Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Palmiers'
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Meekijjaroenroj, Aroonrat. "Intéractions palmiers (Arecaceae) / pollinisateurs : cas de deux espèces de palmiers Calamus castaneus, Phoenix canariensis et chimie des parfums floraux." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20078.
Full textGuérin, Chloé. "Diversité et biosynthèse des lipides chez les palmiers." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS159.
Full textOil palm, Elaeis guineensis (Eg) produces two oils of major economic importance, commonly referred to as palm oil and palm kernel oil, extracted from the mesocarp and the endosperm, respectively. While lauric acid (12:0) predominates in endosperm oil, the major fatty acids (FA) of mesocarp oil are palmitic (16:0) and oleic (18:1) acids. In addition, the two tissues display high variation for oil content at maturity. In the first part of this PhD work, tissue transcriptome and lipid composition were compared during development to gain insight into the mechanisms that govern such differences in oil content and FA composition. The contribution of the cytosolic and plastidial glycolytic routes differs markedly between the mesocarp and seed tissues. Accumulation of lauric acid (12:0) relies on the dramatic upregulation of a specialized acyl-ACP thioesterase paralog and the concerted recruitment of specific isoforms of triacylglycerol assembly enzymes. Three paralogs of the WRI1 transcription factor were identified, of which EgWRI1-1 and EgWRI1-2 were massively transcribed during oil deposition in the mesocarp and the endosperm, respectively. Changes in triacylglycerol content and FA composition of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves infiltrated with various combinations of WRI1 and FatB paralogs from oil palm validate functions inferred from transcriptome analysis.The American oil palm, E. oleifera (Eo), also stores oil in the mesocarp, but in lower amount than in Eg. Mesocarp oil fatty acid (FA) composition also differs considerably between Eg and Eo, especially the 16:0 content which is two-times lower in Eo than in Eg. In the second part of this work, the mechanisms that govern oil synthesis and FA composition in the two species were investigated. Gene-to-gene coexpression analysis, quantification of allele-specific expression, and joint multivariate analysis of transcriptomic and lipid data, were carried out in an interspecific backcross population between Eg and Eo. The gene coexpression network built reveals the tight transcriptional coordination of the plastidial glycolytic route, starch metabolism, carbon recapture pathways and sugar sensing with fatty acid synthesis (FAS). Plastid biogenesis and auxin transport are the two other biological processes the most tightly connected to FAS in the network. In addition to WRI1, two novel TFs, termed NF-YB-1 and ZFP-1, were found at the core of the FAS module. Coexpression analysis also identifies novel genes likely involved in lipid biosynthesis pathways. Finally, the level of 16:0 in oil seems primarily controlled by the level of transcription of the gene coding for beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase II, which catalyzes the elongation of 16:0-ACP to 18:0-ACP in the plastid.Finally, the third part of this work aimed to explore relationships between seed lipid composition on one hand, and phylogenetic, biogeographic and ecological parameters on the other, in the family Arecaceae. Oil content and FA composition were characterized for 177 species of the palm family, revealing a considerable intra-family diversity for seed lipid composition. Species whose seeds store the highest amounts of oil belong to the tribe Cocoseae. By contrast, species that accumulate 12:0 in their seeds occur in all tribes. Multivariate analyses based on FA composition satisfactorily group species belonging to the same tribe. However, only a few of the groups display topologies that are congruent with phylogenetic data. No clear associations were identified between biogeographic and ecological traits and FA composition. However, a tribe-dependent significant correlation was observed between unsaturated FA content and maximum elevation in native area
Pintaud, Jean-Christophe. "Phylogenie, biogeographie et ecologie des palmiers de nouvelle-caledonie." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30044.
Full textRabarisoa, Rahélisoa Isabelle. "Etude chimique comparative des lipides de palmiers spontanés de Madagascar." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX30104.
Full textBereau, Didier. "Huiles et fractions insaponifiables de huit espèces de palmiers amazoniens." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT005G.
Full textBarthélémy, Morgane. "Etude de la diversité chimique et biologique d’endophytes de palmiers." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS563.
Full textThe palm Astrocaryum sciophilum is the host plant model chosen in this work. Indeed, due to the longevity of its leaves, we expected to highlight a competitive community of endophytes within the oldest leaves. Thus, 197 endophytes have been isolated and identified from different leaves of six palm specimens. In order to evaluate whether the compounds produced by these microorganisms could be used for the treatment of human disease, the ethyl acetate extracts of each endophyte were tested against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as well as for a quorum quenching (QQ) activity. Simultaneously, co-culture were carried with the fungi Fusarium oxysporum in order to highlight endophytes providing plant protection against phytopathogens. We selected extracts in order to isolate and identify the bioactive metabolites. Various analytical tools have been used to improve the isolation process (LC-MS/MS, molecular networking or MS imaging).The study of the endophytic community isolated from older leaves did not show a more competitive chemical arsenal. However, two Luteibacter strains exhibited an ethyl acetate extract active against MRSA and several bacteria provide quorum quenching extracts. The metabolome of Colletotrichum genus was studied using molecular networking and a fungus from the Xylariaceae family was studied for its capacity to inhibit F. oxysporum’s growth. In our study, seven endophyte strains were chemically investigated leading to the isolation and identification of 42 molecules whose ten are new
Rabarisoa-Rahelisoa, Isabelle. "Etude chimique comparative des lipides de palmiers spontanés de Madagascar." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609075f.
