Journal articles: 'Palm oil Trace elements'

1

Olafisoye, O. B., O. O. Oguntibeju, and O. A. Osibote. "Trace elements and radionuclides in palm oil, soil, water, and leaves from oil palm plantations: A review." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 57, no. 7 (February 21, 2017): 1295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2014.886032.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ichlas El Qudsi, Mohammad, Indra Kusumawardhana, and Volodymyr Kyrychenko. "The Garuda Strikes Back : Indonesian Economic Diplomacy to Tackle European Union Protectionism on Crude Palm Oil." Journal of International Studies on Energy Affairs 1, no. 2 (December 20, 2020): 110–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51413/jisea.vol1.iss2.2020.110-135.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This paper analyzes Indonesia's economic diplomacy in overcoming trade barriers to Indonesian palm oil commodities carried out by the European Union. Until now, the Indonesian Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry has experienced tremendous pressure from the European Union (EU) as one of the main export destinations for Indonesian CPO. In order to secure Indonesia's national interests, instead of taking a cooperative approach, the Indonesian government has responded to the EU's discriminatory attitude towards palm oil commodities with a series of assertive economic diplomacy approaches. This assertive economic diplomacy approach is understood by this paper as a form of the “Power-Play End” strategy articulated by Indonesia to secure its national interests in mainland Europe. The main question in this paper is how can Indonesia use this strategy in overcoming trade barriers imposed by the EU on palm oil commodities? Using the concept of Economic Diplomacy which emphasizes three elements, namely the use of political influence and relations, the use of economic assets, the consolidation of the political climate and the international environment - this paper will examine Indonesia's economic diplomacy in related issues. Key Words: Palm Oil, Economic Diplomacy, Trade Barriers, Indonesia, European Union

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Iewkittayakorn, Jutarut, Kannika Kuechoo, Wilaiwan Chotigeat, Souwalak Phongpaichit, Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul, and Yaowapa Sukpondma. "Lovastatin Production by Aspergillus sclerotiorum Using Agricultural Waste." Food technology and biotechnology 58, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.58.02.20.6223.

Full text

Abstract:

Research background. Lovastatin is a well-known drug used to reduce hypercholesterolaemia. However, the cost of lovastatin production is still high. Therefore, alternative low-cost carbon sources for the production of lovastatin are desirable.Experimental approach. Four different agricultural wastes, namely corn trunks, rice husks, wild sugarcane, and soya bean sludge, were tested separately as substrates to produce lovastatin using a new fungal strain, Aspergillus sclerotiorum PSU-RSPG 178, under both submerged and solid-state fermentation (SSF).Results and conclusions. Of these substrates and cultivation systems, soya bean sludge gave the highest lovastatin yield on dry mass basis of 0.04 mg/g after 14 days of SSF at 25 °C. Therefore, the soya bean sludge was separately supplemented with glucose, wheat flour, trace elements, palm oil, urea and molasses. The addition of the palm oil enhanced the lovastatin yield to 0.99 mg/g. In addition, the optimum conditions, which gave a lovastatin yield of (20±2) mg/g after 18 days of SSF, were soya bean sludge containing 80 % moisture (dry basis) at a ratio of soya bean sludge (g) to mycelial agar plugs of 1:4, and a ratio of soya bean sludge (g) to palm oil (mL) of 1:2. Besides, the lovastatin yields obtained from SSF using fresh or dry soya bean sludge were not significantly different.Novelty and scientific contribution. We conclude that A. sclerotiorum PSU-RSPG 178 has a good potential as an alternative strain for producing lovastatin using soya bean sludge supplemented with palm oil as a carbon source.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Olafisoye, Bola O., Olalekan O. Fatoki, Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju, and Adelaja O. Osibote. "DETERMINATION OF TRACE AND MAJOR ELEMENTS IN WATER ON OIL PALM PLANTATIONS BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA-OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY." Instrumentation Science & Technology 42, no. 6 (November 2, 2014): 652–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2014.928309.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Choiruzzad, Shofwan Al Banna, Adam Tyson, and Helena Varkkey. "The ambiguities of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil certification: internal incoherence, governance rescaling and state transformation." Asia Europe Journal 19, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10308-020-00593-0.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThere are persistent tensions of both a technical and political nature between Southeast Asia’s two major palm oil producers, Indonesia and Malaysia, and the sustainability governance mechanisms shaping global environmental and trade standards emerging from Europe. The establishment of the national Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certification standard in 2011 is a sign of discontent with the transnational Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) regime, sparking debate about the legitimacy of private governance models initiated by non-governmental organizations and companies in Europe. This article questions whether the adoption of sustainability norms by Indonesia signals normative convergence or the emergence of rival governance structures that challenge the state. Evidence suggests that elements of norm adoption and rival governance coexist in Indonesia and that ISPO certification is an ambiguous policy with degrees of internal incoherence. The ambiguous nature of ISPO certification gives rise to unresolved disputes over power and authority between various actors. This article shows how these disputes came into being by framing these dynamics as part of a long historical process. Novel insights are gained by employing the state transformation framework and the concept of governance rescaling. Within this framework, we argue that the ambiguous nature of the ISPO results from complex interrelated processes of fragmentation, decentralization and the internationalization of the Indonesian state.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Widya Puteri, Tia, and Mindriany Syafila. "Screening The Effect of Cu, Mn, and Mg on Ethanol Formation in Degradation Process of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) under Anaerobic Condition Using Two-Level Factorial Design Method." MATEC Web of Conferences 147 (2018): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814704003.

