Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Palmoil'

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Diacylglycerol rich oils have its organoleptic characteristics very similar to those of conventional edible oils, but these oils do not tend to accumulate in the body, even when consumed in high quantities, making them a great resource in the fight against obesity. Palm oil ranks first the world production of edible oils mainly due to its low cost. This work aimed to propose a new technology for enzyme production using diacylglycerol lipase Lipozyme RM IM and ultrasound to promote water in oil emulsions, which increases the interfacial area of the system leading to higher reaction rates compared to conventional enzymatic processes. . The reactions were carried out at 55 °C with two different methods. First, the reaction system was exposed to ultrasonic waves for the whole reaction time, which led to enzymatic inactivation and water evaporation. Ultrasound was then used to promote emulsification of the water/oil system before the hydrolysis reaction, avoiding contact between the probe and the enzymes. Achieved conversions were superior to the conventional method further hydrolysis rate when the ultrasound is employed for emulsion formation was significantly greater. For 12 hours of reaction the conversion was 85% higher than the conventional method and 15% higher for a period of 24 hours of reaction. . An experimental design was used to optimize the ultrasound-related parameters and maximize the hydrolysis rate, and in these conditions, with a change in equilibrium, DAG production was evaluated.Better reaction conditions were achieved for the second method: 11.20 wt% (water+oil mass) water content, 1.36 wt% (water+oil mass) enzyme load, 12 h of reaction time, 1.2 min and 200 W of exposure to ultrasound. In these conditions diacylglycerol yield was 37.69 wt%.
Óleos enriquecidos com diacilglicerol possuem características organolépticas muito semelhantes às dos óleos comestíveis convencionais, porém, estes óleos não tendem a se acumular no organismo, mesmo quando consumidos em altas quantidades, tornando-os um grande recurso no combate à obesidade. O óleo de palma está no topo da produção mundial de óleos comestíveis principalmente devido ao seu baixo custo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo propor uma nova tecnologia para a produção enzimática de diacilglicerol empregando a lipase Lipozyme RM IM e utilizando ultrassom como gerador de emulsões de água em óleo, o que aumenta a área interfacial do sistema conduzindo a maiores taxas de reação em relação aos processos enzimáticos convencionais. A hidrólise parcial do óleo de palma foi realizada em meio livre de solventes a 55 °C em duas etapas distintas e comparadas com reações em condições semelhantes sem o uso do ultrassom. Primeiramente o sistema reacional foi exposto às ondas ultrassônicas, o que levou a taxas iniciais de reação elevadas, porém, as conversões obtidas foram baixas, em função da desativação enzimática e da evaporação de água, pelo longo período de exposição ao ultrassom. Posteriormente, utilizou-se o ultrassom para gerar emulsões antes a etapa reacional, não permitindo seu contato com o sistema contendo a enzima. As conversões obtidas foram superiores ao método convencional, além disso, taxa de hidrólise quando se empregou o ultrassom para a formação de emulsões foi significativamente maior. Para 12 horas de reação a conversão foi 85% superior ao método convencional e de 15% superior para um período de 24 horas de reação. Foi desenvolvido um planejamento fatorial, o delineamento central composto rotacional para avaliar os efeitos das variáveis tempo de exposição ao ultrassom, potência do ultrassom e razão água/óleo na conversão em ácidos graxos livres da reação, sendo que a razão água/óleo e o produto tempo x potência apresentaram os maiores efeitos. Nas melhores condições, foi produzido um óleo concentrado com 37,69% de DAG em de 12h de reação, exposto ao ultrassom por 1,2min à 200W.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente trabalho discute algumas questões que acompanham minha produção artística desde 2013, como a recorrência de procedimentos tradicionais construtivos e a proximidade com as medidas do corpo, assim como os métodos vernaculares de medição empregados na estruturação de projetos. Este pensamento construtivo desenvolvido através da prática em artes visuais resultou em algumas impressões acerca da espacialidade nas pinturas de Almeida Júnior, principalmente nos quadros da fase regionalista, onde o pintor retrata cenas do interior paulista. Assim, foi feita uma leitura das imagens a partir dos elementos compositivos da paisagem, dos objetos e dos gestos dos personagens, ilustrando os argumentos por meio de dados e características recorrentes no cotidiano rural de comunidades caipiras e caiçaras. Desse modo, o estudo descreve a organização espacial dessas populações e as relações do homem com o seu território: físico, geográfico e subjetivo, imaterial.
This dissertation discusses some issues that accompany my artistic production since 2013, such as the recurrence of traditional constructive procedures and the proximity to body measurements, as well as vernacular measurement methods used in project design. This constructive thinking developed through in the visual arts practice has resulted in some impressions about the spatiality in Almeida Júnior’s paintings, mainly in the the regionalist phase works, where the painter depicts scenes from the interior of São Paulo. Thus, a reading of the images was made from the compositional elements of the landscape, the objects and the gestures of the characters, illustrating the arguments through data and recurrent characteristics in the rural daily life of caipiras and caiçaras communities. Thus, the study describes the spatial organization of these populations and the relations of man with his territory: physical, geographical and subjective, immaterial.
CAPES: 1588052

Orientador(a): José Paiani Spaniol
Banca: Maria Cecília França Lourenço
Banca: Fernanda Mendonça Pitta
Resumo: O presente trabalho discute algumas questões que acompanham minha produção artística desde 2013, como a recorrência de procedimentos tradicionais construtivos e a proximidade com as medidas do corpo, assim como os métodos vernaculares de medição empregados na estruturação de projetos. Este pensamento construtivo desenvolvido através da prática em artes visuais resultou em algumas impressões acerca da espacialidade nas pinturas de Almeida Júnior, principalmente nos quadros da fase regionalista, onde o pintor retrata cenas do interior paulista. Assim, foi feita uma leitura das imagens a partir dos elementos compositivos da paisagem, dos objetos e dos gestos dos personagens, ilustrando os argumentos por meio de dados e características recorrentes no cotidiano rural de comunidades caipiras e caiçaras. Desse modo, o estudo descreve a organização espacial dessas populações e as relações do homem com o seu território: físico, geográfico e subjetivo, imaterial
Abstract: This dissertation discusses some issues that accompany my artistic production since 2013, such as the recurrence of traditional constructive procedures and the proximity to body measurements, as well as vernacular measurement methods used in project design. This constructive thinking developed through in the visual arts practice has resulted in some impressions about the spatiality in Almeida Júnior's paintings, mainly in the the regionalist phase works, where the painter depicts scenes from the interior of São Paulo. Thus, a reading of the images was made from the compositional elements of the landscape, the objects and the gestures of the characters, illustrating the arguments through data and recurrent characteristics in the rural daily life of caipiras and caiçaras communities. Thus, the study describes the spatial organization of these populations and the relations of man with his territory: physical, geographical and subjective, immaterial
Mestre