Full textKoutou, Anatole. "Recherche de marqueurs enzymatiques liés à la teneur en huile de la pulpe du fruit chez le palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20184.
Full textCochard, Benoît. "Etude de la diversité et du déséquilibre de liaison au sein de populations améliorées de palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. )." Montpellier SupAgro, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSAM0001.
Full textWajda-Dubos, Jean-Pierre. "Etude comparative des lipides de pulpe et de graines de Serenoa repens (Palmaceae)." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT055G.
Full textRochat, Didier. "Ecologie chimique du charancon des palmiers, rhynchophorus palmarum (l. ) (coleoptera : curculionidae)." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066622.
Full textIsnard, Sandrine. "Biomécanique et évolution de la forme grimpante chez les palmiers (Arecaceae)." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20214.
Full textThe climbing growth form has appeared several times during palm evolution and in phylogenetically distant groups. Among the 2700 species recognised in the Arecaceae, more than 500 are climbers. This study deals with species belonging to the two subfamilies, which include climbing forms, the Arecoideae and the Calamoideae, from South America and South-east Asia respectively. The main objective is to understand the mechanical, morphological and developmental traits linked to the climbing habit in a family that lacks secondary growth. The results are discussed using recent phylogenetic reconstructions and are compared with previous studies on the mechanical architecture of dicotyledonous lianas. The first part deals with the mechanical architecture and development of axes. The results emphasize the mechanical role of the leaf sheath and specific adaptations of the stem for the climbing habit in each subfamily. In the second part, morphological and structural organisation of attachment organs (flagellum and cirrus) are investigated. Breaking forces of hooks and acanthophylls, and the variations of mechanical properties along cirri and flagellae are discussed in terms of the plant ecology, its potential for occupying space and its attachment to supports. The results suggest that the apparently strongly convergent evolution towards the climbing habit has in fact produced specific mechanical architectures according to the phylogenetic constraints of different genera. In both subfamilies the occurrence of the climbing growth form may have resulted from heterochronic processes, involving the reduction of the establishment phase that characterise arborescent palms
Montufar, Galarraga Rommel. "Structure génétique, biochimique, morphologique et écologique de Oenocarpus bataua Mart. (Arecaceae) : perspectives pour la valorisation durable d’une ressource forestière néotropicale." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0006.
Full textThe deforestation of the Amazon forest will produce to medium-term the depletion of the genetic diversity, or even worst, the extinction of vegetal species. For promising species like Oenocarpus bataua (Arecaceae), the genetic erosion lead to the impoverishment of the genetic pool which is the raw material for future domestication programs. In this context, this research was addressed to explore the genetic, biochemical and ecological variability of a palm species largely used by the indigenous communities and householder of the Amazonia. Oenocarpus bataua Mart. Is a monoecious, out-crossed, and wild palm widely distributed in the tropical regions of northern part of South America. Its fruits are highly valued due to their oleaginous properties. This approach was structured within three different taxonomic levels in order to answer several questions about the taxonomy of this species: (i) Generic level. The taxonomic position of O. Bataua has been subject to numerous changes between Oenocarpus and the monospecific genus Jessenia. A molecular phylogeny with cpDNA gives support to the inclusion of Jessenia within Oenocarpus genus. (ii) Infraspecific level The biological variability of O. Bataua has only been studied with morphological traits. These studies have identified two major varieties within this species: bataua from western and central Amazonia and oligocarpa from Guayanas region. A genetic study with AFLP data and a biochemical approach using fatty acids reveals a significant genetic and biochemical differentiation between these varieties. This result has a particular interest, since previous botanical works have recognized both populations as two different species. An additional evidence of the molecular divergence between bataua and oligocarpa varieties comes from the chloroplastic sequences and a polymorphism of inversion used as molecular marker to characterize both varieties. (iii) Population level To improve the knowledge of the natural history of this species, an ecological study at regional scale was carried out to document the ecological preferences of O. Bataua in Western Amazon. This approach showed that O. Bataua forms an ecocline throughout the Western Amazonia, with edaphic specialized populations on the extremes of its geographical range, and generalist populations on intermediate areas of its range. In addition, a genetic study was performed to explore the genetic structure and its association with the ecological differentiation of this palm specie. This latter study reported that wild population of O. Bataua are not discrete group of genotypes, but rather behave as open units with a strong genetic connectivity. This dissertation gives new insights on the biological differentiation of O. Bataua populations using different sets of data, but also it was our interest to gather new information to valorize this valuable natural resource threatened by the deforestation and the destructive extractivism
Sist, Plinio. "Stratégies de régénération de quelques palmiers en forêt guyanaise : phénologie, dissémination, démographie." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066464.
Full textThomas, Romain. "Anatomie comparée des palmiers - Identification assistée par ordinateur, applications en paléobotanique et en archéobotanique." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951106.
Full textNkongho, Raymond. "Les conditions du développement durable des plantations villageoises de palmiers à huile au Cameroun." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30078/document.