Full text

Abstract:

Anaerobic digestion can be used for the treatment of POME to reduce organic content and generate some substances, such as volatile acids, ethanol, and various gasses. During anaerobic fermentation process, microorganism requires the presence of trace elements for growth to improve their performance. This research will be carried out as a study of the presence of trace elements, such as metals (Cu2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+) that has significant effects on ethanol formation. Circulating Bed Reactor was used and operated in a batch system for 48 hours. Metal ions were screened and analyzed by using two-level factorial design method whether there is any correlation effect between the addition of Cu2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+ and ethanol formation. Several parameters which consists of Total Volatile Acids (TVA), dissolved Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODs), Volatile Suspended Solid (VSS), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and ethanol were measured every sampling. Mn metal is proven statistically affect both TVA and ethanol formation while Mg metal only affect TVA formation. Cu2+ and Mg2+ metals combination affect ethanol formation with largest detected ethanol concentration is 7,483.07 mg/L. The result from this study had identified the metal ions which has significant effect as a foundation for optimization ethanol formation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Roy, Amitava, Sudipto Haldar, Souvik Mondal, and Tapan Kumar Ghosh. "Effects of Supplemental Exogenous Emulsifier on Performance, Nutrient Metabolism, and Serum Lipid Profile in Broiler Chickens." Veterinary Medicine International 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/262604.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of an exogenous emulsifier, glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate, on performance and carcass traits of broiler chickens were assessed. The emulsifier was added to the diet at dose rates of 0 (control), 1 (E1) and 2 (E2) % of added fat (saturated palm oil). Live weight gain () and feed conversion ratio () in 39 days were higher in the E1 dietary group. Gain: ME intake and gain: protein intake during the grower phase improved quadratically (). Gross carcass traits were not affected. Body fat content and fat accretion increased () and liver fat content decreased () linearly with the level of emulsifier in diet. Fat excretion decreased () leading to increased ileal fat digestibility () in the E1 group (quadratic response). Metabolizable intake of N () and fat () increased quadratically due to supplementation of emulsifier in diet. Metabolism of trace elements and serum lipid profiles were not affected. The study revealed that supplementation of exogenous emulsifiers in diets containing moderate quantities of added vegetable fats may substantially improve broiler performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ako, Rhuks, and Patrick Okonmah. "Minority Rights Issues in Nigeria: A Theoretical Analysis of Historical and Contemporary Conflicts in the Oil-Rich Niger Delta Region." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 16, no. 1 (2009): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181109x394371.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractNigeria's delta region was famous for its role in the trade and supply of palm-oil to the then industrialising world. Thereafter, its high quality crude-oil made it a significant player in the global oil market. However, the region has become (in)famous for the spate of violent conflicts that threaten both local and international economic stability and security. This paper highlights the correlations between these two eras, the parties and fundamental causes of the violent conflicts that beset the area. It argues that the underlying factor for restiveness in both periods is the exclusion of the local communities from participating in the exploitation and benefits of the resources. The paper theorises the causes of conflicts during the two periods based on social justice concepts of distribution and recognition. It suggests that the actualisation of normative elements of distribution and recognition that quelled the first of these conflicts has a fundamental role to play in resolving the multifarious conflicts that currently pervade the Niger Delta region. Consequently, it suggests that initiatives that recognise public participation in the crude-oil industry be extended to resolve the present conflicts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

KOREN, DAVID. "Een eeuwenlange strijd tegen droogte en teloorgang." Tijdschrift voor Historische Geografie 5, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/thg2020.3.001.kore.

Full text

Abstract:

An age-long struggle against drought and downfall. Values and meanings of the Curaçao plantation landscape Even if it is not obvious at first, a closer look reveals that Curaçao is actually one large plantation landscape, with the exception of Willemstad’s inner city. This landscape can be read as a history book with the old plantation houses as its most recognizable elements. But there are many more elements like cactus hedges, palm copses, stone walls, wells and (dysfunctional) waterworks. This landscape is most recognizable in the western part of the island. The central area around Willemstad has suffered from uncontrolled urbanization and industrialization, while the eastern part has basically become an extensive leisure landscape. The owners of plantations used several strategies like a multitude of crops, the creation of saltpans where possible and trade in the city (just a few plantation owners focused exclusively on agricultural production). At the end of the 19th century, several plantations were explored for extractable minerals. Throughout the 20th century, almost all plantations were gradually sold and abandoned. The abolishment of slavery in 1863 gave the first impetus for this, but the final blow was the exodus towards the city when an oil refinery brought new perspectives for the island. Paid employment in the city was much more appealing than an uncertain existence in the countryside, where years of failed crops could eventually lead to starvation. An overall problem is the ongoing privatization of public space, which results in the transformation of old plantations into gated residential areas and resorts, creating an unrecognizable landscape and a growing inequality between rich and poor. A future nomination for the UNESCO World Heritage List will possibly create new perspectives for this cultural landscape (see next article).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Shpirt, M. Ya, S. A. Punanova, and Yu A. Strizhakova. "Trace elements in black and oil shales." Solid Fuel Chemistry 41, no. 2 (April 2007): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0361521907020115.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Siregar, Rudi Munzirwan. "Analysis of Fosfor Hara Elements in Coconut Leaves Oil By Spectrofotometry." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v3i1.18547.

Full text

Abstract:

As Have been conducted by analysis element of hara phosphorus at palm leaf in indonesia oil palm research institute at medan. Determination of phosphorus rate in palm leaf conducted with methode of spektrofotometri uv-visible. Result of analysis indicate that phosphorus rate the obtained is 0,16% in palm leaf. Of this result indicate that phosphorus rate in palm leaf still less, answer the demand of standard which have been determined by that is between 0,17 - 0,19%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Koreňovská, M., and O. Poláčeková. "Trace elements content in virgin sunflower oil production." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 18, No. 2 (January 1, 2000): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8311-cjfs.

