Journal articles: 'Palm products'

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De Costa, Devika M., Katsunori Suzuki, and Kazuo Yoshida. "Structural and Functional Analysis of a Putative Gene Cluster for Palatinose Transport on the Linear Chromosome of Agrobacterium tumefaciens MAFF301001." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 7 (April 1, 2003): 2369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.7.2369-2373.2003.

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ABSTRACT We identified a putative pal gene cluster (palR, palE, palF, palG, palK, palA, and palB) in the plant-tumorigenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens MAFF301001; by sequencing analyses, this cluster was found to be involved in palatinose transport, and its functional importance was revealed by mutational analyses. The pal gene products were highly homologous to those of putative trehalose/maltose ABC-type transport systems but were not essential to bacterial growth on trehalose. Insertion mutations in the palK and palE genes showed the necessity of these genes for bacterial growth and chemotaxis with palatinose as the carbon source, but no inhibition of tumorigenesis was observed. Growth on trehalose and maltose was not influenced by the mutations.

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Rindayatno, Finsya Annisa Cahya Shafiera, Baktiriani Banda Padang, Apriyanti Nugrahaningrum, and Agus Nur Fahmi. "Characteristics of Charcoal Briquettes, Activated Charcoal, and Liquid Smoke from Palm Shells (Elais Guineensis Jacq)." Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research 1, no. 7 (December 28, 2022): 1199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v1i7.2192.

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This study contains three products made from palm shells, namely charcoal briquettes, activated charcoal, and liquid smoke. Aims to know and analyze the characteristics of the three products. Charcoal briquettes are made by printing palm shell charcoal powder and then testing for density, moisture content, compressive toughness, volatile matter, ash content, bound carbon content, and heating value. Activated charcoal uses shell charcoal powder which is activated by soaking for 5 hours in 5% hydrochloric acid (HCl) then tested for its adsorption on spills of used lubricant. Liquid smoke from oil palm shells is obtained by pyrolysis process and multilevel purification and then the yield, pH value, specific gravity, and color are measured. Palm shell charcoal briquettes had the following values: density 0.691 g/cm3, moisture content 4.935%, compressive strength 13.444 kg/cm2, volatile matter content 42.700%, ash content 3.000%, bonded carbon content 62.200% and heating value 6070.667 cal/ g. Palm shell activated charcoal has the ability to adsorb used lubricants up to 1.505 times stronger than activated charcoal with a bonded carbon content of 90.667%. Grade 3 palm shell liquid smoke produces a yield of 12.61%, a pH of 3.58, a specific gravity of 1.004, and a dark brown color. Grade 2 produces 8.91% yield, pH 3.24, specific gravity 1.004, and yellow color. Grade 1 produces 6.30% yield, pH 2.99, specific gravity 1.001, and pale yellow color

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Go, You-How, and Wee-Yeap Lau. "Palm oil spot-futures relation: Evidence from unrefined and refined products." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 3 (March 19, 2019): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/31/2018-agricecon.

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This study examines the palm oil spot-futures relation in terms of mean and volatility spillovers from 2010 to 2018. Based on the cross-correlation function of standardised residuals and its squared residuals, our results show: first, crude palm oil (CPO) futures returns Granger cause refined palm oil, palm stearin and palm olein spot returns. Second, refined palm kernel oil spot returns Granger cause crude palm kernel oil futures returns in mean and variance. Third, CPO spot and refined palm olein futures returns are independent; and fourth, there is volatility spillover from CPO futures market to refined palm oil spot market within longer time. These findings suggest that refiners can use CPO futures returns instead of crude palm kernel oil futures returns for predicting the future spot return of refined palm oil products. To lock in purchasing price of unrefined palm oil products, the producers can rely on the spot volatility to decide the optimal number of crude palm kernel oil futures contracts.

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BASIRON, Yusof. "New Palm-Based Products." Journal of Oleo Science 50, no. 5 (2001): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos.50.295.

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Yap, Peck Hong, J. M. de Man, and L. de Man. "Polymorphism of palm oil and palm oil products." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 66, no. 5 (May 1989): 693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02669954.

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Arhian, V., S. Herumurti, H. Maulana, and E. Baliarti. "Development of Palm Oil Plantation By-products in Sintang District to Support SISKA Program and Environmental Health." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1360, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1360/1/012038.

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Abstract The study aims to explore the potential of utilizing palm oil plantation by-products, such as fronds, palm oil mill effluent (POME), and palm sludge, in the cattle palm integration program. The objective is to optimize the use of these by-products. The research area covers 18,600 hectares with a palm oil mill capacity of 60 tons FFB/hour. The plantation produces 20,944 tons of fronds per hectare annually, with 136 planting trees per hectare. The Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) has an inlet BOD of 25,000 - 35,000 mg/liter and inlet COD of 35,000 - 45,000 mg/liter. The palm sludge produced is 11,904 tons per year. All the remaining by products from palm oil plantations have the potential to be used as animal feed ingredients to support the cattle palm integration program (SISKA) to produce green economic cycle in addition to a green environment. However, to achieve this goal, further study is needed.

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Traitler, H., and A. Dieffenbacher. "Palm oil and palm kernel oil in food products." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 62, no. 2 (February 1985): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02541414.

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Arsyad, Muhammad, Achmad Amiruddin, Suharno Suharno, and Siti Jahroh. "Competitiveness of Palm Oil Products in International Trade: An Analysis between Indonesia and Malaysia." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 35, no. 2 (April 24, 2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v35i2.41091.

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The supply of palm oil products is still a central issue in international trade. Indonesia and Malaysia are major suppliers, contributing around 85% of world palm oil. Hence, both countries have an important role, as well as competing with each other in international trade. The palm oil products usually in high demand worldwide include Crude Palm Oil (CPO), which is the main and its derivative products such as Refined Bleached Deodorized (RBD) palm olein and Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD). Therefore, the research aims at assessing the competitiveness of palm oil products between Indonesia and Malaysia in international trade. The Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and products mapping methods were used in this assessment. The results show that, the value of RCA of Indonesian CPO showed a negative trend, although, still higher than Malaysia, though with positive trend. However, Indonesian RBD palm olein and PFAD have a positive trend compared with Malaysia. Upon using the method of products mapping, it was found that, the palm oil products of both countries were in group A. This is an indication that the products have comparative advantage and export specialization. Therefore, there is need for strategic policies, in both countries, for supporting oil palm activities at the downstream. This will enhance the production of derivative products with the capacity of also meeting demands in the international trade.

