Relevant bibliographies by topics / Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)"

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Jiang, Wenbo, Yan Zhang, Haijian Cheng, et al. "Fermented Palm Kernel Cake Improves the Rumen Microbiota and Metabolome of Beef Cattle." Animals 14, no. 21 (2024): 3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14213088.

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In this study, we utilised palm kernel cake as a substrate and fermented it with a composite of bacteria (Pediococcus pentosaceus CGMCC No. 27203 and Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC No. 27202) and enzymes. We conducted a trial with twenty-four cattle, randomly divided into two groups of twelve cattle each. The control group (CON) was fed the standard farm diet, whereas the treatment group (PKC) received a diet with 3% of soyabean replaced by fermented palm kernel cake. The trial lasted for six weeks. The results showed no significant differences in growth performance between the PKC and CON grou
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Putra, Andrianopsyah Mas Jaya, Nelma Fadila, Zahra Shafa Mujahidah, et al. "Nanodots from Palm Kernel Cake." E3S Web of Conferences 503 (2024): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450302001.

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Palm kernel cake (PKC) is the remaining of a palm (Elaeis guineensis) kernel after its oil is separated. Oversupply of this biomass could become an environmental problem. Meanwhile, its moist property makes it suitable for a hydrothermal carbonization to afford added values for the biomass and overcome its potential environmental problem. From the hydrothermal processes of PKC with aquadest and nanobubbled water at 200 ºC for 6 hours, nanodots with the size around 50 nm were obtained. The nanodots may be decorated with amides on their surface. Upon illumination by an ultra-violet A wave (350 n
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Haspiadi, Haspiadi. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Padat Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) sebagai Sumber Karbon Aktif dengan Proses Kimia." Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri 10, no. 1 (2016): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26578/jrti.v10i1.1738.

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Solid waste of Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a by product of oil extraction from palm nut pose a serious environmental problem in some factories of Palm Kernel Oil (PKO. Thererfore the research about utilization of palm kernel cake solid waste (PKC) as a source of activated carbon was performed. From this research is to know quality of activated carbon using palm kernel cake as a row material to compare with the SNI 06-3730-1995. The process was carried out is chemical activation method with in laboratory scale using two types activator, which is phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide at six diff
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Pasaribu, Tiurma. "Efforts to Improve the Quality of Palm Kernel Cake through Fermentation Technology and Enzyme Addition for Poultry." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 28, no. 3 (2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v28i3.1820.

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Palm kernel cake (PKC) with the protein content 14-21% and crude fiber about 17.63% is a by product of palm kernel oil. Utilization of PKC as source of protein for poultry feed is still limited. While demand of feed is getting increased. Therefore, the technology to improve PKC quality is needed to optimalize using PKC. This paper inform any efforts to improve the quality of PKC through fermentation technology and addition of enzymes and their utilization as poultry feed ingredient. Fermentation process of PKC can be done using single bacteria, mold or combination of them. By fermentation tech
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Pimentel, Leidiane Reis, Fabiano Ferreira da Silva, Robério Rodrigues Silva, Alex Resende Schio, Eli Santana de Oliveira Rodrigues, and Lucas Teixeira Costa. "Economic viability of including palm kernel cake in diets for feedlot lactating cows." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 38, no. 3 (2016): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v38i3.31150.

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This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of palm kernel cake in the diet for lactating crossbred cows in feedlot system, and its implications on economic viability. We used 12 crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows assigned to three 4 x 4 Latin Squares, in the following treatments: control (without inclusion of palm kernel cake in the diet); inclusion of 50, 100 or 150 g palm kernel cake (PKC) per kg in the total dry matter (TDM). Earnings per animal showed a reduction in values, this decrease in profitability is related to the increase in feed costs, specifically, and the costs with concentrate, wh
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Wulan, Rahayu, Rika Indri Astuti, Yaya Rukayadi, Sri Estuningsih, and Anja Meryandini. "Seleksi, Karakterisasi Morfologi, dan Identifikasi Aktinobakteri Penghasil Mananase Asal Hutan Tanah Jambi untuk Produksi Mananoligosakarida." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 27, no. 2 (2022): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.27.2.279.

