Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paludisme – Chez l'enfant – Épidémiologie'
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Ratsimbasoa, Claude Arsène. "Prise en charge du paludisme au niveau communautaire chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans : evaluation de la mise en œuvre de la nouvelle politique nationale." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21848/document.
Full textContext:One should think back of the effectiveness of malaria case management strategy at the community level Otherwise, questions will remain unanswered on the setting up of the new national Policy including the replacement of the chloroquine with combination artesunate and amodiaque and the introduction of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for fever case management among children under five.Objective:The principal goal of our essay is to assess fever case management strategy among children under five years old at the community level. To proceed to the assessment, three specific objectives were tackled: (i) Therapeutic effectiveness of the fixed combination (artesunate-amodiaque) in fever case management among children under five at the community level. ii)the assessment of RDT performances used at the community level and iii) description of malaria epidemiological situation at the community level and the assessment of the impact of the fight against malaria strategies implementedMethodology: Two long depth studies were applied. The first study (Objective 1 and 2) was conducted in February 2008 to February 2010 (24 months) among children under five years old in stable transmission area (Manakara district) and in changeable transmission area (Moramanga district). The second study (objective 3) was held in February 2009 and March 2011 in stable transmission area (Manakara).Outputs and Conclusion:Objective 1: Data collected during our study enabled us to confirm the excellent therapeutically effectiveness of the fixed combination “artesunate-amodiaque”. We have noticed that the global clinical recovery rate is 98.4% after 28 days and 97.9% after 42 days of treatment. Compliance with the treatment was estimated at 83.4%. Not any adverse effect was noticed.Objective 2: This study enabled us to confirm the diagnostic performances of community health workers using RDT in terms of sensitiveness, specification. VPP and VPN were more 85% than the reliability between microscopic results and the RDTs estimated by the kappa value was excellent (83%) and RDTs were stable even kept at the community level. The introduction of RDT at the community level seems to be an effective strategy to improve sick people case management, to reduce overconsumption of products anti-malaria (and so reduce the cost of treatments used uselessly) and to reduce the selection pressure from this overconsumption.Objective 3: We could prove that prevention and treatment measures at the community level were effective with the objective measure of reducing malaria rate. We could bring to evidence an important variation of malaria rate between villages of one same commune from few kilometers of distance, suggesting targeted interventions depending on the risks linked to the geographic, agricultural and climate situations. This work enabled us to suggest a first methodological approach that is better to extend to collect prevalence data and in adverse circumstances in other communes and to mention the RDT targeted needs and ACTs in Madagascar
Safeukui, Noubissi Innocent. "Analyse des facteurs épidémiologiques immunologiques et génétiques de prédisposition au paludisme grave dans une population d'enfants vivant à Bamako." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21124.
Full textSeveral studies in endemic regions have shown the importance of epidemiological, immunological and genetic factors in the control of Plasmodium falciparum infection. The effects of these factors are sometime contradictory, or vary with epidemiological facies or the area. This study conducted in Bamako (a malaria endemic area) aims to : 1)- test whether cerebral malaria or severe malarial anaemia aggregated within families (as this is the first step towards a family-based approach to identify the environmental and genetic pathways). 2)- identify epidemiological risk factors fore severe malaria among children living in Bamako. 3)- quantify the level of some principal cytokines of immune response (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12 p70 et IL-13) in the peripheral blood of patient with cerebral malaria or severe malarial anaemia. 4)- test the association between IL12B gene (coding for IL-12 p40) polymorphisms in and severe malaria. Our data suggest strong individual and familial aggregation of cerebral malaria and severe malarial anaemia in population of Bamako. In addition, several epidemiological risk factors for severe malaria have been identified in this population. With the exception of a personal yellow fever vaccination histoty which is associated with an increase risk of severe malaria, al lthe studied independent factors associated with severe malaria were directly related to child's mother : her personal health status or her knowledge, attitude and practices. Programmes aiming to improve maternal health and education may thus reduce the incidence of severe malaria in Mali as well as in neighbouring countries, and should therefore be advocated. Quantification of some cytokines in the peripheral blood highlighted the protector role of IFN-γ for severe malaria and death due to cerebral malaria. Genetic study underlines the role of IL-12 in the determinism of cerebral malaria. There is an association between cerebral malaria and an insertion-deletion of 4 bases in the IL12B promoter region ; this polymorphism has been associated with the reduce levels of IL12 p40, IL12 p70 and NO production. Together, our data provide further insight into the epidemiology of severe malaria and host mechanism of resistance to this infection. The identification of epidemiological risk factors for severe malaria will allow reinforcement of the strategies of control of this infection , definition of cytokines implicated in the protection against this disease will be an incaluable help in the elaboration of new therapeutic and vaccinal strategies
Dechavanne, Célia. "Construction de la réponse anticorps spécifique du paludisme chez le jeune enfant : étude combinée de l’hôte, du parasite et de leur environnement." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P608/document.
