Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paludisme à Plasmodium vivax – épidémiologie'
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Barnadas, Céline. "Épidémiologie moléculaire et résistance de Plasmodium vivax aux antipaludiques à Madagascar." Lyon 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/33/05/91/PDF/theseCeline_vivax.pdf.
Full textOur objective was to assess (i) the importance of Plasmodium vivax infections in Madagascar, (ii) the parasite sensitivity to antimalarial drugs, and (iii) molecular markers role to monitor antimalarial drug resistance. The study was led on 8 sentinel sites. An in vivo protocol was conducted according to WHO criteria. P. Vivax isolates were analysed for nucleotidic polymorphisms on pvcrt-o, pvmdr1, pvdhfr and pvdhps genes. We searched fro polymorphisms on pvcsp, pvmsp3, pvmsp1 genes and on microsatellites sequences to genotype the isolates from the in vivo protocol. Microsatellites markers were also used to assess the genetic diversity of the Malagasy isolates. Other microsatellites sequences located in the flanking regions of dhfr and dhps genes were identified to assess the origin and propagation of resistant clones
Stéfani, Aurélia. "Epidémiologie du paludisme et environnement : étude de deux communautés amérindiennes de l'est et de l'ouest guyanais." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0448/document.
Full textThe aim of our study was to analyze the incidence of malaria in children and its evolution through time and space, as well as to search for risk factors in a village in Mid-Oyapock (Camopi), populated by Amerindians Wayampi and Emerillon, on the one hand, and a village in Upper-Maroni (Antecume Pata), populated by Amerindians Wayana, on the other hand. The approach was multiple with, for both study sites:- A survival analysis (Cox modelling) completed out of biologically confirmed malaria attacks in a cohort of children under seven, as well as a Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Behavior (KAPB) questionnaire, and also the characteristics of the houses and the description of their immediate environment.- A spatial analysis with a land cover classification from SPOT 5 satellite images, the extraction of environmental variables, the study of their effect on malaria transmission and the development of an objective method for picking the proper observation horizon around houses in order to characterize the environment.- A time series study (ARIMA) to determine the effect of climatic and hydrological events on malaria at local and global (El Niño) scales.The incidence rates of malaria attacks during the period 2001-2009 were particularly high among young children, especially in Camopi with an average of 773‰ by year. A sharp decline in incidence occurred in 2007 on the Upper Maroni and this phenomenon has been observed in Camopi since 2010. An acquired immunity develops quite rapidly during the life (2-3 years old), especially against P. vivax relapses. Environmental factors were found to be the most strongly associated with malaria incidence. Indeed, living in a hut cleared from the surrounding vegetation and at a larger distance from the forest are protective factors. The geographic component also appeared essential in Camopi with an incidence which varied with the river of living and with the distance from the main hamlet. The local meteorological factors (temperature and river level) also proved to be linked to malaria incidence in the short term (0-3 months). Moreover, our results have allowed issuing a number of assumptions about the transmission and the local vector(s), in particular to suggest the involvement of another vector than An. darlingi in the malaria transmission in Camopi. We also proved by this work that remote sensing and geographic information systems hold great promise for the inclusion of the spatial and environmental dimensions in the study of transmitted diseases, especially in areas of difficult access in French Guiana
Khim, Nimol. "Approche génomique et bioinformatique de l'émergence et de la diffusion des résistances chez Plasmodium au Cambodge." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON13517/document.