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A manutenção da qualidade dos solos tem sido um desafio para cientistas, técnicos e agricultores. Dados da FAO apontam que 25% dos solos agrícolas do mundo estão degradados, o que fez com que a ONU decretasse 2015 o Ano Internacional dos Solos, buscando sensibilizar a sociedade mundial para este problema, que compromete a sustentabilidade do planeta. A avaliação dos solos se faz com o uso de indicadores, atributos do solo que permitem avaliar e concluir sobre a sua qualidade. Esses indicadores são desenvolvidos por cientistas e por agricultores. O desafio posto é promover um diálogo entre os indicadores acadêmicos e os etnoindicadores, para orientar o manejo do solo de forma a potencializar suas funções e a sustentabilidade da agricultura. O objetivo geral desta tese foi identificar e sistematizar, de forma dialogada com os/as agricultores/as familiares, etnoindicadores de qualidade do solo e, a partir deles, constuir uma base de avaliação sobre a qualidade do solo e estratégias de manejo sustentável dos agroecossistemas. O referencial teórico-metodológico utilizado foi a pesquisa participante, com a utilização de técnicas participativas para o reconhecimento e valorização do saber dos agricultores, com base nos princípios da Etnopedologia e da Agroecologia. Os etnoindicadores de qualidade do solo utilizados pelos agricultores de duas comunidades rurais dos municípios de Araponga (Sítio Oito de Março) e Muriaé (Associação Bonsucesso) foram identificados e sistematizados. Tais comunidades se localizam na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Realizou-se em conjunto com os agricultores a estratificação ambiental e a espacialização dos ambientes, utilizando etnoindicadores de qualidade do solo, e avaliou-se também com os agricultores a qualidade dos diferentes ambientes estratificados. A análise química foi o ponto de partida para uma discussão sobre formação de solo e manejo integrado da fertilidade com ênfase nas práticas agroecológicas de manejo do solo, que compreendem a fertilidade do solo de forma holística e não apenas como um balanço de nutrientes presentes no solo. Levantaram-se vinte e dois indicadores, sete deles referentes a aspectos biológicos do solo, dois a atributos químicos, sete referentes aos aspectos físicos e seis indicadores visuais. Os resultados demonstraram a riqueza de conhecimentos dos agricultores/as sobre o solo e as diversas interações que ocorrem em seus agroecossistemas. Os agricultores de Araponga estratificaram a área do Assentamento Sítio Oito de Março em treze ambientes diferentes e os agricultores de Muriaé estratificaram a área da Associação Bonsucesso em quinze ambientes distintos. A partir das informações dos agricultores foi construída uma chave de identificação de ambientes para cada assentamento, sendo a pedoforma o principal atributo de estratificação. A estratificação realizada pelos/as agricultores/as foi similar às classificações científicas no que se refere à pedoforma, mas incorporou outros atributos do solo, como a estrutura e a exposição do terreno ao sol, o que permitiu maior detalhamento, possível nesta escala de trabalho. Com o uso de uma metodologia participativa e de campo, os agricultores aprenderam a avaliar os diferentes ambientes dos assentamentos, atribuindo-lhes notas. Com isto, os agricultores podem, com suas adaptações, aperfeiçoar ainda mais sua capacidade de observação, monitoramento e avaliação de seus ambientes e melhorar o manejo de seus agroecossistemas. A riqueza de informação sobre os etnoindicadores de qualidade do solo aliada à estratificação ambiental demonstrou o enorme conhecimento dos agricultores sobre o solo e as diversas interações que ocorrem em seus agroecossistemas. Este conhecimento não é estático, pelo contrário, está em constante transformação, pois eles aprendem na medida em que manejam e observam suas áreas, assim como quando interagem com outras pessoas. Muitos indicadores apontados pelos agricultores são encontrados na literatura científica internacional, demonstrando assim que o conhecimento dos agricultores é mais cosmopolita do que sugere algumas literaturas. Em muitos casos os indicadores apontados pelos agricultores coincidiram com os indicadores técnicos de qualidade do solo, mas em alguns casos suas avaliações são mais detalhadas porque utlizam indicadores mais sensíveis. Por exemplo, os solos de diversas áreas não apresentaram diferenças quando utilizada a análise química de rotina como indicadora, mas com base nas plantas espontâneas, tais áreas diferenciadas e estratificadas em mais detalhes. Considerou-se que o uso de indicadores técnicos e etnoindicadores foram complementares e ambos foram importantes para avaliar a qualidade do solo com mais precisão. O processo de troca de conhecimentos entre técnicos e agricultores foi imensamente rico, com todos aprendendo e ensinando e contribuiu para ressignificar a avaliação da qualidade do solo, muitas vezes feita com base exclusivamente na análise química de rotina dos solos. Esta também foi ressignificada durante os estudos, onde os agricultores tiveram a oportunidade de aprender como interpretar seus resultados. Uma metodologia denominada “Feira de Solos” foi utilizada para devolver os resultados da pesquisa sobre etnoindicadores de qualidade do solo. Durante a feira foi possível trocar outras experiências e aprofundar ainda mais o conhecimento sobre manejo agroecológico do solo com agricultores e agricultoras participantes da pesquisa. A devolução dos resultados das pesquisas foi entendida como um compromisso social e ético assumido pelo pesquisador, e parte da pesquisa participante. O seminário de defesa da tese foi entendido também como parte do processo de intercâmbio entre o saber local e o conhecimento científico e por isto foi acompanhado pelos agricultores participantes da pesquisa.
The maintenance of soil quality has been a challenge for scientists, technicians and farmers. FAO data show that 25% of agricultural soils in the world are degraded, which caused the UN decreed 2015 the International Year of Soils, seeking to sensitize the world society to this problem, which jeopardizes the sustainability of the planet. The evaluation of soil is done with the use of indicators, developed by scientists and by farmers. The challenge posed is to promote a dialogue between academic indicators and etnoindicators to guide soil management in order to enhance its functions and the sustainability of agriculture. The objective of this thesis was to identify and systematize, in a dialogue with the farmers, the etnoindicators relatives of soil quality and, from them, build a knowledge base on soil quality and sustainable management strategies of agro-ecosystems. The theoretical framework used was participatory research, with the use of participatory techniques for identifying and recognizing the knowledge of farmers, based on the principles of Ethnopedology and Agroecology. The soil quality etnoindicators used by farmers in two rural communities in the municipalities of Araponga (Sítio Oito de Março) and Muriaé (Associação Bonsucesso) were identified and systematized. These communities are located in the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Together with farmers, using etnoindicators soil quality, an environmental stratification and map of the environments were done, as well as, the evaluation of the quality of different stratified environments. Chemical analysis was the starting point for a discussion on soil formation and integrated management of fertility with emphasis on agroecological practices of soil management, which comprise the fertility holistically and not only as a nutrient balance in the soil. The survey identified twenty-two indicators, seven of them related to soil biology, two to the chemical attributes, seven related to the physical attributes, and six to the visual indicators. The results demonstrated the richness of the knowledge of the farmers related to the soil and the various interactions that occur in their agricultural ecosystems. The farmers, in Araponga, stratified the area of the Sítio Oito de Março in thirteen different environments and the farmers, in Muriaé, stratified the area of Associação Bonsucesso in fifteen different environments. From the information of farmers, an identification key for the environments was organized for each settlement. The landform was the main attribute to stratify the environments. The stratification performed by farmers was similar to scientific stratification with respect to the landform, but incorporated other soil properties, such as structure and the exposure of the field to the sun, allowing more details, possible in this working scale. Using a participatory and field methodology, farmers have learned to evaluate the different environments of the settlements, giving them notes. As a result, farmers can, with their adaptations, further improve their capacity for observation, monitoring and evaluation of their environments and for improve the management of their agro-ecosystems. A richness of information on soil quality etnoindicators coupled with the information on environmental stratification demonstrated the amount of knowledge of farmers. This knowledge is not static, on the other way around, it is constantly changing as the farmers keep observing their areas, as well as interacting with others. Many indicators pointed by the farmers are found in the international scientific literature, demonstrating that the knowledge of farmers is more cosmopolitan than some literature suggest. In many cases the indicators mentioned by the farmers coincided with the technical indicators of soil quality, but in some cases their assessments are more detailed because they use more sensitive indicators. For example, soils from different areas showed no differences when using the routine chemical analysis as an indicator, but based on weeds, such areas were differentiated and stratified in more detail. We considered that the use of technical indicators and etnoindicators were complementary and both were important for evaluating soil quality more accurately. The process of exchange of knowledge between technicians and farmers was immensely rich, with all learning and teaching and contributed to reframe the assessment of soil quality, often made based solely on chemical routine analysis of the soil. The routine analysis also got a new meaning during the studies, when the farmers had the opportunity to learn how to interpret it. The methodology called “Soil Fair” was used to share the results of the research. During the fair it was possible to exchange other experiences and further deepen knowledge on the agro-ecological soil management with farmers participating in the research. To share the research results was a social and ethical commitment of the researcher. The thesis defense seminar was also understood as part of the exchange process between local and scientific knowledge and because of that it was accompanied by the farmers enrolled in the research.

In this thesis a new signal processing technique is presented. This technique exploits the use of pulses as the signalling mechanism. This Palmo signalling method applied to signal processing is novel, combining the advantages of both digital and analogue techniques. Pulsed signals are robust, inherently low-power, easily regenerated, and easily distributed across and between chips. The Palmo cells used to perform analogue operations on the pulsed signals are compact, fast, simple and programmable. To demonstrate the inherent suitability of the technique to programmable analogue implementations, two chips were fabricated and tested on boards containing a standard FPGA for doing the routing. Results from elementary filter implementations and A/D converters are presented to prove the validity of the approach. Finally a current-mode log-domain BiCMOS Palmo circuit is analysed, which enables much higher sample frequencies than the voltage domain Palmo counterparts.

Introdução: Atualmente, a simpatectomia torácica videoassistida tornou-se o tratamento de escolha para hiperidrose palmar. O principal efeito colateral após operação é a hiperidrose compensatória (HC), sendo considerada a maior causa de insatisfação pelos pacientes. Objetivo: Comparar os resultados obtidos com a simpatectomia torácica videotoracoscópica realizada em dois níveis ganglionares distintos (terceiro versus quarto gânglio torácico) no tratamento da hiperidrose palmo-plantar, por meio de um ensaio clínico randomizado e cego. Método: Foram selecionados 40 pacientes entre fevereiro de 2007 e maio de 2009. Os participantes foram aleatorizados em dois grupos de 20 pacientes (G3 e G4) e submetidos à operação com seguimento de 12 meses (1ª semana, 1° mês, 6° mês e 12° mês). Utilizamos um método objetivo para mensuração do suor, aferindo a TEWL (transepidermal water loss) pelo VapoMeter, além da avaliação da qualidade de vida antes e após a operação. Também foram estudados: resolução da hiperidrose palmar, incidência e intensidade da HC. Resultados: Todos os pacientes apresentaram resolução da hiperidrose palmar após a operação, com diferença estatística em relação ao fator tempo, quando comparados os valores da TEWL palmar no pré-operatório com os seus respectivos valores na 1ª semana, 1° mês, 6° mês e 12° mês. O principal efeito colateral observado foi a hiperidrose compensatória, incidindo com maior frequência no grupo G3 após 12 meses de seguimento; apesar disto, não houve diferença estatística em relação à intensidade (gravidade) da HC nos grupos estudados. Verificou-se melhora da qualidade de vida desde a primeira avaliação do pós-operatório, sem diferença entre os grupos, que assim se manteve até o fim do estudo. As regiões mais acometidas pela HC foram dorso, tórax, abdome e coxas; no entanto, não houve diferença estatística da TEWL mensurada nessas regiões após 12 meses de acompanhamento. Conclusão: Ambas as técnicas foram efetivas no tratamento da hiperidrose palmar, gerando redução objetiva da TEWL independente do gânglio operado. A simpatectomia no nível de G3 apresentou maior incidência de HC; apesar disso, a melhora da qualidade de vida foi similar em ambos os grupos, não existindo diferença significativa da TEWL quantificada no dorso, abdome, coxas e pés após 12 meses
Introduction: Currently, video-assisted thoracic sympathectomy has become the preferred treatment for palmar hyperhidrosis. The main side effect after surgery remains compensatory hyperhidrosis (CH), considered the major cause of dissatisfaction for patients. Objective: To compare the results obtained of video-assisted sympathectomy performed on two distinct ganglion levels (third versus fourth thoracic ganglion) in the treatment of palmo-plantar hyperhidrosis, through a blind randomized clinical trial. Method: We selected 40 patients from February 2007 to May 2009. All participants were randomized into two groups of 20 patients (G3 and G4) and underwent the operation, being followed for 12 months (1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 12th month). We used an objective method for measuring sweat, checking the \"TEWL (transepidermal water loss) measured by the\"VapoMeter\", and evaluated the quality of life before and after the operation. Also studied were: palmar hyperhidrosis, incidence and intensity of the CH. Results: All patients ceased suffering from palmar hyperhidrosis after surgery, with statistical difference regarding the time factor when we compared the values of \"TEWL\" palmar preoperatively with their respective values at 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 12th month. The main side effect observed was compensatory sweating, most frequent in G3 after 12 months of follow-up; despite this, there was no statistical difference regarding the intensity (severity) of CH in both groups. There was an improvement in quality of life since the first evaluation of the postoperative period, with no difference between groups, and so it remained until the end of follow-up. The areas most affected by CH were back, chest, abdomen and thighs; however, there was no statistical difference in the \"TEWL\" measured in these areas after 12 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Both techniques were effective in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis, generating objective reduction of \"TEWL\" regardless of the ganglion operated. Sympathectomy G3 had a higher incidence of CH, yet the improvement in quality of life was similar in both groups without significant differences of \"TEWL\" quantified on the back, abdomen, thighs and legs after 12 months of follow up

