Relevant bibliographies by topics / Palm oil Trace elements

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Palm oil Trace elements'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Palm oil Trace elements"

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Olafisoye, O. B., O. O. Oguntibeju, and O. A. Osibote. "Trace elements and radionuclides in palm oil, soil, water, and leaves from oil palm plantations: A review." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 57, no. 7 (February 21, 2017): 1295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2014.886032.

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Ichlas El Qudsi, Mohammad, Indra Kusumawardhana, and Volodymyr Kyrychenko. "The Garuda Strikes Back : Indonesian Economic Diplomacy to Tackle European Union Protectionism on Crude Palm Oil." Journal of International Studies on Energy Affairs 1, no. 2 (December 20, 2020): 110–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51413/jisea.vol1.iss2.2020.110-135.

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Abstract This paper analyzes Indonesia's economic diplomacy in overcoming trade barriers to Indonesian palm oil commodities carried out by the European Union. Until now, the Indonesian Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry has experienced tremendous pressure from the European Union (EU) as one of the main export destinations for Indonesian CPO. In order to secure Indonesia's national interests, instead of taking a cooperative approach, the Indonesian government has responded to the EU's discriminatory attitude towards palm oil commodities with a series of assertive economic diplomacy approaches. This assertive economic diplomacy approach is understood by this paper as a form of the “Power-Play End” strategy articulated by Indonesia to secure its national interests in mainland Europe. The main question in this paper is how can Indonesia use this strategy in overcoming trade barriers imposed by the EU on palm oil commodities? Using the concept of Economic Diplomacy which emphasizes three elements, namely the use of political influence and relations, the use of economic assets, the consolidation of the political climate and the international environment - this paper will examine Indonesia's economic diplomacy in related issues. Key Words: Palm Oil, Economic Diplomacy, Trade Barriers, Indonesia, European Union
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Iewkittayakorn, Jutarut, Kannika Kuechoo, Wilaiwan Chotigeat, Souwalak Phongpaichit, Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul, and Yaowapa Sukpondma. "Lovastatin Production by Aspergillus sclerotiorum Using Agricultural Waste." Food technology and biotechnology 58, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.58.02.20.6223.

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Research background. Lovastatin is a well-known drug used to reduce hypercholesterolaemia. However, the cost of lovastatin production is still high. Therefore, alternative low-cost carbon sources for the production of lovastatin are desirable.Experimental approach. Four different agricultural wastes, namely corn trunks, rice husks, wild sugarcane, and soya bean sludge, were tested separately as substrates to produce lovastatin using a new fungal strain, Aspergillus sclerotiorum PSU-RSPG 178, under both submerged and solid-state fermentation (SSF).Results and conclusions. Of these substrates and cultivation systems, soya bean sludge gave the highest lovastatin yield on dry mass basis of 0.04 mg/g after 14 days of SSF at 25 °C. Therefore, the soya bean sludge was separately supplemented with glucose, wheat flour, trace elements, palm oil, urea and molasses. The addition of the palm oil enhanced the lovastatin yield to 0.99 mg/g. In addition, the optimum conditions, which gave a lovastatin yield of (20±2) mg/g after 18 days of SSF, were soya bean sludge containing 80 % moisture (dry basis) at a ratio of soya bean sludge (g) to mycelial agar plugs of 1:4, and a ratio of soya bean sludge (g) to palm oil (mL) of 1:2. Besides, the lovastatin yields obtained from SSF using fresh or dry soya bean sludge were not significantly different.Novelty and scientific contribution. We conclude that A. sclerotiorum PSU-RSPG 178 has a good potential as an alternative strain for producing lovastatin using soya bean sludge supplemented with palm oil as a carbon source.
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Olafisoye, Bola O., Olalekan O. Fatoki, Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju, and Adelaja O. Osibote. "DETERMINATION OF TRACE AND MAJOR ELEMENTS IN WATER ON OIL PALM PLANTATIONS BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA-OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY." Instrumentation Science & Technology 42, no. 6 (November 2, 2014): 652–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2014.928309.

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Choiruzzad, Shofwan Al Banna, Adam Tyson, and Helena Varkkey. "The ambiguities of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil certification: internal incoherence, governance rescaling and state transformation." Asia Europe Journal 19, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10308-020-00593-0.

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AbstractThere are persistent tensions of both a technical and political nature between Southeast Asia’s two major palm oil producers, Indonesia and Malaysia, and the sustainability governance mechanisms shaping global environmental and trade standards emerging from Europe. The establishment of the national Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certification standard in 2011 is a sign of discontent with the transnational Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) regime, sparking debate about the legitimacy of private governance models initiated by non-governmental organizations and companies in Europe. This article questions whether the adoption of sustainability norms by Indonesia signals normative convergence or the emergence of rival governance structures that challenge the state. Evidence suggests that elements of norm adoption and rival governance coexist in Indonesia and that ISPO certification is an ambiguous policy with degrees of internal incoherence. The ambiguous nature of ISPO certification gives rise to unresolved disputes over power and authority between various actors. This article shows how these disputes came into being by framing these dynamics as part of a long historical process. Novel insights are gained by employing the state transformation framework and the concept of governance rescaling. Within this framework, we argue that the ambiguous nature of the ISPO results from complex interrelated processes of fragmentation, decentralization and the internationalization of the Indonesian state.
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Widya Puteri, Tia, and Mindriany Syafila. "Screening The Effect of Cu, Mn, and Mg on Ethanol Formation in Degradation Process of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) under Anaerobic Condition Using Two-Level Factorial Design Method." MATEC Web of Conferences 147 (2018): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814704003.