Full textMalaria, a protozoan vector-borne disease, is mainly prevalent in tropical areas, where nearly 40% of the world population is residing and remains one of the most concerns for public health worldwide. In Cambodia, the five Plasmodium species known to cause malaria in humans are present. The main feature of this country is that it is recognized as the epicenter of the emergence of multi-resistant P. falciparum parasites (to chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, mefloquine, and artemisinin), a very significant menace to public health in the Mekong region that could impact the worldwide strategy to fight malaria. The thesis presented here, entitled “Genomics and Bioinformatics in the emergence and spread of resistant Plasmodium in Cambodia” aimed to develop new molecular and biological tools for:1) improving our understanding of the collateral impact of the strategies implemented to fight against falciparum malaria on the other Plasmodium species; 2) defining the molecular epidemiology of antimalarial resistant parasites, especially resistance to quinine and artemisinin derivatives;3) studying and defining the structure of P. falciparum parasite populations circulating in Cambodia to estimate areas at risk of spread of artemisinin resistance, using genomic approaches and bioinformatics. This thesis was carried out in the Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit at Pasteur Institute in Cambodia (IPC) under the co-direction of Dr. Didier Ménard (Head of the Unit, IP) and Pr. Emmanuel Cornillot (Professor, University of Montpellier I). The first objective of this work was to study the impact of drug used to treat falciparum malaria on the dynamics of other Plasmodium species. In a first step, we evaluated the polymorphism in gene associated to pyrimethamine resistance (dhfr gene, dihydrofolate reductase) in Plasmodium malariae and in Plasmodium ovale (article 1 and manuscript in preparation 1) and the polymorphism in mdr-1 gene (multidrug resistance 1 gene) associated to mefloquine resistance in P. vivax (article 2). Secondly, in collaboration with Pasteur Institute in Madagascar, we investigated the association between the polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum Na + / H + exchanger gene (Pfnhe-1) and quinine resistance defined either by clinical or in vitro phenotypes (articles 3 and 4). The second objective was focused on the development of novel biological and molecular tools to assess the resistance of P. falciparum to artemisinin derivatives. The three papers presented (articles 5, 6 and 7) describe an original approach combining genomics, biological, clinical and epidemiological studies, which lead to the discovery of a molecular marker (mutations Kelch 13 gene) associated to artemisinin resistance.The third and final objective was devoted to the development of the PCR-LDR-FMA technology applied to the detection of a panel of 24 SNPs to characterize a "barcode" of P. falciparum isolates. This technic coupled with bioinformatics and statistical analysis allowed us to study and define the structure of the parasite populations circulating in Cambodia for estimating areas at risk of spread of artemisinin resistance (manuscript in preparation 2). Through this work, we have tried to show the usefulness of available molecular biology methods coupled with genomic and bioinformatics approaches to improve our understanding of the dynamics of the malaria parasite populations. This work has been mainly focused on the emergence and spread of antimalarial resistant parasites, keeping in mind that the ultimate goal of this work was to improve strategies implemented to achieve the ambitious goal of malaria elimination
Bouh, Abdi Khaireh Bouh. "Etude du paludisme dans les zones de faible transmission : vers la pre-élimination du paludisme à Djibouti." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5057.
Full textNigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Ethiopia and Tanzania represent 50% of malaria deaths and 47% of total malaria cases. However, the decrease in the number of cases and worldwide increased control activities were encouraging news which lead the WHO to declare that malaria can be controlled and eliminated later. The recommendations of experts in the worldwide fight against malaria recommend targeting areas where elimination is possible, areas of low transmission, and hence moving towards areas more affected by malaria. This requires a precise knowledge of the malaria situation in the region. Geographical regional assemblies where malaria transmission is experiencing a significant decrease, as the Horn of Africa, and having extremely porous frontiers to the movement of human populations, therefore pathogens, must be the priority target. Thus an assessment of the level of transmission and the risk of potential recurrence, posed by the importation of new strains, was indispensable in order to achieve sustainable elimination. In this context, the Republic of Djibouti, who showed extremely low prevalence in recent years, is embarked on an attempt to pre-eliminate malaria. The aim of our study was to observe changes, over a period of 11 years (1998-2009), in the level of malaria occurrence, malaria transmission, but also the level of its potential importation from neighboring countries and finally the vectors population dynamics. These results could serve as a basis of reflection, for the health authorities of the country or international partners, to a possible adjustment of the current policy of fight against malaria
Brega, Sara. "Mécanismes de résistance de Plasmodium vivax aux antipaludiques." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10181.
Full textSow, Fatimata. "Métacaspases : cibles thérapeutiques contre le paludisme." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1275/document.