Full textThe collapse of the FONADER sponsored partnership between oil palm smallholders and major agro-industries in Cameroon together with the structural adjustment program, the devaluation of the Franc CFA, the economic crises, as well as the fall in the international market price for cocoa and coffee, led to the emergence of independent oil palm producers in the country. These oil palm planters have been grappling with the management of their plantation and the processing of their FFB with the use of artisanal mills. But the numerous difficulties faced by these smallholders are translated into very low yields registered in their plantations. In the light of the recent interest expressed by new agro-industries to invest in the oil palm sector in Cameroon, and the decision by old companies to expand their surface areas, the study notes that in order to mitigate some of the social and environmental crises that result from land conflicts and forest degradation, the most sustainable approach to develop the sector will be to revamp win-win and equitable partnerships between oil palm planters and agro-industries.In Cameroon, four of the seven palm oil production basins carved out during the FONADER partnership scheme where selected for our study sites. They included Eseka in the Center region, Dibombari in the Littoral region, Muyuka and Lobe in the Southwest region. The respective agro-industries were Socapalm, Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) and Pamol. In Malaysia and Indonesia, the study sites were the FELDA scheme of Besout in the district of Batang Padang, the PIR and KKPA scheme of PT SAL in the district of Bungo, the KKPA scheme of PT Megasawindo and PT Musim Mas in the district of Bungo and Pelalawan respectively. Data collection was organized through the administration of semi-guided questionnaires, secondary data sourcing, personal communication with different stakeholders in the sector, focus group discussions, internet and library search, as well as field observation visits.The study looked at the origine and evolution of partnership schemes between oil palm smallholders and agro-industries, what was right, what went wrong in the course of time, and why most partnerships collapsed. The study further looked at the strengths and weaknesses of today's independent oil palm smallholders and the reasons why these smallholders prefer to process their FFB in artisanal mills despite the presence of agro-industrial mills at the vicinity of their plantations. The study further drew inspiration on the positive and negative experiences of major schemes in Malaysia and Indonesia which have boosted production in their oil palm sector through case studies as well as through a participatory prospective analysis workshop in Cameroon on the future of the palm oil sector, as a way to generate policy recommendation on the way forward for future partnership schemes between oil palm smallholders and agro-industries in Cameroon.Keywords: Partnership, FONADER, FELDA, PIR, KKPA, agro-industry, smallholder, outgrower schemes
Alapetite, Elodie. "Etude de l'appareil reproducteur des palmiers (Arecaceae) : évolution du système sexuel et du nombre d'étamines." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017166.
Full textAlapetite, Elodie. "Etude de l’appareil reproducteur des palmiers (Arecaceae) : évolution du système sexuel et du nombre d’étamines." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112063/document.
Full textPalms (Arecaceae) are an emblematic family of monocots of 183 genera and around 2500 species distributed on all continents, throughout tropical and subtropical areas. Their characteristic leaves and stems make palms immediately recognizable in the field. The inconspicuous palm flowers are usually considered as rather dull. They are usually small (a few centimetres), trimerous, often unisexual, colourless (white or greenish) and grouped into huge inflorescences. However palms exhibit a large diversity in sexual system and in stamen number, diversity that is still poorly understood. The three main sexual systems of angiosperm, hermaphroditism, dioecy and monoecy are present in palms. Stamen number ranges between a few units (oligandry) to several dozens and even several hundreds of units (polyandry) in some genera. We studied the evolution of sexual system and stamen number at the family level. We used as historical framework a well-supported and dated phylogeny, published recently. Our study showed that the putative ancestor of palms was monoecious and bore oligandrous flowers with 6 stamens. From these ancestral states, several transitions occurred: towards hermaphroditism and dioecy and towards polyandry respectively. In order to initiate a research on a possible functional significance of increase in stamen number, we investigated the relationship between stamen number and pollen production, by extracting the total pollen content from flowers of 82 species. Our study showed a tendency towards higher pollen production when the number of stamen increases in two subfamilies. We also produced molecular phylogeny of a subtribe (Ptychospermatinae) in which the range of variation in stamen number is exceptional. Further investigations into genetic, developmental, ecology and pollination biology are needed
Roca, Alcázar Fernando. "Ethnobotanique Aguaruna-Huambisa : le cas des palmiers et des orchidées dans les systèmes de classification." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0259.
Full textThis thesis considers different aspects of the traditional ethnobotanic knowledge of the Aguaruna-Huambisa group : two Indian peoples of the Jivaro linguistic group, living in the northwest area of the Peruvian Amazon rainforest. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first shows some of the different ethnobotanic theories with regards to classification. The second gives a "mise au jour" of the Aguaruna-Huambisa ethnography. The third presents the actual Aguaruna-Huambisa ethnobotanical vegetal system, marking particular reference to the cases of palm trees and orchids
Faye, Adama. "Dynamique évolutive des forêts tropicales humides d'Afrique centrale : cas d'étude de la famille des palmiers (Arecaceae)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS190.