Full textFour epidemiological studies showed that infants born from mothers with Plasmodium falciparum placental malaria at delivery present a higher susceptibility to plasmodial infections than others. In connection with this observation, we hypothesized that i) the infants’ P. falciparum specific antibody responses are different according to presence or absence of placental malaria at delivery in their mothers and ii) susceptibility could only be induced by antigens that bring the same polymorphisms as those found in infected mothers. Another project consisted to develop a new methodology to distinguish maternal and neonatal antibodies in order to measure accurately neo-synthesized antibodies in the first months of life. A birth cohort of 620 newborns was established in an area endemic for malaria. Infants were followed-up until 18 months of age and their antibody responses specific for 7 P. falciparum antigens were quarterly measured. The emergence of the immune maturation process was observed in 18-months-infants. The acquisition of specific antibody responses was not impacted by placental malaria. The new methodological approach leading to distinguish maternal and neonatal antibodies was validated. The genetic characterization of the parasite antigen polymorphisms in mothers at delivery and their infants during the follow-up, in link to environmental data, led partially to the validation of the immune tolerance hypothesis
Raffy, Véronique. "Etude épidémiologique du paludisme chez les Adélé au Togo." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25204.
Full textMaffre, Thierry. "Etude expérimentale du Dominique : perspective en épidémiologie psychiatrique chez l'enfant." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU31548.
Full textBertille, Nathalie. "Pharmaco-épidémiologie du traitement symptomatique de la fièvre chez l'enfant." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066341.
Full textFever is the first reason for consultation and drug treatment in children in primary care. Main drugs used in this indication are acetaminophen and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ibuprofen. The objective of this thesis was to produce new knowledge on parents’ and healthcare professionals' (HPs) practices for the symptomatic treatment of fever in children with a focus on drug treatments. We used data from an observational, cross-sectional, national study performed from October 2007 to June 2008, where 1,534 general practitioners, primary care pediatricians, and pharmacists (participation rate 13%) included 6,596 children with fever < 48 hr. Analyses used notably multivariate multilevel models.Knowledge and practices of parents and HPs were frequently discordant with recommendations, notably for antipyretic measures. The main determinants of discordant practices were a low parental educational level, an older child’s age and the healthcare professional being a general practitioner. Among children who received acetaminophen, a large use of suppositories has been observed, including for non-vomiting and/or older children. Parents used more NSAIDs than HPs, and this gradient increased in clinical conditions potentially at risk of adverse effect. Our results highlight the need for health education interventions and continuing medical training on fever management in children, and enable to identify priority messages
Mahon-Malgouyres, Isabelle Picherot Georges. "Le paludisme d'importation chez l'enfant au CHU de Nantes étude rétrospective sur 2 ans (2004 et 2005) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=59086.
Full textYongui-Massok, Nadine. "Attitudes thérapeutiques du paludisme, en milieu familial, chez l'enfant résidant au Cameroun." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P058.
Full textSALVAN, NICOLAS. "Le paludisme visceral evolutif chez l'enfant : a propos d'une observation chez un enfant zairois de 3 ans." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU31025.
Full textRancé, Fabienne. "Allergie à l'arachide chez l'enfant : épidémiologie, diagnostic et prise en charge." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30054.
Full textFood allergies to peanuts are increasingly common. The first problem is diagnosing peanut allergy in children, which ideally relies on an oral food challenge (OFC). However, OFCs are dangerous, costly, and time consuming. In order to reduce the indication for an OFC and to diagnose peanut allergy, I designed a decision tree (no OFC with a prick test wheal diameter greater than or equal to 16 mm and/or a specific IgE value greater than 57 kUA/L). This gave rise to the second problem. What is the prevalence of peanut allergy in France? We do not have epidemiological data. I thus conducted a questionnaire-based survey. The cumulative prevalence of peanut allergy in school children was estimated at 0. 7% and the point prevalence at 0. 5%. This led to the third problem. Removing peanuts from the diet is the only way to avoid accidents. However, even among informed patients, the frequency of exposure to peanuts is high. I have developed an educationnal programme
Nancy, Javotte. "Les lactobacilles chez l'enfant : de la dentine à la salive." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR2OU04.
Full textBot, Ba Njock Simon. "Chloroquine chez l'enfant impalude : étude de la pharmacocinétique et réponses clinique et parasitologique compte tenu des conditions du terrain." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P080.
Full textLokossou, Adjimon. "Contrôle génétique de la réponse anticorps antipalustre dans le cas du paludisme placentaire et du paludisme de l'enfant, au Bénin." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05P642.
Full textThis work described anti-malaria antibody responses in Beninese pregnant women and their newborns as well as young children according to IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 gene polymorphisms or Gm and Km immunoglobulin allotypes. Our study is based on clinical, parasitological and biological data obtained for all individuals. Cytokine genotypes distribution was similar among women from Tori-Bossito in Benin as in a reference population of Yoruba from Nigeria. Maternal polymorphisms IL-4-590*C/T and IL-4+33*C/T were associated with variable placental parasite densities and haemoglobin levels in mothers at delivery. These polymorphisms and those located at -1082 and -592 in maternal IL-10 gene were associated with variable anti-malaria IgG and IgM levels in mothers and their newborns. Exploration of PfEMP1/VarO antibody response in symptomatic and asymptomatic children from southern Benin showed higher antibody levels directed to different PfEMP1/VarO domains in asymptomatic children. Finally, analysis of the role of Gm and Km immunoglobulin allotypes in the immune response to malaria among these children revealed an amplification of the anti-VarO antibody response until the age of 4 years for children carrying the Gm 5,6,13,14; 1,17 phenotype that was already related to clinical protection against malaria in the same children
Peyre, Hugo. "Épidémiologie du développement cognitif de l'enfant pendant la période préscolaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066617/document.