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 As the world's largest producer of crude palm oil, Indonesia also produces high palm kernel cake (PKC) by-products. PKC has a high mannan content, so it can be used to produce prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS). Enzymatic MOS production can be carried out using actinobacterial mannanase's microbiological approach. The HJ45B-1 isolate was the best isolate, with a peak enzyme production of 0,338 U/mL on the 10th day of incubation. The mannanase enzyme was stable in storage at 27°C. MOS production using 1% PKC substrate produced MOS with the best degree of polymerization (2-4) with in
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Adesida, S. A., J. A. Agunbiade, and O. O. Eniolorunda. "Effect of palm kernel cake and deoiled palm kernel cake on the performance of cockerels." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 37, no. 1 (2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v37i1.629.

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Forty (40), thirteen weeks old cockerels were allocated to five dietary treatments after balancing for weight. The eight birds on each dietary treatment were replicated four times, such that two birds served as a replicate. In diet 1 (control) contain 0% Palm Kernel Cake (KPC) and Deoiled Palm Kernel Cake (DOC). Diet 2 and 3 continued 40% KPC, Diet 2 was presented in mash form while Diet 3 was presented in pellet. Diets 4 and 5 contained 40% DOC, Diet 4 was presented as mash while diet % was presented as pellet. Dietary treatments had no effect (P>0.05) on daily weight gain (ADG) and feed c
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Aina, A. B. J., A. O. Yusuf, L. A. Sogbade, and O. S. Sowande. "Evaluation of different combinations of palm kernel cake - and cotton seed cake - based diets on the performance of West African Dwarf goats." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 29, no. 2 (2021): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v29i2.1561.

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An experiment was carried out using 15 West African Dwarf goats (8 - 10kg body weight) to investigate the comparative performance of the animals when different combinations of palm kernel cake and cotton seed cake were contained in their diets. Results indicated that 40% palm kernel cake (zero cotton seed cake) in the diets significantly induced better feed utilization for gain (100g/d) and feed conversion ratio (3.70), least total dry matter intake (4.8% body weight) and leasi water consumption (40ml/ ww. kg; P>0.05) than other combinations. The least crude protein (15.5%) and the highest
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Wai-Lin, Siew. "Determination of Shell Content in Palm Kernel Cake." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, no. 1 (1996): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.1.80.

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Abstract A method for determining shell in palm kernel cake (PKC) is described. This simple and rapid method requires little pretreatment compared with the method currently used in PKC trade, in which the sample undergoes defatting, acid and alkali digestion, and washing, before a chloroform-alcohol solution is used to separate the shells. In the proposed method, only defatting the sample is required. The shells are separated by the density difference between the shell and PKC in a potassium iodide solution. Recoveries of at least 93% were obtained, and the correlation coefficient between the
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JIMOH, A. A., E. B. IBITOYE, O. C. TEMIDAYO, et al. "COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF THREE PLANT PROTEIN CAKES ON PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, HAEMATOLOGY, SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY AND PRODUCTION ECONOMICS OF WEANER RABBITS." FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology 9, no. 3 (2023): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2023.0903.03.

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This research was conducted to compare the effects of feeding three plant protein cakes, groundnut cake (GNC), cottonseed cake (CSC), and palm kernel cake (PKC) on performance, nutrient digestibility, haematology, serum biochemistry, and production economics of weaner rabbits. Twenty-four six weeks old, mixed-breed rabbits of both sexes were allotted into three groups randomly containing eight rabbits each. The treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3) were fed for five weeks on three different diets containing GNC, CSC, and PKC as protein sources respectively. Data generated were analyzed using one-w
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)"

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Raja, Deris Raja Razuan. "Combustion and slow pyrolysis of oil palm stones and palm kernel cake." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2168/.

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Biomass is an important new energy source because it is indigenous to every part of the world, inexpensive and renewable. Malaysia's ability to produce and consistently export a large quantity of high quality palm oil has made it one of the major vegetable oil exporters in the world. By-products and waste from the palm oil mills are generated in significant amounts and mainly consist of empty fruit bunches, oil palm stone, oil palm shell, palm kernel cake and palm oil mill effluent. Some of this waste is currently used as fuel for boilers with low energy efficiency, as a soil conditioner, or i
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WANG, KUO-HUNG, and 王國泓. "The Growth Efficiency of Black Soldier Flies (Hermetia illucens(L.)) by Using Palm Kernel Cake as The Only Resource." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5tj68g.