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Anaerobic digestion can be used for the treatment of POME to reduce organic content and generate some substances, such as volatile acids, ethanol, and various gasses. During anaerobic fermentation process, microorganism requires the presence of trace elements for growth to improve their performance. This research will be carried out as a study of the presence of trace elements, such as metals (Cu2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+) that has significant effects on ethanol formation. Circulating Bed Reactor was used and operated in a batch system for 48 hours. Metal ions were screened and analyzed by using two-level factorial design method whether there is any correlation effect between the addition of Cu2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+ and ethanol formation. Several parameters which consists of Total Volatile Acids (TVA), dissolved Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODs), Volatile Suspended Solid (VSS), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and ethanol were measured every sampling. Mn metal is proven statistically affect both TVA and ethanol formation while Mg metal only affect TVA formation. Cu2+ and Mg2+ metals combination affect ethanol formation with largest detected ethanol concentration is 7,483.07 mg/L. The result from this study had identified the metal ions which has significant effect as a foundation for optimization ethanol formation.
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Roy, Amitava, Sudipto Haldar, Souvik Mondal, and Tapan Kumar Ghosh. "Effects of Supplemental Exogenous Emulsifier on Performance, Nutrient Metabolism, and Serum Lipid Profile in Broiler Chickens." Veterinary Medicine International 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/262604.

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The effects of an exogenous emulsifier, glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate, on performance and carcass traits of broiler chickens were assessed. The emulsifier was added to the diet at dose rates of 0 (control), 1 (E1) and 2 (E2) % of added fat (saturated palm oil). Live weight gain () and feed conversion ratio () in 39 days were higher in the E1 dietary group. Gain: ME intake and gain: protein intake during the grower phase improved quadratically (). Gross carcass traits were not affected. Body fat content and fat accretion increased () and liver fat content decreased () linearly with the level of emulsifier in diet. Fat excretion decreased () leading to increased ileal fat digestibility () in the E1 group (quadratic response). Metabolizable intake of N () and fat () increased quadratically due to supplementation of emulsifier in diet. Metabolism of trace elements and serum lipid profiles were not affected. The study revealed that supplementation of exogenous emulsifiers in diets containing moderate quantities of added vegetable fats may substantially improve broiler performance.
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Ako, Rhuks, and Patrick Okonmah. "Minority Rights Issues in Nigeria: A Theoretical Analysis of Historical and Contemporary Conflicts in the Oil-Rich Niger Delta Region." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 16, no. 1 (2009): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181109x394371.

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AbstractNigeria's delta region was famous for its role in the trade and supply of palm-oil to the then industrialising world. Thereafter, its high quality crude-oil made it a significant player in the global oil market. However, the region has become (in)famous for the spate of violent conflicts that threaten both local and international economic stability and security. This paper highlights the correlations between these two eras, the parties and fundamental causes of the violent conflicts that beset the area. It argues that the underlying factor for restiveness in both periods is the exclusion of the local communities from participating in the exploitation and benefits of the resources. The paper theorises the causes of conflicts during the two periods based on social justice concepts of distribution and recognition. It suggests that the actualisation of normative elements of distribution and recognition that quelled the first of these conflicts has a fundamental role to play in resolving the multifarious conflicts that currently pervade the Niger Delta region. Consequently, it suggests that initiatives that recognise public participation in the crude-oil industry be extended to resolve the present conflicts.
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KOREN, DAVID. "Een eeuwenlange strijd tegen droogte en teloorgang." Tijdschrift voor Historische Geografie 5, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/thg2020.3.001.kore.

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An age-long struggle against drought and downfall. Values and meanings of the Curaçao plantation landscape Even if it is not obvious at first, a closer look reveals that Curaçao is actually one large plantation landscape, with the exception of Willemstad’s inner city. This landscape can be read as a history book with the old plantation houses as its most recognizable elements. But there are many more elements like cactus hedges, palm copses, stone walls, wells and (dysfunctional) waterworks. This landscape is most recognizable in the western part of the island. The central area around Willemstad has suffered from uncontrolled urbanization and industrialization, while the eastern part has basically become an extensive leisure landscape. The owners of plantations used several strategies like a multitude of crops, the creation of saltpans where possible and trade in the city (just a few plantation owners focused exclusively on agricultural production). At the end of the 19th century, several plantations were explored for extractable minerals. Throughout the 20th century, almost all plantations were gradually sold and abandoned. The abolishment of slavery in 1863 gave the first impetus for this, but the final blow was the exodus towards the city when an oil refinery brought new perspectives for the island. Paid employment in the city was much more appealing than an uncertain existence in the countryside, where years of failed crops could eventually lead to starvation. An overall problem is the ongoing privatization of public space, which results in the transformation of old plantations into gated residential areas and resorts, creating an unrecognizable landscape and a growing inequality between rich and poor. A future nomination for the UNESCO World Heritage List will possibly create new perspectives for this cultural landscape (see next article).
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Shpirt, M. Ya, S. A. Punanova, and Yu A. Strizhakova. "Trace elements in black and oil shales." Solid Fuel Chemistry 41, no. 2 (April 2007): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0361521907020115.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Palm oil Trace elements"

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Lundholm, Amalia. "Determination of trace and major elements in oil by ICP-AES after microwave digestion." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - BMC, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256370.