Full textIn this Thesis, we studied the cognitive development of children during the preschool period in a French longitudinal cohort: the EDEN prospective mother-child cohort (N = 2002). In the framework of cognitive epidemiology, we attempted to answer a variety of issues whose common denominator is the study of the sources of inter-individual variability. First, we identified the factors that predict change in language skills in a large sample of children between 2 and 3 years of age. Secondly, we determined whether early predictors of cognitive development affect some cognitive functions more than others. Thirdly, we examined the relationships between children’s language skills and symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention between 3 and 5.5 years. Fourthly, we determined whether high intelligence is associated with emotional, behavioral and social difficulties during the preschool period. Finally, we determined whether the developmental milestones at 4, 8, 12 and months predict children’s IQ at 5.5 years
Kaboré, Henri. "Étude épidémiologique des gastroentérites bactériennes et parasitaires infantiles déclarées au Québec de 1999 à 2006 en lien avec certains facteurs de risque environnementaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27216/27216.pdf.
Full textTarer, Vanessa. "Epidemiologie des complications aigues chez l'enfant drépanocytaire ss Guadeloupéen: : histoire naturelle,incidence et facteurs de risque." Antilles-Guyane, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AGUY0141.
Full textIn Guadeloupe,sickle cell anemia (SCA) is frequently encoutered associated with high morbidity and a major public healt concern. One of the main features of SCA is the remarkable diversity of its clinical spectrum. The prospective study of 239 SCA children followed up by the guadeloupéan sickle cell center betwen 1980 and 1999,allowed to describe the natural history of SCA in this Caribbean island and to provide information about pattern and risk factors of acute clinical events. Prevalences of painful crises (VOC),acute chest syndrome (ACS),acute splenic sequestration,were 65%, 59% and 25%,respectively. Osteomyelitis,septicemia and meningitis affected 16%, 14% and 3% of the patients respectively. The propective effect of HbF level on the overall disease expression was confirmed and, for the first time,extended to acute anemic events and septicemia. Abalated medical fommow-up was associated with an increased risk of the first VOC and ACS. This is a new argument for the precocious medical follow-up of SCA patients. Two other risk factors of the first ACS were identified:asthma and homozygous state for the T8002C variant of the endothelin-1 gene,while ec NOS T-786C polymorphism seemed to have a propective effect on the occurence of first ACS. Studies like ours are a necessary preliminary to global genetic approaches newly developed to identify modifiers genes of the patology, and are indispensable for distinguishing environmental from genetic factors involved in thye polymorphism of expression of sickle cell anemia
Le, Port Agnès. "Survenue des premières infections palustres chez le nouveau-né au Bénin." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066468.
Full textMathet, Franck. "Epidémiologie des troubles dépressifs de l'enfant et de l'adolescent : étude dans une population consultant en médecine générale." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23012.
Full textFillol, Florie. "Relation entre l'état nutritionnel et le paludisme chez les jeunes enfants d'Afrique sub-saharienne vivant en zone de transmission saisonnière du paludisme." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20099.
Full textIn Africa, malnutrition and malaria remain major causes of childhood mortality. To better understand the interaction between these two affections, we have analysed data collected during an intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) of malaria trial conducted on preschool children. Our findings suggest that advertising on malaria and the basic medical services offered during the trial may have improved the height status of the children. We also investigated the impact of malnutrition on susceptibility to malaria. Our results show that, on one hand, wasting was associated with a decreased risk of having a subsequent clinical malaria attack and on the other hand, that specific antibodies (IgG) levels were significantly lower in stunted children compared to well-nourished ones. Altogether, these findings highlight the importance of integrating children nutritional status when defining malaria control interventions, particularly in the development of a malaria vaccine
Etenna, Lekana-Douki Sonia. "Etiologies virales des syndromes grippaux chez l'adulte et l'enfant et des syndromes diarrhéiques chez l'enfant au Gabon." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20097.
