To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Palm kernel cake.
Journal articles on the topic 'Palm kernel cake'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Palm kernel cake.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Widiyastuti, Dewi Amelia, and Nisa Salsabila. "Potensi Bungkil Inti Sawit Sebagai Campuran Media Tanam Pada Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum Escalantum Mill)." Jurnal Teknologi Agro-Industri 8, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34128/jtai.v8i1.126.
Full textAbstract:
Palm kernel meal or often referred to as (BIS) is one of the byproducts of processed palm oil in the manufacture of palm oil. The content of palm kernel cake (BIS) has fiber similar to the content in grass. Among other things containing less than 10% water, 14-17% protein, 9.5-10.5% fat and crude fiber 12-18%. Nutrition factions are cellulose, fat, protein, arabinoxilan, glucoronoxilan, and minerals. This material can be obtained by chemical processes or by mechanical means. So far, palm kernel cake (BIS) is widely used as animal feed because of the high protein contained therein, so it is very rarely used as a planting medium. This study aims to find the right composition in a mixture of palm kernel cake (BIS) which is good as a medium for planting a mixture of palm kernel cake (BIS) with mineral soil. In this study, the tomato nucleus (BIS) mixed tomato planting media had 4 treatments namely A0: without giving palm kernel cake (BIS), A1: 40 g palm kernel cake (BIS), A2: 50 g palm kernel cake (BIS), A3: 60 g palm kernel cake (BIS). The parameters measured were plant height growth and leaf blade growth based on the results of the study obtained, palm kernel cake has the potential to be one of the ingredients in making planting media.
 Keywords: Palm kernel cake (BIS), land application, tomato.
2
Pimentel, Leidiane Reis, Fabiano Ferreira da Silva, Robério Rodrigues Silva, et al. "Production performance of crossbred dairy cows fed palm kernel cake in feedlots." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 5 (2018): 2103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p2103.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of palm kernel cake in the diet on dietary intake and digestibility and performance of lactating crossbred cows. Twelve Holstein × Zebu crossbred cows were distributed in three 4 × 4 Latin squares with the following treatments: control (no inclusion of palm kernel cake in the diet); inclusion of 50 g of palm kernel cake kg-1 in the total dry matter, 100 g of palm kernel cake kg-1 in the total dry matter, and 150 g of palm kernel cake kg-1 in the total dry matter. There was no effect of palm kernel cake on the intakes of dry matter, corrected neutral detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients. The intakes of crude protein and ether extract increased linearly. Inclusion of palm kernel cake in the diet did not influence the digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, ether extract, and non-fibrous carbohydrates, or milk production, feed efficiency, and body weight change. Fat-corrected milk yield increased linearly with the addition of palm kernel cake. Inclusion of up to 150 g of palm kernel cake in diets did not influence the dietary intake and performance of lactating cows or the composition of their milk.
3
Muhammad Nur Hidayat. "BOBOT BADAN AKHIR DAN PERSENTASE BONELESS BROILER YANG DIBERIKAN BUNGKIL INTI SAWIT SEBAGAI PAKAN SUBTITUSI DEDAK PADI." Wahana Peternakan 6, no. 3 (2022): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37090/jwputb.v6i3.623.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to examine the response of final body weight and growth of broiler chest muscle given fermented and unfermented palm kernel cake as raw material for substitution of rice bran in broiler rations. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications filled with 2 chickens each. The treatments consisted of P0 (control), P1 (10% palm kernel cake), P2 (10% fermented palm kernel cake), P3 (15% fermented palm kernel cake), and P4 (20% palm kernel cake). The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the final weight or slaughter weight and the percentage of boneless breast meat, but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the percentage of breast bone and the ratio of bone meat. The addition of palm kernel cake up to 15% can increase the boneless broiler breast meat, although it tends to reduce the final weight of the broiler. So that the substitution of rice bran with fermented palm kernel cake can be replaced by up to 15%. Keywords: Palm kernel cake, Boneless, Boneless broiler meat, Meat and bone ratio
4
Liu, Yue, Ying Liu, Yunhe Cao, and Chunlin Wang. "Pretreatment of Palm Kernel Cake by Enzyme-Bacteria and Its Effects on Growth Performance in Broilers." Animals 15, no. 2 (2025): 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15020116.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to improve palm kernel cake by reducing anti-nutritional factors with enzymes and enhancing its nutritional value through microbial fermentation. It also examined the effects of these treatments on palm kernel cake in broiler chicken diets. Palm kernel cake was hydrolyzed using xylanase and mannanase under various conditions. Co-fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum QZSL and Saccharomyces boulardii mafic-1701 was assessed under different parameters. In the animal experiment, 350 male Cobb broiler chicks were divided into seven groups: a control group provided a corn-soybean meal diet, and groups provided diets containing 10% and 20% palm kernel cake, enzyme-hydrolyzed palm kernel cake, and bacteria-enzyme co-fermented palm kernel cake. Optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of palm kernel cake are 55 °C, pH 3.0, and a 1:2.5 feed-to-water ratio. Adding 0.1 g xylanase and 1.0 g mannanase to 10 g palm kernel cake for 12 h increased reduced sugar content to 139.33 mg/g and reduced neutral detergent fiber to 43.92%. For solid-state fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum QZSL and Saccharomyces boulardii mafic-1701, optimal conditions are 37 °C, 5% inoculation, 20% moisture, 3 days fermentation, and a 7:3 bacterial ratio. Animal experiments showed significant improvements in broilers’ growth, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal health. Enzyme-bacteria co-fermentation of palm kernel cake boosts its nutritional value and enhances broiler intestinal health.
5
Putri, Berta, Siti Hudaidah, and Widi Indra Kesuma. "PEMANFAATAN BUNGKIL INTI SAWIT SEBAGAI MEDIA PERTUMBUHAN CACING SUTRA (Tubifex sp.)." e-Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan 6, no. 2 (2018): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jrtbp.v6i2.p729-738.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research was to observe the effect of fermented palm kernel cake as a growth media for Tubifex sp. This research was conducted at the Aquaculture Laboratory, University of Lampung for 50 days. Completely Randomized Design (CDR) with 5 treatments and 3 replicates design is used for this experiment. The treatments are 100% field mud, 25% palm kernel cake :75% field mud, 50% palm kernel cake : 50% field mud, 75% palm kernel cake : 25% field mud, and 100% palm kernel cake. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) continued with Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The main parameters measured were Tubifex sp population and biomass as well as water quality parameters: pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia. The results showed that fermented palm kernel cake significantly (p<0,05) increase silk worm biomass and population. The best result of this research was found in 50% fermented palm kernel cake and 50% field mud media producing 111.008 ind/m2 and 750,72 gr/m2 of Tubifex sp. Water quality during Tubifex sp were measured at 0,26-0,91 mg/l ammonia, pH 6,14-7,11, temperature 25-28°C, and dissolved oxygen 2,9-3,9 mg/l.
6
Pimentel, Leidiane Reis, Fabiano Ferreira da Silva, Robério Rodrigues Silva, Alex Resende Schio, Eli Santana de Oliveira Rodrigues, and Lucas Teixeira Costa. "Economic viability of including palm kernel cake in diets for feedlot lactating cows." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 38, no. 3 (2016): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v38i3.31150.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of palm kernel cake in the diet for lactating crossbred cows in feedlot system, and its implications on economic viability. We used 12 crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows assigned to three 4 x 4 Latin Squares, in the following treatments: control (without inclusion of palm kernel cake in the diet); inclusion of 50, 100 or 150 g palm kernel cake (PKC) per kg in the total dry matter (TDM). Earnings per animal showed a reduction in values, this decrease in profitability is related to the increase in feed costs, specifically, and the costs with concentrate, which increased as the palm kernel cake was included in the treatments, 0, 50, 100 and 150 g kg-1 TDM. The effect observed for profitability affected the internal rate of return, which decreased with the inclusion of palm kernel cake levels in the diet. However, it was positive in all treatments, demonstrating the feasibility of investment in palm kernel cake. Data on the economic viability evidenced that treatment with 100 g palm kernel cake per kg TDM is the most financially viable under the conditions of this study.