Full textTropical rain forests (TRF) biodiversity is not equally distributed between the three main tropical regions: Neotropics, South East Asia and tropical Africa. Even though African rain forests display high levels of diversity and endemism, this diversity is low compared to that of the other tropical regions. One of the main hypotheses advanced to explain this lower species diversity is that the African flora has undergone higher extinction rates during the Cenozoic. Across the Congo basin, high levels of species diversity and endemism is thought to be linked to the hypothesis of forest refugia. This hypothesis suggests a contraction of rain forests in 'refugia' during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, between 24’000 and 12’000 Years).The aim of this thesis is to study the evolution of African rain forests in response to climate change on ancient (million years) and more recent (thousands of years) time scales. For this we study two groups of African palms: the rattans of the sub-tribe Ancistrophyllinae and the understory genus of Central African TRF Podococcus with two species P. barteri and P. acaulis. The first group provides information about ancient extinctions events during the Cenozoic, while the second is used to study the response of TRF during Pleistocene climate change in Central Africa. The approach used in this thesis is to 1) reconstruct the evolutionary history of African rattans, and 2) to infer the evolutionary dynamics of the two species of Podococcus through time. The five specific objectives structuring two main parts of the thesis are: First part: (i) reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among Ancistrophyllinae using plastid and nuclear markers, (ii) estimate divergence times and test the impact of extinction events on Ancistrophyllinae. Second part: (iii) build ecological niche models and infer the areas of habitat stability of the two species of Podococcus from the LGM, (iv) reconstruct phylogeographic relationships of populations of Podococcus from whole plastomes obtained using Next Generation Sequencing and (v) assess the correlation between genetic diversity and ecological niche stability of all populations of Podococcus.Results suggest that Ancistrophyllinae has possibly undergone a constant diversification with a relatively high extinction rate punctuated by one or more severe extinction events during the Cenozoic. Ancistrophyllinae diverged during the Eocene with most species originating to the Late Miocene after 10 Ma. In the genus Podococcus, a significant correlation between the unique genetic diversity and habitat stability was demonstrated supporting the hypothesis of forests refugia in Central Africa. Ecologically stable and diverse populations are mainly located in mountainous areas such as Monts de Cristal and Monts Doudou in Gabon, but also in the Atlantic coastal forests in Gabon and Cameroon. In contrast, most of the populations predate the LGM reflecting that species respond over several glacial cycles. Results of this thesis highlight that ancient and recent climate changes have strongly influenced the evolution and dynamics of Central African forests. In addition, our results allowed the identification of African Atlantic coastal forests as an important conservation priority
Delnatte, César. "Le gradient altitudinal sur les sommets tabulaires de Guyane : basé sur l'étude des Arecaceae, des Melastomataceae et des Ptéridophytes." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00588612.
Full textAmazonia is mainly covered by lowland forest, however it presents some reliefs. Previous works have shown two types of relief in French Guiana : Inselbergs and plateaus on basic volcanic rocks known as tabular summits. Regarding the latter two, vegetation is quite uniform within mountains with comparable altitude and geomorphology. The present research deals mainly cith studying floristic composition along an altitudinal gradient with several bioindicators. For this, the study relies on using three vascular plant groups : Arecaceae, Melastomateceae and Pteridophytes. The present research confirms the existence of variation in floristic composition at around 500 meters a. S. L. , but also below and above depending on the selected group
Sannier, Julie. "Diversité et évolution de la microsporogenèse chez les palmiers (Arecaceae) en relation avec la détermination du type apertural." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00469659.
Full textJanty, Gwenaelle. "Les enjeux de la préservation et du développement d'un paysage culturel : le cas de la palmeraie de l'oasis de Figuig (Maroc)." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070040.
Full textThe Morocan oasis of Figuig is a palm grove oasis irrigated by water sources and a traditional network of irrigation. There are two dynamics in it, both supported by locals and nationals groups. When the first is about heritage protection, the second is about developing the local economy. The main question of this thesis is to find out how those both dynamics could cooperate in both project and fact on a common territory. To comprehend and show how the traditional palet grove could have remained on time, a set of geomatics methods were used (diachronic photo-sensing analysis, statistical and spatial analyses, extraction of outline by object-oriented software). Thanks to the results of these analyses and to the interviews of local stakeholders we can say that the isolation of this oasis (which was compensated by the diaspora) had an important role in the saving of the palm grove. Traditional methods of adaptation to the local conditions can also explain this conservation. A SWOT analyze let us show the social dynamics on which the two policies of development and conservation will be able to lean on. The analyses do during this thesis highlight that the dual use of both dynamics (heritage protection and development of the local economy) is a good opportunity to apprehend each of the elements involved on both: a resource for the development and a patrimonial element to bE protected
Hartmann, Christian. "Evolution et comportement de sols sablo-argileux ferrallitiques sous culture de palmiers a huile. Cas de la plantation r. Michaux a dabou (cote d'ivoire)." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066520.
Full textTlijani, Mohamed. "Contribution à la caractérisation thermophysique de matériaux bio-isolants : valorisation des déchets de bois de palmier." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1157.