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Assian, Ubong, Joseph Okoko, Folarin Alonge, Unwana Udoumoh, and Precious Ehiomogue. "Development of sustainable products from oil palm towards enhancing national food security: A review." Poljoprivredna tehnika 47, no. 1 (2022): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2201015a.

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Increasing threat insecurity of food production in Nigeria is perceived in almost all parts and areas of the national food production. Food insecurity seems to be a global challenge that has a lot to do with surge in energy demand, population growth, climate change and competition for land, food and water. The rural settlements are more prone to irregular food supply, malnutrition, and low quality foods, high cost of food items and even widespread lack of food. This has created a serious concern towards national food security. However, the availability of agricultural and food products could mitigate this menace. So, in an attempt to arrest this situation, this paper presents a review of the development of some sustainable products from oil palm towards enhancing national food security. In a nutshell, it highlights the overview of oil palm tree, its classification, current and future mechanization, processing of oil palm fruit from the bunch to crude palm kernel oil extraction and other by-products, application of the products; and production capacity of palm oil from 2010 to 2020 in Nigeria. Besides, nutritional composition of palm oil and palm kernel oil, rationale for the use of oil palm and its derivatives in the development of sustainable food and allied products are also discussed. Furthermore, concept of sustainable palm oil, some food products made from palm oil and its functional attributes; and the development of some selected food products with palm oil as one of the major ingredients are also highlighted.

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Ardian Rahmat Irawan Sinaga, Taufiq Nur, and Indra Surya. "Aspen Plus Simulation Analysis on Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Recycling System into Bioethanol." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 109, no. 1 (October 16, 2023): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.109.1.4150.

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Indonesia is one of the largest exporting countries for palm oil production globally. In 2018, the country had a plantation area of 14.3 Million Ha, with palm Oil Production (Crude Palm Oil) of 40.5 million tons. It generates large amounts of waste, such as Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), empty fluid bunch (EFB), fiber, and shells. POME has an organic content and contains carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Generally, the POME by-products from palm oil mills in North Sumatra Province are processed using an Anaerobic treatment before environmental release. This method still disposes of pond waste. It produces CH4 and bad smells in the environment. This research uses Aspen Plus software to analyze converting the POME into bioethanol renewable energy that reduces environmental pollution caused by POME. Bioethanol production is processed biologically by fermentation. Based on the analysis of simulation, 10 L tons/day POME can produce main products 0.187 L Ton/day bioethanol with the content of up to 41.95% C2H5OH, 9.29% H2O, and 48.76% CO2, and by-products of 9.823 L Ton/day with the content of 99.7% H2O.

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Fatimah, M. Sayuti, and Elsa Putri Pertiwi. "Quality control of palm kernel oil using Individual Moving Range (I-MR) chart." MATEC Web of Conferences 204 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820401006.

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Quality is one of the issues that requires special attention in the operation of a company since it can affect the relationship between producers and consumers as well as reduce the company’s losses. PT. Z is a company that mainly produces Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Palm Kernel Oil (PKO). The problem that often occurs in this factory is that the quality of processed palm kernel is under the set standard of the company, especially palm kernel products, resulting in a loss for the company indirectly. To minimize the loss, the quality control must be conducted. The purpose of this research is to control the quality of palm kernel by using individual moving range (I-MR) chart. From the research result, it is found that the level of impurities in the palm kernel products still require control because the value was above the company's provision which is ≤ 6 while the research result was > 6.

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S. Sadakathulla. "NEEM PRODUCTS AGAINST COCONUT INSECT PESTS." CORD 9, no. 02 (June 1, 1993): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v9i02.270.

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Three field experiments were conducted to find out the efficacy of neem products against the damage of rhinoceros beetle to coconut palm and termite damage to coconut palm and plaited leaves. The application of cither neem seed powder + sand (1:2) or neem seed kernel powder + sand (1:2) @ 150 g mixture per palm in the bases of three leaf axils in the crown, were found more effective against rhinoceros damage. Spraying of neem oil 5% or neem seed kernel extract 20% from the base and up to, 2 m height on the truck protected the palm from termites. Spraying with copper sulphate 1% and‑then neem oil 5% or copper sulphate 1% and then neem seed kernel extract 20% on plaited coconut leaves was found efficacious in protecting plaited coconut leaves for more than six months even when the plaited leaves were kept on the bare ground having persistent live termite colony throughout the year.

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Aubrey, Mei Li Lee, Clament Fui Seung Chin, Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan, Fook Yee Chye, Huei Hong Lee, and Mohd Rashid Mohd Rakib. "Conversion of Oil Palm By-Products into Value-Added Products through Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Cultivation." Horticulturae 8, no. 11 (November 6, 2022): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111040.

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The oyster mushroom (Pleurotus species) is a popular and widely cultivated edible mushroom that can be found worldwide, including in Malaysia. However, its local production is unable to fulfil the market demand, partly due to the limited availability of rubber wood sawdust (RWS) as the conventional cultivation substrate. Furthermore, the palm oil industry in Malaysia generates large volumes of organic by-products that have caused environmental concerns. Therefore, the potential utilisation of oil palm waste-based substrates in order to develop a substitute RWS for Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom production is evaluated in this study, based on their agronomic performance and nutritional properties. Empty fruit bunches (EFBs), oil palm fronds (OPFs), and oil palm trunks (OPTs) were used to formulate the substrates. The control used was 100% RWS. Generally, 100% EFB showed a better agronomic performance, and mushroom growth was 1.9 times faster compared to the control, with a comparable mushroom yield. The crude protein and beta glucan content of mushrooms grown on oil palm by-product-formulated substrates were significantly higher than those grown using the control. Additionally, the number of fruiting bodies, crude protein, and beta glucan content of the mushrooms were positively correlated with potassium in the substrate. Therefore, 100% EFB could be used as a potential substitute for RWS for the cultivation and production of P. ostreatus.

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Akaike, Yoshiteru. "Other oleochemical uses: Palm oil products." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 62, no. 2 (February 1985): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02541401.

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Kheiri, M. S. A. "Palm oil products in cooking fats." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 62, no. 2 (February 1985): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02541413.

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Purbaningsih, Yuli, Helviani Helviani, Ahmad Tarmizi Abdul Karim, and Andri Estining Sejati. "Palm Sugar Value Addition in Palm Sugar Agroindustry." SOCA: Jurnal Sosial, Ekonomi Pertanian 16, no. 3 (November 22, 2022): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/soca.2022.v16.i03.p02.