7
Cruz, Claudia H., Thadeu M. Silva, Nivaldo B. Santana Filho, et al. "Effects of palm kernel cake (Elaeis guineensis) on intake, digestibility, performance, ingestive behaviour and carcass traits in Nellore bulls." Journal of Agricultural Science 156, no. 9 (2018): 1145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618001168.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe objective of the current experiment was to determine the effects of increasing levels of palm kernel cake in a finishing diet on feed intake, digestibility, performance, ingestive behaviour and carcass traits in zebu bulls. Thirty-two Nellore bulls (420 ± 25.0 kg initial body weight [BW] and 24-months-old), were assigned randomly to individual pens with four treatments (0, 70, 140 and 210 g/kg of palm kernel cake by total dry matter [DM]) and eight replicates per treatment. The inclusion of palm kernel cake linearly decreased DM, crude protein and non-fibrous carbohydrate intake and increased ether extraction intake and digestibility. There was a linear decrease in final BW and hot carcass weight (HCW) associated with palm kernel cake inclusion in the bull diet. However, the gain : feed ratio was similar among the diets. Eating and rumination rates (g DM or neutral detergent fibre/h) were reduced, whereas the total chewing time and idling (min/day) were not affected by palm kernel cake inclusion. There were no effects of palm kernel cake inclusion on most quantitative carcass characteristics and qualitative carcass attributes (subcutaneous fat thickness, longissimus muscle area, colour, texture and marbling). The inclusion of palm kernel cake (up to 210 g/kg total DM) in beef cattle finishing diets decreased eating and rumination rates, thereby decreasing average daily gain and, consequently, final BW and HCW. However, qualitative carcass attributes were not affected by the use of palm kernel cake.
8
Nur'aini, Nur'aini, and Andika Prawanto. "The Effectiveness of Maggot (Hermetia Illucens) Growth in Various Growing Media." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research 4, no. 3 (2022): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/injar.v4i3.7155.
Full textAbstract:
Utilization of maggot as a substitute for protein source feed ingredients can be a solution to overcome the high cost of feed. However, the inappropriate growth media caused the growth of maggots to be inhibited. Palm kernel cake, vegetable and fruit waste have high nutritional content which has the potential as a medium for growing maggots. The purpose of this study was to determine the best growth of maggot on various growing media. The treatments given in this study were P0A = 100% palm kernel cake; P0B = 100% vegetable and fruit waste; P1 = palm kernel cake 75% + vegetable and fruit waste 25%; P2 = palm kernel cake 50% + vegetable and fruit waste 50%; P3 = palm kernel cake 25% + vegetable and fruit waste 75%. The results showed that the use of growing media from mixing 25% palm kernel cake + 75% vegetable and fruit waste (P3) gave better results as a growth medium for the effectiveness of the growth of maggot. This is due to the nutritional needs of maggots for its growth have been met from the nutritional content and organic matter available in optimum quantities in the growing media. It was concluded that the growing media from palm kernel cake with vegetable and fruit waste had effectiveness in increasing the growth of maggot.
9
Aina, A. B. J., A. O. Yusuf, L. A. Sogbade, and O. S. Sowande. "Evaluation of different combinations of palm kernel cake - and cotton seed cake - based diets on the performance of West African Dwarf goats." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 29, no. 2 (2021): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v29i2.1561.
Full textAbstract:
An experiment was carried out using 15 West African Dwarf goats (8 - 10kg body weight) to investigate the comparative performance of the animals when different combinations of palm kernel cake and cotton seed cake were contained in their diets. Results indicated that 40% palm kernel cake (zero cotton seed cake) in the diets significantly induced better feed utilization for gain (100g/d) and feed conversion ratio (3.70), least total dry matter intake (4.8% body weight) and leasi water consumption (40ml/ ww. kg; P>0.05) than other combinations. The least crude protein (15.5%) and the highest metabolizable energy (8.37 MJ/kg) diet (40% PKC) provoked the fastest growth rate (100g/d) in the animals. Concentrate intake was higher in all the treatments than grass intake. The blood glucose, total blood protein, blood urea nitrogen and cost per kg body weight (18.3, 13.3, 31.Omg/dl and N33.8 (0.4 US dollar), respectively) were significantly lower in goats fed sole palm kernel cake based diets than those fed combinations of palm kernel cake and cottonseed cake. It is concluded that palm kernel cake alone (without any combination with cottonseed cake) is adequate as protein source in compounding protein supplements for West African Dwarf goats for profitable performance.
10
Mulyana, Abdullah Alhanan, Deden Sudrajat, and Jatmiko Jatmiko. "Pengaruh Subtitusi Pakan Komersil oleh Tepung Bungkil Inti Sawit terhadap Nilai Energi Metabolis dan Kecernaan Ransum Ayam Kampung." JURNAL PERTANIAN 8, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jp.v8i1.630.
Full textAbstract:
Bungkil inti sawit digunakan sebagai pakan ternak, berpotensi besar menggantikan sebagian bahan pakan pada ransum komesial. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi energi metabolis ransum mengandung bungkil inti sawit pada ayam kampung. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan menggunakan sebanyak 16 ekor ayam kampung disusun secara acak menjadi 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah R0= Pemberian pakan komersil tanpa penambahan bungkil inti sawit; R1= Pemberian pakan komersil dengan penambahan 10 % bungkil inti sawit; R2= Pemberian pakan komersil dengan penambahan 15 % bungkil inti sawit; R3= Pemberian pakan komersil dengan penambahan 20 % bungkil inti sawit. Peubah yang diamati terdiri dari energi metabolis dan kecernaan ransum ayam kampong dengan menggunakan metoda indikator Cr2O3. Hasil penelitian menggunakan metode indikator menunjukan bahwa tepung bungkil inti sawit tidak erpengaruh nyata pada energi metabolis, dan kecernaan ransum. Namun pada kecernaan lemak kasar, menunjukan bahwa penambahan tepung bungkil inti sawit sangat berpengaruh nyata (P<0,01).KATA KUNCI: ayam kampung, tepung bungkil inti sawit, energi metabolis THE INFLUENCE OF COMMERCIAL FEED SUBSTITUTION FOR CAKE FLOUR BY PALM KERNEL OF ENERGY RATION DIGESTIBILITY AND METABOLIS FREE-RANGE CHICKENABSTRACTPalm kernel for cake which is used as animal feed, potentially replacing big feed ingredients in commercial rations. This research was conducted to evaluate the energy metabolis rations contain palm kernel for cake on a free-range chicken. Draft research using randomized complete design with the use of as many as 16 free-range chickens randomly arranged into 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatment used is R0 = feeding a commercial without the addition of palm kernel for cake; R1 = feeding a commercial with the addition of 10% for cake palm kernel; R2 = feeding a commercial with the addition of 15% for cake palm kernel; R3 = feeding a commercial with the addition of 20% for cake palm kernel. The observed variables are composed of energy and digestibility of metabolis free-range chicken rations using indicators of Cr2O3. The results of research using the method of indicator showing that palm kernel for cake flour has no effect on the real energy ration digestibility and metabolis. However, on a rough fat digestibility showed that the addition of palm kernel for cake flour is very influential real (P < 0.01).
11
Santos Neta, Ernestina dos Ribeiro, Luis Rennan Sampaio Oliveira, Rafael Mezzomo, et al. "Chemical composition and rumen degradability of byproducts available in the Amazon region." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 6Supl3 (2019): 3605. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl3p3605.
Full textAbstract:
This study evaluated the chemical composition and ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) and crude protein (CP) in byproducts of African oil palm (palm cake, kernel or fiber), macaúba (pulp cake and kernel cake), acai (acai fruit), babassu (kernel cake) and pineapple (peel, crown and bagasse silage). Nineteen rumen-fistulated sheep were kept in individual stalls, receiving a daily diet composed of elephant grass silage and corn and soybean concentrate. After preparation in nylon bags, the byproduct samples were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 12, 16, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours, with three replicates of each ingredient per incubation time. The divergence between the protein nutritional value and energy nutritional value, based on discriminatory variables between groups, was estimated by cluster analysis. The effective degradability of DM, NDFap and CP for the different byproducts was, respectively, 35.9, 26.9 and 59.0% for palm cake; 48.3, 34.3 and 76.4% for palm kernel; 21.1, 6.6 and 50.3% for palm fiber; 34.3, 15.0 and 52.8% for macaúba pulp cake; 58.1; 63.0 and 51.6% for macaúba kernel cake; 49.7, 49.6 and 41.8% for babassu cake; 53.4, 40.5 and 79.8% for pineapple bagasse silage; and 21.3, 17.0 and 38.9% for acai fruit. Based on their NDFap and CP characteristics, the feeds were clustered in up to four different groups.
12
Sunaryo, Sunaryo, Legisnal Hakim, Ari Andriyas Puji, and Denur Denur. "PENERAPAN METODE RELIABILITY CENTERED MAINTENANCE ( RCM ) PADA MESIN CAKE BREAKER CONVEYOR DI PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT ( PKS )." Jurnal Teknik Industri Terintegrasi 4, no. 2 (2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/jutin.v4i2.3220.
Full textAbstract:
Oil palm plantations and their processing units are expected to grow rapidly, advances in science and technology are very fast along with sophisticated equipment created to simplify and speed up a production process in a palm oil factory, one of which is the Cake Breaker Conveyor (CBC) which functions to break/separate oil palm kernels. core of the shell in oil palm kernel processing. Problems that often occur in the process of separating pulp with palm kernel are in the transfer Cake Breaker Conveyor (CBC). This study tries to propose a machine maintenance system using the application of the RCM (Realibility Centered Maintenance) method on the CBC Cake Breaker Conveyor machine, where the RCM (Realibility Centered Maintenance) method is an identification technique with the intention of saving costs and maintenance to minimize the risk and impact of failure. in facilities and equipment utilities. From the test results the Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) value of the CBC engine clutch (Cake Breaker Conveyor) is 1,803 Hours. While the calculation results of the Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) value of the CBC engine clutch (Cake Breaker Conveyor) is 4:00 Hours Types of Preventive Maintenance and Time Based Maintenance For the optimal maintenance interval for the CBC (Cake Breaker Conveyor) engine clutch is 19 days.