Die PDAs von Palm Inc. und seinen Lizenznehmern werden gerne zur Adress- und Terminverwaltung eingesetzt. Damit ist ihr Leistungspotential jedoch nicht erschöpft. Wer gerne selbst Applikationen für Palm PDAs entwickeln möchte, ist dabei nicht zwingend auf eine windowsbasierte Entwicklungsumgebung angewiesen. Unter Linux gibt es Compiler, Ressourceeditoren und Emulatoren für PalmOS. Ich werde in meinem Vortrag diese Werkzeuge vorstellen, demonstrieren und ein Beispielprogramm zeigen.

Objectives: Patients with hyperhidrosis suffer from an extreme perspiration that cannot be aligned with natural or situ- ational standards. Endoscopic sympathectomy is a meaningful option for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. A stan- dardized method of monitoring the immediate intraoperative success has not been established yet. The presented investigation shows one proposed sollution by monitoring skin surface temperature. The main aspect is to demonstrate a sig- nificant rise in temperature with utility for monitoring the immediate success of surgery. Methods: Twenty patients with primary hyperhidrosis were observed and treated in a standardized setting against a control group (n = 10). We obtained diverse data that permit determination of a point of time of measurement of surface temperature and definition of a degree of temperature variance. Results: After 5 minutes a significant change of 0.5 ̊ Celcius was noted on the palms; after 10 minutes on average 1.2 ̊ Celcius. Axillary temperature had significantly changed after 10 minutes with a mean temperature variation of 0.8 ̊ Celcius on the right side and 0.6 ̊ Celcius on the left side. Conclusions: Under consideration of appropriate time intervals of measurement and determined changes in surface temperature an early control of correct clip application in ETS is possible. In the palmar aspect an increase of 0.5 ̊ Celcius at an 5 minutes interval, and more than 1 ̊ Celcius at 10 minutes after placement of the clip as compared to basic values before application of the clip can be proposed.

Mestrado em Gestão
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo determinar quais os fatores que influenciam a tomada de decisão da compra dos pais e identificar quais os agentes que contribuem para que as crianças tenham influência na decisão de compra dos pais. Assim, pretende-se aferir o impacto que as crianças têm na tomada de decisão de compra dos pais, bem como identificar os perfis de consumo dos pais em alturas de “pré-crise económica” e em “crise económica”. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, de forma a contextualizar o presente estudo e suportar um modelo conceptual de análise. Devido ao fato de este ser um estudo exploratório, a metodologia praticada envolve duas abordagens: qualitativa e quantitativa, sendo que na abordagem qualitativa foram realizados dois “focus group” a crianças dos 3 aos 9 anos de idade e na abordagem quantitativa foi levado a cabo um questionário aplicado a uma amostra de 130 indivíduos. Através da análise e discussão dos resultados verifica-se que Portugal, após ter entrado num período de recessão económica, os hábitos de consumo da maior parte das famílias portuguesas sofreu uma forte alteração (afetando assim o perfil de consumidor), principalmente nas atividades e produtos de lazer, comida e vestuário.
The following dissertation aims to determine what factors influence the purchase decision-making of the parents and identify which agents contribute to the children’s influence on their parents' purchasing decisions. Thus it is assessed the impact that children have on their parents’ purchase decisions, and identify the parents’ consumer profiles in times of "economic pre-crisis" and "economic crisis". So, in order to do this, a literature review was carried out contextualizing this study and supporting a conceptual model analysis. Due to the fact that this is an exploratory study, the present methodology involves two approaches: qualitative and quantitative, and according to a qualitative approach two "focus groups" were made involving children from 3 to 9 years old, also, regarding the quantitative approach a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 130 individuals. Through results analysis and discussion, it is shown that in Portugal, while going through a period of economic recession, the consumption habits of most Portuguese families suffered a severe change (thus affecting their consumer profile), especially in the leisure, food and clothing departments.

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O objeto desta dissertação é a Comunidade de Santo Antônio do Morro Grande, localizada na Zona da Mata mineira. Uma comunidade que em 2007, conquistou o status de “remanescente de quilombo” requerido pelo artigo 68, dos Atos das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias – ADCT, da Constituição Federal de 1988. A questão central da pesquisa concentrou-se em torno do processo de constituição do território que os moradores da comunidade, hoje, reconhecem como sua propriedade. Nesse sentido privilegiamos a valorização dos relatos de memória dos moradores mais idosos. A definição desta questão partiu de inquietações que acumulamos com relação às dificuldades de aplicabilidade deste artigo 68, decorrentes, em alguma medida, também, de dificuldades postas para a conceituação do termo “remanescentes de quilombos”. Nesse sentido, privilegiamos o estudo das categorias comunidade negra rural, alteridade e cidadania.
The object of this dissertation is the Communit of Santo Antõnio do Morro Grande, located in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. A communit that in 2007, won the status of “remnant of Quilombo” required by article 68 of the Temporary Constitutional Provisions Act – ADCT, of the Federal Constitution promulgated in 1988. The central research question focused around the process of incorporation of the territory that the residents of the communit, today, recognize as his own. In this sense we favor the recovery of the reportedmemory of older residents. The definition of this issue came from concerns that we have accumulated with respect to the difficulties of applicability of article 68, due in some measure, also brought difficulties for the definition of the term “remnants of Quilombo”. In this sense we favor the study of the categories rural black community, otherness and citizenship.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia da Saúde
Esta investigação teve como objectivo, avaliar a incidência de risco neurobiológico e desenvolvimento em grandes prematuros e a identificação de variáveis que pudessem ser consideradas de valor preditivo no prognóstico do desenvolvimento posterior. A amostra, constituída por 30 crianças com idade gestacional inferior a 33 semanas e peso à nascença inferior a 1500 gr., foi avaliada em dois momentos distintos. Num primeiro momento, em internamento, foram consideradas variáveis essencialmente clínicas como: Factores pré-natais, Idade gestacional, Peso à nascença índice de Apgar, CRIB, TISS. Tempo de internamento, Patologias, Exame Neurológico e de Visão, e num segundo momento, na Alta, considerou-se o Exame neurológico, o de Audição e a avaliação do Desenvolvimento psicomotor aos 3 e 6 meses (idade corrigida) através das Escalas de Desenvolvimento Infantil da Bayley, do Inventário de Desenvolvimento da Batelle e da Escala de Desenvolvimento da Griffiths. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que cerca de 23,3% da amostra apresentavam características de risco biológico e alterações neurológicas e 3,3% apresentavam alterações ao nível sensorial. Em termos do desenvolvimento psicomotor geral, observaram-se resultados inferiores a norma, nomeadamente na idade de 6 meses. Quanto à identificação de variáveis de valor preditivo, observámos algumas correlações entre a Idade gestacional, Peso à nascença, CRIB. tempo de internamento. Exame neurológico e algumas dimensões do desenvolvimento, essencialmente motoras. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz da literatura e das suas implicações para futuros estudos e intervenções.