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The existence of agroindustry in rural areas is expected to increase the demand for agricultural products and play a role in converting agricultural products into value-added goods. The purpose of this study is to determine the value addition and efficiency of the sugar palm agro-industry in Tinggo village, Tanggetada district, Kolaka regency. The data analysis method used is Hayami's value-added analysis and R/C ratio analysis. The results showed that the added value of sugar palm was Rp 1.750/unit, which means that the income of actors in the sugar palm agribusiness increased by an additional Rp 1.750/unit. And the value of the R/C ratio is 1.73, which means the palm sugar agroindustry is feasible to develop.

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Ginting, Simon Petrus, K. Simanihuruk, A. Tarigan, and K. R. Pond. "Nutritional Support for Small Ruminant Development Based on Oil Palm By-products." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 28, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v28i4.1919.

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Biomass by-products or plant residues from the plantation system would play a crucial role in animal production since the utilization of forages from the underneath tree crops would be less or minimal when the palm oil crop mature. By-products generated from the palm oil system vary, but in relation to the animal production they could be generally categorized into the fibrous by-products and the non-fibrous (concentrate) by-products. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm kernel cake (PKC) are concentrate by-products produced during the processing of palm oil extraction which have great potency to support sheep and goat production, although limiting factors such as contamination of shell and high copper level in PKC need to be considered in their utilization as feed. The fibrous palm oil by-products include oil palm fronds (OPF) and oil palm trunk (OPT) generated from the palm crop trees and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and palm pressed fiber (PPF) generated from processing of fresh fruits to yield crude oil. These fibrous by-products cannot meet the metabolisable energy required for high growth rate and for lactation of sheep and goats due to low DM digestibility, low crude protein content, low fermentable carbohydrate and low level of intake. Limited inclusion level in ration should be applied for those by-products to yield an acceptable production level of sheep and goats. Pretreatments (physical, chemical, and biological) gave some improvement in their nutritional qualities, however additional cost of pretreatments need to be considered. In the future, there would be a great challenge for the utilization of those fibrous by-products as animal feed since bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials to products such as chemicals (bioethanol, sugar, and bioplastic), fuels, and organic fertilizers are receiving greater interest. Some comparative advantages of these natural wastes are their relatively low cost, renewable and widespread in nature for used in an industrial operation.

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Suroso, Arif Imam. "The Effect of Logistics Performance Index Indicators on Palm Oil and Palm-Based Products Export: The Case of Indonesia and Malaysia." Economies 10, no. 10 (October 20, 2022): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10100261.

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Palm oil is one of the most traded vegetable oils in the global market due to its versatile usage and having a lower price than competitor products. Trade is related to logistics performance as it connects the exporter and importer countries; thus, improving the indicators of logistics also improves the performance of trade, especially in agricultural export. Currently, no study has revealed the effect of logistics performance on palm oil export by considering all the indicators. This study investigates the impact of all the indicators of the logistics performance index on palm oil and palm-based products. Using a panel data regression approach, the extended gravity model is applied in this study to examine Indonesia and Malaysia as the leading exporters of palm oil and palm-based products. The results reveal that all the Logistics Performance Index indicators affect palm oil and palm-based products export in Indonesia and Malaysia. The critical indicators of the Logistics Performance Index in Indonesia are timeliness and tracking and tracing. However, competence and quality of trade infrastructure are the main indicators of Malaysia's palm oil and palm-based products. The future direction of this research is to explore other agricultural commodities and extend the period of the analysis.

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Nor Aini, Idris, and Mat Sahri Miskandar. "Utilization of palm oil and palm products in shortenings and margarines." European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 109, no. 4 (April 2007): 422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200600232.

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Pamornnak, Burawich, Somchai Limsirorattana, and Mitchai Chongcheawchamnan. "Oil Extraction Rate Determination Technique Based on Dielectric Constant of Palm Fruit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.498.

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Since oil palm fruit produces highest yields per cultivated area and its product can be used for many consumer products, it will thus significantly impact to the global economics. This paper proposes a simple technique to determine oil extraction rate of palm fruit. Based on the dielectric constant measurement at microwave frequency, oil extraction rate of palm fruit is found to be inversly proportional to dielectric constant of the palm fruit. This leads to a mathematical model for determining OER in palm fruit. Validity of the model capability for determining OER is proven by predicintg OER of several palm fruit samples. The technique can achieves accuracy of 95.63% for OER determination.

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Hinkes, Cordula, and Inken Christoph-Schulz. "No Palm Oil or Certified Sustainable Palm Oil? Heterogeneous Consumer Preferences and the Role of Information." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 7257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187257.

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Public concerns about the adverse effects of palm oil production and consumption have contributed both to the development of certification standards for sustainable palm oil and to the promotion of palm-oil-free products. While research on consumer preferences for palm oil is growing, potential trade-offs between these two options—products containing certified palm oil versus palm-oil-free products—are still largely unexplored. Focusing on this research gap, a discrete choice experiment involving chocolate cookies was implemented as part of a web survey among consumers in Germany. Results indicate that consumers on average prefer palm-oil-free cookies, although a latent class analysis identifies several consumer segments that differ in terms of preferences, attitudes, and characteristics. Many respondents are highly price-sensitive. After the provision of additional information, stated preferences for certified palm oil increase, but four out of five consumer segments still prefer palm-oil-free products. Prevailing health concerns and a potential lack of trust in certification might explain this choice behavior. As alternatives to palm oil are not necessarily more sustainable, initiatives supporting the uptake of certified sustainable palm oil should be further strengthened. Targeted information campaigns might be a suitable instrument to raise awareness and increase knowledge about palm oil.

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Siboukeur, Abdellah, Abdelhafid Sebihi, Abdelhakim Senoussi, and Souad Babahani. "The organs of the date palm: an ecologically clean raw material for human use in the Algerian Sahara." Lebanese Science Journal 22, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22453/lsj-022.1.001-021.