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Kwasny, Brianna. "An investigation of the crude oil in the Spivey-Grabs field of south-central Kansas: an insight into oil type and origin." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19031.

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Master of Science
Geology
Matthew W. Totten
The most common practice of typing crude oils utilizes biomarkers to gain insight on the history of the oil. This practice only considers the organic chemistry of the oil, and does not consider the trace element concentrations within the oil. Rare earth element and other trace element concentrations in crude oil might provide further insight into the oil’s source and origin. This study analyzed REE and other trace metal concentrations of crude oil in the Spivey-Grabs field of south-central Kansas through analysis by ICP-MS and ICP-AES that, coupled with visual physical characteristics of oil and FT-IR analysis, could explain the reported “compartmentalization” of the field and provide insight on the origin of the oils. Analysis of physical characteristics of the crude oils suggested the presence of two types of oil, of differing viscosities, in the field. FT-IR confirmed the presence of these two oil types based on functional groups present in the oils. The existence of a high viscosity oil could potentially explain the compartmentalization behavior in the field. PAAS-normalized REE distribution patterns showed a general LREE enrichment, a positive cerium and negative europium anomaly, and a MREE and HREE depletion, but higher viscosity oils showed additional MREE and HREE enrichment. K/Rb values ranged from 2,864 to 44,118, with oils from mixed-viscosity wells having lower ratios overall. K/Rb values of Spivey-Grabs crude oils more closely resembled those of the Lansing-Kansas City formation than the K/Rb values of the Woodford shale and Mississippian formation of the Anadarko basin. Comparing the rare earth element distribution patterns and K/Rb values from this study to those of the Woodford shale suggests the Spivey-Grabs oil originated from a local source and not from the Woodford shale.
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Illner, Peter [Verfasser], and T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Neumann. "Depositional environment of the Upper Cretaceous oil shales in the Negev Desert, Israel: Geochemical constraints based on trace elements and stable isotopes / Peter Illner. Betreuer: T. Neumann." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1068868880/34.

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Hassler, Evelyn [Verfasser], Edzo [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Veldkamp, and Alexander [Gutachter] Knohl. "Consequences of rainforest conversion to smallholder rubber and oil palm plantations on soil trace gas fluxes from highly weathered soils in Sumatra, Indonesia / Evelyn Hassler ; Gutachter: Edzo Veldkamp, Alexander Knohl ; Betreuer: Edzo Veldkamp." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124680489/34.

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Gharaibeh, Ahmed. "Environmental impact assessment on oil shale extraction in Central Jordan." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-226424.