Full textInfluenza-like illness (ILI) is causing mild to severe illnesses that can cause million of deaths each year worldwide. They cause epidemics annually or pandemics. The emergence of a new strain of influenza A virus (pH1N1) in 2009 sparked increased surveillance of influenza viruses. In addition, diarrheal syndromes represent a major public health problem among children under 5 years old. Few data exist on the circulation of influenza and diarrhea viruses in Gabon. In this context, a network surveillance of ILI and diarrhea virus was established in Gabon. The objective of this study was to characterize the viruses responsible of influenza-like illness and diarrhea in four major cities of Gabon.1066 nasal swabs were collected from July 2009 to June 2011. Three hundred and seventeen (317) stools were collected from children under 5 years old from March 2010 to June 2011. Viral etiologies were analyzed by real-time PCR with primers specifics of viruses responsible of ILI: seasonal influenza A and B, pandemic influenza, parainfluenza viruses type 1-4 (PIV1-4), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), coronaviruses NL63 (HCoV-NL63), HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1), OC43 (HCoV-OC43), 229E (HCoV-229E), adenoviruses (AdVs), rhinoviruses (HRVs), parechovirus (HPeVs), enteroviruses (EVs). The enteric viruses were: adenoviruses, noroviruses type 1, 2 (NoV-I, NoV- II), sapoviruses (SaVs), astroviruses (HAstVs) and rotaviruses A (RVA). Genetic diversity was analyzed by phylogenetic analysis following the sequencing of the amplified fragments.Among the swabs analyzed, 61% (n = 654) were positive for at least one virus: AdV (16%), PIVs (15%), virus influenza (13%), EV (12%), RSV (12%), HRV (8%), HCoVs (6.5%), hMPV (2%) and HPeV (0,5%). Children under five years old were the most susceptible population (78%). Viral co-infections were found in nearly one-third (1/3) cases of influenza-like illness: 25% (2 viruses), 6% (3 viruses) and 1 case of co-infection with four viruses. They mainly concerned AdV (41%) and EVs (43%). The seasonality of influenza-like illness has also been showed: 70% occured during the rainy seasons. The prevalence of viral etiologies of diarrhea in children under 5 years old was 60.9% (n = 193). The virus responsible of these were: RVA (21.7%), AdV (19.6%), NoV-I (9.1%), NoV-II (13.9%), SaV (9.5 %) and HastV (6.3%). Among the AdV, the majority serotype was AdV-41 (species F), while the majority of astrovirus genotype was HAstV-1. We got a total or partial genotyping G/P for 59 patients. The strains were identified: G1P[8] (8.5%), G2P[4] (3.4%), G3P[6] (1.7%), G6P[6] (40.7%), G12P[8] (3.4%), G1 (1.7%), G2 (3.4%), G3 (3.4%), G6 (13.5%), G12 (6.7%), P[6] (8.5%), P[8] (5.1%). This work allowed the establishment of a surveillance network of viruses responsible of ILI and diarrhea in order to deal with epidemics and pandemics in Gabon. The study of diarrheal syndromes identified strains circulating in Gabon, including rotavirus affecting public health. These results allow us to consider a better adaptation of therapeutic and reflection regarding the implementation of a vaccination strategy against rotavirus and influenza viruses
Thuilliez, Josselin. "Paludisme et développement économique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492496.
Full textMoya-Alvarez, Violeta. "Facteurs de risque de paludisme chez la femme enceinte et le jeune enfant au Bénin." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066539/document.
Full textIn Benin malaria and nutritional deficiencies are the main diseases contributing to the disease burden. Therefore, preventive strategies targetting both diseases have been deployed for over 10 years. Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) is responsible for maternal anaemia, placental malaria and low birth weight (<2500g). To prevent PAM, the WHO recommends the intermittent preventive treatmentduring pregnancy (IPTp). Considering that IPTp has an effect on PAM, and thereby influences the exposure of the fœtus to the parasite, we wanted to investigate the possible effect of IPTp on malaria in infants. In parallel, iron supplements are recommended during pregnancy to prevent maternal anemia. As there is some epidemiological evidence that iron might enhance malaria episodes and their severity we wanted to analyse the association of iron levels with malaria in pregnancy and infancy. Therefore, we conducted a cohort study of 1005 pregnant women and 400 infants from 2010 to 2012 in Allada (Benin). We showed that IPTp duration (number of days between doses) was inversely correlated with malaria risk and P. falciparum parasitemia, possibly due to the reduction of the exposure of the fœtus to the parasite in utero. We also found that iron levels during pregnancy and infancy were associated to increased malaria risk and P. falciparum parasitemia, with a possible dose effect. In a context of growing resistance to SP, IPTp doses and observance should increase. In addition, complementary interventional data are needed to determine the benefits and risks of differently dosed iron supplements, in order to ascertain their impact on infant health in malaria-endemic regions
Cornu, André. "La mesure du tour de bras chez le jeune enfant : étude critique de son utilisation en épidémiologie nutritionnelle." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20312.
Full textCabantous, Sandrine. "Analyses génétiques de l'IFN-gamma, de l'IL-4 et du TNF dans le paludisme grave de l'enfant." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20670.
Full textIn endemic malaria area, 5% of children infected by Plasmodium falciparum develop severe malaria (cerebral malaria and/or severe anaemia), and 1% of them die of the complications associated with serious forms. The aim of our study is to identify the immunologic and genetic factors that predispose to severe malaria, and explain that some children develop severe malaria whereas others develop only non complicated malaria. Cytoadherence of parasitized erythrocytes in blood vessels and an inadapted immune response, implicated IFN- (Interferon gamma), TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) and IL-4 (Interleukin-4), seem to play an important role in the severe malaria development in children. Our project has permitted to clarify the role of IFN-, TNF and IL-4 in the severe malaria pathogenesis, using genetic and immunological approach. Our results indicate that children with severe malaria (cerebral malaria and severe anaemia) have lower plasma IFN- levels and higher plasma IL-4 levels than children with uncomplicated malaria. Using familial association genetic studies, we have established that IFNG-183T allele, that increases IFNG expression, is associated with reduced risk to develop CM (p=9. 10-3), moreover IL4VNTR1/2 genotype (p=1. 10-4) is associated with increase risk to severe malaria. IL4VNTR1/2 has been associated to high plasma IL-4 level (p=10-2). On the other hand, our study does not show an association of TNF plasma levels, TNFA-308A/G and TNFA-238A/G with severe malaria. These results suggest a protective role of IFN- and an aggravating role of IL-4 in severe malaria
Yehouessi, Alain Nicodème. "La prévalence du paludisme chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans au Sénégal : prévention et traitement." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010703.