Full text

Abstract:

Trace elements content Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Mn in the single steps of virgin sunflower oil production were studied. It was determined that mercury is cumulated in sunflower kernel and passes into oil. Chromium is concentrated in sunflower hulls and therefore is not passing into oil. Nickel, iron, copper, cobalt, manganese remained in pressed sunflower meal. Only their decreased content was found in oil because mechanical purifying (separation and filtration) minimized their content. We determined the levels of selected trace elements in sunflower virgin oils produced in Slovakia in 1995 and 1996. Methods of atomic absorption spectrometry using graphite furnace and flame were used.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Koncsag, Claudia Irina, and Anca Iuliana Dumitru. "Trace elements balance in a refinery." Analele Universitatii "Ovidius" Constanta - Seria Chimie 23, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10310-012-0028-z.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe trace elements balance is performed whenever the refinery processes a new type of oil. The goal of the balance is to find the distribution of the trace elements in the products and residues for the market. Also, the balance can warn about the accumulation of metals in the catalysts, this affecting their activity in time. This work presents the case study of a refinery processing a light and sulphurous oil with a medium concentration of trace elements. The study highlighted the following: the highest levels of concentration in feed and products are for Na and Si; in general, trace elements concentrate in heavier factions and residues and especially in the coke as a product or as deposited on calaysts; following the balance, heavy metals concentrate in the coke deposit on FCC catalyst in range of 53% for V to 83% for As; heavy metals concentrate in the gasoline hydrotreating catalyst in range of 7% for Ni to 87% for V.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Fowler, David, Eiko Nemitz, Pawel Misztal, Chiara Di Marco, Ute Skiba, James Ryder, Carole Helfter, et al. "Effects of land use on surface–atmosphere exchanges of trace gases and energy in Borneo: comparing fluxes over oil palm plantations and a rainforest." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1582 (November 27, 2011): 3196–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0055.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper reports measurements of land–atmosphere fluxes of sensible and latent heat, momentum, CO 2 , volatile organic compounds (VOCs), NO, NO 2 , N 2 O and O 3 over a 30 m high rainforest canopy and a 12 m high oil palm plantation in the same region of Sabah in Borneo between April and July 2008. The daytime maximum CO 2 flux to the two canopies differs by approximately a factor of 2, 1200 mg C m −2 h −1 for the oil palm and 700 mg C m −2 h −1 for the rainforest, with the oil palm plantation showing a substantially greater quantum efficiency. Total VOC emissions are also larger over the oil palm than over the rainforest by a factor of 3. Emissions of isoprene from the oil palm canopy represented 80 per cent of the VOC emissions and exceeded those over the rainforest in similar light and temperature conditions by on average a factor of 5. Substantial emissions of estragole (1-allyl-4-methoxybenzene) from the oil palm plantation were detected and no trace of this VOC was detected in or above the rainforest. Deposition velocities for O 3 to the rainforest were a factor of 2 larger than over oil palm. Emissions of nitrous oxide were larger from the soils of the oil palm plantation than from the soils of the rainforest by approximately 25 per cent. It is clear from the measurements that the large change in the species composition generated by replacing rainforest with oil palm leads to profound changes in the net exchange of most of the trace gases measured, and thus on the chemical composition of the boundary layer over these surfaces.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Punanova, S. A. "Trace Elements in Naphthides in Oil and Gas Basins." Doklady Earth Sciences 488, no. 2 (October 2019): 1207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x19100179.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Oluwole, A. F., A. H. M. A. Hannan, L. O. Kehinde, A. B. Borishade, and O. S. Adegoke. "Trace elements in Nigerian oil sands and extracted bitumens." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 110, no. 1 (March 1987): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02055030.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Samedova, F. I., B. A. Guseinova, A. D. Kuliev, and F. Z. Alieva. "Trace elements in crude oil from some new South Caspian oil fields." Petroleum Chemistry 49, no. 4 (July 2009): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965544109040045.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Julika Sitinjak, Janwarisman Purba, and Fatimah. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TRACE METAL FE TERHADAP PENYISIHAN KANDUNGAN PADATAN LIMBAH CAIR KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN REAKTOR HYBRID UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v3i1.1492.

Full text

Abstract:

Research about influence the addition of trace metal Fe against allowance for the solid content of palm oil mill effluent using Hybrid Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor aim to know the additionof trace metal Fe against allowance for the solid content of palm oil mill effluent using HUASB reactor based on removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dan Volatile Suspended Solid (VSS). The reactor isa reactor with a combination of suspended growth reactor in the bottom and attached growth reactor at the top. The material used is palm oil mill effluent and inoculum derived from PKS Pagar Merbau. Test parameters to observed are COD, TSS and VSS. The optimum conditions obtained on the organic load is 17024 mg/l with the addition of Fe is 0.5 mg/l so that obtained COD reduction is 85.891%, TSS reduction is 86.047% and VSS reduction is 36.566%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Punanova, S. A. "Trace elements of naftides of oil- and gas-bearing basin." Доклады Академии наук 488, no. 5 (October 20, 2019): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524885534-538.

Full text

Abstract:

The parameters of the concentration distribution of trace elements in the oil fields of oil and gas basins of the world, their physic-chemical properties, as well as the geological and geochemical features of oil formation in these basins were studied. It is shown that the ontogenesis of hydrocarbons associated with deep tectonic transformations (geodynamic factor) controls not only the placement of naphtides in the sedimentary cover, but also the diversity of their metallogenic specialization. The classification of oils of various ontogenesis zones is given in accordance to the degree of their enrichment of mineral elements and their belonging to the vanadium or nickel metallogenic type. The oil, characterized by primary rich concentrations of trace elements of the main zone of oil formation, and oil with initially low concentrations of trace elements in the zones of early generation are presented. The processes of transformation of the composition of oils in the areas of hypergenesis lead to their enrichment, whereas the oil of the catagenesis zone is depleted in trace elements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Wardhani, Ratna, and Yan Rahadian. "Sustainability strategy of Indonesian and Malaysian palm oil industry: a qualitative analysis." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 12, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 1077–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-07-2020-0259.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose Global palm oil production is growing rapidly, especially in Southeast Asia, with Indonesia and Malaysia as the biggest producers. Despite significant contributions to these countries’ economies, environmental and social aspects continue to be debated within this industry. The sustainability strategy is very important for the palm oil industry. This study aims to explore the sustainability strategy using six elements, namely, stakeholder engagement, governance and leadership, sustainability view and the economic, environmental and social strategies of Indonesian and Malaysian palm oil companies. Design/methodology/approach This study observes 21 Indonesian palm oil companies and 44 Malaysian palm oil companies from 2014 to 2018 with a total observation of 280 firm years. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative content analysis of six themes based on the sustainability strategy elements, which was further developed into 40 indicators. Content analysis is carried out on information published in annual reports and sustainability reports. Findings The study results indicate that stakeholder engagement, governance and leadership and strategic view of the palm oil companies in Indonesia and Malaysia are still likely to be weak. Palm oil companies have not demonstrated their focus on implementing economic, environmental and social strategies. Although the results indicate that there is a greater emphasis on environmental and social strategies than on economic issues, attention to both issues is still very low. Practical implications Palm oil companies need to integrate sustainability strategies in their business models and communicate them well to stakeholders to increase their competitive advantage in the palm oil industry. The government also needs to issue stricter rules and incentives to encourage companies to implement sustainability strategies. Social implications The study results provide implications for the communities around palm oil plantations to provide better social control so that companies can implement sustainability strategies in their business processes. Originality/value This study highlights the importance of sustainability practices integrated into palm oil companies’ business models, which have not been well implemented in the palm oil industry in the world’s largest producing countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Patterson, John H., Leslie S. Dale, John J. Fardy, and Anthony R. Ramsdent. "Characterization of trace elements in Rundle and Condor oil shales." Fuel 66, no. 3 (March 1987): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(87)90086-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Suleman, Nawal M. "The extent of trace metals pollution in fruit dates palm and associated soil of Zilfi Province, Saudi Arabia." Journal of The Faculty of Science and Technology, no. 6 (January 12, 2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/jfst.vi6.602.