Full textThe growing interest in new concrete and their use in many fields of civil engineering was that we wanted to bring a new approach to the design of a new product consisting of a reinforced concrete with basel end frond palm fibers. This led us to conduct the experimental study of thermal properties of natural fibers of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The analysis of experimental results showed that the essential factors affecting the thermal conductivity are the variety of date palm and the fiber orientation and that the basel end of the frond palm is the most interesting part as thermal insulation. However, the main problem encountered when using plant fibers as reinforcement is cohesion, bonding with the matrix and dimensional instability so the composite loses its mechanical properties. In this context, an alkaline pretreatment of palm fibers was envisaged to clean and modify the fiber surface to address the problems of dimensional stability of the fibers and degradation before their use as reinforcement in the cement matrix. We also studied the influence of chemical treatment with sodium hydroxide on the mechanical properties of processed samples, they were subjected to the tensile test to estimate the fracture strength for each treatment concentration, the Young's modulus and elongation at break corresponding. Subsequently, we conducted experimental and theoretical research on the thermal conductivity of different formulations of basel end palm wood concrete composite. The study of the theoretical apparent thermal conductivity was based on an approach that relies on a process whereas the material consists of a solid matrix combined with a fluid phase (air). Finally, we performed a numerical simulation of heat transfer phenomena to assess the thermal conductivity of basel end frond palm concrete composite and validate subsequently the theoretical prediction model selected. The results showed that the numerical approach based on the isotropic orientation of the particles in the composite coincides and approaches the physical reality
Sossou-Dangou, Justine. "Culture in vitro d'embryons zygotiques de palmiers influence des conditions culturales sur leur développement et mise au point d'un procédé pour la récolte de germplasme sur le terrain /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601331q.
Full textTlijani, Mohamed. "Contribution à la caractérisation thermophysique de matériaux bio-isolants : valorisation des déchets de bois de palmier." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1157/document.
Full textThe growing interest in new concrete and their use in many fields of civil engineering was that we wanted to bring a new approach to the design of a new product consisting of a reinforced concrete with basel end frond palm fibers. This led us to conduct the experimental study of thermal properties of natural fibers of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The analysis of experimental results showed that the essential factors affecting the thermal conductivity are the variety of date palm and the fiber orientation and that the basel end of the frond palm is the most interesting part as thermal insulation. However, the main problem encountered when using plant fibers as reinforcement is cohesion, bonding with the matrix and dimensional instability so the composite loses its mechanical properties. In this context, an alkaline pretreatment of palm fibers was envisaged to clean and modify the fiber surface to address the problems of dimensional stability of the fibers and degradation before their use as reinforcement in the cement matrix. We also studied the influence of chemical treatment with sodium hydroxide on the mechanical properties of processed samples, they were subjected to the tensile test to estimate the fracture strength for each treatment concentration, the Young's modulus and elongation at break corresponding. Subsequently, we conducted experimental and theoretical research on the thermal conductivity of different formulations of basel end palm wood concrete composite. The study of the theoretical apparent thermal conductivity was based on an approach that relies on a process whereas the material consists of a solid matrix combined with a fluid phase (air). Finally, we performed a numerical simulation of heat transfer phenomena to assess the thermal conductivity of basel end frond palm concrete composite and validate subsequently the theoretical prediction model selected. The results showed that the numerical approach based on the isotropic orientation of the particles in the composite coincides and approaches the physical reality
Andru, Julie. "Les populations invasives de rongeurs en milieu agricole : une étude menée dans des cultures de grande échelle, les plantations de palmiers à huile en Indonésie : Approche paysagère, génétique et écotoxicologique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984597.
Full textKomba, Mayossa Prune Christobelle. "Dégradation du couvert forestier liée à la culture du palmier à huile par télédétection en milieu tropical humide : application au bassin du Congo." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0414.
Full textThe objective of this doctoral research is to study the degradation of forest cover due to the industrial cultivation of oil palm by remote sensing in the Congo Basin, particularly the SOCAPALM-Kienké palm grove in Cameroon. To characterize degradation, in order to highlight the systemic link between forest cover degradation and changes in palm grove and landscape structure, the functional approach to landscape ecology was combined with the spatial approach to remote sensing. To achieve this objective, several processing integrating spectral indicators, statistical indicators, structural landscape ecology indicators and remote sensing morphological indicators were carried out
Girod, Christophe. "Conséquences génétiques des variations climatiques du Quaternaire et distribution des espèces forestières Néotropicales : L'exemple du palmier Astrocaryum sciophilum." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576928.
Full textLieugomg, Médard. "Les plantations industrielles et les plantations villageoises de palmiers à huile sélectionnées dans les zones d'intervention de la société camerounaise des palmeraies (So. Ca. Palm) : le cas des régions d'Eseka et de Dibombari." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100191.
Full textIn order to implement a palm-tree scheme in eastern Cameroon, a development enterprise, the societe camerounaise des palmeraies (so. Ca. Palm), was set up in 1968. Today, its action is extended to 5 areas (mbongo, dibombari, eseka, kienke and edea). Eseka and dibombari areas alone it controls 8 421 ha of improved palm-trees and more than 1 700 employees in industrial palm-groves and 5 154 ha for 1 348 small holders. So. Ca. Palm has achieved a noticeable progress as far as production is concerned but is confronted with problems due to personnel and small holders’ management. These problems are aggravated by the aging of plantations and difficulties in commercializing its products both on national and international markets. If the state cannot efficiently and competently manage with profitability a firm with so. Ca. Palm dimensions, the solution is either privatization or the creation of smaller enterprise, setting up of small structures by which peasants can understand why and for whom they should produce
Foufou, Ammar. "La gestion paysanne des ressources naturelles dans le Bas-Sahara algérien : cas de Ouargla et Biskra." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30022.