 
 Keywords : Cake Breaker Conveyor, Realibility Centered Maintenance, Palm Oil Mill
13
Icahyaningrum, Eva, Kusmartono, Mashudi, and Poespitasari Hazanah Ndaru. "Optimizing Performance of Madura Cattle in Smallholder Farms in Bangkalan Madura." BIO Web of Conferences 88 (2024): 00044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248800044.
Full textAbstract:
Bangkalan Regency is located on Madura Island, which is one of the districts that has a population of 1,047,783 Madura cattle or around 21.7% and 5.99% of the national cattle population. Madura cattle are evenly distributed on Madura Island. Forages that are often used as feed are field grass and agricultural waste. In Vivo research uses concentrate to support the growth of beef cattle in Bangkalan Regency. The concentrate feed ingredients used consist of cassava waste, palm kernel cake, copra meal and tofu waste. The treatment given to Madura cattle consisted of four treatments.The feed treatments consisted of T1 (cassava waste 40% + copra meal 28% + palm kernel cake 30% + tofu waste 2%), T2 (cassava waste 42% + copra meal 36% + palm kernel cake 19% + tofu waste 3%), T3 (cassava waste 38% + copra meal 31% + palm kernel cake 27% + tofu waste 4%), and T4 (cassava waste 41% + copra meal 33% + palm kernel cake 21% + tofu waste 5%). Data on nutrient content and nutrients feed intake were analyzed using a randomized block design (RBD). The results show that local feed ingredients in Bangkalan Regency can influence nutrient content and nutrients feed intake.
14
Hartoyo, Bambang, Supadmo Supadmo, Wihandoyo Wihandoyo, and Ali Wibowo. "Pengaruh Bungkil Inti dan Lumpur Sawit yang Difermentasi dengan Aspergillus sp asal Akar Bambu terhadap Kandungan Lemak Ayam Broiler." Jurnal Agripet 15, no. 2 (2015): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v15i2.2850.
Full textAbstract:
(The effect of palm kernel cake and palm oil sludge fermented with aspergillus sp derived from bamboo root on broiler’s fat content)ABSTRACT. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of palm kernel cake and palm oil sludge fermented with Aspergillus sp derived from bamboo root on broiler’s fat content including liver fat, abdominal fat and meat fat. Study was conducted for 8 weeks in Experimental Farm, Animal Science Faculty Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto. Research utilized 196 male DOC strain Lohman, ration treatments, cage and other utilities. Seven allotted rations were R0 = control ration (without FPKC and FPOS), R1 = 7.5% FPKC, R2 = 15% FPKC, R3 = 22.5% FPKC, R4 = 7.5% FPOS, R5 = 15% FPOS, R6 = 22.5% FPOS. Each treatment unit used 7 (seven) DOCs with 4 (four) replicates. The obtained data were subject to analysis of variance followed by Orthogonal Contrasts. Result demonstrated that liver fat level was 1,79 – 3,86%, abdominal fat was 0,52 – 2,04%, and meat fat was 0,21 – 0,61%. Analysis of variance result showed that supplementing palm kernel cake and palm oil sludge fermented with Aspergillus sp derived from bamboo root highly significantly affected (P 0.01) abdominal fat level, significantly affected (P 0.05) liver fat level but did not significantly affected (P 0.05) broiler meat fat level.
15
Tsouko, Erminda, Maria Alexandri, Keysson Vieira Fernandes, Denise Maria Guimarães Freire, Athanasios Mallouchos, and Apostolis A. Koutinas. "Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Palm Oil Processing Residues and Their Application as Antioxidants." Food technology and biotechnology 57, no. 1 (2019): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.57.01.19.5784.
Full textAbstract:
The side streams derived from the palm oil production process, namely palm kernel cake, palm pressed fibre, palm kernel shells and empty fruit bunches, were evaluated as sources of phenolic compounds. Among these streams, kernel cake had the highest total phenolic content (in mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g of dry sample) with a value of 5.19, whereas the empty fruit bunches had the lowest value (1.79). The extraction time and liquid-to-solid ratio were investigated to optimize the phenolic extraction. Kernel cake exhibited the highest total phenolic content (5.35 mg/g) with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 40:1 during 20 min of extraction. The main phenolic compounds of the extracts deriving from all byproduct streams were also identified and quantified with HPLC-DAD. Pyrogallol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid and ferulic acid were the main compounds found in kernel cake extracts. Empty fruit bunch and pressed fibre extracts were also rich in 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, while pyrogallol was the predominant compound in kernel shell extracts. All extracts showed antioxidant activity as it was indicated from the results of DPPH analysis and subsequently tested in sunflower oil aiming to prolong its shelf life. The addition of 0.8 % kernel cake extract increased the induction time of sunflower oil more than 50 %. According to the results obtained in this study, kernel cake extracts could be considered as a value-added co-product with a potential application as antioxidants in the food industry.
16
Haspiadi, Haspiadi. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Padat Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) sebagai Sumber Karbon Aktif dengan Proses Kimia." Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri 10, no. 1 (2016): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26578/jrti.v10i1.1738.
Full textAbstract:
Solid waste of Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a by product of oil extraction from palm nut pose a serious environmental problem in some factories of Palm Kernel Oil (PKO. Thererfore the research about utilization of palm kernel cake solid waste (PKC) as a source of activated carbon was performed. From this research is to know quality of activated carbon using palm kernel cake as a row material to compare with the SNI 06-3730-1995. The process was carried out is chemical activation method with in laboratory scale using two types activator, which is phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide at six different concentration 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% respectively. Whereas, carbonization was held at temperature of 400oC during 120 minutes. The result indicated that the quality of activated carbon according to key parameters using the lowest concentration of activator fulfilling with SNI 06-3730-1995 was produced by H3PO4 6% with iodine adsorption capacity 769 mg/g. Meanwhile for activator KOH 10% according to key parameters using the lowest concentration of activator fulfilling with SNI 06-3730-1995 was produced by with condition of iodine adsorption capacity 778 mg/gABSTAKLimbah padat palm kernel cake (PKC) yang dihasilkan dari proses ekstraksi kernel merupakan permasalahan lingkungan yang serius dibeberapa industri yang mengolah Palm Kernel Oil (PKO). Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian untuk memanfaatkan limbah padat Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) sebagai sumber karbon aktif. Diharapkan dari penelitian ini dapat diketahui mutu karbon aktif yang dihasilkan dibandingkan dengan SNI 06 3730-1995. Proses pengolahan yang dilakukan secara kimia dalam skala laboratorium, menggunakan dua jenis aktivator yaitu H3PO4 dan KOH dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% dan 12%. Karbonisasi dilakukan pada suhu 400 oC selama 120 menit. Hasil uji mutu karbon aktif yang dihasilkan berdasarkan parameter kunci dengan pertimbangan penggunaan bahan kimia dengan konsentrasi aktivator terkecil menunjukkan bahwa pengggunaan aktivator 6% H3PO4 memiliki daya serap terhadap iod sebesar (I2) 769 mg/g, bila dibandingkan dengan SNI 06 3730-1995 telah dapat memenuhi syarat mutu. Sedangkan penggunaan aktivator KOH 10% dengan pertimbangan penggunaan bahan kimia dengan konsentrasi aktivator terkecil memiliki daya serap terhadap iod sebesar 778 mg/g. Kata kunci : asam fosfat, kalium hidroksida, karbon aktif, limbah padat, daya serap iod, palm kernel cake
17
Zakariyah, Akhmad, Heru Kusdianto, Andi Nikhlani, Mohamad Ma’ruf, and Retno Wulandari. "Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Bungkil Inti Sawit Yang Difermentasi Menggunakan EM4 Sebagai Pakan Terhadap Rasio Konversi Pakan dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Gurami (Opshronemus gouramy)." Jurnal Akuakultur Sungai dan Danau 10, no. 1 (2025): 81. https://doi.org/10.33087/akuakultur.v10i1.246.