Full text

Abstract:

Fruits and vegetables are edible plant products that are good for health, some trace elements concentration (Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and V) which may be found as pollutants in fruit dates palm and agricultural soils at Zilfi Province were determined by using ICP-MS spectrophotometer. The concentrations in mg/kg of the elements under study in agricultural soil were found ranged as follows: Cu(5.8-16.6), Hg(1.4-3), Mn (55.9-506.9), Ni(3.6-48.1), Pb(7.2-184.4), V(82.6-136.5). Four samples (5,6.10 and 11) have been contaminated with lead when we compare these values with the maximum allowable limits for WHO for Pb(100mg/kg). The concentrations in mg/kg of the elements under study in date palm fruit were found, ranged as follows: Cu (1.8-5.3), Hg (0.17-1.4), Mn (2.4-12.6), Ni (0.75-7.6), Pb (1.2-24.7), and V (11.6-17.3). All date samples were found to be contaminated with Mn element except sample (5). The concentrations of Nickel and Lead in all date palm fruits samples show high contamination compared to WHO/FAO limits for these elements. There have been highly pollution of soil and dates grown in the Zilfi Province elements by lead, but the pollution by mercury is only found in dates samples.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Junaedi, Junaedi. "Implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in the Field of Securing Plantation Assets." Journal La Sociale 1, no. 3 (June 20, 2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v1i3.110.

Full text

Abstract:

This article discusses the implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in the Field of Securing Plantation Assets, especially at PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) IV. Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in the area of securing assets in PTPN IV can be measured by the three elements of the legal system, namely: the legal substance (the Forestry Law); its legal structure (Law Enforcement Officials: Forestry and Police PPNS); corporate legal culture. The three systems are interrelated with one another. Systemic law enforcement efforts must pay attention to the elements of the legal system because it is the essence of law enforcement. the findings in the field of plantation crime mode are massive and organized. With regard to theft of oil palm, many people believe that it is often carried out by oil palm ninja (simple crime), but in reality theft by "oil palm ninja" is about 10% to 15% only. In reality, there is an oil palm mafia operating in PTPN IV's estates which holds 85% of these oil thieves. 90% organized / serious crime. The criminal act of theft and embezzlement of oil palm FFB (Fresh fruit bunches) in the PTPN IV area is massive and can be categorized as very critical.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Irvan, Irma Suraya, Hari Tiarasti, Bambang Trisakti, Rosdanelli Hasibuan, and Yoshimasa Tomiuchi. "PEMBUATAN BIOGAS DARI BERBAGAI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 1, no. 1 (September 19, 2012): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v1i1.1405.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Fe level as trace metal on the quantity of biogas produced from the fermentation of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Materials used in this study included POME from one of the palm oil factories belong to PTPN IV, hydrochloric acid, sodium bicarbonate, and trace metal. Observed variables were volume of biogas, concentration of Fe in fermentor, rate of degradation total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS), and CO2at Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) 6 days. Before HRT of 6 days reached, initial trace metal composition of Fe added were 25.2 mg / L, Co 0.42 mg / L and Ni 0.49 mg/ L. After that, composition of trace metal were consisted only Co and Ni. The results of this study showed that Fe as a trace metal did not affect the production or quantity of biogas and concentration Fe on level > 330 mg/L decreased the value of CH4, total solid (TS) and volatil solid (VS). Thus, Fe in the trace metal is no longer required if there is a high content of Fe in POME because it can be toxic for microorganism in the fermentation of biogas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Che Nadzir, Nur Syakira, Mohd Zahari Abdullah, and Fazrul Razman Sulaiman. "Surface water quality in palm oil plantation." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 15, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v15n2019.1102.

Full text

Abstract:

River water that directly connected to palm oil plantation activity has been analysed for concentration of Zn, Pb and Cu and its physicochemical parameters. The samples were collected from 12 sampling points along the river in which located in Jerantut District in Pahang, Malaysia. The metal concentration was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP – OES) in triplicates after gone through chemical treatment. Six physicochemical parameters; temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solid and specific conductance were measured in-situ. The average water temperature was recorded as 28.01°C, 0.02 ppt for salinity, 0.13 mg L-1 for DO, 7.90 for pH, 0.031 mg L-1 for TDS and 51.8 µS cm-1 for conductivity. The mean concentrations of the studied metals were lowered than the standard level proposed by WHO and USEPA for drinking water and ecosystem safety except for Pb. The contamination factor, CF for all elements indicates uncontaminated level at all sampling points. Generally, the study was found that the river was not contaminated with the studied pollutants and the nearby plantation activities do not seriously affected the quality of the studied river.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Singkhala, Apinya, Chonticha Mamimin, Alissara Reungsang, and Sompong O-Thong. "Enhancement of Thermophilic Biogas Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent by pH Adjustment and Effluent Recycling." Processes 9, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050878.