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The region of Ouargla, located in the south-east of Algeria, is one of the main dateproducing areas. Date palm is a source for and various products. It produces, every year, dates that are, traditionally, considered as a basic food for the local community as well as a commercial product. This phoenicicole biomass is also used for different purposes (building, heating, fodder, cooking, agriculture, therapy and cosmetics). This study aims to value the products of oasis land, through date palms products, and to endeavor to highlight the economic importance of these products and their uses in order to consider strategies for developing this patrimony. Nine sites are retained for investigation. They represent localities which are notorious for having kept, so far, knowledge and know-how in the use of dates as well as other organs of the date palm, and where these products are likely integrated in the socio-economic life of their populations. The aim is to determine the raw material of production, the uses of the date palm organs, dates’ fields of usage and the importance of the products derived from the phoenicicol mass in the commercial environment. We noticed that the organs of the date palm, which are considered as a raw material, are available in a considerable tonnage. An important range of sub-products is derived from the date palm. It is used in basket-making (utensils, cabinetmaking, and garden-work material) and as a livestock aliment with high economic revenue. Besides, these organs (palms, spines, petiole, seeds, sap, pollen…) are used in making medicinal and cosmetic products. All in all, these products are biological and start making their place in modern trade, which might give a new dynamic to the local and national economy.

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Borrello, Massimiliano, Azzurra Annunziata, and Riccardo Vecchio. "Sustainability of Palm Oil: Drivers of Consumers’ Preferences." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 4, 2019): 4818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184818.

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In recent years, the public debate on the health and sustainability of palm oil and its use by food industries has strongly influenced consumer choices. Consequently, palm oil-free products have asserted their image as healthier and more sustainable food products. The current paper contributes to the extant knowledge on consumers’ perception of palm oil, particularly concerning preferences for food products carrying a “palm oil-free” label on their packaging. A web survey with a sample of 291 individuals was performed. Determinants of consumers’ preferences towards the “palm oil-free” label were estimated with an ordered logistic model using as the dependent variable the purchasing frequency of palm oil-free foods and a set of independent variables. Results show that respondents generally prefer palm oil-free products, perceiving these products as healthier or eco-friendly. Furthermore, individuals are strongly influenced by the available information on these foods that may guide their choices for palm oil-free foods, which may be perceived as cleaner. Findings also highlight the low degree of information on this ingredient, underlining the need for public information and communication campaigns through different media, in order to emphasize that no scientifically proven negative health effect is currently attributed to palm oil consumption.

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M. Tang, Al Gazali, and Ahmad Jumarding. "STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI GULA SEMUT DI DESA MANGKAWANI KABUPATEN ENREKANG." J-ABDI: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 7 (December 1, 2021): 1305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/jabdi.v1i7.452.

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Nira Aren in Mangkawani Village is quite abundant but the community is able to produce printed brown sugar. In addition to the production of printed brown sugar, the community also produces palm sugar in a simple way and drying ant sugar by using sunlight. The service activity aims to help partners as a target group to increase the production of quality ant sugar and also assist the use of ant palm sugar dryers to maintain product quality and be more durable and help how to promote ant sugar products in online media. The service team partnered with KWT Mawar Jingga Mangkawani. The activities carried out are 1) the application of the ant palm sugar drying machine to partners. 2) Guidance and training on product packaging and designing packaging labels. The methods used are: a) procurement of ant palm sugar drying machine b) socialization, training and mentoring. From the results of the service activities, they have produced ant palm sugar products with attractive packaging and support the ant palm sugar production process with the presence of a drying machine.

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Ekawati, Rina, David Ahmad Fattah, Ayu Paramitha, Ilham Abdillah, Mukhsonatin Fauziyah, and Pipit Wijayanti. "Karakteristik kimia milkswit dan krimbrownswit: “inovasi produk olahan berbahan baku palm kernel oil”." Agrointek : Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian 16, no. 1 (February 14, 2022): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/agrointek.v16i1.12111.

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Palm oil produces crude palm oil and palm kernel oil. Palm kernel oil can be processed into an alternative product for Milkswit and Krimbrownswit. Both processed products contain nutrients that are beneficial for health. In addition, Milkswit and Krimbrownswit can also be used as a form of diversification of processed products from palm oil. This study was aimed to identify the chemical characteristics of Milkswit and Krimbrownswit as processed products derived from palm kernel oil. This research was conducted from November 2020 – to January 2021 (3 months) at the Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Yogyakarta State University. This study was laid out in a non-factorial completely randomized design with different treatments. Milkswit used four treatments, namely: without food flavoring (A), adding food flavoring (B), adding food flavoring and cocoa powder (C), and adding food flavoring, chocolate, and milk powder (D). Krimbrownswit used two treatments, namely: without the addition of chocolate and with the addition of chocolate powder. Milkswit and Krimbrownswit treatment was repeated twice. The result showed that Milkswit products with the addition of food flavors, chocolate, and powdered milk (D) gave water, ash, total protein, and vitamin C content higher than Milkswit without the addition of food flavoring and cocoa powder. The content of vitamin C and total protein in Krimbrownswit with the addition of chocolate powder was 14.7 and 3.3 times higher, respectively than Krimbrownswit without the addition of chocolate powder. Both types of Krimbrownswit have a calorie content that accordance with the standard for the List of Food Ingredients by the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia and the water content has accordance with the quality standard of SNI 3541: 2014 for margarine products

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Purnama, Kartika Okta, Dwi Setyaningsih, Erliza Hambali, and Darmono Taniwiryono. "Processing, Characteristics, and Potential Application of Red Palm Oil - A review." International Journal of Oil Palm 3, no. 2 (May 29, 2020): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v3i2.47.

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Crude palm oil (CPO) is produced from the extraction process of palm fruit pulp. Palm oil contains essential components in the form of triglycerides, mostly as fatty acids, namely palmitic acid, oleic, and linoleic. However, palm oil also contains minor phytonutrients, such as carotene, tocopherol, and tocotrienol. Palm oil has been widely used in the food and non-food industries. As a raw material in various products, palm oil undergoes a refinery process to remove unlike free fatty acids (FFA), odors, and colors (reddish to bright yellow). In this process, phytonutrients are degraded and damaged so that the content becomes very low. Phytonutrients in the CPO has not been fully utilized their benefits for human health. One of the palm oil products that contain high phytonutrient compounds is red palm oil. There are two types of red palm oil, namely virgin red palm oil (VRPO) and red palm oil derived from CPO (RPO). VRPO is produced from direct extraction of oil palm fruit, while RPO is produced from the neutralization of CPO and deodorization at low temperatures to reduce FFA levels. Both of these products contain high phytonutrients, such as carotene, tocopherol, and tocotrienol. This paper reviews several studies on the processing, characteristics, and potential use of red palm oil in food and non-food products. The application of red palm oil in margarine as a specific food product has the potential to be further studied.