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This study focuses on the environmental impact assessment of trace elements concentrations in spent shale, which is the main residual besides gas and steam from the utilization of oil shale. The study area El-Lajjun covers 28 km2, located in the centre of Jordan approximately 110 km south of Amman. It belongs mainly to the Wadi Mujib catchment and is considered to be one of the most important catchments in Jordan. The Wadi El-Lajjun catchment area (370 km2) consists of two main aquifer systems: The intermediate aquifer (Amman Wadi As Sir Aquifer or B2/A7) and the deep sandstone aquifer (Kurnub/Ram Group Aquifer). The B2/A7 aquifer (Upper Cretaceous) is considered as the main source of fresh water in Jordan. El-Lajjun oil shale was deposited in a sedimentary basin and comprises massive beds of brown-black, kerogen-rich, bituminous chalky marl. The oil shale was deposited in shallow marine environment. It is by definition a sedimentary rock containing organic material in the rock matrix. The shale oil extraction is an industrial process to decompose oil shale and to convert the kerogen into shale oil by hydrogenation, pyrolysis or by a thermal dissolution. Several classifications of extraction technologies are known; the classification with respect to the location where the extraction takes place distinguishes between off-site, on-site, and in situ. The oil shale utilization may have serious repercussions on the surrounding environment if these issues are not investigated and evaluated carefully. Ten representative oil shale rock samples with a total weight about 20 kg were collected from different localities of oil shale exposures in the study area. A standardized laboratory Fischer Assay test was performed with the samples to determine oil shale characteristics and to obtain spent shale, which was used in this study for further investigations. Sequential extraction was used to evaluate the changes in the mobility and distribution of the trace elements: Ti, V Cr, Co, Zn, As Zr, Cd, Pb and U. Column leaching experiments were performed to simulate the leaching behavior of the above elements from oil shale and spent shale to evaluate the possible influence on the groundwater in the study area. The concentrations in the leachate were below the maximum contaminant levels of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for drinking water and the Jordanian standards for drinking water. An immobilization method by using Kaolin was applied to reduce the mobilization and bioavailability of the trace elements fraction that are contained in the spent shale. Immobilization was evaluated as a function of liquid-solid ratio (solid-liquid partitioning) and as a function of pH. A comparison between the results obtained from column leaching experiments and the results that were obtained from immobilization for the oil shale and spent shale samples indicated that the immobilization reduced the mobility of the trace element except for Ti, V, and Cr. However, even the concentrations of these elements were lower than the maximum acceptable limits of the Jordanian Standard Specifications for waste water. The catchment of the study area (Wadi El-Lajjun catchment) is ungauged. Therefore, the soil conservation service (SCS) runoff curve number method was used for predicting direct runoff from rainfall. The results obtained showed that the infiltration of water is very small (approximately 0.6 cm/year) and rarely can´t reach the groundwater through the oil shale beds. Thus, a contamination of groundwater is unlikely under normal conditions. DRASTIC was used to assess groundwater vulnerability for the B2/A7 aquifer with respect to pollution by oil shale utilization. The aquifer vulnerability map shows that the area is divided into three zones: low (risk index 10-100; intermediate (risk index 101–140) and high groundwater vulnerability (risk index 141-200). The high risk areas are small and mainly located in the northeastern corner of the El-Lajjun graben, where the hydraulic conductivity is relatively high and rocks are highly fractured and faulted. The water table of the deep sandstone aquifer (Kurnub/Ram group) in the El-Lajjun area is relatively deep. At least two geological formations above the Kurnub aquifer are aquitards and protect the deep aquifer. However, the area is highly fractured and thus there is a certain possibility for contact with surface pollutants. Finally, further research with respect to trace elements including REE elements and isotopes in the intermediate and deep sandstone aquifers are highly recommended. Isotopic signatures will be very helpful to investigate to which extend hydraulic connections between the aquifers exist. Further and in particular mineralogical studies on the spent shale and the possibilities for industrial utilization are recommended because huge quantities of spent shale are expected. Because most oil shale extraction technologies especially the power generation require considerable amounts of water detailed studies on water supply for the oil shale treatment have to be performed.
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Sussa, Fabio Vitorio. "Efeito do manejo agrícola, da sazonalidade e dos elementos traço na produção dos óleos voláteis de erva-cidreira (Melissa officinalis L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-16022017-142812/.

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Este trabalho é um estudo interdisciplinar envolvendo o cultivo de erva-cidreira (Melissa officinalis L.) e sua caracterização química. O objetivo deste estudo foi fornecer informação sobre a adubação orgânica e convencional, a sazonalidade e os efeitos dos elementos traço na produção dos óleos voláteis de Melissa officinalis. O modelo experimental utilizado foi em canteiros com delineamento inteiramente casualizados (DIC) com quatro repetições. Melissa officinalis foi submetida a diferentes sistemas de adubação e época de colheita. A concentração elementar foi determinada pela análise por ativação neutrônica instrumental (INAA), espectrometria de absorção atômica por forno de grafite (GF AAS) e espectrometria de emissão óptica com fonte de plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-OES) nas folhas de Melissa officinalis e nos solos de cultivo. Os óleos voláteis de Melissa officinalis foram extraídos pela técnica de hidrodestilação, utilizando-se o aparelho de Clevenger e os principais metabólitos secundários (citronelal, neral, geranial, citronelol, nerol e geraniol) foram determinados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada ao espectrômetro de massas (GC-MS). Primavera e verão apresentaram os óleos de melhor qualidade por possuírem menores teores de citronelol, nerol e geraniol. A formação de neral e geranial foi favorecida no manejo convencional correlacionado com a presença dos elementos Co, Cr, Mg e Ni presentes no solo, enquanto que a formação do citronelal foi favorecida no manejo orgânico correlacionado com o elemento Mn presente nas folhas de Melissa officinalis.
This work is an interdisciplinary study of Lemon balm cultivation (Melissa officinalis L.) and its chemical characterization. The objective of this study was to provide information about organic and mineral fertilization, season and trace elements effects on volatile oil production by the species Melissa officinalis. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Melissa officinalis was under different fertilization and harvest season. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were applied to determine the elemental concentration in the soil and plant samples. The volatile oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and the compounds citronelal, neral, geranial, citronelol, nerol and geraniol were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The best quality of the oil was obtained in spring and summer because the lower content of citronellol, nerol and geraniol. Neral and geranial formation was favored in the conventional management correlated with the presence of Co, Cr, Mg and Ni elements present in the soil, whereas citronellal formation was favored in organic management correlated with Mn element present in the Melissa officinalis leaves.
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Sabriana, Ortega Georgia Irai. "Développement de méthodes analytiques pour la détermination de l’isotopie du plomb et des éléments traces dans des produits pétroliers (huile, asphaltène, kérogène, roche mère). Application à la datation de la génération du pétrole et de la déposition de la roche mère dans un bassin pétrolier." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3043/document.