Full textAbstract:
A by-product of the palm oil business, palm kernel meal can be utilised as an alternate feed ingredient for cultured fish because of its really decent nutritional value. This research aimed to analyze the nutritional value of artificial feed with different EM4 concentrations in palm kernel cake fermentation and to analyze its effects on absolute weight growth, daily growth rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications each was applied in this research. The treatments applied were unfermented palm kernel cake flour (P1), palm kernel cake fermented with 4 ml/kg concentration (P2), and palm kernel cake fermented with 8 ml/kg concentration (P3). The results of feed nutritional assesment showed that protein content of P1 (26.96%); P2 (38.51%); and P3 (38.71%); fat content in feed, P1 (6.62%); P2 (6.48%); and P3 (6.63%); Absolute weight growth P1 (0.78 g); P2 (1.18 g); and P3 (1.54 g); Daily growth rate, P1 (0.71%); P2 (1.10%); and P3 (1.31%); Total length growth, P1 (0.66 cm); P2 (0.74 cm); and P3 (0.99 cm); and Feed conversion ratio, P1 (3.28); P2 (2.34); and P3 (1.73). The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level showed that different EM4 concentration treatments in palm kernel meal fermentation had a significant effect on growth, feed conversion ratio, and SGR (Specific Growth Rate) in Gourami Fish (Osphronemus gouramy).
18
Yunilas, Lili Warly, Yetti Marli, and Irsan Riyanto. "The Activity Of Cellulose Enzyme From Indigenous Bacteria "Bacillus Sp YLB1" As Bioactivator." Jurnal Peternakan Integratif 7, no. 2 (2019): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jpi.v7i2.2143.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to test the activity of cellulase enzyme (CMCase) fromindigenous bacteria "Bacillus Sp YLB1" as bioactivator of palm oil based feed. Thetreatment consists of various combinations of substart, namely: P1 = 80% palm leaves +10% palm kernel cake + 10% sludge; P2 = 60% palm leaves + 20% palm kernel cake +20% sludge and P3 = 60% palm leaves + 30% palm kernel cake+ 30% sludge. The parameters observed were cellulase enzyme activity (CMCase) onvarious combinations of palm oil waste and fermentation time. The results showed thatcellulase enzyme (CMCase) production of Bacillus sp YLB1 bacteria during fermentationfluctuated ie 0.143 Units / ml; 0.372 Units / ml; 0.588 Units / ml; 1.013 Units / ml; 0.906Units / ml; 1,065 Units / ml and 1,198 Units / ml.The activity of cellulase enzyme(CMCase) on substrate P1 is lower than P2 and P3. As conclutions that cellulase enzymeactivity of Bacillus sp YLB1 influenced by the combination of substrate and fermentationtime. The P3 fermented with Bacillus sp YLB1 for 7 days gave a more optimal result thanthe other treatments
19
Jiang, Wenbo, Yan Zhang, Haijian Cheng, et al. "Fermented Palm Kernel Cake Improves the Rumen Microbiota and Metabolome of Beef Cattle." Animals 14, no. 21 (2024): 3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14213088.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, we utilised palm kernel cake as a substrate and fermented it with a composite of bacteria (Pediococcus pentosaceus CGMCC No. 27203 and Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC No. 27202) and enzymes. We conducted a trial with twenty-four cattle, randomly divided into two groups of twelve cattle each. The control group (CON) was fed the standard farm diet, whereas the treatment group (PKC) received a diet with 3% of soyabean replaced by fermented palm kernel cake. The trial lasted for six weeks. The results showed no significant differences in growth performance between the PKC and CON groups. The abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetes was significantly higher in the PKC group than in the CON group. At the genus level, the abundances of Anaeroplasma, norank_f__Bacteroidales_UCG-001, norank_f__Absconditabacteriales_SR1, norank_f__p-251-o5, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Prevotellaceae_UCG-004, and Treponema significantly increased in the PKC group. Lipid digestion and absorption pathways were significantly enriched in the PKC group. The results indicate that adding fermented palm kernel cake to the diet can increase the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Fibrobacteres in the rumen of beef cattle, enhancing the ability of the PKC group to degrade protein, carbohydrates, and fibrous materials in the feed, thereby improving the feed utilisation efficiency in beef cattle. Adding fermented palm kernel cake to the diet improved carbohydrate metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and nucleotide metabolism. Correlation analysis between the rumen microbiota and metabolic pathways showed that Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 were positively correlated with amino acid metabolism, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Succiniclasticum were positively correlated with metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and Prevotella and Ruminococcus were positively correlated with nucleotide metabolism. These findings elucidate the differences in rumen microbiota when fermented palm kernel cake is added to the diet, providing a theoretical basis for the application of fermented palm kernel cake in the diet of beef cattle.
20
Ayunda, Bella, Sitti Wajizah, and Asril Asril. "Judul Skripsi: Kecernaan Ransum pada Domba Ekor Tipis Jantan yang diberikan Bungkil Inti Sawit sebagai Substitusi Dedak Padi dengan Pakan Basal Rumput Odot Kering dan Limbah Serai Wangi Amoniasi (Cymbopogon nardus) Amoniasi." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 7, no. 3 (2022): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v7i3.20352.
Full textAbstract:
Abstrak. Hijauan merupakan pakan utama bagi ternak ruminansia, tetapi ketersediaan hijauan semakin berkurang. Limbah serai wangi merupakan limbah perkebunan yang mudah didapatkan serta efisiensi penggunaannya sebagai pakan ternak dapat ditingkatkan melalui proses amoniasi. Bungkil inti sawit dapat menyumbang protein dalam ransum ruminansia sehingga dijadikan pakan pengganti hijauan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan bujur sangkar latin dengan menggunakan empat perlakuan dan masing-masing empat periode ulangan di mana R0 (kontrol) yaitu pemberian pakan perlakuan bungkil inti sawit 0% + dedak padi 40% + odot kering 30% + limbah serai wangi amoniasi 30%), R1 (Pemberian pakan perlakuan bungkil inti sawit 10% + dedak padi 30% + odot kering 30% + limbah serai wangi amoniasi 30%), R2 (Pemberian pakan perlakuan bungkil inti sawit 20% + dedak padi 20% + odot kering 30% + limbah serai wangi amoniasi 30%), R3 (pemberian pakan perlakuan bungkil inti sawit 30% + dedak padi 10% + odot kering 30% + limbah serai wangi amoniasi 30%). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bungkil inti sawit sebagai substitusi dedak padi dengan pakan basal rumput odot kering dan limbah serai wangi amoniasi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan, kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK) dan kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO). (Ration Digestibility of Thin-tailed Rams Feeding Palm Kernel Cake as a Substitute for Rice Bran with Dried Dwarf Elephant Grass and Ammoniated Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) Waste as Basal Feed) Abstract. Forage is the main feed for ruminants, but the availability of forage is decreasing. Citronella waste is plantation waste that is easily obtained and the efficiency of its use as animal feed can be increased through the ammonia process. Palm kernel cake can contribute protein in ruminant rations so that it can be used as a substitute for forage feed. The design used was a Latin square design using four treatments and four replicate periods in which R0 (control) was feeding with 0% palm kernel cake treatment + 40% rice bran + 30% dry pulp + 30 % ammoniated citronella waste. %), R1 (Feeding 10% palm kernel cake + 30% rice bran + 30% dry mussel + 30% citronella waste ammonia), R2 (Feeding 20% palm kernel cake treatment + 20% rice bran + dry mussel 30% + 30% ammoniated citronella waste), R3 (feeding 30% palm kernel cake treatment + 10% rice bran + 30% dried citronella waste + 30% ammoniated citronella waste). The test results showed that the provision of palm kernel cake as a substitute for rice bran with dry grass grass basalt and ammoniated citronella waste had no significant effect (P0.05) on feed consumption, dry matter digestibility (KcBK) and organic matter digestibility (KcBO).
21
Fhonna, F. A., A. Jayanegara, S. Wajizah, A. A. Samsudin, and S. Samadi. "The role of feeding palm kernel cake on nutrient digestibility in small ruminants: A meta-analysis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1476, no. 1 (2025): 012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1476/1/012002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The present meta-analysis aimed to assess the role of palm kernel cake feeding on the nutrient digestibility of small ruminants by applying a meta-analysis approach. The database was formed based on 14 relevant studies comprising 54 experiments. The data were analyzed using mixed modeling with palm kernel cake level as a fixed effect and different experiments categorized as a random effect. The result revealed that the palm kernel cake in small ruminant feed insignificantly affects the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and total digestible nutrients (P>0.05), except crude fat digestibility (P=0.024), which was decreased quadratically. It can be stated that the good digestibility of PKC makes it a viable and sustainable option as a cost-effective local feed for small ruminants.
22
Adesida, S. A., J. A. Agunbiade, and O. O. Eniolorunda. "Effect of palm kernel cake and deoiled palm kernel cake on the performance of cockerels." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 37, no. 1 (2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v37i1.629.
Full textAbstract:
Forty (40), thirteen weeks old cockerels were allocated to five dietary treatments after balancing for weight. The eight birds on each dietary treatment were replicated four times, such that two birds served as a replicate. In diet 1 (control) contain 0% Palm Kernel Cake (KPC) and Deoiled Palm Kernel Cake (DOC). Diet 2 and 3 continued 40% KPC, Diet 2 was presented in mash form while Diet 3 was presented in pellet. Diets 4 and 5 contained 40% DOC, Diet 4 was presented as mash while diet % was presented as pellet. Dietary treatments had no effect (P>0.05) on daily weight gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Significant dietary effects (P>0.05) were however noted for daily feed intake (FI) and weight of spleen. In ecocomic terms Diet one was the most expensive (#30.03/kg) while Diet 4 was the cheapest (#15.85/kg). Birds on Dietary Treatment 1 elicited the highest cost/kg weight 314.13/kk weight gain while it cost #160.50 to gain 1kg of weight by birds on Diet 4. The results obtained in this study indicated that both PKC and DOC can be used to some appreciable extent in the feed of cockerels. The use of PKC and DOC considerably feed costs of cockerels.