Full textBiskra and Ouargla are two sub-units which are home of the Bas-Sahara, where the economy and the population are soaring. They are characterized by the coexistence of two forms of agricultural production in different ways and factors of production available, one capitalist and another one traditional and suburban. The traditional form is facing a difficult, economic, social, hydrological and agricultural reality. Its current operation is subject to secular’s peasant’s rules and methods, but has difficulty to the two speeds socio-economic change. The management of agricultural space in the two sub-assemblies can not be dissociated from the regional or local level, because natural resources are unevenly distributed. The rural population is made up of family and composed. Agricultural land is a fundamental element of their attachment to their space. Its operation is subject to specific methods of a sahara’s peasant. The management of water as a valuable natural resource in such an area is subject to rules and methods based on equity, solidarity and discipline. The external links of this space are first based, on the relationship between themselves as producers, the market for the marketing and supply, market and professional bodies. Relations peasant-farmer, farmers' market and farm-workers are much stronger than that maintained with the State, as a player in the functioning of this area consists mainly of intensive and often aging, especially in Ouargla. These farms are not immune to the biotic and abiotic threats, which jeopardizes their sustainability over time, although some farmers show their determination to go far in their investment and their expansion, if conditions are favorable. This determination leaves some hope for the traditional survive longer
Tengku, Mohd Azahar Tuan Dir. "Génération de prédiction par la combinaison de fusion de données et de modélisation spatio-temporelle : application à la localisation de la répartition de la maladie basal stem rot dans les plantations de palmiers à huile." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LAROS386.
Full textThis thesis represents a new approach for predicting plant disease in a plantation through combination of data fusion and spatio-temporal modelling. Plant disease is a major problem in the world of agriculture. Example in Malaysia, basalstem rot disease (BSR) caused by Ganoderma Boinense is the most serious disease for oil palm plantation in Malaysia. The fungus infects oil palm trees, initially causing yield loss and finally killing the trees. Various factors were previously reported to influence incidence of BSR, such as previous crops, techniques for replanting, types of soils and the age of trees. At present effective and sustainable management strategies to control BSR are hampered mainly by a lack of understanding of mechanisms of disease establishment, development and spread. The present research is an attempt to apply data fusion technique and temporal modelling in Geographical Information System (GIS) to investigate the behaviour of plant disease in a specific area (small skill area). This research will focus on how GIS can help to assess the distribution plant disease in a small scale plantation. With concurrent advances in global positioning systems (GPS) and the use of geographical Information Systems(GIS) techniques have provided powerful analysis tools for precision agriculture. Data for analysis were obtained from oil palm planting density experiments at MPOB research stations at Teluk Intan, Perak, Malaysia. In the case of BSR disease, the results of the predictive modelling show a significance correlation between predicted BSR diseases with visually observed BSR data. It found that the proposed predictive modelling has well predicted the presence of BSR disease. Although at the beginning stage of BSR diseases infection, the model has not fitted exactly the distribution of the disease, we believe that with the proper selection of the source of data, the performance of the model will be improved.Overall, the model has well predicted the presence of diseases with accuracy up to 98.9%
Derouich, Saïd. "Les Palmeraies du pays des Id Brahim et des Aït Herbil : un espace en crise du sud ouest marocain." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0346/document.
Full textNot available
Ferrari, Maryana Cunha. "Vila Palmira." Florianópolis, SC, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/91518.
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Assef, Georges. "Résistance chimique du palmier dattier au "Bayoud"." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602419c.
Full textZeddam, Jean-Louis. "Etude d'un ribovirus pathogène du Lépidoptère Latoia viridissima (Holland 1893), ravageur de Palmacées en Côte-d'Ivoire : caractérisation du virus, diagnostic sérologique et clonage moléculaire." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20076.
Full textAdam, Hélène. "Caractérisation de gènes appartenant à la famille MADS box chez le palmier à huile et étude de leur rôle dans la mise en place de la structure florale." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20135.
Full textDavid, Sergio Lyra 1963. "O jazz latino de Eddie Palmieri : identidade e diálogo." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285236.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
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Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar aspectos da construção do latin jazz de Eddie Palmieri. Para tal propõe descrever suas características como estilo musical: estruturação musical, relações com o jazz e com a música afro-cubana, elementos culturais e sociais. Um estudo mais detalhado enfocou a música "Palmas" procurando descrever o procedimento de Palmieri na manipulação de duas linguagens musicais, o jazz e o afro-cubano. Um estudo preliminar sobre a organização rítmica na tradição musical africana foi realizado para melhor compreensão da estrutura rítmica do objeto analisado. Eddie Palmieri é pianista, compositor e arranjador. Com mais de 50 anos atuando no cenário da música latina traz em sua obra uma característica peculiar, o uso do idioma jazzístico num diálogo intenso com elementos rítmicos da música afro-cubana. Este trabalho demonstra como Eddie Palmieri manipula essas linguagens descrevendo seu estilo através da análise de áudios e partituras
Abstract: This research aims to investigate aspects of the construction of latin jazz of Eddie Palmieri. For this proposes to describe his characteristics as a musical style: musical structure, relationships with jazz and the afro-cuban music, cultural and social elements. A more detailed study focused on the song "Palmas" trying to describe Palmieri¿s procedure in handling two musical languages, jazz and afro-cuban. A preliminary study on the rhythmic organization in African musical tradition was conducted to better understand the rhythmic structure of the analyzed object. Eddie Palmieri is a pianist, composer and arranger. With over 50 years working in the latin music scene brings to his work a peculiar feature, using the jazz language in an intense dialogue with rhythmic elements of afro-cuban music. This work demonstrates how Eddie Palmieri handles these languages describing his style by analyzing audio and sheet music
Mestrado
Fundamentos Teoricos
Mestre em Música
Zaid, Malika. "Embryogenèse somatique chez le palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L. )." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112175.