Full text

Abstract:

A sudden pH drops always inhibits the anaerobic digestion (AD) reactor for biogas production from palm oil mill effluent (POME). The pH adjustment of POME by oil palm ash addition and the biogas effluent recycling effect on the preventing of pH drop and change of the archaea community was investigated. The pH adjustment of POME to 7.5 increased the methane yield two times more than raw POME (pH 4.3). The optimal dose for pH adjustment by oil palm ash addition was 5% w/v with a methane yield of 440 mL-CH4/gVS. The optimal dose for pH adjustment by biogas effluent recycling was 20% v/v with a methane yield of 351 mL-CH4/gVS. Methane production from POME in a continuous reactor with pH adjustment by 5% w/v oil palm ash and 20% v/v biogas effluent recycling was 19.1 ± 0.25 and 13.8 ± 0.3 m3 CH4/m3-POME, respectively. The pH adjustment by oil palm ash enhanced methane production for the long-term operation with the stability of pH, alkalinity, and archaea community. Oil palm ash increased the number of Methanosarcina mazei and Methanothermobacter defluvii. Oil palm ash is a cost-effective alkali material as a source of buffer and trace metals for preventing the pH drop and the increased methanogen population in the AD process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Kirana, Nina, Roza Yulida, and Yulia Andriani. "Analysis of Communication of Swadaya Oil Palm Farmers in District of Bagan Sinembah, Rokan Hilir Regency." Journal of Agribusiness and Community Empowerment 4, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32530/jace.v4i1.166.

Full text

Abstract:

This research aims to determine the internal characteristics and external characteristics of the palm oil independent smallholder farmer and communication process (elements of communication) in Bagan Sinembah district, Rokan Hilir Regency. Bagan Sinembah district is a district in Rokan Hilir Regency, where the population of palm oil is cultivated. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of internal and external palm oil independent smallholder farmer as well as the process of communication using the survey method, selection of samples with purposive sampling methods and analysis tools Likert scale and Descriptive analysis. The results showed that the internal characteristics and external characteristics of oil palm farmers in Bagan Sinembah District, Rokan Hilir Regency are in high category (good). While the communication process in this research is seen from the elements of communication consist of extension, group chairman and management of KUD as communicator; The message is about oil palm cultivation techniques, market prices and so on which are summarized in the agribusiness system; Media used for face-to-face meetings (lectures and discussions); Farmers as communfishes; The effect of increasing knowledge, belief and behavioral change; The feedback gained is that the farmer understands with the information provided and applies the information in his venture; Physical environment namely the village hall, APKASINDO office and oil palm plantation land owned by the farmer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Kastori, Rudolf, Imre Kádár, Petar Sekulic, and Tijana Zeremski-Skoric. "Effects of Mo, Zn, Sr and Ba loads on these elements' uptake and oil content and fatty acid composition of rapeseed." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 105 (2003): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0305005k.

Full text

Abstract:

Studied in the present paper were the long-term effects of the application of high Mo, Zn, Sr and Ba rates (0, 90, 270, and 810 kg ha-1 on rapeseed oil content and oil fatty acid composition. The trace elements were applied in the spring of 1991, while the rapeseed was sown on a calcareous ?hernozem soil in 2001. The trace elements differed significantly in their rates of accumulation in rapeseed plants. Relative to the control, the Mo content of the stem increased up to 1,000 times, that of the chaff over 100 times, and that of the seed around 60 times. The levels of the other trace elements increased considerably less relative to the control. The increases were typically twofold to threefold, depending on the plant part involved. The trace elements accumulated the most in the vegetative plant parts, except for Zn, a major quantity of which was found in the seed as well. The application of the high rates of Sr, Zn and, to an extent. Mo reduced the seed oil content of rapeseed. However, the differences were not statistically significant. The application of the trace elements had no significant effect on the fatty acid composition of the rapeseed oil, either. The increased levels of the trace elements found in the rapeseed plants indicate that 11 years after application significant amounts of the applied elements are still present in the soil in a form available to plants. However, the rates were not high enough to affect the synthesis of oil and its fatty acid composition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Filho, Jaire Alves Ferreira, Lucas Soares de Brito, André Pereira Leão, Alexandre Alonso Alves, Eduardo Fernandes Formighieri, and Manoel Teixeira Souza. "In Silico Approach for Characterization and Comparison of Repeats in the Genomes of Oil and Date Palms." Bioinformatics and Biology Insights 11 (January 1, 2017): 117793221770238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177932217702388.

Full text

Abstract:

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements present in almost all eukaryotic genomes. Due to their typical patterns of repetition, discovery, and characterization, they demand analysis by various bioinformatics software. Probably, as a result of the need for a complex analysis, many genomes publicly available do not have these elements annotated yet. In this study, a de novo and homology-based identification of TEs and microsatellites was performed using genomic data from 3 palm species: Elaeis oleifera (American oil palm, v.1, Embrapa, unpublished; v.8, Malaysian Palm Oil Board [MPOB], public), Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm, v.5, MPOB, public), and Phoenix dactylifera (date palm). The estimated total coverage of TEs was 50.96% (523 572 kb) and 42.31% (593 463 kb), 39.41% (605 015 kb), and 33.67% (187 361 kb), respectively. A total of 155 726 microsatellite loci were identified in the genomes of oil and date palms. This is the first detailed description of repeats in the genomes of oil and date palms. A relatively high diversity and abundance of TEs were found in the genomes, opening a range of further opportunities for applied research in these genera. The development of molecular markers (mainly simple sequence repeat), which may be immediately applied in breeding programs of those species to support the selection of superior genotypes and to enhance knowledge of the genetic structure of the breeding and natural populations, is the most notable opportunity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Deelaman, Woranuch, Manoch Lakthandee, Wannisa Inchan, Panupong Srilarat, and Nattha Panthong. "Development Plant Pots from Carbon Powder and Oil Palm Fiber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 866 (June 2017): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.866.176.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this work was to determine the optimum formulation for producing planting pots, by varying ratio of oil palm fiber and carbon powder contents. The decay rate, swelling rate, water absorption and released elements (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) from decay of plant pots were investigated. In addition, the compressive strength of samples was evaluated from compression machine. The results show that the optimum ratio between weight of carbon powder and oil palm fiber for producing plant pots was 315:259. It was found maximum compressive strength is 16.4 kN/cm2.The percentage of the decay rate of samples within 45 days is 26.08 %wt. The rates of swelling for 2 and 24 h are 3.09 and 6.88%, respectively. Moreover, the result of water absorption shows that the percentage of water absorption is 94 %wt. The decomposition of plant pots was found to release the essential elements for plant growth.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Olafisoye, Oladunni. "Synthetic antioxidants and metallic elements as additives/contaminants in virgin palm oil." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology 8, no. 2 (April 25, 2020): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2019.06.260.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