23
Ochonogor, Ashibudike Destiny, Omon Okereke Harold, Evans Efosa Edokpayi, Onujoghene Ephraim Atonuje, Nelson Iguemedere EngrOfomaja, and Gospel Akaroro Usiwoma Engr. "Design, Development and Performance Evaluation of an Improved Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) Expeller." Design, Development and Performance Evaluation of an Improved Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) Expeller 8, no. 11 (2023): 24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10361990.
Full textAbstract:
A palm kernel oil expeller was designed and developed for efficient and effective separation of palm kernel oil and kernel cake respectively. It was designed and developed to remove drudgery and increase oil recovery efficiency and in turn increase the quality of the palm kernel cake which is used as feed for animals. For optimal operation and performance of the machine, material selection was an integral part of the design process, a careful selection of materials was given priority attention. The machine's components, including the hopper, expelling chamber, shaft, and adjustable choke mechanism, underwent design and development processes involving techniques like cutting, welding, drilling, bending, and boring. Powered by a 20hp electric motor, the machine boasts a nominal input capacity of around 380kg/hr.The regulation of clearance between the barrel and the adjustable cone (choke mechanism) plays a crucial role in controlling the thickness and dryness of the pressed cake. Leveraging this choke mechanism allows for an extraction efficiency of approximately 95%. Notably, the machine's design facilitates the processing of cold palm kernel seeds without the need for pre-treatment.The breaking and cooking operations are seamlessly executed by the screw shaft within the barrel of the unit, showcasing the machine's efficiency in handling palm kernel seeds throughout the processing stages.The machine is simple and can easily be operated and maintained by rural farmers.
24
Putra, Andrianopsyah Mas Jaya, Nelma Fadila, Zahra Shafa Mujahidah, et al. "Nanodots from Palm Kernel Cake." E3S Web of Conferences 503 (2024): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450302001.
Full textAbstract:
Palm kernel cake (PKC) is the remaining of a palm (Elaeis guineensis) kernel after its oil is separated. Oversupply of this biomass could become an environmental problem. Meanwhile, its moist property makes it suitable for a hydrothermal carbonization to afford added values for the biomass and overcome its potential environmental problem. From the hydrothermal processes of PKC with aquadest and nanobubbled water at 200 ºC for 6 hours, nanodots with the size around 50 nm were obtained. The nanodots may be decorated with amides on their surface. Upon illumination by an ultra-violet A wave (350 nm), the nanodots emitted lights with a maximum around blue region (450 nm). No significant differences were found between the nanodots from the hydrothermal carbonizations of PKC with aquadest and the ones from the hydrothermal carbonizations of the biomass with nanobubbled water. The fluorescence property of nanodots from PKC opens up the possibility for these carbon materials to be applied in agriculture. To the best of our knowledge, this kind of research has never been reported before.
25
Pasaribu, T., E. B. Laconi, and I. P. Kompiang. "Evaluation of the nutrient contents of palm kernel cake fermented by microbial cocktails as a potential feedstuff for poultry." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 44, no. 3 (2019): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.44.3.295-302.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of this research were to improve the nutritive value of palm kernel cake by fermentation technology using Bacillus amyloliquefacien, Trichoderma harzianum and cocktail microbes (combination of Bacillus amyloliquefacien and Trichoderma harzianum). Data were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design Factorial, with experiments consisting of types of microbes (B. amyloliquefaciens, T. harzianum, microbial cocktail) as treatment and incubation time (0, 3, 5, and 7 days). Parameters were crude protein and crude fiber for all treatments, and the lowest fiber analysis would continue with NDF, ADF, crude fat, and amino acids. Result showed that the three of microbes grew on palm kernel meal in third incubation and grew on and in the substrate at 7 days. microbial cocktails increased protein and reduced crude fiber better than B. amyloliquefacien and T. harzianum on palm kernel cake fermentation technology. Cocktail microbes enhanced amino acids such as methionine, arginine, and glutamic acid, also neutral detergent fiber but reduced ADF and hemicellulose. It was concluded that the palm kernel cake fermented with microbial cocktails can reduced crude fiber and increase crude protein with an incubation period of 7 days.
26
Azzahra, Yulia Riska, Toto Toharmat, and Iwan Prihantoro. "Evaluasi Ciri Fisik Media Terfermentasi Jamur Pleurotus ostreotus sebagai Pakan Ternak Alternatif bagi Ruminansia." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 27, no. 3 (2022): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.27.3.351.
Full textAbstract:
By-products such as oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm kernel cake, and sawdust can be used as alternative feed. It contains nutrients needed by ruminants but is constrained by its high crude fiber content, including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, and is low in protein. This study was conducted to evaluate the physical characteristics of the fermented media from plantation by-products using Pleurotus ostreotus as an alternative to ruminant animal feed. The experimental design was a completely randomized (CRD) with 3'3 factorial patterns with three replications. Factor A was the type of substrate, namely palm kernel cake, EFB, and acacia sawdust. Factor B was the length of fermentation, namely 0, 30, and 60 d. The data collected were analyzed by variance (ANOVA), and the results were significantly different. The observed variables were the mycelium growth rate, media weight, dry matter, organic matter, particle size, specific gravity, pile density, and compacted pile density. We conclude that the fermented sawdust gave the best growth speed of the P. ostreotus mycelia. The palm kernel cake substrate without storage showed good physical quality concerning particle size, pile density, and pile-compaction density. P. ostreotus fungus grew effectively and did not negatively impact the substrates' biomass, dry matter, and organic matter. Different substrate types give different physical characteristics to the P. ostreotus-fermented media.
 
 Keywords: acacia, empty fruit bunches, palm kernel cake, fermented media, Pleurotus ostreotus
27
Ihsan, Fikratul, Hanifah Ulfa Azzahro, Anna Anggraini, and Alhaviz Alhaviz. "EKSTRAKSI POLISAKARIDA MANAN DARI BUNGKIL INTI SAWIT." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN 13, no. 2 (2024): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/jtp.v13i2.3603.
Full textAbstract:
Palm kernel cake (PKE) is a residue product of palm kernel oil whose production has increased every year. Dietary fiber in there is mannan polysaccharides in palm kernel cake. Mannan polysaccharides consist of linear mannan, glucomannan, galactomannan and glucogalactomannan have the ability to bind water, so they can be used as thickeners by the food industry. This study aims to obtain the yield of mannan polysaccharides extracted using water solvent and NaOH solvents. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor such as temperature (60oC, 100oC and 121oC) for water solvents and NaOH concentration (6%, 12% and 18%) for NaOH solvents. The results showed that temperature treatment had a significant effect on the yield produced and NaOH concentration treatment had a significant effect on the yield produced. The temperature treatment of 121oC produced the highest yield of 0.056 g/25 g BIS and the concentration treatment of 18% NaOH produced the highest yield of 0.281 g/25 mg BIS. The FTIR spectrum shows that the extraction results have increased the number of vibrations at a wavelength of 800-900 cm-1 which is the C-H vibration region (β-pyranose bond) as a characteristic band of mannan polysaccharides. Keywords: Palm kernel cake, NaOH, mannan polyssaccharides, temperature
28
Buenabad-Carrasco, Lorenzo, Juan Sicairos-Díaz, Paulina Vázquez-Mendoza, Brooke Latack, Raymundo Rodríguez De Lara, and Juan González Maldonado. "Lamb weight gain and reproductive performance of post-partum ewes supplemented with palm kernel cake and sexual stimulated by a ram." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 46 (October 18, 2023): e59188. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v46i1.59188.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of palm kernel cake and ram effect on reproductive activity of postpartum and lactating ewes. Twenty multiparous ewes, five to eleven days postpartum, were separated into four different treatments: control, control-ram, palm and palm-ram. Body weight, difference in body weight recorded between days 0 and 42 of the experiment, diameter of the largest follicle at day zero of the study, number of ewes bearing a corpus luteum and pregnancy rate were measured in ewes. Average daily weight gain was measured in lambs. There was no effect (p ≥ 0.05) of palm kernel supplementation, ram stimulation, or their interactions on the weights of ewes and lambs. A greater number of ewes with corpus luteum (p < 0.05) were observed in ewes stimulated by rams than those not stimulated. The number of pregnant ewes was not affected by ram effect or palm kernel supplementation (p ≥ 0.05). In conclusion, the use of the ram effect increases the incidence of corpus luteum in postpartum and lactating ewes. In addition, palm kernel cake in the diet does not affect body weight of postpartum ewes and lambs.