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La datation de l’âge de génération des hydrocarbures et de la déposition de la roche mère fournit des informations importantes dans la prospection pétrolière. Dans ce travail, différentes stratégies ont été étudiées pour la détermination des métaux traces, et des rapports isotopiques du plomb dans des produits pétroliers par des techniques de spectrométrie de masse. Les stratégies d’analyses développées dans ce travail ont été utilisées pour estimer l’âge de génération du pétrole, ainsi que l’âge de déposition de la roche mère âge du « New Albany shales » dans le basin d’Illinois, en utilisant les géochronomètres U-Th-Pb. Les ages déterminés par la méthode U-Th-Pb sont en très bon accord avec ceux prédits par les modèles numériques géologiques, ce qui démontre le potentiel de cette approche pour étudier l’histoire de la formation des hydrocarbures et dans la recherche de nouvelles sources d'hydrocarbures
Timing crude oil generation and source rock deposition provides important clues in petroleum prospection. In this work, different analytical procedures were developed for trace metals and Pb isotope ratio were determination crude oils and related products. These analytical strategies were then used, for the first time, to assess the applicability of the U-Th-Pb geochronometers for timing source rock deposition age and crude oil generation in the Illinois Basin. Ages determined are in good agreement with those predicted by geological numerical models, demonstrating the potential of these geochronometers to study the history of hydrocarbons formation and to find new hydrocarbon sources
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Hassler, Evelyn. "Consequences of rainforest conversion to smallholder rubber and oil palm plantations on soil trace gas fluxes from highly weathered soils in Sumatra, Indonesia." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002B-7D28-3.

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Books on the topic "Palm oil Trace elements"

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Bronson, Michael T. Trace contaminants in the greater St. George Basin: A statistical review. Kingston, R.I: University of Rhode Island, 1988.

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Barringer, Julia L. Arsenic and metals in soils in the vicinity of the Imperial Oil Company superfund site, Marlboro Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey. West Trenton, N.J: U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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Barringer, Julia L. Arsenic and metals in soils in the vicinity of the Imperial Oil Company Superfund site, Marlboro Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey. West Trenton, N.J: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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A, Sozinov N., Kler Vladimir Robertovich, and Institut litosfery (Akademiia nauk SSSR), eds. Metallogenii͡a︡ i geokhimii͡a︡ uglenosnykh i slant͡s︡esoderzhashchikh tolshch SSSR: Geokhimii͡a︡ ėlementov. Moskva: "Nauka", 1987.

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Mercer, Gregory Eugene. The distribution and association of trace elements in the bitumen, kerogen and pyrolysates from New Albany oil shale. 1992.

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Preassessment screen: Clark Fork River Basin NPL sites, Montana. [Helena, Mont.]: State of Montana Natural Resources Damage Assessment Program, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Palm oil Trace elements"

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Pérez-Granados, A. M., M. P. Vaquero, and M. P. Navarro. "Iron Metabolism in Rats Consuming Olive Oil or Sunflower Oil Unused or Used in Repeated Potato Frying." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10, 825–26. New York, NY: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47466-2_264.

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Eder, K., K. Waldhauser, and M. Kirchgessner. "The Effect of Zinc Deficiency on Some Key Enzymes of Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed Olive Oil or Linseed Oil." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10, 565. New York, NY: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47466-2_180.

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Falnoga, I., V. Stibilj, D. Mazej, and M. Tušek Znidaric. "Selenium Distribution in Liver of Hens Fed with Sunflower Oil." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10, 895–96. New York, NY: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47466-2_282.

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Bai, Jing-ru, Qing Wang, Hong-peng Liu, and Zhang Bai. "Study on Trace and Rare Earth Elements in Indonesian Oil Sands." In Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World, 189–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30445-3_29.

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Bai, Jing-ru, Qing Wang, Ling-wen Kong, and Zhang Bai. "Volatile Characteristic of Trace Elements During Microwave Pyrolysis of Oil Shale." In Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World, 217–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30445-3_33.

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Maneschy, Maria Cristina, Valente José Matlaba, Jorge Filipe Dos Santos, and Ana Cláudia Duarte Cardoso. "Elements of Coviability in the Agribusiness of Palm Oil in the Eastern Amazon." In Coviability of Social and Ecological Systems: Reconnecting Mankind to the Biosphere in an Era of Global Change, 239–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78111-2_13.

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Kocman, Vladimir. "X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Sulfur and Trace Elements in Coal and Oil Tar Pitches, Asphalts and Other Bituminous Compounds." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 243–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1935-1_28.

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Hussaini Jagaba, Ahmad, Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty, Gasim Hayder Ahmed Salih, Azmatullah Noor, Mohammad Fakhuma Ubaidillah bin Md Hafiz, Nura Shehu Aliyu Yaro, Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed, Ibrahim Mohammed Lawal, Abdullahi Haruna Birniwa, and Abdullahi Usman Kilaco. "Palm Oil Clinker as a Waste by-Product: Utilization and Circular Economy Potential." In Elaeis guineensis [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97312.