Full textPlant regeneration from date palm somatic embryo obtained from in vitro cultures of seeds and leaf offshoot explants were been studied. Experiments were realised in order to determine optimal culture conditions and to compare the efficiencies of different auxins such as Picloram, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. Picloram was the more efficient for callus induction from various explants. Somatic embryos were obtained from mature seed embryos on a medium containing 10^-8 mg/l but a concentration of 10^-6 mg/1 was required to obtain embryos from fragments of female rachis offshoots. Somatic embryo germinated when transferred to a medium without hormone. Histological observations of in vitro somatic embryos showed that calluses arise by proliferation of cells adjacent to vascular bundle of cotyledonary lamina. Calluses from leaflet explant arised by cellular division of perivascular cells. The unicellular origin of somatic embryo has been established. Our observations also showed that numerous storage proteins and polysaccharides (starch) were accumulated during somatic embryogenesis
Ngiye, Érasme. "La filière palmier à huile au Burundi : acteurs et territoires." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20140/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of the palm oil chain in Burundi. Its main aim is to analyze how this culture constructs its territory. It studies palm’s actors, their strategies and the way they are organized and the territorialized space by this chain. The palm oil chain in Burundi has experienced two important modes of cultures. The traditional method of farming dominated by the old variety "dura" and was characterized by extensive polyculture. Between spaced palms, food crops growing were possible. The second concerns the method of cultivation of monoculture oil palm which is only intended to produce palm oil. It involves cultivation of the new variety "tenera" considered more productive than the old variety. The transition from the old to the new farming method did not without consequences on the livelihoods of farmers in major palmicole areas Burundi (Rumonge and Nyanza-Lac). The installation of the new variety "tenera" in Rumonge and Nyanza Lac, respectively entrusted to the Regional Development Company Rumonge and Nyanza Lake project has certainly generated a real commercial agriculture, but it was at the expense of other food crops. In this work we show the socio-economic upheavals that culture has generated the lifestyles of farmers, for example the exacerbation of land conflicts. The cultivation of oil palm continues to expand into other regions. Through a historic analysis of the construction of oil palm land, we show how the construction of the oil palm area is about actors who do not have the same financial means nor the same objectives. The modes of organization and strategies vary according to each stakeholder group and initial financial capital. The weak organization of small producers of oil palm observed in Imbo area does not augur a good future for them. For lack of means, are forced to sell their farms to wealthy people. Finally, the study shows how capital holders access to the palm oil chain through the lease of land from poor peasants
Sirakov, Nikolay. "Modélisation de la dynamique de population d une plante native (palmier babaçu) dans le cadre d'un projet de gestion durable au Brésil." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT302/document.
Full textThe babassu palm tree (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng.) is an endemic species of the amazonian forests. The deforestation highlights henceforth this palm tree in the anthropogenic open areas (pastures and cultivated fields). The babassu is one of the "extractive" resources in Brazil: gathering activity followed by marketing of non-timber products. This activity involves people among the most disadvantaged in the country thus the importance to better manage its sustainability in a context of conflict. It is clear that knowledge of sustainable functioning of the species within these manmade environments is sorely lacking: its life cycle is not well known and its population dynamics unstudied.This PhD work is pioneer and is a part of an Open Science interdisciplinary project of the Agropolis foundation. The objective is twofold it is to generate a model of population dynamics of the babassu palm tree validated by in situ analysis and capitalizing knowledge from various scientific communities (biologists, ecologists, mathematicians, computer scientists and economists from France and Brazil). In the long-term the model should support the recommendations for the sustainable management of the species.Our approach explicit within different models the shared knowledge about the species and the potential mathematical models as well as the societal context. This has allowed us to provide an observation model compliant with the recommendations ofOBOE (Ontology on a semantic scientific observations) for the development of data acquisition protocol. The acquisition was made in situ by the French-Brazilian partnership between 2013 and 2016 in the community of Benfica (Pará, Brazil). The perpetuation of the data was made after conception, within a spatial database taking into account the socio-economic aspect.Finally, we proposed a random matrix model having as input aggregated variables based on the biological stages of the species. The probabilities of the between stages transition matrix are modeled using a hierarchical Dirichlet-Multinomial model. The integration of prior information was formulated through a Bayesian approach. The estimation and model validation were performed with Bayesian criteria.Simulations based on the estimated parameters represent a first outline of the study of the species behavior
DE, TOUCHET BLANDINE. "Micropropagation du palmier a huile (elaeis guineensis jacq. ) en milieu liquide." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112368.
Full textEngelmann, Florent. "Cryoconservation des embryons somatiques de palmier à l'huile (Elaeis guineesis jacq)." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066505.
Full textBouali-Messahel, Mounia. "Types d’habitat et formes d’alternances saisonnières de l’habiter mozabite oasien : l’exemple de Béni Isguen." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100158.
