron was influenced by the reduction temperatures. XRD pattern revealed that the metallic iron was initiating appeared at temperature 1250°C and completely reduced at temperature of 1550°C . Predominant peak of metallic iron and the other oxides was clarified by EDS spectra. This study found that palm char has viability to be used as carbon sources in steelmaking applications.

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Azizi, Nor, Young Kwang Kim, Jin Miyawaki, Isao Mochida, and Seong Ho Yoon. "Catalytic Steam Gasification of Waste Palm Tree Trunk Derived Bio-Char." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.252.

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Catalytic steam gasification of Malaysia Waste Palm Tree Trunk Derived Bio-char was studied using alkali metal carbonate (K2CO3) supported perovskite oxide catalysts which showed a favor catalytic activity in the carbon combustion. The bio-char steam gasification reactions were carried out using a fixed reactor under a steam atmosphere with different catalysts, such as K2CO3/LaMn0.8Cu0.2O3, K2CO3/Alumina, Nikel/LaMn0.8Cu0.2O3, Nikel/Alumina, and Alumina, respectively. The effects of temperature, catalyst support and catalysts mixing ratio on the syngas compositions and carbon conversion were carefully investigated. The syngas compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). K2CO3/LaMn0.8Cu0.2O3catalyst showed better carbon conversion compared to the other catalysts, which indicated the Perovskite Oxide was more effective as a support for the gasification catalyst. The results showed that the better carbon conversion within short time removed nearly 100% of heavy and light tar.

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Harussani, M. M., S. M. Sapuan, Umer Rashid, and A. Khalina. "Development and Characterization of Polypropylene Waste from Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)-Derived Char-Filled Sugar Palm Starch Biocomposite Briquettes." Polymers 13, no. 11 (2021): 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111707.

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Slow pyrolysis using a batch reactor at 450 °C was applied to the polypropylene (PP) powder derived from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) isolation gown waste to yield char briquettes, using sugar palm starch (SPS) and a manual hydraulic press. These studies are significant because of reductions in plastic waste from the preparation of barbecue coal due to environmental sustainability. The results presented here include the physical, morphological, thermal, combustion, and mechanical properties of char when reinforced with various percentages of SPS loadings (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%), which act as a matrix/binder to produce char/sugar palm starch (C/SPS) composites. The physical and morphological characteristics of C/SPS composites were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). On the other hand, the thermal and combustion properties of the C/SPS briquettes were studied via thermogravimetric and bomb calorimeter analysis. The results show that the compressive strength of the briquettes increased as the SPS loading increased, whereas the higher heating values (HHV) reduced. The findings indicate that C-80/SPS-20 briquettes presented excellent combustion characteristics (1,761,430 J/g) with satisfactory mechanical strength (1.463 MPa) in the compression test. Thus, C-80/SPS-20 briquettes are the most suitable composites for domestic and commercial uses.

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Fongue, J., C. Antoine, D. Delarbre, et al. "Éruption palmo-plantaire révélant une maladie des griffes du chat : premier cas." Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie 142, no. 12 (2015): S607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annder.2015.10.389.

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Rozhan, Alya Naili, Mohd Hanafi Ani, Hamzah Mohd Salleh, Tomohiro Akiyama, and Hadi Purwanto. "Development of Carbon-infiltrated Bio-char from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch." ISIJ International 55, no. 2 (2015): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.55.436.

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Uemura, Yoshimitsu, Ali Norizan, Hafizah Ahmad Afif, et al. "Fast Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Kernel Shell in a Fluidized Bed Reactor: The Effect of Biomass Size on the Yields of Pyrolysis Products." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.608.

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This study investigates the effect of biomass size on the yields of char, liquid (organic compounds and water) and gas for fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell (PKS). Fast pyrolysis was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor of 108 mm in internal diameter operated at 450 °C using three different sizes of palm kernel shell (0.325, 0.75 and 1.5 mm). In specific the effect of biomass size on the yields of known and unknown organics in bio-oil was mainly investigated. The major organics include acetic acid, phenol and furfural. The minor ones include 2-methylphenol, 4-methylphenol, 2-methylnaphthalene, benzene, toluene and tetrahydrofurane (THF). Smaller biomass sizes were favorable for higher bio-oil yields.

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Mutakha, Godfrey Shichenje, Emily Mwaliko, and Philip Kirwa. "Clinical bleeding patterns and management techniques of abnormal uterine bleeding at a teaching and referral hospital in Western Kenya." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0243166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243166.