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Conservation of natural resources to create ecological balance could be significantly improved by substituting them with waste by-products. Palm oil industry operations increases annually, thereby generating huge quantity of waste to be dumped into the landfill. Palm oil clinker (POC) is a solid waste by-product produced in one of the oil palm processing phases. This chapter is designed to highlight the generation, disposal problems, properties and composition of POC. The waste to resource potentials of POC would be greatly discussed in the chapter starting with the application of POC in conventional and geopolymer structural elements such as beams, slabs, columns made of either concrete, mortar or paste for coarse aggregates, sand and cement replacement. Aspects such as performance of POC in wastewater treatment processes, fine aggregate and cement replacement in asphaltic and bituminous mixtures during highway construction, a bio-filler in coatings for steel manufacturing processes and a catalyst during energy generation would also be discussed. Circular economy potentials, risk assessment and leaching behavior during POC utilization would be evaluated. The chapter also discusses the effectiveness of POC in soil stabilization and the effect of POC pretreatment for performance enhancement. Towards an efficient utilization, it is important to carry out technical and economic studies, as well as life cycle assessments, in order to compare all the POC areas of application described in the present review article. POC powder has proven to be pozzolanic with maximum values of 17, 53.7, 0.92, 3.87, 1.46, for CaO, SiO2, SO3, Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Therefore, the present chapter would inspire researchers to find research gaps that will aid the sustainable use of agroindustry wastes. The fundamental knowledge contained in the chapter could also serve as a wake-up call for researchers that will motivate them to explore the high potential of utilizing POC for greater environmental benefits associated with less cost when compared with conventional materials.
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Novikov, D. A., A. V. Chernykh, F. F. Dultsev, E. V. Borisov, and P. A. Yan. "TRACE ELEMENTS FRACTIONATION IN THE WATER-ROCK-OIL SYSTEM ON THE EXAMPLE OF OIL-AND-GAS-BEARING DEPOSITS OF WESTERN SIBERIA, THE ARCTIC REGIONS." In WATER-ROCK INTERACTION: GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION, 254–57. Buryat Scientific Center of SB RAS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31554/978-5-7925-0584-1-2020-254-257.

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Bethke, Craig M. "Introduction." In Geochemical Reaction Modeling. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094756.003.0005.

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As geochemists, we frequently need to describe the chemical states of natural waters, including how dissolved mass is distributed among aqueous species, and to understand how such waters will react with minerals, gases, and fluids of the Earth's crust and hydrosphere. We can readily undertake such tasks when they involve simple chemical systems, in which the relatively few reactions likely to occur can be anticipated through experience and evaluated by hand calculation. As we encounter more complex problems, we must rely increasingly on quantitative models of solution chemistry and irreversible reaction to find solutions. The field of geochemical modeling has grown rapidly since the early 1960s, when the first attempt was made to predict by hand calculation the concentrations of dissolved species in seawater. Today's challenges might be addressed by using computer programs to trace many thousands of reactions in order, for example, to predict the solubility and mobility of forty or more elements in buried radioactive waste. Geochemists now use quantitative models to understand sediment diagenesis and hydrothermal alteration, explore for ore deposits, determine which contaminants will migrate from mine tailings and toxic waste sites, predict scaling in geothermal wells and the outcome of steam-flooding oil reservoirs, solve kinetic rate equations, manage injection wells, evaluate laboratory experiments, and study acid rain, among many examples. Teachers let their students use these models to learn about geochemistry by experiment and experience. Many hundreds of scholarly articles have been written on the modeling of geochemical systems, giving mathematical, geochemical, mineralogical, and practical perspectives on modeling techniques. Dozens of computer programs, each with its own special abilities and prejudices, have been developed (and laboriously debugged) to analyze various classes of geochemical problems. In this book, I attempt to treat geochemical modeling as an integrated subject, progressing from the theoretical foundations and computational concerns to the ways in which models can be applied in practice. In doing so, I hope to convey, by principle and by example, the nature of modeling and the results and uncertainties that can be expected. Hollywood may never make a movie about geochemical modeling, but the field has its roots in top-secret efforts to formulate rocket fuels in the 1940s and 1950s.
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Conference papers on the topic "Palm oil Trace elements"

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Khasanov, Rinat. "TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE ROCKS OF THE MOBILE BELTS OF THE PRECAMBRIAN BASEMENT OF THE VOLGA-URAL OIL AND GAS PROVINCE." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/1.1/s01.086.

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Xu, Guangtong, and Yi He. "Assessment of the remains in historic urban area based on spatial prototype." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/lyxe6926.

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Like most historic and cultural cities in China, the historic urban area of JingMen city is facing a typical spatial problem of fragmentation and fuzzification. This study is focused on exploring a method for evaluating the existing values of historic urban area based on spatial prototype. As a built-up relationship of historic city, spatial prototype has habitual structural characteristics and formal modulus. It is the inherent logic and order rules behind the scattered historic environment, providing a clue to understand the spatial characteristics and a basis for guiding the construction and conservation in historic urban areas. Three criteria, the resolution of historical elements, the integrity of historical structure and the renewal potential of associated plots, were selected to construct the assessment system. These three dimensions are linked to the spatial prototype and its constituent elements, as well as the transformation relationship in ancient and present day. The results showed that historic urban areas have changed from a holistic city to different existing types dominated by their historic structure elements. Finally, a constructive conservation strategy should be adopted to enhance the integrity of historic urban area based on the trace of spatial prototype and evaluation results.
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Calabria, Alfonso, Roberto Capata, and Mario Di Veroli. "The Power Generation With Vegetable Oils: A Case Study." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62470.