O. A., Babatunde, A. O. Oyewale, and Steve P. I. "Bioavailable Trace Elements in Soils around Nnpc Oil Depot Jos, Nigeria." IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 8, no. 1 (2014): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2402-08114756.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Patterson, John H., Leslie S. Dale, and James F. Chapman. "Partitioning of trace elements during the retorting of Australian oil shales." Fuel 67, no. 10 (October 1988): 1353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(88)90118-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Utami, Amelia Rizqi, S. Solikhun, and I. Irawan. "Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Jenis Bibit Unggul Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Metode Analytic Network Process." Brahmana : Jurnal Penerapan Kecerdasan Buatan 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/brahmana.v2i1.42.

Full text

Abstract:

With the Decision Support System can improve the quality of research to be made. For example, in the selection of superior quality oil palm seeds for the new land planting process. However, in the selection of oil palm seedlings not only in financial terms, but must be seen from a variety of criteria such as weather which is very influential in the process of selecting superior seeds of oil palm and others. If the oil palm seedlings to be selected have met the criteria, the oil palm seedlings will be a good supporting factor. The support system applied in this study is called the Analytic Network Process (ANP). The ANP method is a procedure which is used to make decisions with many interrelated criteria. by using the ANP method, it will produce priority value weighting on all elements contained in the decision making system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Goh, K. C., S. Y. Sim, H. H. Goh, K. Bilal, T. H. Sam, T. Y. Teoh, and J. S. Tey. "Evolution of Precision Agriculture Computing towards Sustainable Oil Palm Industry." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i2.pp725-732.

Full text

Abstract:

Precision technology elements have not been implemented yet into the sustainable oil palm industry because the knowledge and technology gap. To resolve the gaps, promote sustainability and integrate the technologies, Oil Palm Management System (OPAMS) was introduced. The precision technologies in OPAMS comprises of Geographical Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), remote sensing and yield monitoring. A phase by phase System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology was used to generate the said system with feedbacks from oil palm planters as the inputs for OPAMS’s key features. OPAMS ultimately aims to increase the awareness of the industry on the benefits of utilizing technology to improve plantation performances, increase business and environmental sustainability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

JINGRU, B., W. QING, L. SHUYUAN, L. CHUNYU, and G. XIAOHUI. "RESEARCH ON RELEASE OF TRACE ELEMENTS AT RETORTING OF HUADIAN OIL SHALE." Oil Shale 25, no. 1 (2008): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/oil.2008.1.03.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

QING, W., B. JINGRU, G. JIANXIN, W. YAN-ZHEN, and L. SHUYUAN. "GEOCHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTH AND OTHER TRACE ELEMENTS IN CHINESE OIL SHALE." Oil Shale 31, no. 3 (2014): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/oil.2014.3.06.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Bonneau, Xavier, Reinout Impens, and Maxwell Buabeng. "Optimum oil palm planting density in West Africa." OCL 25, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): A201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2017060.

Full text

Abstract:

This article follows on from an earlier one about the same experiment in 2014. A range of various planting distances (from 7.5 to 9.5 metres) between oil palms was tested using an equilateral triangle design. The current planting density experiment was set up in an oil palm plantation in Nigeria. The climatic conditions are quite stable, with two seasons and around 2000 mm of annual rainfall. The soil is of the desaturated ferralitic type, sandy on the surface, deep and without coarse elements. After twelve years of continual monitoring and extrapolation of the results obtained up to the end of the cycle, we concluded on an optimum planting density of between 143 and 160 oil palms per hectare in a monospecific, equilateral triangle planting design (i.e. a distance of 8.5 to 9 metres between palms). It will take another few years of yield recording to fine-tune the result. For 12-year-old palms, this density range corresponds to a Leaf Area Index of 3.5 to 4, a light interception percentage of 89 to 90 and a foliage overlap percentage of 51 to 68. A thinning treatment was included in the protocol. Thinning at eight years has not led to any advantage after four years.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

MacKenzie, A. R., B. Langford, T. A. M. Pugh, N. Robinson, P. K. Misztal, D. E. Heard, J. D. Lee, et al. "The atmospheric chemistry of trace gases and particulate matter emitted by different land uses in Borneo." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1582 (November 27, 2011): 3177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0053.