29
Oliveira, Kelly Cavalcanti Conor de, Cristian Faturi, Alexandre Rossetto Garcia, et al. "The Characterization of Pastures by Grazing Cycle and Evaluation of Supplementation with Agro-Industry Co-Products on the Performance of Buffaloes in the Humid Tropics." Animals 14, no. 6 (2024): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14060879.
Full textAbstract:
The objective was to characterize the pastures by grazing cycle, as well as to evaluate the performance of buffaloes in intensive rotational grazing in a silvopastoral system in the eastern Amazon supplemented with agro-industry co-products in order to characterize the grazing cycles, the composition of the fractions, and the carcass yield. Fifteen non-castrated, crossbred water buffaloes (Murrah × Mediterranean) were used. All animals used in the study were clinically healthy and weighed approximately 458 kg. The animals were grazed in a single group, and supplementation (1% of live weight—LW/day) was divided into three treatments: control (control—conventional ingredients); Cocos nucifera coconut cake (Cocos nucifera) (coconut cake—70%); and palm kernel cake (Guinean elaeis) (palm kernel cake—70% palm kernel cake). The chemical composition of the forage is different in each part of the plant, with higher protein values in the leaves (11.40%) and higher acid detergent fiber (ADF) values in the stems (50.03%). Among the ingredients of the supplement, corn has the highest percentage of indigestible protein (35.57%), most of the protein in palm kernel cake is B3 (49.11%), and in Coco, B2 (51.52%). Mombasa grass has a higher percentage of B3 and B2 proteins; the indigestible fraction is lower in the leaves (17.16%). The leaf/stem ratio also varied between grazing cycles, being better in the second cycle (2.11%) and with an overall average of 1.71. Supplement consumption varied between cycles and was higher in the control treatment, with an overall mean of 4.74. There was no difference in daily weight gain and carcass yield, with an average of 1 kg/day and 49.23%, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that including supplements based on by-products from the coconut and palm oil agro-industries promotes performance and carcass yields compatible with conventional supplements. Their use reduces production costs, optimizes the utilization of forage mass, enhances the sustainability of the production chain, and, therefore, is recommended.
30
JIMOH, A. A., E. B. IBITOYE, O. C. TEMIDAYO, et al. "COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF THREE PLANT PROTEIN CAKES ON PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, HAEMATOLOGY, SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY AND PRODUCTION ECONOMICS OF WEANER RABBITS." FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology 9, no. 3 (2023): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2023.0903.03.
Full textAbstract:
This research was conducted to compare the effects of feeding three plant protein cakes, groundnut cake (GNC), cottonseed cake (CSC), and palm kernel cake (PKC) on performance, nutrient digestibility, haematology, serum biochemistry, and production economics of weaner rabbits. Twenty-four six weeks old, mixed-breed rabbits of both sexes were allotted into three groups randomly containing eight rabbits each. The treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3) were fed for five weeks on three different diets containing GNC, CSC, and PKC as protein sources respectively. Data generated were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. It was revealed that majority of the performance parameters were not affected (p>0.05) except final body weight which differed significantly (p<0.05) across the treatment groups. The ash contents of the diets also varied significantly (p<0.05) amid other parameters of nutrient digestibility. The diets had no adverse effects on hematological and biochemical parameters, but total bilirubin, creatinine, and sodium were affected (p<0.05). This study also revealed that CSC compared favorably with GNC in terms of growth performance and economics of rabbit production, while PKC had poor economic values for production. It was therefore suggested that the three cakes are non-toxic to the muscle, kidneys, and liver of rabbits at 17.43% inclusion level. This indicates that groundnut cake, cottonseed cake and palm kernel cake can be used as sources of protein in the diet of weaner rabbits without affecting the blood and serum biochemical parameters of weaner rabbits because the enzyme levels continued within the reference range of healthy rabbits.
31
Krishnaiah, Duduku, Awang Bono, Rosalam Sarbatly, and Siti Fadhilah. "Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Palm Kernel Oil from Palm Kernel Cake." American Journal of Food Technology 7, no. 3 (2012): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajft.2012.168.172.
Full text
32
Almeida da Silva, Bruna, Vinícius Costa Gomes de Castro, Cleidiane da Silva Araújo, et al. "Optimization of the process of preparation of liver pâtés and omental fat of lambs fed with lipid cakes." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (2024): e0304532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304532.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this work was to optimize the process of elaborating liver pâtés and omental lamb fat and to evaluate the quality of the products. Livers and fats were obtained from lambs fed with diets composed of corn and soybean meal that were partially replaced by cupuaçu, tucumã and palm kernel cake. To prepare the pâtés, livers were baked for 20 minutes at 100°C, weighed, seasoned, crushed, packaged and pasteurized. The best formulation of the pâté was with 40% liver, 10% fat, 35% water, and pasteurized for 20 minutes at 65°C. The pâté from the livers of lambs fed with palm kernel cake obtained a higher caloric value of 193.05 kcal/100 g and all pâtés met the recommended microbiological quality. There was a significant effect (p< 0.05) of the diets on the aroma and texture of the liver pâtés of lambs fed corn and soybean meal and palm kernel cake, and these were 6.38 and 3.37, respectively. Thus, the pâtés can be considered an alternative to increase the options for consumption of liver from lambs, and also for adding commercial value to lamb viscera.
33
Mohamad Termizi, Ali Zainal-Abidin, Abdul Syukor Abd Razak, Muhammad Amirul Syafiq Nasarudin, et al. "The Assessment of Mixing Solid Waste from Palm Kernel Cake and Indigofera Zollingeriana as Chicken Feed towards the Free-Range Chicken Growth Rate." CONSTRUCTION 4, no. 2 (2024): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/construction.v4i2.10682.
Full textAbstract:
This study is to determine the characteristics of the palm kernel cake (PKC) and Indigofera zollingeriana and its suitability as the ingredients for animal feed. This study focuses on the chicken feed formulation optimization with mixture of the solid waste and the Indigofera zollingeriana. This study also investigates the effect of the formulated chicken feed towards the growth of the chicken within the experimental duration. The formulated chicken feed with palm kernel cake and Indigofera zollingeriana have the nutrients needed for the chicken to grow healthily and this shows that the agro-industrial waste can substitute the corn as the main ingredient in chicken feed.
34
Ilhamsyah, Raja Bangsawan, Adi Ruswanto, and Reni Astuti Widyowati. "Pembuatan Ransum Ayam Kampung Unggulan Balitnak (KUB) dari Bungkil Inti Sawit." BIOFOODTECH : Journal of Bioenergy and Food Technology 2, no. 01 (2023): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55180/biofoodtech.v2i01.370.
Full textAbstract:
Ration is a combination of several specific formulations to meet the needs of livestock. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the percentage use of EM 4 in the palm kernel meal fermentation process and the ratio of fermented palm kernel cake to commercial rations on the chemical properties (crude fat, crude fiber and crude protein) of the rations produced and the performance of chickens (ration consumption, weight gain body weight, and conversion of rations) as well as knowing the best treatment. The chicken sample used was Balitnak's superior native chicken (KUB) aged 1 month, with 30 days of observation. This research was conducted using a complete block design (RBL) with 2 factors. The first factor was the percentage of EM 4 probiotics for fermenting the palm kernel meal (for 24 hours) at levels of 1%, 2%, and 3% based on the weight of the palm kernel meal and the commercial ration used. The second factor is the ratio of fermented palm kernel cake to commercial rations with 3 levels of 20%: 80%, 30%: 70%, and 50%: 50%. The results showed that the percentage of EM4 used in the BIS fermentation process had no effect on the chemical properties of the ration and the performance of the chickens. Meanwhile, the ratio of fermented palm kernel meal to commercial rations had a very significant effect on the chemical properties of the rations but had no effect on the performance of the chickens. Treatment A1B1 (using EM4 1%, ratio of fermented palm kernel meal to commercial ration 20% : 80%) was the best sample with crude fat value of 19.55%, crude fiber 21.49%, crude protein 18.55%, ration consumption 1.97 gram, body weight gain 12.22 gram/day, and ration conversion 1.9990%.
35
Wulan, Rahayu, Rika Indri Astuti, Yaya Rukayadi, Sri Estuningsih, and Anja Meryandini. "Seleksi, Karakterisasi Morfologi, dan Identifikasi Aktinobakteri Penghasil Mananase Asal Hutan Tanah Jambi untuk Produksi Mananoligosakarida." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 27, no. 2 (2022): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.27.2.279.
Full textAbstract:

 As the world's largest producer of crude palm oil, Indonesia also produces high palm kernel cake (PKC) by-products. PKC has a high mannan content, so it can be used to produce prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS). Enzymatic MOS production can be carried out using actinobacterial mannanase's microbiological approach. The HJ45B-1 isolate was the best isolate, with a peak enzyme production of 0,338 U/mL on the 10th day of incubation. The mannanase enzyme was stable in storage at 27°C. MOS production using 1% PKC substrate produced MOS with the best degree of polymerization (2-4) with incubation for 1-3 hours. Morphological characteristics and molecular identification based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the HJ45B-1 isolate was Streptomyces spp.