Full textAubouy, Agnès. "Influence des facteurs parasitaires et humains sur l'efficacité du traitement du paludisme à "Plasmodium falciparum" chez l'enfant au Gabon." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20023.
Full textSouares, Aurélia. "Mesure et déterminants de l'observance des prescriptions de combinaisons thérapeutiques dans le traitement de l'accès palustre simple chez l'enfant au Sénégal." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066056.
Full textMsellati, Philippe. "Infection par le VIH chez l'enfant et vaccinations de routine : une étude de cohorte menée à Kigali, Rwanda." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23104.
Full textBoëte, Christophe. "Ecologie évolutive de la réponse de mélanisation chez le moustique Aedes aegypti et utilisation des moustiques génétiquement modifiés pour le contrôle du paludisme." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066028.
Full textFaye, Sylvain. "Le paludisme infantile chez les seereer du Sénégal : évolution des savoirs et pratiques thérapeutiques dans un contexte migratoire." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21194.
Full textThis study (thesis) analyzes the conditions of knowledge change and therapeutic behaviors related to infantile malaria, in a context of biomedical diffusion (campaigns and sensibilization or public education). We considered urban migration which is generally perceived as a favorable context. This research focuses on a seereer siin population in Niakhar, a Mbour migratory community (Senegal). It is based on qualitative surveys (interviews, direct observations, life experiences) carried out on the residents and within community health care structures at both the rural and urban areas. Malaria, which is locally refered to as sumaan ndiig, is an ordinary disease which is not the subject of elaborate representations provided by the tradition. This specificity accounts for the possible and various reinterpretations of its etiology. Consequently, the cultural representations thus do not constitute barriers to its integration to the biomedical, in this process of construction. If urban areas offer a favorable context to its diffusion, the availability of an innovative biomedical knowledge is not enough to influence the evolution of such practices. Behavioural change aimed at improving the resort to biomedical care also depends on the socio-economic situation, contextual characteristics and the provision of heath care facilities that are at the disposition of migrants
Douine, Maylis. "Epidémiologie du paludisme chez les personnes travaillant sur des sites d’orpaillage illégal en Guyane : Quels enjeux pour la santé publique ?" Thesis, Guyane, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017YANE0006/document.
Full textIntroduction: Although official data show a global decrease of malaria in French Guiana, this disease often affects illegal gold miners working in the deep Amazonian forest. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the malaria prevalence in this population. The secondary objectives were to evaluate and map the proportion of Plasmodium species, to assess behavior, attitudes and practices regarding malaria in this population, to measure the artemisinin resistance level in parasites and to evaluate their general health. Material and methods: Inclusions took place at the gold miners’ resting sites, spread along the Maroni river. After recording their informed consent, a malaria rapid test was performed, as well as a questionnaire, a clinical exam and a blood sample for microscopy, PCR and resistance test (RSA and PfK13 genotyping for P. falciparum positive samples). Results: From January to June 2015, 421 gold miners were included, mainly men (sex ratio 2.4), Brazilian nationals (93.8%), with a median age of 37 years. Plasmodium prevalence using PCR was 22.3% (CI95%: 18.3 - 26.3), of whom 84% were asymptomatic. During the last malaria attack, 52.4% selfmedicated with artemisinin derivatives (93.8%) and a poor treatment adherence (37.8%). Being in French Guiana when the malaria attack occurred was strongly associated with selfmedication (AOR=22.1). One sample showed a survival rate higher than 1% in RSA test but PfK13 genotyping did not reveal any mutation in P. falciparum. Discussion: This high prevalence of asymptomatic carriers constitutes a huge reservoir for malaria transmission in the region. Massive use of artemisinin derivatives associated with poor treatment adherence are factors that may contribute to the emergence of artemisinin resistance. That would have huge sanitary and economical consequences. With political will, actions are possible to limit this risk, as the distribution of kits for self diagnosis and self-treatment with training on resting sites
Donadieu, Jean. "Evaluation des études pronostiques dans la leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique de l'enfant." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T009.
Full textColin, Catherine. "Séroprévalence des infections à "Chlamydia pneumoniae" chez l'enfant : données cliniques et épidémiologiques en milieu hospitalier." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P059.
Full textBarennes, Hubert. "Evaluation du quinimax intrarectal, en alternative aux administrations parenterales de quinine, lors du traitement du paludisme a plasmodium falciparum chez l'enfant africain." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066038.
Full textRudant, Jérémie. "Facteurs de risque environnementaux et familiaux des hémophpathies malignes de l'enfant : Analyse de l'enquête Escale." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T062.
Full textJavouhey, Etienne. "Enfants victimes de l'insécurité routière : épidémiologie des traumatismes et séquelles." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10001.