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Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) affects 30% of reproductive age women globally. However, there are limited local studies evaluating the management of these women. The diagnostic guideline using structural and functional causes of AUB adopts the PALM-COEIN criteria, namely: Polyp; Adenomyosis; Leiomyoma; Malignancy and Hyperplasia; Coagulopathy; Ovulatory dysfunction; Endometrial; Iatrogenic; and Not yet classified. This study aimed to determine the clinical bleeding patterns, adherence to PALM-COEIN diagnosis guidelines and management of AUB among women in their reproductive age. This was a cross-sectional study among 108 women with AUB aged 18–45 years was conducted at the gynaecology department of Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Western Kenya between April 2018 and April 2019. Their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaire and chart reviews. Adherence to diagnosis recommendations was assessed using PALM COEIN classification. Descriptive and inferential data analysis was conducted at 95% confidence interval. The median age was 30 (IQR: 22, 41) years with prolonged bleeding as the most predominant pattern at 41.7%. Bleeding patterns were significantly associated with age (p = 0.04). Only 16.7% were diagnosed as per the PALM-COEIN criteria with PALM and COEIN accounting for 60% and 40% respectively. Leiomyoma (44.5%) was the common cause of AUB. Laboratory evaluation included: pregnancy tests, full haemogram, hormonal profile and biopsy. Most (79.6%) of the women had abdominopelvic ultrasound done. Medical management was provided for 78.7% of women. Prolonged bleeding was the most common pattern with medical management preferred. There is need for in-hospital algorithms to ensure adherence to PALM-COEIN guidelines.

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Bao, Mingyue, Minmin Liu, Qingxia Zhang, Tonglin Wang, Xia Sun, and Jinguang Xu. "Factors Affecting the Color of Herbaceous Peony." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 145, no. 4 (2020): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04892-20.

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Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a well-known ornamental plant with abundant flower colors. However, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of flower color formation is limited. In this study, a wild sample of herbaceous peony (collected from Heze, China) and eight cultivars with different colors were selected for experimental investigation. The Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart was used to determine flower color, and the anatomic structure; cell sap pH value; moisture content (MC); condensed tannin content (Ct); soluble sugar and soluble protein content of the petals; and content and composition of anthocyanin, flavonoids, and carotenoids in the petals were examined. 1) In the white, pinkish white, pale purple, purplish pink, and reddish purple cultivars, deeper color was associated with greater total amounts of anthocyanin (TA). Hypochromic effects were observed for kaempferol-7-O-glucoside (Km7G), myricetin-3-rhamnoside (My3R), and luteolin-7-O-glucoside (Lu7G). The accumulation of quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Qu3G) and lutein affected yellow color formation in the petals. 2) There are papillate epidermal cells in the petals of the wild P. lactiflora sample, ‘Lanyucangjin’, and ‘Dongjingnvlang’. 3) Cell sap pH and MC of the petals of white, pinkish white, pale purple, and purplish pink cultivars were greater than those of the purplish red and most of the reddish purple cultivars. 4) The Ct was greatest in the purplish red cultivars, whereas no condensed tannins were detected in the white, pinkish white, and pale purple cultivars. 5) There were no significant correlations among soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, and the other physiological indications.

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Zailani, Ramlan, Halim Ghafar, and M. Sufian So’aib. "The Influence of Oxygen in the Carbonization of Oil Palm Shell on Bio-Char Yield and Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.499.

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The presence of oxygen from air infiltration during the carbonization process of biomass is expected to be detrimental to biochar yield and properties. Experimental study was carried out on oil palm shell in a fixed-bed pyrolyser under various oxygen concentrations ranging from 0% to 11 % by varying the nitrogen and oxygen fractions in the pyrolysing gas mixture. The two critical parameters: the bed temperature and holding time were also varied. Process optimization was carried out by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by employing Central Composite Design (CCD) using Design Expert 6.0 Software. The effect of oxygen ratio and holding time on biochar yield within the temperature range studied were statistically significant. The optimum condition of 30.0 % biochar yield of palm shell was predicted at pyrolysis temperature of 420 °C, oxygen percentage of 2.3% and holding time of two hours. This prediction closely agreed with the experiment finding of 31.1% biochar yield.

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Lozada, José R., Ernesto Arends, Domingo Sánchez, et al. "Recovery after 25 years of the tree and palms species diversity on a selectively logged forest in a Venezuelan lowland ecosystem." Forest Systems 25, no. 3 (2016): e066. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2016253-08178.