 
 Keywords: actinobacteria, mannanase, mannan-oligosaccharides, palm kernel cake, Streptomyces
36
Hossain, Md. Bellal. "Applications of Palm Oil and Palm Kernel Oils in different Food Products of Bangladesh ." DIU Journal of Science & Technology 8, no. 2 (2024): 33–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13761569.
Full textAbstract:
Among the commonly used vegetable oils and fats, palm oil is by far the most versatile. After refining, palm oil possesses all the characteristics required for many uses without hydrogenation. By fractionating palm oil, its uses are further increased. Hydrogenation and interesterification increase its uses even further, especially in making specialized and sophisticated edible products. Its versatility makes it a suitable raw material for many applications both in edible and non-edible products. The functionality of shortenings to be used in cakes, "butter cream" fillings, biscuits and pastry is dependent on several factors, such as a smooth consistency to facilitate mixing and a fine crystal structure in the solid fat phase. This contributes to smoothness, and is essential in cake making and creaming applications.
37
Saw, H. Y., J. Janaun, and D. Subbarao. "Hydration properties of palm kernel cake." Journal of Food Engineering 89, no. 2 (2008): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.04.027.
Full text
38
Arief, N. Jamarun, B. Satria, and R. Pazla. "Milk lactose, specific gravity and mineral of etawa dairy goat fed with palm kernel cake based concentrate, tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia), sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L) and gamal (Gliricidia sepium)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 888, no. 1 (2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study aims to evaluate the milk lactose, specific gravity, and mineral of Etawa Crossbreed Dairy Goat (ECDG) fed with palm kernel cake-based concentrate (PKCC), tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia), sweet potato leaves, (Ipomoea batatas L.), and Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) as a source of roughage. The design of the experiment used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatment rations and four replications. Treatment formulations are as follow A). 100% basal ration (BR); B). 50% BR + 50% Concentrate Based Palm Kernel Cake (CPKC) + tithonia; C). 50% BR+ % CPKCC + sweet potato leaves; D).50% BR + 50% CPKC + Gamal (Gliricidia sepium). The ratio of concentrate and roughage is 50:50. The concentrate ratio consists of 30% palm kernel cake, 40% tofu waste, 20% rice bran, 9 % corn, and 1% mineral. The parameters were milk lactose, specific gravity, and mineral of milk. Data were analysed by Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) and DMRT (Duncans Multiple Range Test) according to Steel and Torrie (2002). The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on lactose, specific gravity, and mineral of milk. From this study, it can be concluded that the use of PKC, titonia, sweet potato, and gamal can replace basal ration without affecting the quality of milk (lactose, specific grafity and mineral)
39
Silva, Alex Lopes da, Marcos Inácio Marcondes, Cristina Mattos Veloso, Fernanda Campos de Sousa, and Leonardo Sidney Knupp. "Simulation of rumen fermentation kinetics of by-products from the biodiesel industry with in vitro gas production technique." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 36, no. 6 (2015): 3851. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6p3851.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to investigate the rumen fermentation kinetics of 18 by-products from the biodiesel industry exhibiting potential for use in the feeding of ruminants via the in vitro gas production technique. The following feeds were investigated: cottonseed, canudo de pito, crambe, sunflower, castor seed (detoxified with lime) and soybean meals and cottonseed, peanut, babassu, crambe, palm kernel, sunflower, licuri nut, macaúba, forage radish and jatropha cakes. The evaluated parameters were total gas production (VfT), gas production from fibrous carbohydrates (VfFC), gas production from non-fibrous carbohydrates (VfNFC), the degradation rate of fibrous carbohydrates (kdFC), the degradation rate of non-fibrous carbohydrates (kdNFC) and lag time (lag). The feeds were grouped into six different groups according to rumen fermentation kinetic parameters and adopting an R2 of 0.8. Forage radish cake and the meals of cottonseed, soybean, crambe and sunflower composed the first group, while the cakes of babassu and sunflower formed the second group. Canudo de pito and castor seed meals and the cakes of cottonseed, licuri and jatropha I and II formed the third group. The fourth group was composed by the cakes of crambe, palm kernel and peanut I. The fifth group was formed by peanut cake II, while macauba fruit cake formed the sixth group. The VfNFC and VfFC varied from 16.72 to 200.07 mL and from 53.09 to 242.12 mL, respectively. The mean kdFC and kdNFC values varied from 0.002 to 0.039% h-1and from 0.022 to 0.430% h-1, respectively. The mean lag and VfT varied from 0.0001 to 5.2029 hours and 136.94 to 301.44 mL, respectively. A number of the products exhibited the potential to replace soybean meal, especially the forage radish cake and cottonseed, crambe and sunflower meals.
40
AGUNBIADE, J. A., A. O. ADEYEMI, O. E. FASINA, and S. A. BAGBE. "FORTIFICATION OF CASSAVA PEEL MEALS IN BALANCED DIETS FOR RABBITS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 28, no. 2 (2021): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v28i2.1901.
Full textAbstract:
An eight-week feeding trial was conducted with twenty-four individually caged growing rabbits weighing initially 300--380g. Six experimental diets were formulated such that diet 1 was a maize-soyabean based control while in diets 2,3,4, 5 and 6, cassava peel meal totally replaced maize. There was also a stepwise reduction in the quantity of soyabean meal utilised in diets 3, 4 and S while the quantity of palm kernel cake was increased. Diet 6 was an extruded version of diet 4. The diets were fortified with palm oil for energy and soyabean and palm kernel cake for protein. Each diet was fed to four replicates of rabbits consisting of one rabbit per replicate and water was supplied ad ibitum. Feed intake, weight-gain and feed cost/unit weight-gain were significantly affected by dietary treatments (P<0.05) while treatments had no effect on water intake and Feed: Gain ratio (P>0.05). The feed cost was reduced to N13.8/kg in diet 5 compared with N17.8 in the control diet. 'The extrusion process was not efficient in all indices of measurement as rabbits on the diet showed poor performance. A major finding of the study is that up to 50% of the protein supplied by soyabean meal when fed in conjunction with cassava peel meal can be replaced with palm kernel cake without adverse effects. It is recommended that future studies look into alternatives to palm oil as energy booster in diets containing cassava peel meal so as to further improve the economy of feed utilization.
41
Sukaryana, Yana, Zairiful, Yadi Priabudiman, and Imelda Panjaitan. "Implementation of Wafers Feed on Based Palm Kernel Cake for Adult Ongole Crossbreed Cattle." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 3 (April 30, 2020): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v3.464.
Full textAbstract:
Wafer is one of the complete feed form processed feed which is formed in such a way with special tools, made from concentrate and forage. The purpose of this research was to implementation of wafer feed on based palm kernel cake for adult ongole crossbreed cattle. The cattle used was ongole crossbreed cattle, cow males used as much as 12 tails with approximately 2 years of age and average body weight 200 ± 25 kg. Wafer feed of based palm kernel cake treatment in 4 formulas, namely: Formula 1, Formula 2, Formula 3, and Formula 4. Feed was given ad libitum controlled and drinking water was given ad libitum. The observation variables were done against: feed consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion. The results showed that: Wafer feed of based palm kernel cake treatment has no significant (P > 0.05) influence against feed consumption in adult ongole crossbreed cattle, daily weight increase in mature ongole crossbreed cattle with wafer feed; Formula 1 of 0.63 kg/tail/day, Formula 2 is 0.60 kg/tail/day, Formula 3 is 0.73 kg/tail/day, and Formula 4 is 0.80 kg/tail/day, the best feed conversion in the range of feed Formula 4 ie (4.13), feed Formula 3 ie (4.53), feed Formula 1 ie (5.13), and feed Formula 2 ie (5.43).
42
Nata, Iryanti Fatyasari, Norlina Norlina, and Mira Pangesti. "BIOKONVERSI SERAT KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI GLUKOSA DENGAN DILUTED-ACID HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 5, no. 1 (2016): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v5i1.5264.
Full textAbstract:
Fiber cake (FC) is a one of effluent of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry. This effluent can be decreased by using FC for bioethanol production. FC is actually Palm Kernel Press Cake (PKC) a residue of palm oil extraction, which containing 57.9% cellulose and 18% klason lignin, and containing 14.94% hemicellulose. This study aimed to determined the effect of fiber concentrations and reaction time for glucose production to investigate the structure of morphology and crystalinity of the fiber cake before and after hydrothermal treatment. Fiber cake was treated by hydrothermal reactor using catalysts 2% H2SO4 (v/v) and 150 oC for 2 hour. Variations concentration of fiber cake which is 2.5%; 5%; 7.5%; and 10% w/v and time variations for 1, 2, 3, 4 hours. The highest glucose concentration was found at 2.5% FC for 3 hour about 2.336 0.015 mg/mL. Scanning electron microscope (SEM analysis results and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) is known the smooth surface structure to be broken an rough after the hydrolysis process and also improvement of the crystal structure of fiber cake from 27.57% to 31.15%.