Full textDayan, Jacques. "L'agression sexuelle de l'enfant et de l'adolescent : aspects épidémiologiques, criminologiques et psychopathologiques." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20056.
Full textThe concept of trauma developed y psychoanalysis specially enlighten the comprehension of the sequels of child sexual abuse. Emotions and cognition as rememoration are modified by the aggression. These distortions could be understood as mechanisms of defence. The consequences in the examination of the child or the adolescent in forensic practice are detailed. Two multicentric studies with comparison groups, one using the CECA (Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse) demonstrated the importance of victimisation and precise the occurence of more classic troubles as post-traumatic stress disorder among this population. We also discuss birth as a traumatic event and the occurence of severe troubles as bipolar disorders in this occasion
Adamou, Rafiou. "Etude du rôle fonctionnel des IgG dans la susceptibilité au paludisme chez de jeunes enfants béninois." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB026.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to study the role of antibodies in susceptibility or resistance to malaria in young Beninese children naturally exposed to malaria infections during their first two years of life. Two complementary projects (PALNOUGENENV and TOLIMMUNPAL) were implemented in Benin to identify individual factors of malaria susceptibility. The PALNOUGENENV cohort included 600 mothers at delivery and their children from birth to 18 months of age in order to study the effects of placental malaria infection in mothers on first occurrence of malaria infections in newborns. In the TOLIMMUNPAL cohort 400 mothers were included at the first antenatal visit and followed until delivery while their infants were followed from birth to 24 months in order to study environmental determinants, biological and genetic involved in the development of immune tolerance associated with malaria and its impact on the protection of pregnant women and infants. Specifically, the association between malaria infection and the level of antibodies specifically directed against the most advanced vaccine candidate antigens of the erythrocyte stage on one hand and the ability of antibodies to inhibit in vitro the development of P. falciparum on the other hand were investigated. Our results show an association in the cohort PALNOUGENENV between high levels of IgG1 to MSP1 19 vaccine candidate antigens (p <0.001, OR = 0.90) and IgG3 to MSP2 3D7 (p <0.001, OR = 0.89) and protection against malaria infection. In the TOLIMMUNPAL cohort, high levels of IgG2 to GLURP R2 (p = 0.05, OR = 2.10) were instead associated with an increased risk of malaria infection. Functional analysis of IgG using the GIA test revealed that the infection with P. falciparum at the sampling time affected the ability of IgG to inhibit parasite growth in vitro. The purified IgG from individuals infected with P. falciparum when the sample was collected had an average 19% lower capacity of inhibition of parasite growth (p = 0.003, Wilcoxon matched pairs test) than those that were uninfected at the time of sampling. An inverse correlation was found between age and the ability of antibodies to inhibit in vitro invasion of red blood cells by the parasite. There was no association between antibody levels and ability to inhibit the in vitro parasite development. In the development of the Antibody-Dependent Respiratory Burst (ADRB) assay, the promyelocytic cell line PLB 985W was used. These cells have the capacity to differentiate into neutrophils after exposure to DMSO. Our results showed a low ability of this cell line to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to human neutrophils and ROS levels produced by this cell line are insufficient to be used in the test ADRB. Our results confirm the important role of MSP1 19 and MSP2 3D7 vaccine candidate antigens in malaria protection. Although the levels of antibodies to MSP1 19 and MSP2 3D7 were associated with decrease risk of P. falciparum infection, the functional study of antibody using the GIA assay did not allow demonstrating the relationship to protection. Investigation on the functional role of antibodies is complex as IgG could act through multiple direct or indirect mechanisms. We will continue to investigate the functional role of antibody, particularly in plasma samples from our two birth cohorts by using the ADRB assay. Results will aid in providing new information to the existing knowledge gap and will help in malaria vaccine development
Dicko, Alassane. "Le Traitement Intermittent Préventif comme stratégie de lutte contre le paludisme chez les enfants." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21767/document.