Full text

Abstract:

We report measurements of atmospheric composition over a tropical rainforest and over a nearby oil palm plantation in Sabah, Borneo. The primary vegetation in each of the two landscapes emits very different amounts and kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), resulting in distinctive VOC fingerprints in the atmospheric boundary layer for both landscapes. VOCs over the Borneo rainforest are dominated by isoprene and its oxidation products, with a significant additional contribution from monoterpenes. Rather than consuming the main atmospheric oxidant, OH, these high concentrations of VOCs appear to maintain OH, as has been observed previously over Amazonia. The boundary-layer characteristics and mixing ratios of VOCs observed over the Borneo rainforest are different to those measured previously over Amazonia. Compared with the Bornean rainforest, air over the oil palm plantation contains much more isoprene, monoterpenes are relatively less important, and the flower scent, estragole, is prominent. Concentrations of nitrogen oxides are greater above the agro-industrial oil palm landscape than over the rainforest, and this leads to changes in some secondary pollutant mixing ratios (but not, currently, differences in ozone). Secondary organic aerosol over both landscapes shows a significant contribution from isoprene. Primary biological aerosol dominates the super-micrometre aerosol over the rainforest and is likely to be sensitive to land-use change, since the fungal source of the bioaerosol is closely linked to above-ground biodiversity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Hasnan, Nurul Hazirah Aina, Najmiddin Yaakob, Muhammad Nadzmi Abu Kassim, and Umie Amira Mohd Noh. "Significance of Oxirane Rings in Epoxidized Palm Oil and Effects on the Coating Performance: Comparison between Epoxidized Unripe Palm Oil and Epoxidized Used Cooking Oil towards Adhesion Performance." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 4 (June 10, 2020): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.46619.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, epoxy coatings made up from petroleum-based epoxy resin mixed with two different types of palm oils were prepared and compared. The commercial epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) were formulated with epoxidized unripe palm oil (EPO) and another one with epoxidized used cooking oil (ECO) at four different ratios (0:100, 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70). The EPO and ECO were prepared through generated in situ of performic acid (HCOOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by a fixed molar ratio of 1:5:4 mol/mol (EPO/ECO: HCOOH:H2O2). The reaction took place at constant temperature (45 °C) with continuous stirring for 150 min to obtain 95.5% oxirane conversion with 90.0% yield. The EPO and ECO were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. X-Cut and Cross-Cut methods were used in the test performance of adhesion strength. The results obtained from adhesion test for EPO were good as the coatings only experienced small trace of peeling. On the other hand, only minimal performances were obtained from the ECO coated metal. This was due to the presence of oxirane in EPO as compared to that of in ECO. EPO has a potential to replace petroleum-based resin in epoxy coating formulation according to its remarkable performances.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Trisakti, Bambang, Fatimah Batubara, Hiroyuki Daimon, and Irvan . "The Minimum Requirements for Nickel and Cobalt as Trace Metals in Thermophilic Biogas Fermentation of Palm Oil Mill Effluents." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 3 (May 4, 2018): 1278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340311.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper reports the minimum requirements of nickel and cobalt as trace metals in the formation of biogas from the digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Anaerobic digestion was conducted in a two-liter continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and operated at a thermophilic condition of 55oC. As raw material, a non-treated liquid waste from the mills was used. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the digesters was preserved at six days. The results come to the conclusion that the decrease of trace metals concentration didn’t influence the total solid, volatile solid concentration and also M-alkalinity. Based on the analyzed parameter, the reduction of trace metals concentration up to 97% of the initial nickel and cobalt concentration, 0.49 and 0.42 mg/L for nickel and cobalt, still allows the fermentation to obtain optimum biogas production, where the 90% reduction of trace metals produced the average volume of biogas 10.5 L/day at the rate of VS degradation 52-53%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Zhang, Li Ping, Qing Hai Deng, Rong Shu Zeng, Nan Jiang, and Jie Liang. "Migration of Trace Elements in Fushun Oil Shale during Self-Combustion and its Environmental Significance." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.933.

Full text

Abstract:

Self-combustion of oil shale has been occurring and widespread in a long term while oil shale was considerably piled in Fushun dumping sites. After collecting samples of high- and low-grade oil shale from Fushun West Open Mine, the self-combusted oil shale from Fushun West Dumping Site, and designing the indoor high-temperature incineration experiments to simulate the self- combustion process, we tested trace elements in them and their ashes of 700°C, 1000°C by means of ICP-MS. Based on the analysis and comparison of the test dada, we studied content characteristics and migration pattern of elements during self-combustion. The results showed that elements were distributed in the similar way in samples and contents of Zr, Sr, Cr, V, Zn, Ni, Rb and Li were very high. A large amounts of trace elements were found to enter the atmosphere through volatilization in the process of Self-combustion, especially those higher volatile elements, such as Sb, Zn, Pb, W, Sn, Ta and Cd, while a few elements preferred to concentrate in solid-phase ashes. Different distribution and migration capacities of elements might be the main reason for the higher concentration of some elements in self-combusted oil shale than their background values in Liaoning soil.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Guéguen, C., C. W. Cuss, and S. Cho. "Snowpack deposition of trace elements in the Athabasca oil sands region, Canada." Chemosphere 153 (June 2016): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.020.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

López, L., S. Lo Mónaco, and M. Richardson. "Use of molecular parameters and trace elements in oil-oil correlation studies, Barinas sub-basin, Venezuela." Organic Geochemistry 29, no. 1-3 (January 1998): 613–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0146-6380(98)00084-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Mohammed, Faez A. E., Rahma Bchitou, Mohamed Boulmane, Ahmed Bouhaouss, and Dominique Guillaume. "Modeling of the Distribution of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Argan Forest Soil and Parts of Argan Tree." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 1 (January 2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800105.

Full text

Abstract:

The transfer of heavy metals and trace elements from argan forest soil into the wood, leaves, almonds, and argan oil was studied. Analyzed metals were: chromium, cadmium, copper, zinc, lead, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium. Correlations linking different behaviors of the studied heavy metals and trace elements observed by multidimensional analysis were attributed to partial-spatial variations. Whereas the RV-coefficient of wood, leaf, almond and oil groups was high, the soil group correlated poorly with the other groups.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Li, Miaoling, Zirui Liu, Jing Chen, Xiaojuan Huang, Jingyun Liu, Yuzhu Xie, Bo Hu, Zhongjun Xu, Yuanxun Zhang, and Yuesi Wang. "Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Metallic Elements in PM2.5 at Urban and Suburban Sites in Beijing: Implication of Emission Reduction." Atmosphere 10, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10030105.