Full textMalaria remains one of the main causes of infant mortality in the tropical world.The continuous emergence of parasite resistant to drug treatment is a serious threat to public health. Exploring new therapeutics targets based on depth knowledge on molecular mechanism of the parasite’s life is utmost needed in a paradigm of « red queen», which applies perfectly on the ability of the parasitic adaptation. The recent discovery of metacaspase of Plasmodium falciparum (PfMCA1) and the demonstration of its potential role in apoptosis, make it a therapeutic target against malaria. In order to increase knowledge about this protein, we planned, to determine the three-dimensional structure of PfMCA1, to confirm the different structures predicted in silico, and to look for new drug using molecular docking. However, this goal was not reached, since autoprocessing occurred during expression, and we failed to obtain the full-length protein. Then we studied the metacaspase of Plasmodium vivax (PvMCA1) in comparison with PfMCA1 and, we shown that histidine and cysteine residues in the dyad catalytic are well conserved. We have identified a second potential site in the catalytic domain of PvMCA1. We shown that residues in both putative sites are highly polymorphic in samples from Mauritania, Sudan and Oman. Mutations on these residues need to be deeply studied for their effects on the PvMCA1 function. This polymorphism found in catalytic residues of PvMCA1should be evaluated as new molecular marker of resistance
Barnadas, Celine. "Epidemiologie moléculaire et résistance de Plasmodium vivax aux antipaludiques à Madagascar." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00330591.
Full textPour cela, notre étude a été conduite sur 8 sites sentinelles. Les patients présentant un paludisme causé par P. vivax ont été inclus dans des tests d'efficacité thérapeutique selon les critères de l'OMS. L'analyse de polymorphismes génétiques sur les gènes pvcrt-o, pvmdr1, pvdhfr et pvdhps, impliqués dans la résistance aux antipaludiques, ainsi que sur les gènes pvcsp, pvmsp3, pvmsp1 utilisés pour le génotypage des souches a été réalisée sur les isolats
collectés. Des marqueurs microsatellites ont également été recherchés pour évaluer la diversité génétique de ces isolats, ainsi que la circulation des souches parasitaires et la propagation des isolats résistants.
Gauthier, Céline. "Diversité et structure de populations naturelles de Plasmodium Falciparum, agent du paludisme, en zones de transmission instable, au Vénézuela et à Madagascar." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20139.
Full textGoupeyou, Youmsi Jessy Marlène. "Contribution des anophèles à la transmission de Plasmodium falciparum et de Plasmodium vivax à Madagascar. Mise en place d'une plateforme expérimentale pour l'étude de leur compétence vectorielle." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS178/document.
Full textMalaria remains a major health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. The limited number of antimalarial drugs, the emergence of resistances and the lack of an effective vaccine, make vector control the main preventive strategy for this disease. Current methods of vector control aim at limiting or interrupting parasite development in the vector mosquito. It is therefore necessary to improve our understanding on interactions between the Anopheles vector, its environment and the parasite Plasmodium. In Madagascar, Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus are the major vectors of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Anopheles mascarensis, an endemic species, may also be an important vector. In this context, the main objective of my PhD was to deepen the knowledge on An. mascarensis through a review. The data collected indicate that An. mascarensis is a complex of sibling species. I could thus provide the foundation for targeted molecular analysis. In parallel, in order to evaluate their vector competence, I contributed in a major way to the establishment of the first experimental platform of Madagascar to infect anopheline mosquitoes by P. falciparum and P. vivax. Finally, combining entomology and immuno-parasitology, we analysed the contribution of vectors to malaria transmission in two neighbouring villages. All the work done during my PhD contributes to a better knowledge of the diversity of malaria transmission in Madagascar, especially on the effective contribution of the different vector species. In addition, the establishment of the experimental platform for infections will further allow the analysis of the competence of vector Anopheles populations
Rey, Philippe. "Aspects épidémiologiques du paludisme dans la ville de Kumba, Cameroun - Province du sud-ouest." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25126.
Full textGay, Frédérick. ""Chimiorésistance de "Plasmodium falciparum" : études sur les populations impaludées et sur les populations plasmodiales"." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20277.
Full textEldin, de Pecoulas Philippe. ""Plasmodium falciparum" et "Plasmodium vivax" : Etude comparée de la dihydrofolate réductase-thymidylate synthétase, polymorphisme moléculaire et relations avec la chimiosensibilité aux antifoliniques." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P621.