Mestrado em Marketing
As crianças de acordo com o seu desenvolvimento, tanto cognitivo como social, tornam-se membros influenciadores da família. Esta, sendo o seu primeiro suporte ao longo da sua vida, é o primeiro com quem interage. A criança observa o comportamento dos pais e está atento à comunicação utilizada. Dada a importância da criança, esta investigação pretende compreender o perfil da criança enquanto consumidora e o seu papel influente nas decisões de compra da família. Pretende-se entender a relevância da família e das suas características nas escolhas da criança, analisar as táticas de influência e a capacidade dos pais em acederem ou não aos pedidos dos filhos entre os 3-14 anos. Para uma análise concreta, a pesquisa assume uma abordagem quantitativa. Foram recolhidos dados através de um inquérito por questionário online, utilizando-se para isso uma amostra não probabilística por bola de neve, de 488 inquiridos, sendo a amostra final de 402 respostas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, há uma associação entre a escolaridade dos pais e a importância da opinião da criança nas decisões de compra. Para a amostra em estudo, a família é o principal agente de socialização da criança. As crianças utilizam maioritariamente a tática da persuasão para a faixa etária dos 3-6 anos e dos 11-14 anos e influenciam essencialmente para produtos como as mercearias doces, brinquedos e vestuário. Para as empresas, compreenderem as motivações de compra bem como as situações de influência, permite de forma mais concreta definir e direcionar as suas campanhas de marketing.
Children according to their development, both cognitive and social, become influential members of the family. This, being his first support throughout his life, is the first with whom he interacts. The child observes the behavior of parents and is aware of communication used. Given the importance of the child, this research aims to understand the profile of the child as a consumer and its influential role in family purchase decisions. It aims to understand the relevance of the family and its characteristics in the child's choices, analyze the tactics of influence and the parent's ability to access or not to the demands of children between 3-14 years. For a detailed analysis, the research takes a quantitative approach. Data were collected through a survey by online questionnaire, using for this a non-probabilistic snowball sample of 488 respondents, with a final sample of 402 responses. According to the results, there is an association between parental education and the importance of the child's opinion in purchasing decisions. For the study sample, the family is the main agent of socialization of the child. The children mostly use the relational persuation tactic for the age group of 3-6 years and 11-14 years and essentially influence for products like sweet groceries, toys and clothing. For the companies, understanding both the buying motivations and the influence situations, can define and target their marketing campaigns more accurately.
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Esta dissertação faz uma análise da história da Seção Infantil Erico Verissimo da Bibliotheca Pública Pelotense entre os anos de 1945 e 1958. A Seção Infantil fundada em maio de 1946 atendeu a crianças de escolas públicas e particulares de Pelotas durante mais de 50 anos até ser desativada e transformada em espaço infanto-juvenil pela direção da Bibliotheca em 2003. O texto descreve a estruturação, fundação, funcionamento e as diversas atividades desenvolvidas pela Seção Infantil durante o período analisado. A fundação da Seção Infantil fez parte de um processo de reestruturação e modernização da Bibliotheca Pública Pelotense que começou em 1945 envolvendo profissionalização dos bibliotecários, catalogação e atualização do acervo, melhorias no atendimento aos sócios e disponibilização do acervo. Esse processo de modernização teve ampla divulgação na imprensa local e um dos seus destaques era a fundação Seção Infantil, que seria, segundo as fontes analisadas, a primeira biblioteca infantil do Rio Grande do Sul. Essa biblioteca tinha o objetivo de ser um centro cultural infantil oferecendo aos seus freqüentadores atividades como hora do conto, cinema, teatro, arte e, também, a produção do jornal Mundo Infantil no interior da biblioteca. Essas atividades estavam embasadas em uma sólida proposta pedagógica que buscava fazer da Seção Infantil um espaço educacional que contribuísse para a formação da infância pelotense.

Mestrado em Microbiologia
A inativação fotodinâmica (PDI) é um método simples e eficaz para destruir microrganismos. Esta tecnologia baseia-se na administração de um fotossensibilizador (FS), normalmente uma porfirina ou derivados de ftalocianina, que é preferencialmente acumulado nas células microbianas. A posterior irradiação com luz visível, na presença de oxigénio, conduz à formação de espécies citotóxicas, particularmente espécies reativas de oxigénio (ROS), tais como radicais livres e oxigénio singuleto, que causam danos celulares específicos e levam à inativação do microrganismo. Os principais alvos de PDI são as estruturas microbianas externas, como as paredes e membranas celulares. O conhecimento de como estes alvos moleculares são afetados assume uma grande importância para melhor compreender o processo de fotoinativação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito causado por cinco derivados porfirínicos com diferente distribuição de carga durante o processo de fotoinativação em lípidos membranares de Escherichia coli. O efeito foi avaliado por quantificação de hidroperóxidos lipídicos e por análise da variação do perfil de ácidos gordos. Culturas de E. coli foram irradiadas com luz branca na presença de cada um dos fotossensibilizadores (5.0 μM) durante 90 e 270 minutos. Após o ensaio de fotoinativação os lípidos membranares foram extraídos e quantificados através do ensaio de fósforo. Os hidroperóxidos presentes nos extratos lipídicos totais foram quantificados através de FOX2 (ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange) e o perfil de ácidos gordos foi adquirido por cromatografia gasosa com detetor de ionização em chama (GC-FID). Após PDI, foi observado a formação de hidroperóxidos com qualquer um dos fotossensibilizadores. A análise do perfil de ácidos gordos mostrou uma diminuição dos ácidos gordos insaturados que dependeu diretamente da distribuição de carga na porfirina. O fotossensibilizador que induziu a maior diminuição de ácidos gordos insaturados foi o que apresentou uma maior taxa de inativação. Uma vez provado que os lípidos da membrana bacteriana são afetados durante PDI, foi também avaliado o efeito dos mesmos fotossensiblizadores em sistemas modelo utilizando lipossomas de 1-palmitoil-2-oleoil-sn-glicero-3-fosfoetanolamina. A oxidação lipídica foi avaliada por espectrometria de massa com ionização por electrospray (ESI-MS). Foram adquiridos espectros de MS para todos os sensibilizadores em diversos tempos e concentrações para avaliar o efeito destas duas variáveis no processo de fotoinativação. Concluiu-se que os fosfolípidos das membranas bacterianas são importantes alvos moleculares de fotoinativação sendo a formação de hidroperóxidos um bom indicador deste processo.
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a simple and controllable method to destroy microorganisms based on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g. free radicals and singlet oxygen), which irreversibly oxidize microorganism’s vital constituents resulting in lethal damage. This technology requires the combined action of oxygen, light and a sensitizer (FS), which absorbs and uses the energy from light to produce those ROS. The main targets of the antibacterial photodynamic activity are the external microbial structures, as cell walls and cell membranes. For a better understanding of photoinactivation process, the knowledge of how some molecular targets are affected by PDI assumes a great importance. The aim of this work was to study the effect caused by positive charged porphyrin derivatives, used as FS, during photoinactivation process on Escherichia coli lipids. In this context, the effect of five porphyrin derivatives, bearing one to four positive charge was evaluated by the quantification of lipid hydroperoxides and by analysis of the variation of fatty acyl profiling. E. coli suspensions were irradiated with white light in the presence of each FS (5.0 μM) and non-photosensitized bacteria were used as dark (with FS and without light) and light (irradiated without FS) controls. After PDI, the total lipids were extracted and quantified by phosphorus assay. Lipid oxidation was quantified by ferrous oxidation in xylenol orange (FOX2) assay and the fatty acyl profiling analysis was done by gas chromatography (GC). After PDI, it was observed an overall increase in the lipid hydroperoxides contents depending to the FS charge and its distribution on the macrocycle. The pattern of lipid oxidation had a high correlation with photoinactivation effectiveness of the five cationic porphyrins. In fact the FS that induced higher lipid oxidation was the one that corresponded to higher bacterial inactivation. Analysis of fatty acyl profile by GC showed a decrease in the unsaturated fatty acids, corroborate the relationship between lipid oxidation and photoinactivation. It was also evaluated the same sensitizers effects on the standard 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. The oxidation of lipid was assessed by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI-MS). MS spectra were acquired for all photosensitises in separated systems at different times and concentrations to evaluate the effect of these two variables in efficiency of the photoinactivation. It can be concluded that bacterial membrane phospholipids are important molecular targets of photoinactivation being the formation of hydroperoxy derivatives a good indicator of the process.

Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) enzymes catalyze the conversion of long-chain acyl-CoA to acyl-carnitines, thus facilitating the entry of long-chain fatty acids to the mitochondria, where they undergo β-oxidation. There are three isoforms: the liver isoform CPT1A (Esser, V. 1993), the muscle isoform CPT1B (Yamazaki, N. 1995) and the brain-specific isoform CPT1C (Price, N. 2002). CPT1A and CPT1B are localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane and are rate-limiting enzymes in fatty-acid β-oxidation. The CPT1C isoform, was first described in 2002, is expressed exclusively in the central nervous system, with a homogeneous distribution in all areas such as hippocampus, cortex, hypothalamus, cerebellum and others. CPT1C enzyme highly differs from the two other isozymes. Its C-terminal region is longer than that of the other CPTs (Price, N. 2002). It is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cells, rather than in mitochondria, and so it does not facilitate fatty acid oxidation (Sierra, A.Y. 2008). Analysis of amino sequence of CPT1C reveals that all important residues for CPT1 activity are conserved in CPT1C enzyme, despite this, no catalytic activity was found (Price, N. 2002; Wolfgang, M.J. 2006), but it binds the CPT1 physiological inhibitor malonyl-CoA with the same affinity as CPT1A (Wolfgang, M.J. 2006). Finally, CPT1C is only present in mammals and appears to stem from a relatively recent CPT1A gene duplication (Price, N. 2002). The other isozymes are expressed in such organisms as fish, reptiles, amphibians or insects. This suggests a specific role for CPT1C in more evolved brains. At the physiological level, CPT1C contributes to the control of food intake and energy homeostasis (Wolfgang, M.J. 2006; Gao, X.F. 2009). Two independent groups developed a CPT1C-KO mouse, and both lines showed decreased food intake respect to wild-type animals (WT). However, when fed a high-fat diet, they were more susceptible to obesity and diabetes, presenting lower rates of peripheral fatty acid oxidation. All these effects were attributed to the hypothalamic function of CPT1C, since ectopic over-expression of CPT1C in hypothalamus protected mice from adverse weight gain caused by high-fat diet (Dai, Y. 2007). Moreover, the involvement of CPT1C in energy homeostasis has also been confirmed in transgenic animals over-expressing CPT1C specifically in brain (Reamy, A.A. 2011). At the molecular level, in collaboration with the group of Dr. Gary Lopaschuk, we showed that CPT1C is involved in the anorectic action of leptin, by modulating ceramide synthesis in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus (Gao, S. 2011). Interestingly, recent findings in tumor cells showed a new, unexpected role of CPT1C in the metabolic transformations reported in tumor cell growth (Zaugg, K. 2011). The authors demonstrated that CPT1C is frequently expressed in human lung tumors and protects cancerous cells from death induced by glucose deprivation or hypoxia. The results suggest that CPT1C might provide unidentified fatty-acid derived products that would be beneficial for cell survival under metabolic stress. However, despite these recent findings about CPT1C, little is known about its catalytic activity or its physiological function in other brain areas. We demonstrate that CPT1C has low CPT1 activity although it has similar affinity for its substrates: carnitine and palmitoyl-CoA than CPT1A isoform. The present study also shows that CPT1-KO mice have reduced long-chain acyl-carnitine levels in the hippocampus, hypothalamus or cerebellum. We examined whether CPT1C is expressed in the peripheral nervous system: in the ventral horn of the spinal cord (motor neurons) and in the sensitive ganglions, in addition to the brain. We found that CPT1C is expressed in both regions, albeit at lower levels than in the brain. We also examined CPT1C expression along mouse development, and we found that CPT1C protein expression is present in early stage of embryos at day 15, is increased postnatally and reaches its expression peak in adulthood. Moreover, CPT1C is expressed in pyramidal neurons of hippocampus and is located in ER throughout the neuron, even inside dendritic spines. We used molecular, cellular and behavioral approaches to determine CPT1C function. First, we analyzed the implication of CPT1C in ceramide metabolism. CPT1C over-expression in primary hippocampal cultured neurons increased ceramide levels, an effect that was blocked by treatment with myriocin, an inhibitor of the de novo synthesis of ceramide. Correspondingly, CPT1C knock-out (KO) mice showed reduced ceramide levels in hippocampus, cerebellum, striatum and motor cortex, mainly during fasting. At the cellular level, CPT1C deficiency altered dendritic spine morphology by increasing immature filopodia and reducing mature mushroom and stubby spines. Total protrusion density and spine head area in mature spines were unaffected. Treatment of cultured neurons with exogenous ceramide reverted the KO phenotype, as did ectopic over-expression of CPT1C, indicating that CPT1C regulation of spine maturation is mediated by ceramide. To study the repercussions of the KO phenotype on cognition and motor function, we performed the hippocampus-dependent Morris Water Maze (MWM) test and some motor tests on mice. Results show that CPT1C-KO mice are hypoactive and exhibit clear deficits in motor function, especially in coordination skills and strength. Moreover, CPT1C deficiency strongly impairs spatial learning without affecting memory or cognitive flexibility. So, all these results demonstrate that CPT1C regulates the de novo synthesis of ceramide in ER of hippocampal neurons and this is a relevant mechanism for the correct maturation of dendritic spines and for proper spatial learning.
ESTUDIO DE LA FUNCIÓN FISIOLÓGICA DE LA ENZIMA CPT1C La isoforma carnitina palmitoil transferasa 1C (CPT1C) se expresa únicamente en cerebro y ha sido implicada en la regulación hipotalámica de la ingesta de alimentos y la homeostasis energética. No obstante, su función molecular y su papel en otras áreas del cerebro son desconocidas. Hemos demostrado que CPT1C se expresa en las neuronas piramidales del hipocampo y se localiza en el retículo endoplásmico a lo largo de la neurona, incluso dentro de las espinas dendríticas. Hemos utilizado métodos moleculares, celulares y conductuales para determinar la función de CPT1C. En primer lugar, analizamos la implicación de CPT1C en el metabolismo de la ceramida. La sobre-expresión de CPT1C en neuronas de hipocampo aumentó los niveles de ceramidas, un efecto que fue bloqueado por el tratamiento con miriocina, un inhibidor de la síntesis de novo de la ceramida. En consecuencia, los ratones CPT1C knock-out (CPT1C-KO) demostraron una reducción de los niveles de ceramidas en el hipocampo, cerebelo, estriado y corteza motora principalmente durante el ayuno. A nivel celular, la deficiencia en CPT1C afecta a la morfología de las espinas dendríticas mediante el aumento de filopodios inmaduros y reduciendo el número de espinas maduras. La densidad de protrusiones totales o el área de la cabeza de la espinas dendrítica no se vieron afectadas. El tratamiento de las neuronas en cultivo con ceramida exógena, como la sobre-expresión ectópica de CPT1C, revirtieron el fenotipo de las espinas CPT1C-KO, lo que indica que CPT1C regula la maduración de las espinas dendríticas a través de las ceramidas. Para estudiar las repercusiones del fenotipo CPT1C-KO en la cognición y en la habilidad motora se realizaron diferentes test conductuales. Los resultados del test cognitivo demostraron que la deficiencia de CPT1C perjudica al aprendizaje espacial. Por otra parte, la realización de test motores demostraron que los ratones CPT1C son hipoactivos y tienen disminuida tanto la coordinación motora como la fuerza muscular. Todos estos resultados demuestran que CPT1C regula la síntesis de novo de ceramidas en el retículo endoplásmico de las neuronas y éste es un mecanismo necesario para la correcta maduración de las espinas dendríticas y para el adecuado procedimiento del aprendizaje espacial y la función motora.

[EN] The investigation is important in the development of countries and his societies; the economies are not based only in the accumulation of capital, it's necessary a solid foundation of information, learning and adaptation. The development of the capacity inventiveness, obtained by means of the investment in investigation and development. The cataloging of the architectural heritage involves new challenges of conservation. The problem of the conservation is not new, but in the 20th century there are big advances in the methods of investigation no destructive. The Letter of Athens of 1931 defined the first bases of the conservation of the monuments. Between any of his recommendations stand out one of them that invites to keep the utility of the monuments so that it ensure the continuity of his life, with destinations that respect his historical character and/or artistic as it occurs in "la Lonja de Valencia". The origin of this thesis and his development is oriented in one of the lines of investigation that in the Memory of the IX Congress APEGA proposes in the section of professional Investigations (connections of the drawing with other fields) in his first appendix: GRAPHIC EXPRESSION AND HERITAGE: NEW METHODS OF ARCHITECTURAL LIFTING. This Thesis is centered around the utilize the SCANNER LASER 3D, the ELECTRONIC TOTAL STATION and other traditional methods, as new methods of Graphic Lifting and of precision in the field of the Architecture, to scale real and in the three-dimensional space. Choose the Lonja of Valencia has his sense by his Universal interest, when being the only existent building in Valencia considered Heritage of the Humanity by the UNESCO. Apply it to the Architectural Graphic Expression and Heritage supposes all an effort that has concretize in the following title: "THE ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHIC LIFTING OF PRECISION. THE JAMB OF THE PORTAL OF MAIN ACCESS TO LA LONJA DE LA SEDA DE VALENCIA". Has been vertebrated the present investigation with the following succession of contents: Visit the urban and social surroundings more immediate of the monument from his construction until the actuality, to find out what conditions the city in his social position inside the country. Descend until the building to know the purpose of his construction and analyze the forms of work of his author. Use from the simplest tools like combs archaeologist, until the most modern instruments in instrumental technology and study his evolution to be able to appreciate his working capacity. Analyze the degree of accuracy of the measures that provide us the new instruments used in the architectural graphic lifting: the Scanner Laser 3D and the Total Station, from the most elementary instruments: the metallic metric strip, the foot of king and archaeologist comb millimeters. Compare the geometry obtained with the theorist to study his metric, his composition, his symmetry, his proportion and his section original. Compare the results and the protocol of the lifting made, with others of international importance. The lifting proposed in this thesis pretends to reflect the morphology of the group and the one of his parts. We have evaded the defects of some pieces opting for regularization of the elements that take part in the monument. The measurements have been made using the metric system decimal, the millimeter like generic unit of work and precision. It has had present his relation with the metric system valid in Valencia as we will see and will justify in the subject of the metric used.
[ES] El conocimiento juega un papel cada vez más importante en el desarrollo de los países y sus sociedades; las economías no están basadas únicamente en la acumulación de capital, hace falta un sólido cimiento de información, aprendizaje y adaptación. Por medio del conocimiento se logra el desarrollo de la capacidad inventiva, obtenida mediante la inversión en investigación y desarrollo. La catalogación del patrimonio arquitectónico implica nuevos retos de conservación. El problema de la conservación no es nuevo, pero en el siglo XX se producen grandes avances en los métodos de investigación no destructivos. La Carta de Atenas de 1931 definió las primeras bases de la conservación de los monumentos. Entre alguna de sus recomendaciones, destaca una que invita a mantener la utilidad de los monumentos para que se asegure la continuidad de su vida, con destinos que respeten su carácter histórico y/o artístico como ocurre en la Lonja de Valencia. El origen de esta tesis y su desarrollo está orientado en una de las líneas de investigación propuesto en la Memoria del IX Congreso APEGA, en el apartado de Investigaciones profesionales (conexiones del dibujo con otros campos) en su primer apéndice: EXPRESIÓN GRÁFICA Y PATRIMONIO: NUEVOS MÉTODOS DE LEVANTAMIENTO ARQUITECTÓNICO. Esta Tesis se centra en torno a la utilización del ESCÁNER LÁSER 3D, la ESTACIÓN TOTAL ELECTRÓNICA y otros métodos tradicionales, como nuevos métodos de Levantamiento Gráfico y de precisión en el ámbito de la Arquitectura, a escala real y en el espacio tridimensional. Elegir la Lonja de Valencia tiene su sentido por su interés Universal, al ser el único edificio existente en Valencia considerado Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO. Aplicarlo a la Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica y Patrimonio supone todo un esfuerzo que se ha concretado en el siguiente título: EL LEVANTAMIENTO GRÁFICO ARQUITECTÓNICO DE PRECISIÓN. LA JAMBA DE LA PORTADA DE ACCESO PRINCIPAL A LA LONJA DE LA SEDA DE VALENCIA. Se ha vertebrado la presente investigación con la siguiente sucesión de contenidos: Recorrer el entorno urbano y social más inmediato del monumento, desde su construcción hasta la actualidad, para conocer las condiciones se encontraba la ciudad en su posición social dentro del País. Descender hasta el edificio para conocer la finalidad de su construcción y para analizar las formas de trabajo de su autor. Utilizar desde las herramientas más simples como los peines de arqueólogo, hasta los instrumentos más modernos en tecnología instrumental y estudiar su evolución para poder apreciar su capacidad de trabajo. Analizar el grado de exactitud de las medidas que nos proporcionan los nuevos instrumentos utilizados en el levantamiento gráfico arquitectónico: el Escáner Láser 3D y la Estación Total, a partir de los instrumentos más elementales: la cinta métrica metálica, el pie de rey y el milimétrico peine de arqueólogo. Comparar la geometría obtenida con la teórica para estudiar su métrica, su composición, su simetría, su proporción y su envolvente original. Comparar los resultados y el protocolo del levantamiento realizado, con otros de relevancia internacional. El levantamiento propuesto en esta tesis pretende reflejar la morfología del conjunto y la de sus partes. Se han eludido los defectos de algunas piezas optando por la regularización de los elementos que intervienen en el monumento. Las mediciones han sido realizadas utilizando el sistema métrico decimal con el milímetro como unidad genérica de trabajo y precisión, si bien se ha tenido presente su relación con el sistema métrico de la época vigente en Valencia, como veremos y justificaremos en el tema de la métrica utilizada.
[CAT] El coneixement té un rol cada vegada més important en el desenvolupament dels països i les seues societats; les economies no estan basades únicament en l'acumulació de capital, fa falta un sòlid fonament d'informació, aprenentatge i adaptació. Per mitjà del coneixement s'aconsegueix el desenvolupament de la capacitat inventiva, obtinguda mitjançant la inversió en investigació i desenvolupament. La catalogació del patrimoni arquitectònic implica nous reptes de conservació. El problema de la conservació no és nou, però al segle XX es produeixen grans avanços en els mètodes d'investigació no destructius. La Carta d'Atenes de 1931 va definir les primeres bases de la conservació dels monuments. Entre alguna de les seves recomanacions destacar la que convida a mantindre la utilitat dels monuments perquè s'assegure la continuïtat de la seua vida, amb destinacions que respecten el seu caràcter històric i/o artístic com ocorre en la Llotja de València. L'origen d'aquesta tesi i el seu desenvolupament està orientat en una de les línies d'investigació proposada en la Memòria de l'IX Congrés APEGA, en l'apartat de recerques professionals (connexions del dibuix amb altres camps) en el seu primer apèndix: EXPRESSIÓ GRÀFICA I PATRIMONI: NOUS MÈTODES D'AIXECAMENT ARQUITECTÒNIC. Aquesta Tesi se centra entorn de la utilització de l'ESCÀNER LÀSER 3D, l'ESTACIÓ TOTAL ELECTRÒNICA i altres mètodes tradicionals, com a nous mètodes d'Aixecament Gràfic i de precisió en l'àmbit de l'Arquitectura, a escala real i en l'espai tridimensional. Triar la Llotja de València té el seu sentit pel seu interès Universal, en ser l'únic edifici existent a València considerat Patrimoni de la Humanitat per la UNESCO. Aplicar-ho a l'Expressió Gràfica Arquitectònica i Patrimoni suposa tot un esforç que s'ha concretat en el següent títol: L'AIXECAMENT GRÀFIC ARQUITECTÒNIC DE PRECISIÓ. EL BRANCAL DE LA PORTADA D'ACCÉS PRINCIPAL A LA LLOTJA DE LA SEDA DE VALÈNCIA. S'ha vertebrat la present recerca amb la següent successió de continguts: Recórrer l'entorn urbà i social més immediat del monument, des de la seua construcció fins a l'actualitat, per conèixer en quines condicions es trobava la ciutat en la seua posició social dins del País. Descendir fins a l'edifici per a conèixer la finalitat de la seua construcció i analitzar les formes de treball del seu autor. Utilitzar des de les eines més simples com les pintes d'arqueòleg, fins als instruments més moderns en tecnologia instrumental i estudiar la seua evolució per a poder apreciar la seua capacitat. Analitzar el grau d'exactitud de les mesures que ens proporcionen els nous instruments utilitzats en l'aixecament gràfic arquitectònic: l'Escàner Làser 3D i l'Estació Total, a partir dels instruments més elementals: la cinta mètrica metàl¿lica, el peu de rei i la mil¿limètrica pinta d'arqueòleg. Comparar la geometria obtinguda amb la teòrica per a estudiar la seua mètrica, la seua composició, la seua simetria, la seua proporció i la seua secció original. Comparar els resultats i el protocol de l'aixecament realitzat, amb uns altres de rellevància internacional. L'aixecament proposat en aquesta tesi pretén reflectir la morfologia del conjunt i la de les seues parts. S'han eludit els defectes d'algunes peces optant per la regularització dels elements que intervenen en el monument. Els mesuraments han sigut realitzats utilitzant el sistema mètric decimal,¿amb el milímetre com a unitat genèrica de treball i precisió., si bé s'ha tingut present la seua relació amb el sistema mètric de l'època vigent en València com veurem i justificarem en el tema de la mètrica utilitzada.
Hernández Muñoz, EJ. (2015). El levantamiento gráfico arquitectónico de precisión. La jamba de la portada de acceso principal a la Lonja de La Seda de Valencia [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/59426
TESIS

Robotic soccer is a game like a real soccer but here the game is played by robots. The rules are the same, only there are few exceptions (foul, penalty kick, stalemate situation). Game is running without the human intervention. Just a human referee is supervising the game. Two teams are attending the game. Each of them has a control computer. The control computer is the brain of the game. It has a camera, it is making decisions for the next step of robots and sending them configuration data. The thesis deals with testing of communication interface and designs the new communication protocol for the next generation of the robots. The testing is provided by pocket pc Palm TX. It will send data over the Bluetooth interface to the control pc and will configure particular constants, like constants of PID regulator and an address of a robot. This will be provided by the IrDA interface.

The present PhD. thesis deals with the systems of building services (namely heating, ventilating and air conditioning, shading) which provide required indoor microclimate inside the immovable heritage. The work thus combines the exclusively technical field of building services (BS) and the general principles of heritage conservation. The aim of my PhD. thesis is the analysis of immovable heritage conservation processes, focusing on the current state of research and BS systems documentation. Furthermore the work concerns the possibilities of temporary measurements of indoor climate parameters inside the immovable heritage, and aims to develop a computer model (in BSim software) for the simulation of various working conditions in the selected buildings. For the stated aims were selected three representative historic houses: historical assembly hall at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology; the Palm Greenhouse at Lednice Chateau in Moravia; and Villa Tugendhat in Brno. These buildings had been surveyed for several years, and in this PhD. thesis I present their analysis, evaluation, and conclusions. The aims of this PhD. thesis broadly correspond to the transnational objectives. The present research is, for example, in accordance with the international document ICOMOS Charter (Zimbabwe, 2013) which is concerned with the analysis, conservation, and restoration of architectural heritage. The research of immovable heritage is also supported by European Union, e.g. by the Seventh Framework Programme of EU.

The thesis deals with the creation of composite indicators in order to compare the social and economic development of Indonesian provinces selected on the basis of the extent of palm oil production. The theoretical part provides the basic overview of the concept of regional development and description of the process of composite indicators creation. The analytical part is focused to creation of composite indicators and also contains correlation and cluster analysis. In the final part are proposed recommendations on how to improve the situation regarding the palm oil production in Indonesia.

The palm oil is the most desirable raw material in a wide range of industry in the 21st century. It is a basic material for food, cosmetics, biodiesel and many other products. However, it’s production has a negative impact on the environment. In this thesis the palm oil authenticity is judged according to the differences in composition depending on the conditions of cultivation, which is related to the certification of this raw material. The fatty acid spectrum in the samples of palm oil was determined by method of gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection. In terms of total fatty acids content, the non-certified palm oil (fat sample 1) containing 0.969 g.g-1 fat (after three months storage 0.880 g.g-1 fat) is better than certified palm oil (fat sample 2) containing 0.648 g.g-1 fat (after three months storage 0.533 g.g-1 fat).