Full textThe M'Zab Valley oases in Algeria, listed as World Heritage has an exceptional architecture and urban morphology. It has caught legitimately and for a long time the travelers’ attention, as well as researchers and urban planners. However, a special feature remains largely unknown: the role of seasonal variations in the Mozabites way of life and habitat. Nowadays, the accelerated urbanization, the population growth and the gradual erosion of the seasonal rhythm in the domestic and urban movements challenge the systematic opposition between the taddart – the winter habitat of the ksour – and the akham – the summer habitat of the palm groves. This research aims to study the evolution of the physical and social inscriptions of these seasonal variations in the habitat types and the urban morphology of the Béni Isguen oasis, one of the five oases of the M’Zab Valley pentapolis
Fournié-Morcillo, Fabienne. "Etude comparée de l'accumulation des protéines de réserve pendant l'embryogénèse zygomatique et l'embryogénèse somatique du palmier à huile, Elaeis guineensis Jacq." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20024.
Full textDaher, Meraneh Abdourahman. "Détermination du sexe chez le palmier dattier : approches histo-cytologiques et moléculaires." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20069.
Full textThe date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a dioecious tropical fruit crop plant which has vital dietary, socio-economic and ecological importance in arid regions of the world. Despite the interest of developing molecular tools to discriminate male and female plants for the benefit of biodiversity preservation and genetic improvement programs, no sex-specific markers have been identified and validated to date. To study and understand the sex determination of date palm, we undertook to characterise the cellular and molecular processes underlying sex organ differentiation in this plant.A histological study of date palm reproductive development showed that the immature flower is bisexual in appearance until the initiation of the androecium and gynoecium. The first sign of sexual dimorphism is observed at this stage, namely a wider gynoecium in female flowers resulting from greater mitotic activity in the functional gynoecium of female flowers compared to the pistillode of male ones. The sterile sex organs (pistillode and staminodes) were observed to cease their development by progressive loss of cell proliferation and ultimately displayed incomplete differentiation.Cell division patterns and the nuclear integrity of reproductive organs were investigated respectively by RNA in situ hybridization to a histone H4 gene probe and by DNA coloration combined with scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained revealed an absence of cell cycle activity and nuclear degradation in the residual sex organs. In addition, a study of DNA methylation, by immunodetection of methylated cytosines revealed that compared to the fertile reproductive organs, staminodes and pistillodes displayed relatively high levels of global DNA methylation. These results are consistent with the observed reversibility of sterile organ developmental arrest observed in planta or in vitro in response to hormonal induction. Overall, these data demonstrate that the floral unisexuality of date palm is characterized by cell cycle arrest, higher DNA methylation in sterile sexual organs and an absence of cell degeneration rather than a cell death process. This study has improved our understanding of the mechanisms that govern the differentiation of sex organs and forms a useful starting point for research on the identification of molecular markers of sex determination in date palm.Kewords: Date palm - flower - sex determination - cell cycle - DNA methylation
Michel-Dansac, Fanny. "L'iconographie du palmier dans la Méditerranée antique : diffusion et sens du motif." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10107.
Full textThe pattern of the palm-tree, which appears as soon as the end of the IVth millennium BC in both Egypt and Mesopotamia, experiences a vast diffusion across the Ancient Mediterranean world during the IInd and Ist millennium BC. Its style situates it in the artistic, cultural, and religious tradition of a large number of regions: the Levant, Cyprus island, Ancient Greece, and the Western Mediterranean. This thesis, built on wide geographical and chronological fields of study, investigates the geographical distribution of the pattern arising from contacts and exchanges between various civilizations and highlights how a specific iconography, proper to each civilization, has been elaborated. Some symbolic developments, such as the religious aspect of the palm-tree and the connection or assimilation of the tree to humans, in particular to women, appear recurrent and allow one to address the question of the continuity of the pattern in various picture samples and the way the view of the tree manifests itself in each of these civilizations
Maxson, Brian Jeffrey. "Transnationalism in Fifteenth-Century Florence: The Cases of Poggio Bracciolini and Matteo Palmieri." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2671.
Full textVillegas, Marie-José. "Modalités d'obtention de protoplastes à partir du pollen : application au palmier à huile." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112484.
Full textProtoplasts from male gametophyte can be used either in haploidisation programs or in fusion manipulations. The isolation of such protoplasts has been tested with mature pollen (bicelluled) of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). From germinated pollen, protoplast isolation can be obtained by applying simultaneously plasmolysis and enzymatical digestion, onto pollen tubes. From non-germinated mature pollen the enzymatical incubation allows a digestion of one of the 3 germinal apertures which leads to the exit of protoplasts. By this way, the protoplast population is very heterogeneous in their size, involving different cytoplasmic and nuclear contents. Calcofluor white colorations showed the complete elimination of the pollinique walls around the protoplasts. The disinfection of male flowers was necessary to obtain protoplast isolation in sterile conditions and various protoplast culture conditions have been tested. The parameters tested during the culture are those generaly analysed. One of the main particularity of the culture medium is the use of lactose as the source of carbohydrated elements. The protoplasts in culture looked like callus protoplasts non chlorophylian, many cytoplasmic streams. These protoplasts evolved up to four nuclei after 48 h of cultural without further development. When nucleus extractions were done just after protoplast isolation, it was possible to collect vegetative and reproductive nuclei. The latter ones were often included in the generative cells. So, isolation of pollen protoplasts has been settled down in repeatable and sterile conditions. The prospects for the use of such haploid protoplasts are numerous and various since they bring through either applied or fundamental fields