Full textNguyen, Thy Ngoc. "Prédisposition génétique au paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum : études d'association et analyses fonctionnelles de variants génétiques candidats situés dans des régions liées génétiquement au paludisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4116.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigated the influence of some genetic variants located within chromosomes 5q31-q33, 6p21, and 17p12, which have been shown to be linked to malaria phenotypes. The genes NCR3 and TNF, which are located in the chromosomal region 6p21, have been reported to be associated with malaria in Burkina Faso population. We have replicated those studies in Congolese population to evaluate the associations of the SNPs in those genes with mild malaria attack and Plasmodium parasitemia. The results showed that the variant NCR3-412 is associated with mild malaria in Congo, and TNF-308, TNF-244, and TNF-238 are associated with mild malaria attack, maximum parasitemia, or both. In addition, bioinformatic studies suggest that TNF-244 and TNF-238 synergise to alter the binding of transcription factors.The two genes HS3ST3A1 and HS3ST3B1, which are located in chromosomal regions 17p12, are involved in the heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. In this study, we further investigated the association of the polymorphisms in these genes with mild malaria attack and maximum parasitemia. However no association was found. We further studied the NDST1 gene, which is located within chromosome 5q31-q33, and which encodes the bifunctional enzyme N-deacetylase/ N-sulfotransferase 1, and also participates in the heparan sulfate synthesis . Encouraging results support the hypothesis that NDST1 variation influence controlling parasitemia. Further association and functional studies are needed to validate the role of NDST1 in malaria infection. More generally, the enzymes involved in the heparan sulfate pathway might play a key role in controlling malaria infection
Qari, Shoukat. "Diversité des antigènes de "Plasmodium falciparum", candidats potentiels à la mise au point d'un vaccin antipalustre au Kenya." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20258.
Full textChougnet, Claire. "Réponse immunitaire spécifique dirigée contre des épitopes des antigènes PF155/RESA et CSP de "Plasmodium falciparum" : études immuno-épidémiologiques à Madagascar." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P616.
Full textBen, Abderrazak Souha. "Variabilité génétique des populations de "Plasmodium falciparum"." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20013.
Full textIncardona, Sandra. "Le paludisme au cambodge : épidémiologie, diagnostic moléculaire à haut débit, et variabilité du gène ARNr 18S des quatre espèces infectant l'homme." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077226.
Full textA precise knowledge of the malaria epidemiology essential for designing efficient control measures. In Cambodia, the current malaria data are mainly provided by a passive case detection system. The diagnosis by clinical examination or by microscopy does not precisely determine the malaria incidence. The goal of this work was to better describe the malaria situation in Cambodia and to set up adapted screening and diagnosis strategies. The results of a large cross-sectional survey revealed geographically heterogeneous prevalences and an underestimation of the malaria situation in remote areas. The infection risk was highest in adult male and in remote forest-fringe villages. A study of the parasite carriage in North-East Cambodia showed that molecular diagnosis detects more infections than microscopy, pointing to a previously unknown transmission reservoir. About one third of the population carries mixed infections, partly including P. Malariae and P. Ovale. The molecular approach also revealed that cryptic P. Vivax infections frequently lead to recrudescences or relapses in the context of clinical trials of ACT used for treating P. Falciparum. Two innovative diagnosis approaches in a Dot-blot and a microarray format are proposed for increasing the screening throughput for epidemiological studies. Finally, a study of the molecular diagnosis marker 18S rRNA in the four species infecting man revealed an important polymorphism. Especially in P. Ovale, with numerous mutations possibly interfering with molecular diagnosis methods. The informations provided by this work are useful for adapting current control measures to the actual malaria situation prevailing in the field
Atchadé, Sossa Pascal. "Utilisation de biomarqueurs de plasmodium dans le cadre de la prévention du paludisme transfusionnel au Sud-Bénin." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ127/document.
Full textMalaria is a disease due a protozoan. lt is transmitted to humans by the bite of a mosquito form Anopheles group. Blood transfusion is the third potential way of malaria transmission. Incidence of Malaria has increased the proportion of blood donors suspected to be contaminated by Plasmodium sp. The goal of that study is to determine the immunoreactivity of some biomarkers that could be used for the prevention of the blood transfusion transmitted malaria. For that purpose we used thick and thin blood film microscopical determination and an Enzyme Linked lmmunoSorbent Assay technology detecting malaria antigen (pan-pLDH) and malaria antibodies. These methods were used for the screening of 2515 blood donors during ten following months insouthern-Benin, sample were separated in the 4 following seasons observed in Western Africa
Roucher, Clémentine. "Evolution de l'épidémiologie et des critères diagnostiques du paludisme clinique à Dielmo de 1990 à 2010." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5062.