This thesis analyzes the trends and the current situation in consumption of palm oil in the Czech Republic. Literary research focuses on theoretical analysis of the topic and the production of palm oil used in our country. The main attention is devoted to the cha-racteristics of palm oil, its production and consumption of health aspects of palm oil. The practical part is focused on the attitude of producers and consumers in the form of a selected survey, analyze the current situation regarding the use of palm oil to the czech market and the current situation and the success of campaigns against palm oil. The discussion will take into account the ethical aspects of the issue.

The diploma thesis is divided into two parts – theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I deal with fatty acids. Specifically, the diploma thesis describes the physiology of fatty acids and their analytical determination by gas chromatography. Furthermore, I focus on the chemical structure of fatty acids, their division, metabolism and influence on human nutrition. The practical part deals with the feeding experiment in Wistar Albino rats and the subsequent tissue collection of these animals for analytical determination of fatty acids in their muscle. The extent of deposition of selected fatty acids in rat muscle was studied. The feed was supplemented with the following oils: palm, safflower, fish and Schizochytrium algae extract.

My thesis consists of a theoretical part and a practical part. In theoretical part I deal with information about the fatty acids and its structure, functions and influence on our health. Last but not least I focused on diseases that may arise due to bad intake of fatty acids. It is the atherosclerosis. The second part of my thesis is the already mentioned practical part. This consisted of a samples of pigs in which were taken all animal tissues and subsequent determination of the fatty acids. In my thesis I deal with liver and muscle tissue. These samples were taken from pigs that had fish or palm oil in the diet. The determination was done by lyophilization, extraction, derivatization and gas chromatography. Based on the results, I conducted a statistical evaluation using graphs and a final evaluation of the results.

The theoretical part of my thesis is based on the general classification and characterization of dietary lipids, especially fatty acids, cholesterol and lipoprotein particles. Also, their transport and absorption mechanisms are described, as well as medical complications that are closely linked to excessive lipid consumption. One part is used for the description of lipid extractions and determination of fatty acids. The experimental part is focused on the analysis of fatty acids in samples of liver, adipose and muscle tissues of laboratory rats after the addition of palm oil, safflower oil, fish oil and Schizochytrium microalgae oil into their diets. Lyophilized tissue samples were extracted and derivatized, followed by gas chromatography fatty acid determination. The results were then statistically evaluated.

This thesis analyse the issue of fair trade and the posibility for this program in the Czech republic. The literary part of thesis describes the program fair trade, reasons for formation of fair trade, its current status and issue of oil palm planting in the world. This thesis evaluates influence of oil palm planting on the environment and economic, social and health impacts connected with oil palm planting for local residents and communities and impacts of oil palm production on the Czech Republic. For the practical part of thesis I used the questionnaire survey, when I examined public knowledge of the fair trade, consumer behavior, the range of demand for fair trade products and the interest of citizens about problematic situatin of oil palm planting.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Sociologia da Infância
O consumo é um elemento caracterizador essencial da sociedade actual. A criança e a família constituem um elo do sistema de consumo, influenciando-se mutuamente e interagindo com interesses, valores, necessidades e desejos ora idênticos, ora diferentes e até contrários. Numa perspectiva multidisciplinar e tendo em conta o pensamento e a investigação de alguns sociólogos e psicólogos, que estudaram este fenómeno, verificamos que a criança adquire uma espécie de cidadania como consumidora, sendo influenciada pelos mass media, pelos grupos de pares, pelo ambiente escolar e pela sua realidade familiar. Contudo, perante a família a influência é mútua, pois não só a recebe, como também influencia os processos e as opções de consumo da família onde vive e cresce. A investigação levada a efeito na vila de Joane, concelho de Vila Nova de Famalicão, permite-nos concluir que, aqui e agora, a criança e a família assumem as características essenciais da sociedade de consumo, num tempo em que as regras, os símbolos e os valores têm uma escala cada vez mais planetária.
The consumption is an essential identified element of the present society. The family and the child establish a link of the consumption system, influencing them self mutually and interacting with interests, values, needs and desires sometimes identicals, sometimes differents and even adverses. In a multidiscipline perspective bearing in mind the thought and investigation of sociologists and psychologists that have studied this phenomenon, we had ascertained that the child acquires a sort of citizen ship as a consumer, being influenced by mass media, pair groups, school environment and his familiar reality. However, in the presence of the family, the influence is mutual, seeing that not only the child receives it but also influences the methods and options of family’s consumption where they live and grow. The research carried through in the small town of Joane, town council of Vila Nova de Famalicão, allows us to conclude that, here and now, the child and the family take over the essential features of consumption’s society, in a time in which the rules, symbols and values have an ever more planetary scale.
La consommation est un élément caractéristique essentiel de l’actuelle société. L’enfant et la famille font part d’un système de consommation où ils exercent une mutuelle influence et une interaction avec ses valeurs, ses besoins et ses désirs identiques ou différents et parfois même contraires. D’après une vision multidisciplinaire et à partir de la pensée el de l’investigation de quelques sociologues et psychologues, qui ont étudié ce phénomène, nous vérifions que l’enfant a acquit une citoyenneté spécifique en tant que consommateur. Il est influencé par les mass media, par les groupes de paires, par l’ambiant scolaire et par sa réalité familiale Cependant, en qui concerne la famille, l’influence est réciproque, non seulement il la reçoit, comme il influence aussi les procès et les options de consommation de famille où il vit et grandit. La recherche concrétisée à Joane, commune de Vila Nova de Famalicão, nous permet de conclure que, ici et maintenant, l’enfant et la famille assument les caractéristiques essentielles de la société de consommation, à une époque où les règles, les symboles et les valeurs ont une dimension de plus en plus planétaire.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
106
Majority of plant viruses are exclusively transmitted by insect vectors. Virus may manipulate the behavior of its vector in order to increase its transmission rate which is known as vector manipulation hypothesis. Orthotospovirus not only relies on thrips to be transmitted to healthy plants but also infects and replicates in its vectors. Watermelon silver mottle virus is a tospovirus causing a serious problem in melon fields. Despite WSMoV infection does not directly affect the performance (developmental time, longevity, fecundity, etc.) of its vector, Thrips palmi, the indirect effect of virus infection elongates the developmental time of T. palmi. In this study, the direct and indirect effects of WSMoV infection on the feeding behavior of T. palmi were evaluated, using electrical penetration graphs (EPG) to monitor the probing events of thrips. For the direct effect of virus infection on the feeding behavior of T. palmi, the probing of viruliferous and non-viruliferous thrips was compared, and significant direct effects of WSMoV infection were found on the probing frequency of both females and males. The number of short ingestion probes per hour of viruliferous thrips were higher than those of non-viruliferous thrips in females and males. There was no difference in the number of non-ingestion probes and long ingestion probes per hour between viruliferous and non-viruliferous thrips. However, the number of all probes per hour of viruliferous thrips was higher than that of non-viruliferous thrips. The average durations of non-ingestion, short ingestion, and long ingestion probes were not affected by virus infection, and neither was the total ingestion time. The indirect effect of virus infection was examined by comparing the feeding behavior of non-viruliferous thirps on WSMoV-infected and healthy plants. The indirect effect of WSMoV infection was different among sexes. Behavioral changes were found when female thrips fed on virus-infected plant, but the infection status of plants did not change the feeding behavior of male thrips. The numbers of non-ingestion probes and short ingestion probes were lower when the female thrips fed on virus-infected plants compared to feeding on healthy plants. The average duration of short ingestion probes was longer when the female thrips fed on virus-infected plants than feeding on healthy plants. The total ingestion time per hour was longer when female thrips fed on virus-infected plants than feeding on healthy plants. The direct effect of WSMoV infection on the feeding behavior of T. palmi may benefit the virus and increase virus transmission rate, and the indirect effect of WSMoV infection may induce the arrestment of T. palmi to virus-infected plants versus healthy plants. My results provide another evidence for vector manipulation hypothesis and an insight in tospovirus-thrips interaction.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine, using gas chromatography, fatty acids in selected animal tissues. Specifically, the muscle, liver, pulmonary and adipose tissues were observed. A total of 32 piglets were divided into two groups with 16 pigs in each group. During 75 days of fattening, each group was given a feed mixture differing in the type of oil added. The experimental group was fed a basic feed mixture with the addition of 2,5 % fish oil, whilst the control group with the addition of 2,5 % palm oil. The animals were fed ad libitum. After slaughter, samples of selected tissues were taken and the process of lyophilisation was carried out. Using extraction method according to Hara, Radin (1978), lipids from lyophilized tissue samples were extracted. Fatty acids present within these lipids were then transformed into more volatile fatty acid methyl esters by the process of derivatization. These were then determined by gas chromatography and the results were statistically evaluated. The effect of fish oil in the feed mixture resulted in the increase of PUFA n-3 (P < 0.01) in all of the tested tissues. The addition of palm oil, on the other hand, had an effect on the content (P < 0.05) of SFA, MUFA in the tested tissues.