Full text

Abstract:

To gain insights into the impacts of emission reduction measures on the characteristics and sources of trace elements during the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit, PM2.5 samples were simultaneously collected from an urban site and a suburban site in Beijing from September 15th to November 12th, and fifteen metallic elements were analyzed, including five crustal elements (Mg, Al, K, Ca and Fe), nine trace metals (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd and Pb) and As. Most of the trace metals (V, Cr, Mn, As, Cd and Pb) decreased more than 40% due to the emission regulations during APEC, while the crustal elements decreased considerably (4–45%). Relative to the daytime, trace metals increased during the nighttime at both sites before the APEC summit, but no significant difference was observed during the APEC summit, suggesting suppressed emissions from anthropogenic activities. Five sources (dust, traffic exhaust, industrial sources, coal and oil combustion and biomass burning) were resolved using positive matrix factorization (PMF), which were collectively decreased by 30.7% at the urban site and 14.4% at the suburban site during the APEC summit. Coal and oil combustion regulations were the most effective for reducing the trace elements concentrations (urban site: 63.1%; suburban site: 52.0%), followed by measures to reduce traffic exhaust (52.8%) at the urban site and measures to reduce biomass burning (37.7%) at the suburban site. Our results signify that future control efforts of metallic elements in megacities like Beijing should prioritize coal and oil combustion, as well as traffic emissions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Xiang, Xiao Jun, Wei Wei Jiao, Li Jun Cheng, and Yue Zhao. "Application of Rare Earth Elements in the Study of Oil-Source Correlation in the Tarim Basin, China." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.340.

Full text

Abstract:

Oil-source correlation is the key to trace hydrocarbon accumulation process and predict reservoir position. Under the complicated accumulation conditions, multiplicity of traditional organic geochemistry index takes great difficulty to detail oil-source correlation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to try a new way to investigate hydrocarbon accumulation. Fingerprint of trace elements was was used to oil-source correlation in this paper. Its applicability was discussed in Tazhong Area in Tarim Basin, which was the typical complex superimposed basin in west China. The result indicated that crude oil from the Ordovician in Tazhong Area was characterized by mixed sources. The contributions of individual sources differed from formation to formation and from block to block. The study result is consistent with that of traditional organic geochemistry analysis. Application of trace elements as indicators is an effective method to oil-source correlation under the complicated conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Wyszkowski, Mirosław, Jadwiga Wyszkowska, Agata Borowik, and Natalia Kordala. "Sewage Sludge as a Tool in Limiting the Content of Trace Elements in Avena sativa L. on the Soil Polluted with Diesel Oil." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14144003.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of soil contamination with diesel oil (0; 5; 10 and 15 cm3 kg−1 of soil) on the content of trace elements in the aboveground parts of oat (Avena sativa L.). Stabilised sewage sludge was used to mitigate the likely negative impact of diesel oil on the plant. Growing soil contamination with diesel oil had a significant impact on the content of trace elements in the aboveground biomass of oat. In the series without sewage sludge, the contents of the analysed elements, except for chromium, zinc, copper and cobalt, were positively correlated with the increasing doses of diesel oil. The largest increase in the content was recorded in the case of manganese. The sewage sludge used to reduce the influence of diesel oil on the chemical composition of oat had a positive effect on the content of the analysed trace elements. Compared to the series without the addition of a stabilised sewage sludge, it contributed to a reduction in the average content of chromium, nickel, copper, manganese and cobalt in the aboveground parts of oat plants. No significant effect of the applied remediation treatment was noted for cadmium, and the results were equivocal for iron.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Zhou, Lixia, and Rajesh Yarra. "Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Family Genes in Oil Palm under Abiotic Stress Conditions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 2821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062821.

Full text

Abstract:

The AP2/ERF transcription factor family members play crucial roles in controlling plant growth and development, as well as responses to various abiotic stresses. Genome-wide identification and characterization of AP2/ERF genes has not yet been carried out in the oil palm genome. In the present work, we reported the occurrence of 172 EgAP2/ERFs (AP2, ERF, RAV & Soloist members) through genome-wide identification. Phylogenetic analysis was used to divide them into four groups, including: 34 AP2, 131 ERF, 5 RAV, and 2 Soloist gene family members. All 172 AP2/ERF members were unevenly distributed across 16 chromosomes of oil palm. Gene duplication analysis elucidated the tandem duplication of AP2/ERFs on chromosome blocks of the oil palm genome during evolution. Gene structure as well as conserved motif analysis demonstrated the conserved nature of intron/exon organization and motifs among the AP2/ERF genes. Several cis-regulatory elements—related to hormone, stress, and defense responses—were identified in the promoter regions of AP2/ERFs. Tissue-specific expression of 172 AP2/ERFs in five different tissues of oil palm was also revealed by heatmap analysis using the available transcriptome data. Finally, abiotic stress (salinity, cold & drought)-responsive AP2/ERFs in the oil palm genome were validated through qPCR analysis. Our study provided valuable information on oil palm AP2/ERF superfamily members and dissected their role in abiotic stress conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Donkor, Kingsley K., Byron Kratochvil, and M. John M. Duke. "Estimation of the fines content of Athabasca oil sands using instrumental neutron activation analysis." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-062.

Full text

Abstract:

Knowledge of the "fines" or clay-rich mineral fraction is necessary for the efficient extraction of bitumen from bulk oil sands, and has environmental implications in tailings disposal. Current methods for estimating the fines in oil sand are laborious and of questionable accuracy. We propose here their estimation directly in bulk oil sand by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of the trace and major elements determinable. Correlations between fines content and individual elements fall in the range of 0.80 to 0.81 for dysprosium, samarium, and europium, and 0.75 to 0.77 for sodium, potassium, aluminum, and titanium. These results follow the expected geochemical relationships between major and trace elements and the mineral fraction of the oil sands. Principal component analysis (PCA) using a combination of elements gave correlations with fines content no better than those obtained from individual elements. However, the PCA approach can be considered more robust. Advantages of INAA over conventional methods to estimate the fines content of unprocessed oil sand include minimal sample preparation (including elimination of the use of organic solvents), rapid turnaround time, and the potential for automation. Key words: instrumental neutron activation analysis, oil sand, elemental correlations, fines.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Palm oil Trace elements'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles