Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paludisme – Physiopathologie'
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Lekana-Douki, Jean-Bernard. "Paludisme grave : protéines de surface de l'hématie parasitée par P. Falciparum impliquées dans la séquestration parasitaire." Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120035.
Full textSequestration of Plasinodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes is associated with severe malaria. Plasmodium falc parasites express variant adhesion molecules on the surface of infected erythrocytes (lE) which act as targets for natural protection. It was shown that sequestration in placenta is mediated by binding to CSA via DBLy3 domain of PfEMP1 for the mature IE and by RSP2 for rIE. Conventional immunization procedures rarely result in the successful production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against such conformational vaccine candidates. Here we have produced the anti-DBLy3 (CSA) by rendering mice tolerant to normal red blood cells and CHO745. This procedure has permitted us to develop the anti-RSP2 too. Moreover we have produced the simian and murine anti-DBLy3 from recombinant DBLy3 (CSA) We have shown that a anti-DBLy3 (CSA) cross-reactive specifically with the mature IE (CSA) surface, suggesting that the DBLy3 (CSA) induce a pan-reactive immune response. Then the anti-recombinant DBLY3 (CSA) antibodies inhibit the CSA specific binding of parasites. The anti-RSP2 mAbs inhibit the rIE (CSA) cytoadhesion and merozoi͏̈te invasion. We shown that RSP2 is express during all parasite cycle but is localization on the erythrocyte surface is exclusive to the 20 first hour of cycle. During schizont stage, RSP2 is translated on the merozoi͏̈te surface via the rhoptries. It is transferred on the erythrocyte surface during merozoi͏̈te attachment without necessary entry parasite. Together, these results are the important step toward the development of a anti cytoadhesion vaccine that could protect against lE (CSA) sequestration and in particulary pregnant women
Delahaye, Nicolas Frédéric. "Etude des facteurs génétiques de résistance au paludisme : contribution des modèles murins et des analyses d'association familiales à la comprehension de la physiopathologie du paludisme humain." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22041.pdf.
Full textThere is a growing body of evidence for genetic factors controlling the outcome of malaria infection. However, few malaria resistance genes have been identified. In order to identify new genes and physiological mechanisms controlling resistance or susceptibility to malaria, we have used genetic and genomic approaches in humans and mice. Thus, we have combined, in a first part, a positional cloning approach and a “candidate gene” approach in humans. This revealed a genetic linkage between human chromosome 6p21-p23 and mild malaria and the association of both TNF and NCR3 genes with several phenotypes related to mild malaria, such as risk of developing malaria attack or parasitemia. The potential involvement of NCR3 gene, which encodes a NK cell activating receptor, in the genetic control of malaria suggests that innate immunity and, in a larger view, early host responses to the parasite play a major role in the outcome of infection. In a second part, we have analysed, notably at the early stages of infection, the brain transcriptome in well-defined genetically cerebral malaria (CM)-resistant and CM-susceptible mice infected by Plasmodium berghei ANKA. A kinetic analysis revealed the existence of an early host response to infection that significantly discriminated between CM-susceptible and CM-resistant mice. The functional study of the genes identified allowed us to propose several physiopathological mechanisms potentially involved in the development of the neurological murine syndrome. Also, our results allowed us to propose new working hypotheses that should be tested in humans. These results emphasize the power of genetic and genomic approaches that should help in identifying/understanding both protective and pathological mechanisms involved in human malaria
Sterkers, Yvon Christian Frédéric. "Molécules de surface de l' hématie parasitée par Plasmodium falciparum et implications dans la physiopathologie des accès palustres graves." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077121.
Full textAMANI, VERONIQUE. "Apport des modeles animaux dans la comprehension de la physiopathologie du paludisme cerebral." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066008.
Full textJego, Christophe. "Paludisme et anticoagulants circulants : revue bibliographique et étude à propos de 15 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M114.
Full textGUAZZETTI, DIDIER. "Physiopathologie du neuropaludisme : roles respectifs d'une cytokine : le tnf, et d'un medicament : le thalidomide." Angers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ANGE1045.
Full textRanque, Stéphane. "Facteurs de risque du paludisme grave de l'enfant à Bamako (Mali)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20665.
Full textThis work intended to uncover risk factors, either related to the child or its household, associated with severe malaria in Bamako, a mesoendemic urban setting. Independently of age, our results validate robust prognostic indicators and evidence that cerebral malaria and severe malarial anemia have distinct risk factors and prognoses. We detected a significant familial aggregation of both cerebral malaria and severe malarial anemia. This familial aggregation is probably chiefly related to genetic factors rather than to shared environment, since household related factors, the most important of which were associated to the mothers' knowledge, attitude, and practices, had only relatively marginal effects on the risk of developing severe malaria in the study population. We conclude that focusing on very precise phenotype should be mandatory in further studies aiming to illuminate the pathophysiology or improve the treatment of lifethreatening malaria in African children
Buffet, Pierre. "Molecules de surface de l'hematie parasitee par plasmodium falciparum impliquees dans la physiopathologie du paludisme gestationnel." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077266.
Full textBerry, Antoine. "Rôle de PPAR-g dans la modulation de l'expression du récepteur CD36 à la surface des monocytes humains par l'IL-13. Implication dans la physiopathologie de paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30266.