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碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>生物科技學系碩士班<br>107<br>Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a large amount of agricultural processing waste. In the previous studies, PKC was tried as a feed for higher animals. However, the animals except the ruminants can only acceptable for a limited amount in food because of the rich of cellulose. It is not efficient in the viewpoint of recirculation. In this study, black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (L.)) was introduced for the PKC consumption. In order to examine the possibility, we try to feed the larva of black soldier fly with PKC as the only food, and compare the growth efficiency
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Tsai, Ching-Hsuan, та 蔡靜萱. "Production of mannan oligosaccharide using β-mannanase produced by Aspergillus niger on palm kernel cake in solid state fermentation". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cmwjgq.

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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>食品科學系所<br>106<br>Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries are the main production areas of palm oil. Palm kernel cake (PKC), a waste product of the palm kernel oil extraction process contains more than 70% mannan of non-starch polysaccharides and therefore can serve as an excellent low-cost substrate for mannan oligosaccharide production. Mannan oligosaccharide can be used by probiotics in animal intestine to improve the composition of flora, and can stimulate the secretion of cytokines and chemokines from macrophages to enhance the immune response. I
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Chang, Wen, and 張雯. "The development of two immunostimulant, fermented palm kernel cake and Cordyceps militaris mycelium for the improvement of shrimp health status." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/asve75.

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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>食品科學系所<br>106<br>Palm kernel cake is a substrate in this study. Mannanase which is produced by fungi break down the mannan to mannooligosaccharides. C. militaris which can produce polysaccharide would ferment by submerged fermentation to get more polysaccharide. Explore mannooligosaccharides and polysaccharide as immune additive feeding. The most of mannose which is stored in the cell wall of natural plants is a chain polymer of mannose as a monomer. If mannan is too much in food, it will form a mucous membrane in the digestive tract of the animal to cover the inner wall of t
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Books on the topic "Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)"

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H.A. Hanafiah, I. Zulkifli, A.F. Soleimani, and E.A. Awad. Apparent metabolisable energy and ileal crude protein digestibility of various treated palm kernel cake based diets for heat-stressed broiler chickens. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1399/eps.2017.198.

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Book chapters on the topic "Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)"

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Bono, A., S. M. Anisuzzaman, N. M. Ismail, and R. Haziami. "Performance of Particleboard with Palm Kernel Cake as Filler." In Developments in Sustainable Chemical and Bioprocess Technology. Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6208-8_40.

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Farm, Y. Y., S. M. Anisuzzaman, D. Krishnaiah, and A. Bono. "Comparative Study of Cellulose Extraction Processes from Palm Kernel Cake." In Developments in Sustainable Chemical and Bioprocess Technology. Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6208-8_33.

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Krishnaiah, Duduku, Awang Bono, Collin G. Joseph, S. M. Anisuzzaman, and Lester Venantius. "A Study on the Adsorption of 2,4,6, Trichlorophenol by Palm Kernel Cake." In Advances in Waste Processing Technology. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4821-5_6.

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Wong, Y. P., H. Y. Saw, J. Janaun, K. Krishnaiah, and A. Prabhakar. "β-Mannanase Production by Aspergillus flavus in Solid-State Fermentation of Palm Kernel Cake." In Developments in Sustainable Chemical and Bioprocess Technology. Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6208-8_48.

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Al-Tabib, Abdualati Ibrahim, Rafidah Jalil, Hassimi Abu Hasan, and Mohd Sahaid Kalil. "Optimization of Biobutanol Production from Detoxified Palm Kernel Cake Hydrolysate by Clostridium Acetobutylicum YM1." In Green Energy and Technology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1695-5_12.

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Ropi, Anis Alysha Mat, and Shahrulzaman Shaharuddin. "Immobilization Efficiency of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC8014 on Palm Kernel Cake Toward Different Microbial Volume and Fiber Particle Size." In Advanced Transdisciplinary Engineering and Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01488-8_30.

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Boateng, M., D. B. Okai, A. Donkoh, and J. Baah. "Effect of processing method on nutritive value of palm kernel cake in non-ruminant diets." In Book of Abstracts for the 10th World Conference on Animal Production. Brill | Wageningen Academic, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/9789086865789_184.

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Conference papers on the topic "Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)"

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Wan Ahmad, W. F. H., and Y. Nagappan. "Moisture Retaining Test of Biochar, Coco Coir Peat, Palm Kernel Oil Cake and Charcoal Dust Mixtures for Grounding System Purposes." In 2024 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference (iSPEC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ispec59716.2024.10892518.