Full textMalaria is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world and 40% of the world population is exposed to malaria. Despite the current control strategies such as rapid diagnosis and treatment of disease cases, use of insecticide impregnated materials and indoor residuals spraying with insecticides, malaria remained a main cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in sub Saharan Africa. More than 90% of the deaths due to malaria occurred in this region and 88% of these deaths occurred in children aged less than 5 years of age. In absence of vaccine that can be used in public health, there is an urgent need for a simple and efficient control strategy. Malaria intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) defined as the administration of curative dose of anti-malarial drug at predefined time intervals, appears as one of the most promising strategies. Given through the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI), the strategy reduced the incidence of malaria by 30%. More drastic reductions were obtained in children aged 0-5 years and even 0-10 years when the malaria transmission season was targeted for the administration of the strategy. Our research work in Mali has assessed the following:- The impact of implementation of IPT administrated through EPI (IPTi) on: i) the resistance of P. falciparum to Sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (SP); ii) EPI vaccine coverage, and iii) mortality of children of 4-18 months of age. - The efficacy of IPT in children targeting the malaria transmission season (IPTe) in a context of low and high coverage of insecticide impregnated nets (ITN).We have found that the implementation of IPTi at the district level has resulted in an augmentation of the EPI vaccine coverage. The EPI vaccine coverage was 53% in the non-intervention zone compared to 69.5% in the intervention zone (p<0,01). There was a reduction in all cause mortality of 27% (RR= 0.73, 95% CI : 0.55-0.97, p=0.029) in children aged 4-18 months. The frequencies of molecular markers of the resistance of P. falciparum to SP were similar at the beginning and the end of the one year implementation period and between the intervention and non-intervention zones.Two doses of SP given at 8 weeks interval during the transmission season, reduced the incidence of malaria episodes during the transmission season by 69.4% in children aged less than 5 years and by 63.4% in children aged 5-10 years in a context of very low ITN use (<5%). In another study that we have conducted, IPT with SP + Amodiaquine (AQ) given at three occasions at one month interval during the transmission season reduced the incidence rate of clinical malaria by 82% (95% CI: 78%– 85%; P<0.001), and the incidence of severe and complicated malaria by 87% (95% IC 42% – 99%, P=0.001) in children aged 3 to 59 months of age despite an ITN use of greater than 99%.There was no serious adverse event related to the use of SP or SP+AQ in IPT during the two studies. Our results support the recommendation of IPT targeting the transmission season and IPT given through the EPI for malaria control in children
Hasheminezhad, Maryam. "Maladies chroniques psychiatriques et comorbidités neurologiques chez les enfants et adolescents : étude en population sur le recours aux soins utilisant le SNIIRAM." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB013/document.
Full textChronic psychiatric diseases and neurological comorbidities in children and adolescents
Khim, Nimol. "Approche génomique et bioinformatique de l'émergence et de la diffusion des résistances chez Plasmodium au Cambodge." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON13517/document.
Full textMalaria, a protozoan vector-borne disease, is mainly prevalent in tropical areas, where nearly 40% of the world population is residing and remains one of the most concerns for public health worldwide. In Cambodia, the five Plasmodium species known to cause malaria in humans are present. The main feature of this country is that it is recognized as the epicenter of the emergence of multi-resistant P. falciparum parasites (to chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, mefloquine, and artemisinin), a very significant menace to public health in the Mekong region that could impact the worldwide strategy to fight malaria. The thesis presented here, entitled “Genomics and Bioinformatics in the emergence and spread of resistant Plasmodium in Cambodia” aimed to develop new molecular and biological tools for:1) improving our understanding of the collateral impact of the strategies implemented to fight against falciparum malaria on the other Plasmodium species; 2) defining the molecular epidemiology of antimalarial resistant parasites, especially resistance to quinine and artemisinin derivatives;3) studying and defining the structure of P. falciparum parasite populations circulating in Cambodia to estimate areas at risk of spread of artemisinin resistance, using genomic approaches and bioinformatics. This thesis was carried out in the Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit at Pasteur Institute in Cambodia (IPC) under the co-direction of Dr. Didier Ménard (Head of the Unit, IP) and Pr. Emmanuel Cornillot (Professor, University of Montpellier I). The first objective of this work was to study the impact of drug used to treat falciparum malaria on the dynamics of other Plasmodium species. In a first step, we evaluated the polymorphism in gene associated to pyrimethamine resistance (dhfr gene, dihydrofolate reductase) in Plasmodium malariae and in Plasmodium ovale (article 1 and manuscript in preparation 1) and the polymorphism in mdr-1 gene (multidrug resistance 1 gene) associated to mefloquine resistance in P. vivax (article 2). Secondly, in collaboration with Pasteur Institute in Madagascar, we investigated the association between the polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum Na + / H + exchanger gene (Pfnhe-1) and quinine resistance defined either by clinical or in vitro phenotypes (articles 3 and 4). The second objective was focused on the development of novel biological and molecular tools to assess the resistance of P. falciparum to artemisinin derivatives. The three papers presented (articles 5, 6 and 7) describe an original approach combining genomics, biological, clinical and epidemiological studies, which lead to the discovery of a molecular marker (mutations Kelch 13 gene) associated to artemisinin resistance.The third and final objective was devoted to the development of the PCR-LDR-FMA technology applied to the detection of a panel of 24 SNPs to characterize a "barcode" of P. falciparum isolates. This technic coupled with bioinformatics and statistical analysis allowed us to study and define the structure of the parasite populations circulating in Cambodia for estimating areas at risk of spread of artemisinin resistance (manuscript in preparation 2). Through this work, we have tried to show the usefulness of available molecular biology methods coupled with genomic and bioinformatics approaches to improve our understanding of the dynamics of the malaria parasite populations. This work has been mainly focused on the emergence and spread of antimalarial resistant parasites, keeping in mind that the ultimate goal of this work was to improve strategies implemented to achieve the ambitious goal of malaria elimination
Pommier, de Santi Vincent. "Etude des déterminants du paludisme chez les militaires français déployés en Guyane dans le cadre de la lutte contre l’orpaillage illégal." Thesis, Guyane, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017YANE0008/document.