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Mujib, Achmad, Aji Hermawan, Sugeng Hari Suseno, Danang Aria Nugroho, and Prayoga Suryadarma. "Pelatihan Pembuatan Gula Semut Aren dan Jahe Instan di Desa Botosari, Paninggaran, Pekalongan." Agrokreatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 5, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.5.3.226-231.

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Palm sugar is one of the sweateners which is commonly found in Indonesia. People of Gunung Surat, Botosari Village, Paninggaran, Pekalongan Regency have traditionally produced palm sugar, but the palm sugar is still low quality and sold in bulk. This condition makes the selling value of palm sugar to be low. The aim of the training on making palm sugar and instan ginger beverage was to provide knowledge for the public about the diversification of palm sugar products with high selling value. The implementation of this training was to deliver material and practice of making products. The results of this training was the people of Gunung Surat, Botosari Village, especially members of the palm sugar IKM, know the process of making palm sugar and instant ginger beverage. Through making diversification of palm sugar products, it is expected to be able to increase the income and welfare of the local community.

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Tarigan, Indra Lasmana, Nelson, Nuralang, and Hertanti Dwi Ananda. "PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK KELAPA SAWIT MERAH SEBAGAI SUMBER PANGAN FUNGSIONAL DAN NUTRASETIKAL." Jurnal Khazanah Intelektual 6, no. 2 (August 5, 2022): 1409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37250/newkiki.v6i2.158.

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The utilization of palm oil products in Indonesia is still limited to the production of crude palm oil (CPO) and food products, while palm oil derivative products such as red palm oil (RPO) have not been a concern. RPO consists of palmitate, -tocopherol, oleic, -tocotrienols, linoleate, carotene, -tocotrienol, and -tocotrienol compounds, these compounds act like vitamins and antioxidants. The aim of this article is to examine the potential for developing red palm oil-based products as functional and nutraceutical food products. This article is a review related to palm oil and its derivatives starting from its potential, content of chemical compounds, potential as food and nutraceutical, as well as several processing technologies. We access these articles from various primary sources, especially from journal websites. RPO is a derivative product of CPO processing. RPO has a good nutritional value such as carotene, tocopherol, ticopherol, and tocotrienols. RPO development technology is carried out by adding probiotics and encapsulation technology as functional and nutraceutical food.

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Kek, Yik-Kang, Wing-Hin Lee, and Kumar Sudesh. "Efficient bioconversion of palm acid oil and palm kernel acid oil to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by Cupriavidus necator." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 86, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v08-001.

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Efficient bioconversion of palm oil by-products to green materials serves as a prominent way to overcome wastage. Generally, major palm oil by-products such as palm acid oil (PAO) and palm kernel acid oil (PKAO) are used for animal feed. This pioneer study investigated the ability of Cupriavidus necator H16 (ATCC 17699) (formerly Ralstonia eutropha) to biologically convert these by-products to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)]. P(3HB) was synthesized when PAO or PKAO was fed as the sole carbon source. However, it was found that PKAO is superior with respect to higher amount of P(3HB) accumulation in 48 h (85 wt% of the dry cell mass). In addition, important culture parameters were identified, such as nitrogen sources and ratio of culture volume to flask volume, which significantly affected the P(3HB) content. The nitrogen concentration in the culture medium is very crucial in promoting the biosynthesis of P(3HB). The highest P(3HB) yield (3.1 g/L) was initiated at 4 mmol/L of urea. Less than 0.4 g/L of P(3HB) was obtained when 30.0 mmol/L or higher urea concentrations were used. This study has identified a suitable process to produce high P(3HB) yield from major palm oil by-products. It is also demonstrated that C. necator H16 has suitable metabolic pathways that allow the conversion of palm oil by-products to P(3HB) effectively. Hereby, surplus palm oil by-products can be converted to a relatively high-value and sustainable product.Key words: poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), palm oil, palm acid oil, palm kernel acid oil, Cupriavidus necator.

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Plasek, Brigitta, Zoltán Lakner, Katalin Badak-Kerti, Anikó Kovács, and Ágoston Temesi. "Perceived Consequences: General or Specific? The Case of Palm Oil-Free Products." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 3550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063550.

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Palm oil production and consumption involve several consequences, the perception of which are significant factors that influence consumer behavior. The aim of our research is to explore which health, environmental, or social consequences associated with palm oil influence consumers most in their behavior to avoid palm oil. We examined the three risk types from two approaches: from the viewpoint of generally perceived consequences, and the viewpoint of consequences perceived specifically in relation to palm oil. We collected data through an online consumer survey (n = 336), and we applied the method of structural equation modeling to achieve our research aim. According to our results, depending on the approach, all three consequence types influence consumer purchase intentions. Of them, the perceived effects of palm oil on health have the strongest influence on consumption intent, followed by environmental damage caused by palm oil production. The effect of general health consequences show indirect significance through information seeking, which also indicates the importance of the approach to consequence perception. Indirectly or directly, only general social consequences influence purchase intent. Our research suggests that companies developing palm oil-free products could benefit from a label on the product stating their palm oil-free nature.

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Yusop, Zulkornain, Norashida Othman, and Zineb Abdulaker Benalywa. "Competitiveness of Malaysia’s Palm-Based Finished Products." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 7, no. 19 (March 31, 2022): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i19.3204.

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The palm oil industry is one of the key economic drivers and contributors to Malaysia's national economy. Currently, Malaysian palm oil products are exported to more than 150 countries worldwide. However, the industry faces significant challenges, including labor shortages and declining cultivable lands due to deforestation and environmental degradation concerns. For this purpose, this study aims to assess Malaysia's relative trade competitiveness in palm-based finished products using the Revealed Trade Advantage (RTA). The export of high-value-added downstream products could hopefully help improve the country's export, national income, and overall quality of life. Keywords: Trade Competitiveness; Sustainable Palm Oil; Revealed Trade Advantage; Income Generation. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i19.3204

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Hidayat, Hety Handayani, Siswantoro, and Rahman Fahrul Romadhoni. "Analisis peningkatan nilai tambah agroindustri gula semut kelapa dengan diversifikasi produk." AGROMIX 14, no. 2 (September 29, 2023): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/agx.v14i2.3286.

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Introduction: Coconut palm sugar is a commercial product that continues to experience a trend of progress in both local and global markets. This triggers competition between manufacturers. Therefore, it is necessary to make an effort to diversify products to be able to increase competitiveness. However, this diversification will certainly incur costs, so it is necessary to conduct studies aimed at increasing the added value of coconut palm sugar products with and without iodine fortification and statistically different testing of them. Methods: Value added analysis was conducted using the Hayami method. The increase between coconut palm sugar products and their diversification is calculated from the difference in value add. Then the two groups of products were tested for significant differences with Mann Whitney. Results: from the results of the study it was found that the value add increasing in coconut palm sugar with iodine fortification products was 7% or Rp. 2,086 per kg. In addition, from the results of the Mann Whitney test, it is statistically proven that the value add of the two products is significantly different, where the smallest U value is smaller than the calculated Z value (-1 28.58). Conclusion: Value add and profit can be increased by diversifying coconut palm sugar products into iodine fortified palm sugar.

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Vergura, Donata Tania, Cristina Zerbini, and Beatrice Luceri. "“Palm oil free” vs “sustainable palm oil”: the impact of claims on consumer perception." British Food Journal 121, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 2027–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2019-0020.

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Purpose The palm oil debate has become highly polarised in recent years and is of crucial importance for multinationals and their policies. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the consumers’ response towards product packs communicating this food ingredient in different ways: through “palm oil free” and “with sustainable palm oil” claims or without mentioning it. Design/methodology/approach A mail survey with a sample of 191 consumers was conducted. Respondents were equally and randomly distributed among the experimental conditions. The hypotheses were tested by a between-subjects factorial design. Findings Results revealed that consumer exposed to the “palm oil free” products showed a lower risk perception compared to those exposed to the “with sustainable palm oil” products and to products without claim. Moreover, the product evaluation was better in the “palm oil free” condition compared to the “with sustainable palm oil” condition. No differences emerged in attitude, expected tastiness and willingness to pay. Research limitations/implications The study sheds light on the consumer valuation of palm oil products and provides some useful managerial implications to manufacturers and product managers. Originality/value Results enrich the literature on food claims on pre-packaged foods as the source of information and on consumers’ perception towards palm oil.

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Ummi, N., E. Noor, and M. Romli. "Multi-objective optimization model for determining palm sugar granules production in remanufacturing process using NSGA-II." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1063, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1063/1/012020.

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Abstract Palm sugar products that are damaged or do not meet quality specifications due to sorting have to be immediately processed into other value-added derivative products in the form of palm sugar granules grade B. Determining the amount of palm sugar granules grade B to produce will affect the determination of the raw materials needed. It will also depend on the reliability of suppliers, resellers, and the industry to provide raw materials. This study aims to build a management model of palm sugar remanufacturing by considering the combination of three materials: rejected palm sugar, premium palm sugar, and cane sugar, which can provide optimal value in the remanufacturing process. There are three objectives to be achieved: maximizing total profit, minimizing quality improvement cost, and maximizing reliability. This numerical experiment used ten resellers, four advanced processing industries, three collection centers, three cane sugar suppliers, one SME, and one market. The multi-objective optimization model using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) II method produces the best solution. This model can assist decision-makers in designing an optimal remanufacturing process by combining the addition of materials.

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Yanti, Rina Novia. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Sumber Energi Terbarukan." Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/dli.10.1.p.7-11.

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Indonesia is the world's largest palm oil producer with a land area of 14.3 million as of 2019. With this area, it will produce biomass in the form of replanted stems, midribs, empty palm oil bunches (TKKS), shells and fruit fibers. Biomass waste, including palm oil solid waste, has the potential to be used as raw material for renewable energy or bioenergy. This study aims to utilize palm oil plantation waste into bio oil and bio briquettes. The raw materials used in this study were empty oil palm fruit bunches (TKKS) and palm oil shell waste. Bio oil is made by the pyrolysis process. This research produces pyrolysis products, namely bio oil as a substitute for diesel fuel from EFB waste and from shells to produce bio briquettes. Found in pyrolysis products, namely bio-oil, aromatic compounds, aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds, acid compounds and hydrocarbon compounds. Hydrocarbon compounds are compounds that exist in fuel oil. In OPEFB bio oil, 19 types of hydrocarbon compounds were found. Meanwhile, bio briquettes from oil palm shells produce a calorific value of > 5000 which has met the Indonesian national standard (SNI) 01-6235 in 2000. Meanwhile, the water content value meets the Indonesian National Standard, which is a maximum of 15%.

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Ayodele, Bamidele V., and Chin Kui Cheng. "Biorefinery for the Production of Biodiesel, Hydrogen and Synthesis Gas Integrated with CHP from Oil Palm in Malaysia." Chemical Product and Process Modeling 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2015-0050.

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Abstract Malaysia is presently the world’s largest exporter of palm oil with total production of 19.22 million tonnes of crude palm oil (CPO) in 2013. Aside CPO, by-products such as empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm kernel shell (PKS), palm kernel oil (PKO), palm kernel cake (PKC) and pressed palm fibres (PPF) are produced from the palm oil mills. These biomasses can be used as potential feedstock for the production of biofuels, biogas and bioelectricity. One of the ways to fully harness the potentials of these biomasses is by employing the biorefinery concepts where all the products and by-products from oil palm are utilized for production of valuable bio-products. In this study, technological feasibility of biorefinery for the production of biodiesel, hydrogen, Fischer-Tropsch liquids (FTLs) integrated with combined heat and power (CHP) generation was investigated. Flowsheet was designed for each of the processes using Aspen HYSYS® v 8.0. Material balance was performed on a palm oil mill processing 250 tonnes per year of fresh fruit palm (FFP). Results from the material balance shows that 45.1 tonnes of refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RDBPO) and 52.4 tonnes of EFB were available for the production of biodiesel, hydrogen, FTLs and the CHP generation. The annual plant capacity of the biodiesel production is estimated to be 26,331.912 tonnes. The overall energy consumption of the whole process was estimated to be 36.0 GJ/h. This energy demand was met with power generated from the CHP which is 792 GJ/h leaving a surplus of 756 GJ/h that can be sold to the grid. The process modelling and simulation of the biorefinery process shows technological feasibility of producing valuable products from oil palm.

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Anggraini, Putri, Muhammad Amin, and Nasrun Marpaung. "Comparison of Weighted Moving Average Method with Double Exponential Smoothing in Estimating Production of Oil Palm Fruit." Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS) 4, no. 2 (September 25, 2022): 705–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/bits.v4i2.2066.