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The utilization of vegetable oils, and in particular the palm oil, as fuel in the power generation has had a remarkable development in the last few years. Generally the vegetable oil can be used with a particular marine-derived diesel ICE, with low rpm and an electric conversion efficiency of about 40%. The efficiency is strictly connected to the size of the plant. Moreover, the considerable amount of the required vegetable oil to feed the system forces to import the fuel. This is one of the most critical elements as the palm oil is subject to continuous and wide variations in prices. Due to this variation it is difficult to obtain a stable and convenient fuel supply over a long period of time. The present work is aimed at evaluating and estimating the economic, technical and environmental feasibility of a 20 MW plant for the stationary power generation fed with palm oil, enlightening the system solution (technical constructive aspects) and the economic appraisal, on the basis of variations in oil prices. Finally, the economic sensibility analysis based on the fuel cost and the European mechanisms of biomass incentives.
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Garci´a, Jaime, Jorge Giraldo, Antonio Bula, and Adria´n A´vila. "Simulation of a Biodiesel Continuous Production Process Using HYSYS®." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43502.

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Elements of Chemical Process Engineering were used in this research to design and simulate two continuous transesterification processes for the production of biodiesel from palm oil, using the chemical simulator, HYSYS®. This design specified the operating conditions of all the equipment required for the continuous production of biodiesel using ethanol and methanol as alcohols. The palm oil was modeled as a mixture of the triglycerides that compose it in greater proportion, estimating the chemical properties of the substances that take part in the transesterification reaction, with group contributions and group interactions theories. Finally, the quality specifications for biodiesel obtained in both simulations were analyzed to verify the fulfillment of the properties required by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and EN (European Norms) standards.
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Punanova, Svetlana. "POTENTIALLY TOXIC CHEMICAL ELEMENTS OF SHALE PLAYS – ECOLOGICAL THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/18.

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This research considered the content of trace elements (TE), including potentially toxic elements (PTE) in shale plays and deposits in various regions of the world. Their comparative analysis was carried out and the highest concentrations of PTE in the shales of some regions were revealed. The author notes that the destruction of organometallic compounds occurs during the development of shale hydrocarbon (HC) using horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing – injecting large volumes of chemicals while increasing the temperature. During such destruction processes, PTE can escape into the environment: into groundwater, soil layers, and other objects of economic use, and also deteriorate well equipment. In connection with the noted environmental hazards present during the development of shale HC, this paper proposes to monitor the content of TE in both shale rocks as well as in extracted shale oil in order to mitigate the risks of their release into the environment. In addition, developers and scientists should consider the losses of industrially significant volumes of valuable metals that occur due to the lack of cost-effective technologies for their capture and extraction from naphthides.
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Cross, E. S., A. Sappok, E. C. Fortner, J. F. Hunter, J. T. Jayne, W. A. Brooks, T. B. Onasch, et al. "Real-Time Measurements of Engine-Out Trace Elements: Application of a Novel Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer for Emissions Characterization." In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60100.

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Lubricant-derived trace element emissions are the largest contributors to the accumulation of incombustible ash in diesel particulate filters (DPF), eventually leading to filter plugging and an increase in engine fuel consumption. Particulate trace element emissions also pose adverse health effects and are the focus of increasingly stringent air quality regulations. To date, the rates and physical and chemical properties of lubricant-derived additive emissions are not well characterized, largely due to the difficulties associated with conducting the measurements. This work investigated the potential for conducting real-time measurements of lubricant-derived particle emissions. The experiment used the Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (SP-AMS) developed by Aerodyne Research to measure the size, mass and composition of submicron particles in the exhaust. Results confirm the ability of the SP-AMS to measure engine-out emissions of calcium, zinc, magnesium, phosphorous, and sulfur. Further, emissions of previously difficult to detect elements, such as boron, and low-level engine wear metals, such as lead, were also measured. This paper provides an overview of the results obtained with the SP-AMS, and demonstrates the utility of applying real-time techniques to engine-out and tailpipe-out trace element emissions. The SP-AMS used in this study was developed for real-time characterization of refractory particles (i.e. black carbon or soot) in the ambient atmosphere. The instrument consists of an intra-cavity laser (1064 nm) for particle vaporization followed by electron impact ionization and ion detection via a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Application of the SP-AMS for engine exhaust characterization followed a two-part approach: (1) measurement validation, and (2) measurement of engine-out exhaust. Measurement validation utilized a diesel burner with precise control of lubricant consumption. Results showed a good correlation between CJ-4 oil consumption and measured levels of lubricant-derived trace elements in the particle phase. Following measurement validation, the SP-AMS measured engine-out emissions from a medium-duty diesel engine, operated over a standard speed/load matrix. This work demonstrates the utility of state-of-the-art online techniques (such as the SP-AMS) to measure engine-out emissions, including trace species derived from lubricant additives. Results help optimize the combined engine-lubricant-aftertreatment system and provide a real-time characterization of emissions. As regulations become more stringent and emission controls more complex, advanced measurement techniques with high sensitivity and fast time response will become an increasingly important part of engine characterization studies.
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PILECKA, Jovita, Inga GRINFELDE, Inga STRAUPE, and Oskars PURMALIS. "THE ANTHROPOGENIC AIR POLLUTION SOURCE IDENTIFICATION IN URBAN AREAS USING SNOW SAMPLING." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.180.