Full textIn tropical Africa, where malaria is highly endemic, most people are semi-immune and asymptomatic infections are widespread. Thus, the detection of malaria parasites in the blood of febrile patients is not a sufficient criterion for distinguishing malaria from other causes of fever. In Dielmo, a Senegalese village of about 500 inhabitants in 2010, a very closely continuous epidemiological monitoring of malaria began in 1990. In this village where the transmission is perennial, the establishment of more effective means of control and prevention against malaria have profoundly changed the epidemiology of malaria. In this work, we analyze the impact of these interventions on the parasite prevalences, the parasite densities and the malaria diagnostic criteria and we measure the evolution of Plasmodium falciparum, P. malariae and P. ovale clinical malaria from June 1990 to December 2010 in Dielmo. Parasitological and clinical data are analyzed in a random effect logistic regression to investigate the relationship between parasite density and fever risk. The prevalence of the three Plasmodium species decreased dramatically with the abandonment of chloroquine as first line treatment and his replacing with the combination therapies and became almost zero after the introduction of long lasting insecticidal nets. Pyrogenic thresholds calculated enabled us to measure the incidence density of malaria and to study the impact of intervention methods on malaria morbidity in the population
Safeukui, Noubissi Innocent. "Analyse des facteurs épidémiologiques immunologiques et génétiques de prédisposition au paludisme grave dans une population d'enfants vivant à Bamako." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21124.
Full textSeveral studies in endemic regions have shown the importance of epidemiological, immunological and genetic factors in the control of Plasmodium falciparum infection. The effects of these factors are sometime contradictory, or vary with epidemiological facies or the area. This study conducted in Bamako (a malaria endemic area) aims to : 1)- test whether cerebral malaria or severe malarial anaemia aggregated within families (as this is the first step towards a family-based approach to identify the environmental and genetic pathways). 2)- identify epidemiological risk factors fore severe malaria among children living in Bamako. 3)- quantify the level of some principal cytokines of immune response (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12 p70 et IL-13) in the peripheral blood of patient with cerebral malaria or severe malarial anaemia. 4)- test the association between IL12B gene (coding for IL-12 p40) polymorphisms in and severe malaria. Our data suggest strong individual and familial aggregation of cerebral malaria and severe malarial anaemia in population of Bamako. In addition, several epidemiological risk factors for severe malaria have been identified in this population. With the exception of a personal yellow fever vaccination histoty which is associated with an increase risk of severe malaria, al lthe studied independent factors associated with severe malaria were directly related to child's mother : her personal health status or her knowledge, attitude and practices. Programmes aiming to improve maternal health and education may thus reduce the incidence of severe malaria in Mali as well as in neighbouring countries, and should therefore be advocated. Quantification of some cytokines in the peripheral blood highlighted the protector role of IFN-γ for severe malaria and death due to cerebral malaria. Genetic study underlines the role of IL-12 in the determinism of cerebral malaria. There is an association between cerebral malaria and an insertion-deletion of 4 bases in the IL12B promoter region ; this polymorphism has been associated with the reduce levels of IL12 p40, IL12 p70 and NO production. Together, our data provide further insight into the epidemiology of severe malaria and host mechanism of resistance to this infection. The identification of epidemiological risk factors for severe malaria will allow reinforcement of the strategies of control of this infection , definition of cytokines implicated in the protection against this disease will be an incaluable help in the elaboration of new therapeutic and vaccinal strategies
Millet, Pascal. "Développement, en culture cellulaire, de quelques Coccidiomorphes (Isopora, Plasmodium) : mise au point d'un modèle expérimental pour la chimiothérapie du paludisme." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066272.
Full textNsimba, Basile. "Epidémiologie du paludisme chimiorésistant en milieu urbain au Congo : Part 1 : Efficacité de la sulfadoxine-pyréthamine versus chloroquine dans le traitement du paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum non compliqué. Part 2 : Etude de la distribution des marqueurs moléculaires de la chimiorésistance combinée avec l'évaluation de la pression médicamenteuse." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20679.