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Oil palm is one of the largest agricultural products in Indonesia and has high economic value and can improve the welfare of oil palm farmers. The research was conducted at PT. Agro Putra Lestari regarding palm oil production, having its address at Jln.Imam Bonjol No.179 Kisaran with the name of the leader being Mr. Anda Puta Lubis, SE, M, Ma. PT. Agro Putra Lestari is a company that produces palm fruit products which is still running. PT. Agro Putra Lestari spread across the Asahan area, including Meranti, Simondol 1, Simondol 2, Simondol 3, Lahan Camat, Sitampu Saring, Marpaung, Miri-Miri, Solo Baru, and Lahan Kembar. The problem that often occurs is the amount of oil palm fruit production which is fluctuating so that the company does not know the estimated production of oil palm fruit in the following month. PT. Agro Putra Lestari has difficulty in knowing the results of oil palm fruit production in the following month because of improper planning to predict the production and have not applied the comparison of the weighted moving average and double exponential smoothing methods in predicting the amount of oil palm fruit production at PT. Agro Putra Lestari. The data used is from June 2021 to May 2022. The results of the forecasting of the two methods are compared to find out which forecasting results have the smallest error value, where the smallest error value can be used as a reference for future oil palm fruit production.

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Syarif, Irman, Agusriandi Agusriandi, Elihami Elihami, Ita Sarmita Samad, and Sry Wahyuni R. "Training on ant sugar production to increase people's income in Ba'ka Village, Enrekang." Community Empowerment 6, no. 7 (June 21, 2021): 1133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ce.4943.

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Most of the people of Ba'ka Village are conventional palm sugar farmers whose whose selling prices are cheap. The purpose of this service is to provide innovation in palm sugar into ant sugar. Through training in making ant sugar, it is hoped that it can increase people's income. The stages of community service include needs analysis, problem formulation, work program formulation, and work program implementation, and evaluation. This service activity produces ant sugar products that are packaged in a modern way. Ant sugar products can attract consumers because they are more durable, hygienic, and practical.

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Berger, K. G. "Trans-free fats with the products of the oil palm − a selective review." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 25, No. 4 (January 7, 2008): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/688-cjfs.

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The results of nutritional research on fatty acids have led to the recommendation that the level of trans-fatty acids in foods (the products of partial hydrogenation of oils) should be reduced as far as possible. Palm oil and palm kernel oil are readily available and economical sources of solid fat. Formulae using oils to make fats for the main types of food products are reviewed.

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Wilaisri Limphapayom. "Study on Chocolate Production from Coconut Oil and Palm Oil Shortening." CORD 29, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v29i2.85.

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Chocolate is a well-known dessert all over the world. The original chocolate is made from cocoa products: cocoa bean and cocoa butter. Research and Development on low-fat chocolate process were conducted for value addition of coconut oil and Thai fruit. This chocolate processing study composed of (1) coconut oil fractionation, (2) chocolate formulation and (3) shelf-life storage determination. Accordingly, fatty acids composition of the blend of coconut fat and palm oil shortening were determined. It was found that the said product composed of Caproic acid 0.47±0.12%, Caprylic acid 5.65±0.31%, Capric acid 5.14±0.14%, Lauric acid 42.56±0.28%, Myristic acid 16.31±0.18%, Stearic acid 14.55±0.13%, Oleic acid 9.26±0.17%, and Linoleic acid 2.16±0.35%. The saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids found in this product were 88.57±0.14% and with 11.42±0.81%, respectively. The range of melting point is 260C-330C and oxidative stability is 14.2 to 16.7 hours. The chocolate formula of pale and dark chocolate 1kg composed of coconut fat, palm oil shortening, and lecithin as emulsifier in same amounts such as 250g, 100g, and 0.5g. However, icing sugar and defatted cocoa powder are in different amounts; the icing sugar in pale chocolate and dark chocolate is 350g and 450g while the defatted cocoa powder in pale chocolate and dark chocolate is 200g and 300 g, respectively. These chocolate products have physical properties similar to the chocolate products produced from cocoa butter. The shelf life of these products is 3 months.

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Shoba, C. "TRADITIONAL HISTORY OF PALM TREE AND PALM MANUSCRIPTS." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 902–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15921.

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Palms are one of the best known and most widely planted tree families. They have held an important role for humans throughout much of history. Many common products and foods come from palms. The palm branch was a symbol of triumph and victory in Roman times. The Romans rewarded champions of the games and celebrated success in war with palm branches. The palm has many meanings in both ancient and modern eastern religion.

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Kurniati, Dwi, Hardjanto Hardjanto, and Soni Trison. "Marketing of non-timber forest products as products from the Protected Forest Management Unit Batutegi, Lampung, Indonesia." Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 13, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 723–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.13.4.723-738.

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Batutegi PFMU has much potential for NTFPs, which have been developed in coffee, palm sugar, and honey. The marketing of NTFPs needs attention because what often happens is inefficient marketing, so it doesn’t provide additional income for the community. This study aimed to identify marketing channels, functions, and efficiency based on marketing margins, farmers’ share, and profit-to-cost ratio. There are three marketing channels for coffee, two for palm sugar, and three for honey. The marketing functions performed by farmers, collectors, wholesalers, exporters, KUPS, cooperatives, and resellers are exchange, physical, and facilitation functions. Channel 1 palm sugar is an efficient marketing channel with a marketing margin of IDR 13,724.19 per kilogram, a farmer’s share of 100%, a profit ratio of 15.03, and marketing channel 1 honey with a marketing margin of IDR 224,112.70 per kilogram (Trigona honey), and IDR 124,494.35 per kilogram (Cerana and Dorsata honey), a farmer’s share of 100%, and profit ratio of 10.21 (Trigona honey) and 6.47 (Cerana and Dorsata honey).

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Nuryawan, Arif, Jajang Sutiawan, Rahmawaty, Nanang Masruchin, and Pavlo Bekhta. "Panel Products Made of Oil Palm Trunk: A Review of Potency, Environmental Aspect, and Comparison with Wood-Based Composites." Polymers 14, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091758.