Esta dissertação pretende desenvolver uma leitura comparativa de alguma poesia para a infância, proveniente da China e de Portugal, destacando semelhanças e diferenças temático-formais entre os textos. Dividida em duas partes, a primeira parte da dissertação explora as origens e desenvolvimento da poesia para crianças na China e em Portugal e apresenta alguns poetas contemporâneos de ambos os países. Paralelamente, descrevem-se os traços caracterizadores da poesia para crianças. Partindo da leitura comparativa dos poemas selecionados, tanto originários da China como de Portugal, na segunda parte, analisam-se as semelhanças e as diferenças verificáveis entre eles, considerando quatro critérios principais: tema, linguagem, estrutura e significado. Conclui-se que, a despeito de serem detetáveis diferenças evidentes na temática e na forma das composições poéticas portuguesas e chinesas consideradas, a circulação global de modelos literários pode ajudar a explicar a cada vez maior homogeneidade no que diz respeito às tendências da escrita poética para a infância.
This dissertation seeks to carry out a comparative reading of selected Portuguese and Chinese children’s poetry, by highlighting the thematic and formal similarities and differences between the texts. It comprises two parts, the first tracing the origins and development of children’s poetry in China and Portugal, and introducing some contemporary poets from both countries. Concomitantly, the main features of children’s poetry are described. Based on the comparative analysis of selected poems from both China and Portugal, in the second part we underline the similarities and differences between them, considering four criteria: theme, language, structure and meaning. We conclude that, despite some remarkable differences pertaining to both content and form found in Portuguese and Chinese poems, the global circulation of literary models may account for the growing homogeneity as far as contemporary literary trends in children’s poetry are concerned.
Mestrado em Português Língua Estrangeira/Língua Segunda

碩士
國立臺灣大學
植物病蟲害學系
81
The larvae of the Thrips palmi show non-preference and tend- ency of non-growth when they are fedby the pumpkin leaves which had been processed by 0.8%tomatine, 0.8%tomatidine and 0.1%coumar in. In the experiment of non-preference testing to second instar larvae, the preference rate( No. of larvaeon traeted leaves / No. of larvae on the control leaves) were between 10-15% respectively to three chemicals. Compare to the similar experiments processed by lower concentrations of tomatine( 0.5%), tomatidine( 0.5%) and coumarin( 0.05%), as well as50% ethonal, which showed the prefer- ence rate were between 65-75%. The preference rate of adult Thrips palmi to the pumpkin lea- ves which processed by 0.8%tomatine and 0.8%tomatidine were about 10%. The rate increased to 70 - 75% when the chemicals concentra- tions decreased to 0.5%tomatine and 0.5%tomatidine. The tendency and the amount of oviposition was also investiga ted in the this study. The femaleadults showed avoiding tendency to 0.8%tomatine and 0.1%coumarin; week avoiding tendency to 0.8% tomatidine. The mated female adults had the amount of oviposition 13.5-15.5 after 3-15 days of emergencywhich these pregnant female adults had been fed bythe pumpkin leaves processed with 0.8%toma- tine,0.1%coumarin. In the study of the hatchability of eggs, we found that high concentration of chemicals( 0.8%tomatine, 0.8%tomatidine and 0.1% coumarin ) wasshowing the tendency of repellent. The rate of hat- chability was 43.5% - 53.2% in high concentration chemicals. Com- pont to the hatchability rate of 75.8%and 79.9% under low concen- tration conditions(0.5%tomatine, 0.5%tomatidine and 0.05%coumarin ) and the rate of 86.3% under reference set (50%ethonal)condition , the rate of hatchability was 1 time different.

博士
國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業暨國際合作系
101
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) production and cultivation in Taiwan is severely affected by Thrips palmi karny, resulting poor fruit quality, low yield, and loss of income of the farmers. This thrips causes cosmetic scars on and deforms fruits, thus lowering their market value. For the purpose of effective pest management module, construction of temperature-dependent life table, development, survivorship, effective sampling technique to estimate population, economic threshold for timely application of insecticide, and farmer’s level knowledge and response for pest management were studied and appealed. The life history of Thrips palmi Karny on eggplant leaves was studied based on the age-stage, two sex-life tables at 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 oC. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) at these temperatures was 0.0427, 0.0566, 0.0979, 0.1738, 0.1797, and 0.2237 d-1, respectively. The mean generation time was 47.52, 38.33, 29.52, 19.81, 17.30, and 13.88 d, respectively. The developments of pre-adult and adult stages were faster in males than females. The means of developmental periods for each developmental stage decreased with increases of temperature. The maximum life span of female adult was noted 56.67 d whereas that of male was 50.66 d at 16 oC. The highest female fecundity (64.18 eggs /female) was recorded at 25 oC and the lowest (23.38 eggs /female) at 16 oC. The developmental threshold temperature (C) estimated for egg-to-adult was 11.25 oC, with a thermal constant (K) of 196.1 DD. The optimal developmental temperature for T. palmi in eggplant was determined to be 25 oC. To investigate the relationship between the density of thrips and the resulting damage, experimental plots with initial release densities of 0, 20, 40, 70, and 100 adults’ thrips per plot were established under greenhouse conditions. Thrips density (for flower sampling = x1; for sticky trap = x2) was found to be directly related to the proportion of damaged-fruits (y) and the reduction in fruit yield: significant relationships were found for the flower samples (y = 1.2261x1 - 0.6232, r2 = 0.8582) and for the trap catches (y = 11.667 ln(x2) - 9.5, r2 = 0.8896). The proportion of damaged fruits that could be tolerated from an economic perspective, based on the cost of controlling the thrips population chemically and the market value of the fruit, was 6.67–11.76 %; this translated into economic thresholds (ET) of 1.05–1.50 adults and/or larvae of T. palmi per flower or 4.91–10.17 adults T. palmi per four-day sticky card count. Farmers’ knowledge, perceptions, and practices of T. palmi management were evaluated by interviewing farmers of problematic area of southern Taiwan, and data collected using questionnaire interviews was analyzed. Results showed flowering and fruiting stage was recognized more serious for degrading the fruit quality and growers mostly (35%) prefer spraying of chemical insecticides twice per week for thrips pest management. The price differences between healthy and damaged fruit due to T. palmi were TWD 30–34 per kg fruit. Considering 49.88% of scarred and deformed fruit production, the total loss will be TWD $538,508.00 per hectare per year. To find efficacy of chemical insecticide for developing integrated control, 5 insecticides namely carbosulfan 48.34% soluble powder (SP), spinosad 2.5% soluble concentrate (SC), fipronil 4.95 % SC, imidacloprid 9.6% solution (SL), chlorfenapyr 10% SC were sprayed at the rate of 0.83, 0.25, 0.5, 0.67, and 1.00 milliliter (ml) per liter of water on section leaves (3 × 3 cm) in petri dish (9 cm diameter), containing larvae and adult of T. palmi. The number of died and alive insects were recorded after 24 hour of spray. Spinosad 2.5% SC showed most effective for controlling of larva (99.13%) and adult (100%) population. Chlorfenapyr 10% SC and carbosulfan 48.34% SP reduced more than 90% of adult population of T. palmi; however their effect was less than 85% for control of larvae. The field experiment was conducted from September 2012 to March 2013 at Ruiguang road, Pingtung city to develop sustainable pest management for T. palmi in field condition with seven treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were chemical insecticide (spinosad 2.5% SC and chlorfenapyr 10% SC), alternate spraying of spinosad and chlorfenapyr with cultural control (use of black plastic mulch/ pruning of older leaves and branches), mass trapping with blue sticky trap, farmer practice of management (imidacloprid 9.6% SC), and control. The treatments decision for spraying spinosad and chlorfenapyr were made based on monitoring with flower sampling or blue sticky trap and economic threshold of T. palmi (1.05–1.5 thrips per flower or 4.91–10.17 adults per sticky trap). Spraying spinosad or alternate spraying of spinosad and chlorfenapyr with mulching black plastic were observed most effective to minimize pest population at or below ET, more number of flower and fruits (27.3–27.9/plant), the largest yield (4.13–4.25 kilogram/plant), and the least fruit damage (2.77–3.13 fruit/plant). The farmer practice was observed with 18.67 scarring and deforming fruits/plant whereas that of chlorfenapyr treated plot was recorded 12.67. The thrips density monitored with flower, leaves, and sticky traps showed that scarring and deforming fruit production in eggplant could not be reduced if spraying decision would be made with number of thrips on leaves sampling. In conclusion, integration of cultural practice such as pruning and destroying of older leaves, use of plastic mulch or soil cover to suppress pupal development of thrips in soil, capturing of thrips by blue sticky trap, and spraying spinosad based on economic threshold of T. palmi could be useful for managing this pest.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
昆蟲學研究所
100
The melon thrips (Thrips palmi) is a pest on cucurbit crops but also a vector that transmits tospoviruses, for example Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV). In this study, the transmission mode of WSMoV by T. palmi was clarified. The results of transmission assay indicate that first -instar larvae, second-instar larvae and adults of T. palmi acquired the virus and transmitted the virus. However, adults had the highest transmission efficiency when they acquired the virus at first -instar stage. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the WSMoV M RNA’s complementary RNA of which ecodes virus nostructural protein was detected in virus-infected thrips. These results suggest that T. palmi transmits WSMoV in a persistent-propagative manner. Further, the effect of WSMoV infection on survival rate and developmental time of T. pami larvae was examined. The developmental time and survival rate of WSMoV-infected T. palmi larvae were not different from those of healthy thrips. When T. palmi fed on the WSMoV-infected plants, either healthy thrips or virus -infected thrips grew faster than thrips fed on healthy plants. These results imply that WSMoV did not directly affect T. palmi, but WSMoV infection affects the developmental time indirectly through the WSMoV-infected plant. In feeding preference test of T. palmi adults, both male and female thrips prefered thrips-damaged plant and more males stayed on WSMoV-infected watermelon seedling, but females did not. Theese results indicate T. palmi is attracted by thrips damage and WSMoV infection. In this study, I not only exanined the transmission mode of WSMoV by Thrips palmi, but also studied on the interaction between virus and thrips vector. However, the effect of WSMoV infection on T. palmi should be studied in details to clarify the actual relationships between them.