Full textSince 2002, French armed forces are involved in operations against illegal gold mining in French Guiana. Despite a properly dimensioned prevention program against malaria conducted, a drastic increase of malaria incidence has been observed among military personnel. The first part of this thesis aimed to describe the determinants of malaria in French Guiana forest, including human, vector and parasite features. We have established the link between malaria among military personnel and illegal gold mining sites. A study conducted among gold miners’ population has shown hyperendemic malaria foci in the rain forest, mainly due to P. falciparum, and highlighted a real risk for emergence of artemisinin resistance. Entomologic investigations supported that Anopheles darlingi is the main vector for malaria in rain forest. In addition, we have demonstrated the existence of daytime biting activity by An. darlingi in the forest, which might play a key role in malaria epidemic outbreaks among military personnel. Other sylvatic vectors were identified, as An. nuneztovari and An. triannulatus, but especially An. ininii and An. marajoara. The second part of the thesis, focused on a prospective cohort study conducted among French military population, highlighted real malaria exposure using serological tools. Serological evidences of Plasmodium infection (SEI) were more frequent for P. falciparum than P. vivax, in agreement with our findings in illegal gold miners’ population. SEI incidence rates were high, around 40 per 100 person-years for P. falciparum and P. vivax. Only complete compliance to malaria chemoprophylaxis using daily 100 mg doxycycline protected against malaria infection
Waysbort, S. "Etude clinique, épidémiologique et thérapeutique des bronchiolites aigue͏̈s du nourrisson en milieu hospitalier." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P072.
Full textGauvin, Stéphanie. "Pollution atmosphérique d'origine automobile et développement de la maladie asthmatique de l'enfant : une étude épidémiologique dans 5 villes françaises : étude VESTA." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE18002.
Full textBerger, Jacques. "L'anémie chez l'enfant dans les pays en développement : étude de deux modèles au Togo et en Bolivie." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20016.
Full textAmigou, Alicia. "Etude des facteurs de risque des leucémies de l'enfant." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954463.
Full textBanza-Nsungu, Antoine Bakwate. "Environnement urbain et santé : la morbidité diarrhéique des enfants de moins de cinq ans à Yaoundé (Cameroun)." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100105.
Full textIlunga-Ilunga, Félicien. "Le paludisme grave de l'enfant: profil des ménages, aspects épidémio-cliniques, et analyse de coûts de prise en charge dans les hôpitaux de Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209063.
Full textObjectifs et hypothèses.
Les hypothèses suivantes ont été posées:
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Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
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Nguyen, Thi Quynh Huong. "Insuffisance rénale chronique : épidémiologie de l'insuffisance rénale chronique chez l'enfant à l'Hôpital national pédiatrique de Hanoi et analyse histologique de l'expression du récepteur B1 de la bradykinine sur des biopsies de transplants rénaux." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/918/.
Full textThe incidence of end stage renal disease (ESRD) has steadily increased in France and in all developed countries, representing a major public health problem. However, as in most developing countries, epidemiological data on the incidence of chronic kidney disease are greatly lacking in Vietnam, especially in children. The National Paediatric Hospital in Hanoi is a unique centre for treating chronic kidney diseases of all children from northern and central Vietnam. This work has revealed that the incidence of chronic renal failure in children is 5. 1 per million. Children are admitted to hospital very late and the rate of refusal of treatment is very high, especially in families not covered by social security (39% among beneficiaries against 72% among non-beneficiaries). The ESRD patients need replacement therapy, dialysis or transplantation, Kidney transplantation, when possible, is the best treatment for patients with ESRD. But despite the progress and steady improvement in the survival of kidney transplants, most of them develop long-term progressive deterioration of function due to the development and installation of chronic inflammation and interstitial fibrosis. The mechanism of the development of chronic kidney graft is a broad field of research in uro-nephrology. The bradykinin B1-receptor (B1R) is a pro-inflammatory receptor, hardly expressed in physiological conditions and induced in a large variety of tissues during chronic inflammation. The objective of this second part is to study the variation of the B1R expression during the first year following kidney graft by using an immunohistological analysis approach. This work shows that in these patients, the B1R expression is significantly correlated to the rate of creatinine (p <0. 05), the systolic blood pressure (p <0. 05) and finally to interstitial inflammation (p <0. 01). These encouraging results could lead to new therapeutic strategies in chronic allograft nephropathy. This thesis carried out in parallel to the National Paediatric Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam and INSERM 858 unity, Toulouse, France, focuses on two major fields of kidney failure: epidemiology and physiological mechanisms
Gutierrez, Robledo Luis Miguel Francisco. "Détérioration cognitive et syndrome métabolique au Mexique : une origine commune dans des facteurs synergiques, agissant depuis la première enfance." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21223.
Full textFour characteristics define the specificities of the Mexican aging process : It high speed, the absence of relationship between an improvement of the economic situation and population aging, a difficult socio-political context and unique health status, in a sense that cohorts aged 60 years or more survived into old age thanks to medical support rather than because of the standards of living. A potential consequence is an increased frailty of the health status expressed in a greater tendency to develop chronic and degenerative diseases. Data was obtained from 4 health surveys in Mexico. We present the prevalence rates for dementia, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and their associated factors. Our results constitute preliminary evidence about the influence of early childhood health and wellbeing on the future emergence of chronic diseases related to the metabolic syndrome. Our results also suggest an association between the metabolic syndrome and dementia's prevalence and nature. The development of cognitive reserve is limited by factors related to malnutrition in childhood and this is reflected in anthropometric markers and this underdevelopment predisposes to cognitive impairment