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The anthropogenic sources of air pollution such as transport, energetics, household heating and industry generate different trace element footprint. The urban planning is one of tool to reduce air pollution with trace elements. The aim of this study is to identify air pollution sources in Jelgava city using trace elements. The snow sampling were collected during January and February 2017. The January snow samples characterise average Jelgava city air pollution. However, February characterises intensive tourism impact on total air quality of Jelgava city. The snow samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICP-OES). The data analysis consists of three stages. First, data verification and development of waste burning; burning of oil and fossil materials; wastewater treatment and utilisation of sewage sludge; transport; metal industry and fireworks typical pollution trace element data sets. Second, the cluster analysis of each data set, by developing three groups of pollution level for each pollution source. Third the results of clusters were analysed using GIS, and the areas with different air pollution risks were identified. The results show strong evidence of transport and household impact on air quality.
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Liang, Xingyu, Yu Chen, Lihui Dong, and Chonglin Song. "Investigation on Amorphous Particles Evolution of the Diesel Engine." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81054.

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Analysis of the changes in mass and size of particles formed during the diesel combustion process, the morphological characteristics, and the trace elements within these amorphous particles was carried out using a total cylinder sampling system installed on a direct injection diesel engine. Utilizing field emission transmission electron microscope technology, the results showed that the amorphous particles formed during the combustion process were abundant in metallic and non-metallic elements mainly derived from the lubrication oil, which was found to have entered the combustion process, oxidized and combusted, further increasing the absorbed carbon particles during the later stages of combustion.
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Volkova, A. S., A. A. Mnatsakanyan, and G. V. Chuvarleeva. "“Nanosilicon” and productivity of soybean in the central zone of the Krasnodar region." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-7.

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This article indicates the results of studies of the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers with trace elements based on pure silicon – “Nanosilicon” – on the productivity of soybean plants. Soya is a unique crop in its specificity. It is widely used in the food industry, both in the process of human food production, and in the production of animal feed. Silicon is the second most abundant element in the lithosphere of our planet. It increases stress resistance of plants, improves absorbing capacity of the root system, helps plants to retain moisture in the dry period, and strengthens the cell walls of plants. In general, the result was positive regardless of the amount of the preparation used, so the yield increased on average by 12.9 %, oil collection – by 12.8 %, and protein collection – by 15.1 %.
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Punanova, Svetlana. "ORE CONCENTRATIONS OF METALS IN NAPHTHIDES OF HYPERGENESIS ZONE: ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/17.

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The study examines the formation of secondary-altered crude oils associated with the processes of modern or ancient hypergenesis. As a result of geological processes during intense upward movement of the earth's crust, oil undergoes physical weathering, inorganic oxidation, washing out with water, biodegradation and sulfurization, and turn into heavy oils and hard bitumen. In zones of hypergenesis, the loss of light fractions occurs and the absolute concentration of trace elements (TE) associated with resinous-asphaltene components, such as V, Ni, Co, Mo, Cr, Cu, etc. sharply increases. In addition, oils absorb elements of variable valence (V, Fe, U) from low-salinity stratal waters. As a result of experimental studies on the interaction of oils with low mineralization waters, which are characteristic of hypergenesis zones, leaching of some elements (e.g., Zn) from oils and absorption of others from contacting waters (for example, concentrations of newly-formed organometallic compounds V and Fe increased by 1.3-12 times) were found. The author utilized the method of neutron-activation analysis to study the content of TE in oils and natural bitumens of the Volga-Ural, Timan-Pechora, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and etc. Ore-level concentration values were found, for example: 180-1162 ppm for V and up to 100 ppm for Ni in the oils of the Melekess depression in Tatarstan, and 940 ppm for V and 130 ppm for Ni in the oils of Kazakhstan deposits. Classification of oils by the content of “biogenic” elements V, Ni, Fe and by physical and chemical properties revealed significant differences of hypergene-altered oils in the general cycle of genesis of naphthides. Deposits of secondarily-altered oils are found in a wide stratigraphic range in oil and gas basins of various geostructural types in traps of the combined morphology – lithologically and tectonically shielded. During the development of oil deposits that contain high concentrations of TE, it is necessary to take into account ecological aspects. The environmental aspect is due to the fact that many metals contained in oils – V, Ni, Cd, As, Hg, U, etc. belong to highly toxic compound chemicals.
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