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Oil palm plantations have expanded rapidly in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia. A lot of products, including food and other edible products, oleo-chemicals, cosmetics, personal and household care, pharmaceutical products, and biodiesels are derived from palm oil, thus making them one of the most economically important plants. After 25–30 years of age, the palms are felled and replaced due to declining oil production. Oil palm trunks (OPT) are considered significant waste products. The trunks remain on the plantation site for nutrient recycling or burning. This increases insect and fungi populations causing environmental problems for the new palm generation or air pollution due to the fire. Up till now, OPT has received less attention in research studies. Therefore, this review summarizes the utilization of OPT into products made of oil palm fibers mainly derived from OPT and its application as the substitution of wood panel products. Some research works have been carried out on oil palm fibers that are derived from OPT for exploiting their potential as raw material of composite panel products, which is the objective of this review. Areas of development are processed into various conventional composite panel products such as plywood and laminated board which are usually predominantly made of wood and bonded by synthetic resins, particleboard with binder, or binderless and cement board which is arranged with wood as a minor component. All of the products have been presented and described technically according to best knowledge of the authors and literature review.

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Apeh, Apex A., and Christian C. Opata. "The oil palm wine economy of rural farmers in Nigeria: evidence from Enugu Ezike, south-eastern Nigeria." Rural History 30, no. 02 (September 12, 2019): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793319000062.

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AbstractThe study considers the economics of the oil palm (Elaeis guinensis) to rural farmers in a rural community in south-eastern Nigeria. It compares the economic benefits of all products of the oil palm industry – palm oil, palm kernel, timber, palm wine and brooms. It posits that the most important product of the oil palm to the Enugu Ezike farmer is oil palm wine. This contrasts with the view that holds palm oil and palm kernel as the chief products of the oil palm. In a study conducted in Enugu Ezike, findings reveal that annual revenue from palm wine surpasses the six-yearly income from palm oil, palm kernel and brooms together. The study employs an eclectic framework of data collection, involving oral interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, and the use of secondary sources. The oil palm is by every standard the most economically important tree crop and proceeds from it have positively influenced the socio-economic life of the rural communities, and as a result it has improved their living conditions.

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Wafti, Nursulihatimarsyila, Harrison Lau Lik Nan ., and Choo Yuen May . "Value-added Products from Palm Sludge Oil." Journal of Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 15, 2012): 1199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2012.1199.1202.

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Choo, Yuen-May, Kay-Eng Ooi, and Ing-Hong Ooi. "Synthesis of civetone from palm oil products." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 71, no. 8 (August 1994): 911–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02540473.

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Darmansah, Darmansah, and Cenderato Cenderato. "MENINGKATKAN OMZET PENJUALAN MELALUI PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PRODUKSI TANDAN BUAH SEGAR DI PT. MAKMUR AGRO LESTARI." Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi (JURKAMI) 9, no. 1 (April 9, 2024): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpe.v9i1.3265.

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PT. Makmur Agro Lestari, Ketungau Hilir District, is one of the oil palm plantations in the Sintang Regency region, which also produces fresh fruit bunches (FFB) from its own plantations. Market FFB using sustainable and quality production methods so that the company's palm sales can increase with each harvest and each year. This type of research is qualitative. Data collection involved interviews, document research, and observations. The research subjects are property managers, administrative heads and employees. The researchers analyzed the results of the interviews based on the respondents' understanding of what was expressed. The data that has been compiled must be understood as a whole so that the researcher can grasp the experiences, issues, and dynamics that are actually occurring within the population being studied. Research results show that marketing of palm products always meets FFB's sales goals. The company has cooperated with customers to sell palm products to PT. ASL - POM Agency is one of the largest buyers of palm fruit in West Kalimantan. From the quality perspective of FFB. Makmur Agro Lestari Ketungau Hilir district harvests and sells selectively, so the quality and selling price are stable according to FFB's market price when sold to purchasing companies.

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Rifin, A., and D. Nauly. "Vector error correction model relationship between three vegetable oil products." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012062.

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Abstract International price of palm oil fluctuated frequently. It is predicted that the international price of palm oil is affected by the other vegetable oil prices. Soybean oil, rapeseed oil and palm oil are the three most important vegetable oil in the word. These commodities compete but on the other hand the world prices are moving in the same direction. This paper analyzes the relationship of these three prices in the short-run and long-run. The method utilizes in the analysis is the vector error correction model (VECM) followed by Impulse Response and Variance Decomposition. The data used is monthly data from January 2003 until December 2020. The results indicate that in the short-run, only the lag of each vegetable oil prices affects their own price. Meanwhile, in the long-run the three prices have long-run relationship or in other words the prices are cointegrated. Using variance decomposition and impulse response shows that soybean oil price has more effect on rapeseed and palm oil prices. Therefore, it can be concluded, the fluctuation of rapeseed and palm oil prices will be affected by the price fluctuation of soybean oil price

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Nurjanah, Danik. "KOMPETISI PRODUK PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT INDONESIA DENGAN NEGARA PESAING DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL." Mimbar Agribisnis: Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis 8, no. 2 (August 4, 2022): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/ma.v8i2.7340.

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This study aimed to determine the level of competition and the similarity of the export structure of Indonesian palm oil products with competing countries in the international market. Secondary data is used in this study which includes export data from Indonesia and its competitors (Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, and Colombia) in 2014-2020 sourced from UN Comtrade. Methods of Analysis to measure the level of competition in the trade of Indonesian palm oil products in the international market using the Export Overlapping Index (IEO) and the Export Similarity Index (ESI) are used to measure how much similarity is in the composition of exports of Indonesian palm oil products in the international market. The results showed that trade in palm oil products before and during the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant increase in the value of the level of similarity in exports from Colombia, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia. The highest level of competition for Indonesian palm oil exports is between Indonesia and Malaysia.

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Ishak, Rezqiwati, Amiruddin Amiruddin, Swastiani Dunggio, and Syahrir Abdussamad. "Pengolahan Buah Aren Menjadi Produk Kolang-Kaling di Desa Kopi Kecamatan Bulango Utara Kabupaten Bone Bolango." Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat 1, no. 1 (April 4, 2023): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/ejppm.v1i1.3.

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The aren tree is a type of palm that has high economic value and is widely distributed in Indonesia, especially in Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province. All parts of the palm tree from the leaves to the roots can be used. The superior products of aren as a source of food and energy include brown sugar, ant sugar, fresh sap, and fruit and are used for various handicraft products and building materials. The purpose of implementing PKM in the coffee village is to take advantage of the village's potential to develop the community's economy by making processed palm fruit into processed fruit and fro. The method used in this is assisting MSMEs so that they can develop according to technological developments. The results achieved in this PKM are processed palm fruit products in the form of fro which are already in packaging so that they can support the validity period or expiration date of processed palm fruit products.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Palm products'

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