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Selamat, M. H., A. H. Ahmad, Mohamad Rusop, and Tetsuo Soga. "Black Ink of Activated Carbon Derived From Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)." In NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY: International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology—2008. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3160162.

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MAT YAMAN, Siti Hawa. "Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of phenolic-compounds from palm kernel cake and its antioxidant activity." In Decarbonization Technology: ICDT2024. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903575-24.

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Abstract. Palm Kernel Cake (PKC), a byproduct of the palm oil industry, is rich in phytochemical compounds, including phenolic acids, and has various potential applications. This study aimed to analyse the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Antioxidant Activity (AOA) of PKC extracts using Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE). The phenolic compounds extracted from the PKC were optimised using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach. Three parameters, pressure (150-300bar), temperature (40-80°C), and extraction time (20-60 minutes), were varied to optimise the TPC extraction. The results,
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Herliatika, Agustin, Arnold Parlindungan Sinurat, Tuti Haryati, and Ivone Subeni. "Effect of Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) Inclusion and Multi-Enzyme Supplementation on Layer Performances." In 6th International Seminar of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (ISANFS 2021). Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220401.013.

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ROSLI, Ellisa Natasya. "Kinetics modeling for the extraction of phenolic compound from palm kernel cake using microwave-assisted method." In Decarbonization Technology: ICDT2024. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903575-17.

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Abstract. This study investigates the influence of microwave heating power and extraction time on the extraction of total phenolic content (TPC) from palm kernel cake (PKC). Additionally, it explores the antioxidant activity (AOA) of the extracted TPC under various microwave heating powers. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is utilized as a non-conventional method for phenolic compound extraction, offering benefits such as reduced extraction time, minimal solvent usage, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity, while achieving high TPC and AOA yields. The parameters for microwave extraction includ
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Alzamora, Sebastian. "The Palm oil crop in Ecuador and its extraction." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/dqiq8597.

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The purpose of this presentation is to take you through the process of the Palm oil crop, harvest, and industrialization to obtain Crude Palm Oil (CPO).Palm oil crops started in Ecuador in 1950 and since then it has brought jobs, wealth and development to our society. Now, 80% of farmers have less than 50 hectares counting to a total of 256 000 hectares. Oil Palm tree is a perennial crop that starts production approximately 24 months after it is planted in the soil. It is harvested every 8 days all year round and it is one of the most versatile products in the world. All components of the frui
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Fan, Suet Pin, Chin Hua Chia, Zhen Fang, Sarani Zakaria, and Kah Leong Chee. "Deproteinated palm kernel cake-derived oligosaccharides: A preliminary study." In THE 2014 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2014 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4895171.

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Haryati, Tuti, Nurul Azizah, Arnold Parlindungan Sinurat, et al. "Effect of dietary palm kernel and palm kernel cake on the gastrointestinal tract health of Indonesian native chickens." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ORGANIC AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY (ICOAC) 2022. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0183957.

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Ly, Hoang Vu, Thanh-An Ngo, Jinsoo Kim, and Seung-Soo Kim. "Thermogravimetric Characterization of Palm Kernel Cake in a Closed Tubular Reactor." In 14th Asia Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering Congress. Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-1445-1_439.

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Eduful, George, Joseph Ekow Cole, and F. M. Tetteh. "Palm Kernel Oil Cake as an alternative to earth resistance-reducing agent." In 2009 IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition (PSCE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/psce.2009.4840017.

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Reports on the topic "Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)"

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Teran, Heidi, Diana Giraldo, Gabriel Chiappo, Maria del Pilar Noriega, and Farid Chejne Janna. Characterization of oil palm biomass, derived materials, and applications. Universidad de los Andes, 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.ss.bbb.7.

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The aim of this case study is to identify the value added of existent biomass fibers (i.e., agro-industrial byproducts) and potential blends. The purpose is to explain the facts about sustainable and/or organic oil palm biomass in the energy recovery sector and in the biobased materials industry. Demand for sustainable biobased materials and energy recovery from biomass triggered the rapid growth experienced by the agricultural industry over recent years, leading to concerns about its impact on the environment and ecosystem. The agricultural industry is currently making efforts to improve sust
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