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Aim of study: We evaluate palm and tree species diversity in a floodplain forest and the changes affecting the plots subjected to different intensities of selective logging.Area of study: The western alluvial plains of Venezuela.Materials and Methods: A randomized complete blocks design was established 25 years ago with three felling treatments (trees with diameter greater than 20 cm, 40 cm and 60 cm). Each treatment had three replications, using 1 ha permanent plots. We have measured all trees and palms bigger than over 10 cm in diameter. The data set was used to calculate the Importance Value Index of each species, the Shannon-Wiener index, the Hill Numbers and the Chao-Sørensen index.Main results: Disturbance increases the importance value index of pioneer species like Cecropia peltata, Ochroma pyramidale and Triplaris americana. All treatments produce changes on the floristic diversity but most of them are not significant. Only the high impact treatment causes a decrease in the species richness, but after 5 year of recovery this parameter is close to its previous levels (N0= 43.5). In logged forests, species loss (9.2%) is lower than in the control plots (11.7%) and is also lower than the rate of occurrence of species input (14.6%).Research highlights: In these logged forests restoration of diversity is acceptable because is higher than 91% (Chao-Sørensen index). Selective logging, with low and medium intensity, is a disturbance that works in a similar way to natural disturbances. All the diversity indexes recovered the pre-harvest level values.Keywords: Caparo - Venezuela; ecological restoration; forest dynamics; forest management; forest succession; Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis; permanent plots.

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Felder, John M., Elspeth J. R. Hill, Hollie A. Power, Jessica Hasak, and Susan E. Mackinnon. "Cross-Palm Nerve Grafts to Enhance Sensory Recovery in Severe Ulnar Neuropathy." HAND 15, no. 4 (2019): 526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944718822851.

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Background: Intrinsic atrophy and debilitating sensory loss are prominent features of severe ulnar neuropathy with limited surgical options to reliably improve recovery. Restoration of sensation is important to provide protection for the vulnerable ulnar border of the hand. Here, we report our experience with side-to-side sensory nerve grafting from the median to ulnar nerve in the palm to enhance ulnar sensory recovery. Methods: A retrospective chart review identified patients with severe ulnar neuropathy who underwent cross-palm nerve grafting. Included patients had objective loss of protective sensation in the ulnar distribution with 2-point discrimination >8 mm, Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing (SWMT) >4.56, or no sensory response on nerve conduction testing. Cross-palm side-to-side tension-free grafting from median to ulnar sensory components was performed using short-segment allograft or autografts. Analysis included patient etiology, procedures, nerve conduction studies, objective sensory testing, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Disability score. Results: Forty-eight patients with severe ulnar neuropathy underwent cross-palm nerve grafting between 2014 and 2017. Twenty-four patients had adequate follow-up for inclusion. Of the 24 patients, 21 (87%) had return of protective sensation, 16 (66.7%) had return of diminished light touch sensation, and 6 (25%) had return to normal range sensation within 1 year as assessed by SWMT and/or 2-point discrimination. Patients treated with autograft demonstrated referred sensation to the median nerve distribution. Conclusions: Cross-palm nerve grafting may be a useful adjunct to enhance sensory recovery in severe ulnar neuropathy. Further study to quantify differences in sensory recovery between traditional operative techniques and cross-palm nerve grafting is required.

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Walker, Trent. "A Chant Has Nine Lives." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 15, no. 3 (2020): 36–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2020.15.3.36.

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The story of how Theravada Buddhism came to be adopted among urban Kinh communities in southern Vietnam challenges how scholars narrate Buddhist history. Focusing on the transformation of a single liturgical text—a chant, originally in the Pali language, to invite a monk to give a sermon—as it circulates across Thailand and Cambodia before its eventual translation from Khmer into Vietnamese in the mid-twentieth century, this essay reveals how chants grow as they circulate, how Theravada liturgies unsettle distinctions between classical and vernacular languages, and how ritual and ideological necessities shape translation in new cultural contexts.

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Syed-Hassan, Syed Shatir A., and Siti Nor Izuera Nor-Azemi. "Gasification of Nickel-Preloaded Oil Palm Biomass with Air." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 11, no. 3 (2016): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.3.566.262-272.