43
Wai-Lin, Siew. "Determination of Shell Content in Palm Kernel Cake." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, no. 1 (1996): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.1.80.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A method for determining shell in palm kernel cake (PKC) is described. This simple and rapid method requires little pretreatment compared with the method currently used in PKC trade, in which the sample undergoes defatting, acid and alkali digestion, and washing, before a chloroform-alcohol solution is used to separate the shells. In the proposed method, only defatting the sample is required. The shells are separated by the density difference between the shell and PKC in a potassium iodide solution. Recoveries of at least 93% were obtained, and the correlation coefficient between the actual shell content and the determined shell content was 0.999, with gradients of 0.97 and 0.98 for fine and coarse shell, respectively.
44
Andoh, Prince Yaw Andoh, Kofi Owura Amoabeng, Charles Kofi Kafui Sekyere, and D. E. K. Dzebre. "Performance Analysis of a Mechanical System To Break and Separate Palm Nut-Fibre Cake." Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS) 4, no. 1 (2022): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37385/jaets.v4i1.509.
Full textAbstract:
This research seeks to test the performance of a palm nut-fibre cake breaker and separator machine to alleviate the problem of hand separation by local oil producers. It takes into consideration the standard cylindrical shape of a palm nut-fibre cake. The machine operated on an electric motor of 2.2 kW at 1420 rpm. The average throughput capacity of the machine was 107.72 kg/hr with the capacity weight of 120 kg. Test results indicated a separation efficiency of 92%. Also, cost estimation indicated that the annual savings in using the machine with less labour than manual labour entirely was $466. The study outcome is relevant to small-scale producers on the need to utilize a cost-effective machine to facilitate a high separation yield of nuts and fibres from the cake obtained from processing palm oil and improve the production output of palm kernel oil processed from the nuts.
45
Noferdiman, Noferdiman. "Penggunaan Bungkil Inti Sawit Fermentasi oleh Jamur Pleurotus ostreatus dalam Ransum terhadap Performans Ayam Broiler." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 14, no. 1 (2011): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jiiip.v0i0.586.
Full textAbstract:
The experiment was aimed to determine the effect of Palm Kernel Cake fermentation by Pleurotus ostreatus (BISF) in ration on the performance of broiler chicken. The experiment was assigned into Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were level of BISF into the ration (P0 : 0%, P1 : 10 %, P2 : 20 %, and P3 : 30 %). The observed variables were the feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ration, carcass percentage, and the percentage of abdominal fat. The result of this study showed that added BISF were significantly (P<0.01) feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ration, carcass percentage, and the percentage of abdominal fat. The experiment showed the that fermentation of Palm Kernel Cake (BISF) could be fed to the broiler chicken up to 20 %.
46
Pasaribu, Tiurma. "Efforts to Improve the Quality of Palm Kernel Cake through Fermentation Technology and Enzyme Addition for Poultry." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 28, no. 3 (2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v28i3.1820.
Full textAbstract:
Palm kernel cake (PKC) with the protein content 14-21% and crude fiber about 17.63% is a by product of palm kernel oil. Utilization of PKC as source of protein for poultry feed is still limited. While demand of feed is getting increased. Therefore, the technology to improve PKC quality is needed to optimalize using PKC. This paper inform any efforts to improve the quality of PKC through fermentation technology and addition of enzymes and their utilization as poultry feed ingredient. Fermentation process of PKC can be done using single bacteria, mold or combination of them. By fermentation technology, the protein of PKC increased up to 88% (from 13-15% to 16-28%) and crude fiber decreased by 28% (from 17 to 12.21%). Palm kernel cake after fermentation can substitute soybean meal up to 18%, can be used up to 21% in broiler ration, and up to 25% in layer ration. Enzyme addition could increase metabolisable energy. Fermented PKC and enzyme addition can improve feed efficiency and feed conversion, and reduce abdominal fat in the broiler. Fermentation technology and addition of enzyme to PKC could improve the nutritional quality of PKC.
47
Razuan, R., K. N. Finney, Q. Chen, V. N. Sharifi, and J. Swithenbank. "Pelletised fuel production from palm kernel cake." Fuel Processing Technology 92, no. 3 (2011): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.11.018.
Full text
48
Okwudili, Okosisi J., Leo C. Osuji, Idongesit Ekpo, and Peter U. Upua. "Removal of Heavy Metals from Spent Automobile Engine Oil Using Oil Palm Biomass." Journal of Applied Chemical Science International 16, no. 1 (2025): 41–51. https://doi.org/10.56557/jacsi/2025/v16i19157.
Full textAbstract:
This research study examines the efficiency of Oil Palm Biomass in the removal of metal contaminants from spent automotive oils. A sedan with Four-cylinder engine specification was loaded with fresh automobile lubricating oil and allowed to operate for three months. The used automotive oil was drained from the car and sampled for this study. The fresh and the used oils were assessed quantitatively for the Zn and Fe alongside some performance parameters of lubricating oil such as metal content, density, Total Acid Number (TAN) and Total Base Number (TBN). Four different samples of Oil Palm Biomass (Oil Palm Trunk, Mesocarp Fibers, Palm Kernel Shell and Palm Kernel Cake) were collected from a local Palm Kernel Processing Facility. The efficiency of the biomass was assessed by testing for metals and performance parameters of the automotive oil, and the results compared with those of the spent and fresh automotive oils. The results suggest that the oil recovered after treatment with the oil palm biomass, exhibited better lubricating properties, and is recommendable as good base oil for automotive oil formulation.
49
Bustamante Hinojosa, Carlos Augusto, Rómulo Campos, and Hugo Sánchez Guerrero. "Production and composition of buffalo milk supplemented with agro industrial byproducts of the african palm." Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía 70, no. 1 (2017): 8085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfna.v70n1.61767.
Full textAbstract:
The goal for this applied research was to assess the production and composition of buffalo milk when Oil Palm kernel flour and Oil Palm kernel cake are supplemented to their diet. Thirty buffaloes from the grasslands of the Andes valleys in Colombia with 1 to 3 lactations and an average weight of 575 kg were selected for the experimental. The animals were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: (T1 Control Group) with no diet supplements, (T2) 1000 g·day-1 of oil palm kernel cake and 350 g·day-1 of molasses diet supplement, and (T3) 1150 g·day-1 of oil palm kernel flour. During the first 100 days of lactation, the milk livestock were individually weighed and milked. Milking was scheduled every 15 days, for a total of seven samples. The supplement consumption was recorded and a bromatological analysis of grasses was performed. The chemical composition of the milk was determined using an ultrasonic Ekomilk analyzer and a fatty acid full profile analysis was made using High Liquid Pressure Chromatography (HLPC). A 7 x 3 multiple variable statistical analysis was performed by sampling seven fifteen day periods and three types of diet. The average values of milk components observed were: 3.54% protein; 7.4% fat; total solids 16.9%; non-fat solids 9.5%; 2.1 fats to protein ratio. The profile of fatty acids showed 2.34% of polyunsaturated; 33.1% of monounsaturated; 64.6% of unsaturated fatty acids; and 0.96% of Omega 6 acids. In conclusion was observed partial effect to fat supplementation in the buffaloes milk production.
50
de Castro, Vinícius Costa Gomes, Juliana Cristina de Castro Budel, Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues, et al. "Lambs supplemented with Amazonian oilseed co-products: Meat quality and fatty acid profile." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (2023): e0293897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293897.
Full textAbstract:
The Amazon has a wide variety of oilseeds that generate a huge amount of co-products with potential for use in animal nutrition. The objective was to use alternative resources (oilseed cakes) in the feeding of lambs to assign a sustainable destination to this biomass, and evaluate its influence on the quality and fatty acid (FA) profile of the meat. Twenty-four lambs, male, castrated, crossbred Dorper × Santa Inês, weighing 30 ± 1.3 kg of initial body weight, were distributed in a completely randomized design in 4 treatments (diets) with six replications (animals). The control diet (Control) contained corn and soybean meal as main ingredients, which were partially replaced in the other diets by cupuassu cake diet (Cup), palm kernel cake diet (Palm) and tucuma cake diet (Tuc). The inclusion of Amazon cakes influences the lipid (P = 0.02) and protein (P < 0.01) composition of meat (longissimus lumborum); reduces cooking losses (P < 0.01); influences the colors (L, a, b), chroma, and Hue Angle (P < 0.01); promotes changes in total FA composition and FA profile (P < 0.05); reduces hypocholesterolemic FA (h) (P = 0.01), but does not influence hypercholesterolemic (H) and indices h:H, AI and TI (P > 0.05). The inclusion of oilseed cakes influences the chemical composition, physical parameters, composition and fatty acid profile of the meat, but does not influence the indicators of atherogenicity, thrombogenicity and cholesterolemia.