Full textIn Congo, urgent efforts are needed to help with the revision of the national antimalarial drug policy. Despite its high and unacceptable treatment failure rate, chloroquine (CQ) is still extensively used as first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Our study was conducted within the context of national malaria control programme, in two phases between 1999 and 2002, in children aged 6-59 months with uncomplicated malaria in Pointe-Noire and Brazzaville, the two largest cities that contain approximately 60% of the population of Congo. Using the standard 14-day WHO therapeutic efficacy test, we compared in the first phase of the study the efficacy of CQ versus sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) performing the WHO LQAS method; basing on our study design we determined the actual proportion of treatment failures of SP in the second phase. This study also combined assessing antimalarial drug use in the community and the frequency distribution of resistance molecular markers to CQ (pfcrt-K76T mutation) and to SP (mutations in dhfr/dhps genes) among pretreatment P. Falciparum isolates by PCR and sequencing methods. Results demonstrated a treatment failure rate significantly >25% for CQ, while no clinical or parasitologic failure was observed for SP. Regarding genotyping results, Pfcrt (K76T) mutation was present in almost all isolates (96. 4%, n =138) indicating that resistance to CQ is present at a high frequency. The quintuple mutant (dhfr-S108N, N51I, C59R and dhps-A437G or S436A, K540E) considered as molecular marker for clinical SP-resistance was not found because dhps-K540E mutation was absent in all isolates tested (n = 144); this is clear evidence for the excellent efficacy of SP. In conclusion, the strategy of combining SP with other affordable, effective and cheap antimalarial-drugs is essential in Congo. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) recommended by WHO since 2001 are the best alternative regimens for malaria treatment but inaccessible to the needy because of their high-cost. The complete absence of the dhps-K540E mutation is a deterrent component for using this molecular marker as an early warning tool for SP resistance testing in that population. Poor compliance issues related to the antimalarial drug use including inappropriate manufacturing practices observed in this urban community require intensive attention and should be taken into account in the process of changing antimalarial treatment policy
Mourembou, Gaël. "Etiologie bactérienne du syndrome fébrile au Gabon." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5032.
Full textFever is one of the main reasons of hospital consultations in Sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria is the most frequently suspected cause, posing a big problem: the wrong prescription of anti-malarial drugs to febrile patients without malaria.In a context of the sporadic existence of the major viral causes of fever added to the fact that febrile patients are often diagnosed negative for malaria, this work aimed to assess, especially, the presence of bacteria in the blood samples from febrile and afebrile Gabonese people using molecular tools. The intestinal bacterial flora was also evaluated from stool samples using culturomics method.A total of 1,363 DNA extracts including 1,203 from febrile patients were analyzed. Rickettsia felis was the most frequently detected bacterium in 50 febrile patients followed by Staphylococcus aureus (26), Streptococcus pneumoniae (12), Salmonella spp (11), Tropheryma whipplei (1) and Streptococcus pyogenes (1). Borrelia spp was detected in 2 afebrile cases. Plasmodium, Mansonella perstans, Loa loa and Mansonella sp "DEUX" were also detected. The evaluation of the gut bacterial flora from Gabonese people showed that Firmicutes were abundant followed by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. New bacteria were discovered: Gabonia massiliensis, Gabonibacter massiliensis, Kallipyga gabonensis, Intestinimonas gabonensis and Bacillus massiliogabonensis.This work gives data enhancing the fight against the fever in Gabon
Rebaudet, Stanislas. "Epidémiologie moléculaire et génétique des populations de Plasmodium falciparum dans l'archipel des Comores. Implications pour la lutte antipaludique." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00514306.
Full textIroungou, Angoue Berthe. "Syndrome fébrile non bactérien en milieu pédiatrique à Franceville au Gabon." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5024/document.
Full textFebrile syndrome, the main cause of consultation in pediatric wards from Sub-Saharan Africa remains in great majority associated with infectious diseases (parasites, viruses, bacteria). In this thesis, we identified the infectious agents associated with childhood fever in order to develop suitable molecular tools allowing the epidemiological surveillance. This work is divided into two main parts. Firstly, we analyzed the prevalence of Plasmodium infection in febrile patients (children and adults) by combined microscopy and PCR to determine the rate of P. falciparum submicroscopic infection (SMI).Secondly, another cross-sectional survey was conducted at pediatric ward of HASG in which the main etiological causes of febrile illness in children were investigated. Of 203 children recruited, 111 were diagnosed positive for P. falciparum by microscopy and PCR (SMI). Concomitantly, clinical cases of Mumps and Measles viruses were diagnosed respectively. The whole genome of mump virus strain isolated has been sequenced and composed of 15,263 nucléotides. Finally, Measles virus has been diagnosed by PCR and genetic analysis revealed that this strain associated with the outbreak of Libreville. In conclusion, febrile syndrome in childhood at Franceville is essentially caused by P. falciparum and Paramyxovirus infections. These results show that submicroscopic infection of P. falciparum can serve as a reservoir and also able to initiate a severe symptomatology in children