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This study experimentally investigates the gasification of nickel-preloaded oil palm biomass as an alternative catalytic approach to produce clean syngas. To eliminate the use of catalyst support, nickel was added directly to the oil palm mesocarp fiber via ion-exchange using an aqueous solution of nickel nitrate. Nickel species was found to disperse very well on the biomass at a nano-scale dispersion. The presence of the finely dispersed nickels on biomass enhanced syngas production and reduced tar content in the producer gas during the air gasification of biomass. It is believed that nickel particles attached on the biomass and its char promote the catalytic cracking of tar on their surface and supply free radicals to the gas phase to enhance the radical-driven gas-phase reactions for the reforming of high molecular weight hydrocarbons. The unconsumed nickel-containing char shows great potential to be re-utilised as a catalyst to further enhance the destruction of tar components in the secondary tar reduction process. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reservedReceived: 12nd September 2015; Revised: 10th January 2016; Accepted:16th January 2016How to Cite: Syed-Hassan, S.S.A., Nor-Azemi, S. (2016). Gasification of Nickel-Preloaded Oil Palm Biomass with Air. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis, 11 (3): 262-272 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.3.566.262-272)Permalink/DOI: <a href="http://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.3.566.262-272">http://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.3.566.262-272</a>

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Atnaw, Samson Mekbib, Soo Chuan Kueh, and Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman. "Study on Tar Generated from Downdraft Gasification of Oil Palm Fronds." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/497830.

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One of the most challenging issues concerning the gasification of oil palm fronds (OPF) is the presence of tar and particulates formed during the process considering its high volatile matter content. In this study, a tar sampling train custom built based on standard tar sampling protocols was used to quantify the gravimetric concentration of tar (g/Nm3) in syngas produced from downdraft gasification of OPF. The amount of char, ash, and solid tar produced from the gasification process was measured in order to account for the mass and carbon conversion efficiency. Elemental analysis of the char and solid tar samples was done using ultimate analysis machine, while the relative concentration of the different compounds in the liquid tar was determined making use of a liquid gas chromatography (GC) unit. Average tar concentration of 4.928 g/Nm3and 1.923 g/Nm3was obtained for raw gas and cleaned gas samples, respectively. Tar concentration in the raw gas sample was found to be higher compared to results for other biomass materials, which could be attributed to the higher volatile matter percentage of OPF. Average cleaning efficiency of 61% which is comparable to that of sand bed filter and venturi scrubber cleaning systems reported in the literature was obtained for the cleaning system proposed in the current study.

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Triwiswara, Mutiara, Chang-Gu Lee, Joon-Kwan Moon, and Seong-Jik Park. "Adsorption of triclosan from aqueous solution onto char derived from palm kernel shell." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 177 (2020): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.24872.

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Budiman, Ismail, Dede Hermawan, Fauzi Febrianto, Gustan Pari, and Subyakto. "Char properties and pollutant adsorption capability of oil palm shell using hydrothermal process." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 9, no. 4 (2019): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00394-5.

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Abnisa, Faisal, Arash Arami-Niya, W. M. A. Wan Daud, and J. N. Sahu. "Characterization of Bio-oil and Bio-char from Pyrolysis of Palm Oil Wastes." BioEnergy Research 6, no. 2 (2013): 830–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-013-9313-8.

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He, Lin, and Stanley Osher. "A fast multiphase level set algorithm for solving the Chan-Vese model." PAMM 7, no. 1 (2007): 1041911–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200700659.

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Okoroigwe, Edmund C., S. O. Enibe, and S. O. Onyegegbu. "Determination of oxidation characteristics and decomposition kinetics of some Nigerian biomass." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 27, no. 3 (2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2016/v27i3a1554.

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The oxidation characteristics and devolatilisation kinetics studies of palm kernel shell (Elaeis guineensis), African bush mango wood and shell (Irvingia wombolu), and African border tree wood (Newbouldia laevis), were carried out by the thermogravimetric method. A thermogravimetric analyser TA Q500 instrument was used at a heating rate of 30 °C.min-1 under oxidative conditions. It was observed that all the samples followed a two-stage structural decomposition between 200 °C and500 °C. The greatest mass loss rate occurred within the oxidation stage (200–375 °C) in all the samples. The ignition temperature of the samples ranged from 275–293 °C while their burnout temperatures ranged from 475–500 °C. During the oxidationstage, African bush mango shell was the most reactive sample, while palm kernel shell was the least. During the char combustion stage (375–500 °C), the reactivity of palm kernel shell was the highest. The average activation energy of the samples for the entire decomposition period are 140, 270, 131 and 231 kJ.mol-1 respectively. The biomass samples considered are thus suitable for combustion purposes for bioenergy production with minimal external energy input.

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Yahaya, Haryanti, Rozzeta Dollah, Norsahika Mohd Basir, Rohit Karnik, and Halimaton Hamdan. "Conversion of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Biomass to Bio-Oil and Jet Bio-Fuel by Catalytic Fast-Pyrolysis Process." ASM Science Journal 14 (April 1, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2020.508.

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Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass is a potential source of renewable energy. Catalytic fast-pyrolysis batch process was initially performed to convert oil palm EFB into bio-oil, followed by its refinement to jet bio-fuel. Crystalline zeolites A and Y; synthesised from rice husk ash (RHA), were applied as heterogeneous catalysts. The catalytic conversion of oil palm EFB to bio-oil was conducted at a temperature range of 320-400°C with zeolite A catalyst loadings of 0.6 - 3.0 wt%. The zeolite catalysts were characterised by XRD, FTIR and FESEM. The bio-oil and jet bio-fuel products were analysed using GC-MS and FTIR. The batch fast-pyrolysis reaction was optimised at 400°C with a catalyst loading of 1.0 wt%, produced 42.7 wt% yields of liquid bio-oil, 35.4 wt% char and 21.9 wt% gaseous products. Analysis by GCMS indicates the compound distribution of the liquid bio-oil are as follows: hydrocarbons (23%), phenols (61%), carboxylic acids (0.7%), ketones (2.7%), FAME (7.7%) and alcohols (0.8%). Further refinement of the liquid bio-oil by catalytic hydrocracking over zeolite Y produced jet bio-fuel, which contains 63% hydrocarbon compounds (C8-C18) and 16% of phenolic compounds.

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Kalasee, Wachara, and Panya Dangwilailux. "Smoke Particle, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Total Benzo[a]pyrene Toxic Equivalence Emitted by Palm Oil Sewage Sludge Bio-Char Combustion." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (2021): 8339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188339.

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The size distribution, total particle mass concentration (TPMC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) value, and total Benzo[a]pyrene Toxic Equivalence (BaPTE) concentration of smoke particles from palm oil sewage sludge (POSS) bio-char combustion were studied. In this experiment, temperature data of the POSS bio-char combustion were recorded in two parts: particle temperature (Tp) by using a two-color pyrometer and temperature at 300, 500 and 800 mm, respectively, above the fire base by using K-type thermocouples. The POSS bio-char moisture content, clean air speed values, and burning period affected the change of temperature above the fire base. The mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) values of the POSS bio-char combustion were found to be 0.44 to 1.05 micron at various moisture contents and burning periods. The MMAD, TPMC, and PAHs values increased with increasing moisture content and decreased the POSS bio-char combustion period. For the total BaPTE values, the results showed that the decrease in moisture content of the POSS bio-char samples had a prime influence in decreasing the total BaPTE values. Meanwhile, with decreases in the clean air speed values, the total BaPTE values were increased. Comparing the total BaPTE data between the experimental results and predicted values, the first-degree model had a better fit in predicting than the zero-degree model; this result was confirmed by the higher mean of the coefficient of determination.

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Pivetta, K. F. L., R. C. de Paula, G. S. Cintra, et al. "EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON SEED GERMINATION OF QUEEN PALM SYAGRUS ROMANZOFFIANA (CHAM.) GLASSMAN (ARECACEAE)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 683 (June 2005): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.683.49.

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Lahijani, Pooya, Zainal Alimuddin Zainal, and Abdul Rahman Mohamed. "Catalytic effect of iron species on CO2 gasification reactivity of oil palm shell char." Thermochimica Acta 546 (October 2012): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2012.07.023.

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Yunos, Nur Farhana Mohd, Muhammad Asri Idris, Sri Raj Rajeswari Munusamy, and K. Perumal. "Effect of using Palm Char and Coke as a Reductant in Production of Ferrosilicon." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 957 (November 25, 2020): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/957/1/012031.

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Thangalazhy-Gopakumar, Suchithra, Wail Mohammed Ahmed Al-Nadheri, Dinesh Jegarajan, J. N. Sahu, N. M. Mubarak, and S. Nizamuddin. "Utilization of palm oil sludge through pyrolysis for bio-oil and bio-char production." Bioresource Technology 178 (February 2015): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.068.

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Wang, Peng, Guangwei Wang, Jianliang Zhang, Jui-Yuan Lee, Yanjiang Li, and Chuan Wang. "Co-combustion characteristics and kinetic study of anthracite coal and palm kernel shell char." Applied Thermal Engineering 143 (October 2018): 736–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.08.009.

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Yunos, N. F. M., A. N. Ismail, S. R. R. Munusamy, M. A. Idris, and V. Sahajwalla. "Reaction Kinetics of Palm Char and Coke with Iron Oxides in EAF Steelmaking Slag." Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 7, no. 2 (2021): 412–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00342-6.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Palm chat'

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