Full textRecently, phagocytosis of PEs via CD36 receptor expressed on the surface of phagocytic cells has been proven. The first objective of the present work was to study, during malaria infection, the variations of CD36 expression and TNF-α production in human monocytes. A decrease of CD36 expression on monocytes surface, along with a lesser production of TNF-α. The second objective was to study Th2-type cytokines. IL-13, another major cytokine of TH2 response, was found able to elicit an overexpression of CD36 on human monocyte surface. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the signalization pathway for this overexpression was linked with activation of PPARγ nuclear receptor. These results suggest than, during the course of malaria infection, the production of Th2 cytokines, namely IL-4 and IL-13, that can induce an overexpression of CD36 receptor on human monocyte surface via an activation of PPARγ nuclear receptor, would increase parasite clearance but would decrease TNF-α production
Sanka, Michel. "Compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires et des facteurs génétiques impliqués dans le paludisme sévère : analyse des profils transcriptomiques et processus biologiques caractéristiques du neuropaludisme et méta-analyse sur des gènes associés à la résistance au paludisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0615/document.
Full textMalaria is one of the most devastating infectious diseases that has affected an estimated 214 million people worldwide and caused nearly 600,000 deaths in 2015. It is caused by infection with the plasmodium parasite, P. falciparum and P. vivax are the most represented. The asexual development of the parasite in the blood causes the pathophysiology of the disease which can evolve from mild malaria to severe malaria, including cerebral malaria. Our work first focused on the analysis of the microarray transcriptome of blood cells of a cohort composed in Senegal. The analysis of the results allow to identify a set of genes whose expression permit to distinguish the transcriptomic profile of cerebral malaria from those of mild malaria and other forms of severe malaria. These genes are enriched in biological pathways involved in the activation of B and T lymphocyte receptors also TLRs and Fcgamma receptors. These genes also include several candidate proteins that have already been tested for resistance to malaria, including RNASE3 and IL1RN
Pelleau, Stéphane. "Rôle de la réponse immunitaire de type allergique et de la protéine parasitaire PfTCTP dans la physiopathologie du paludisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20719.
Full textMalaria is responsible of the death of a million person each year and remains a major public health problem. Recent studies have suggested the existence of common immunopathologic mechanisms between allergic manifestations and malaria, supported by the existence of a parasite homolog of the human histamine releasing factor (PfTCTP). Our objective was to determine i) the implication of allergic response actors in the severity of malaria, and ii) the ability of PfTCTP to modulate these responses.Three groups of subjects were recruited in health structures in Dakar. Infected patients presented high levels of total and specific IgE, compared to healthy controls, although not correlated with severity. With a basophil activation test based on CD203c expression, we demonstrated that basophils from mild malaria patients presented a significantly reduced basal level of activation which paralleled higher levels of IL-10, thus suggesting a better control of their inflammatory responses. Basophils from severe malaria patients showed an hyperreactivity to haemozoin and to IgE-dependent stimulations (anti-IgE). Finally, presence of circulating PfTCTP was associated with a higher basophil reactivity, whereas acquisition of anti-PfTCTP antibodies was associated with protection towards excessive cellular reactivity.In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis of an excessive allergic activation during severe malaria. This work might open the way to new therapeutic approaches
Dalko, Esther. "Rôle modulateur de l’hème sur la réponse des lymphocytes T et des cellules gliales : impact sur la physiopathologie du paludisme grave." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10035/document.
Full textDuring the erythrocytic phase of the parasite Plasmodium, large amounts of heme are release in circulation. Due to its pro-oxidant, and immunomodulating activities, heme might be responsible for the alterations of the immune response that were reported during severe malaria. Thus, the objectives of this work were to clarify the impact of heme on the response of T lymphocytes and glial cells in rodent models of severe malarial anemia, and cerebral malaria. In addition, we have also looked at the relationship between heme levels and malaria severity in a human cohort of P. falciparum-infected patients manifesting mild and severe malaria. Heme decreased the pro-inflammatory type 1 response of CD4 T lymphocytes and microglia cells in rodent models. Despite the essential role of this response for the elimination of the parasite, BALB/c mice that were preconditioned with heme before infection had lower parasitemia compared to the untreated group. However, heme induced stronger anemia during the infection that was concomitant with alterations in erythropoiesis. In addition, heme injection during infection protected partly C57BL/6 mice from developing cerebral malaria by preventing T cell recruitment to the brain, the M1 response of microglia cells, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by brain cells. Interestingly, we show from our field study in Odisha, India, that plasma heme levels increased with the severity of malaria, and more specifically during cerebral malaria, and correlated positively with the plasma levels of four cytokines: IP-10, IL-10, TNF-alpha and MCP-1. Herein we underscore the complexity of the pathophysiology of severe malaria
Penet, Marie-France. "Caractérisation des mécanismes physiopathologiques de la malaria cérébrale expérimentale par RMN [Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire] multimodalitaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20684.
Full textOlagnier, David. "Rôle des facteurs de transcription PPARgamma et Nrf2 dans la modulation de l'expression du récepteur scavenger CD36 des macrophages : implication dans la physiopathologie du paludisme." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1308/.
Full textMalaria remains the deadliest parasitic disease in the world. The introduction of new pharmacological approaches in the fight against this pathogen is essential. Macrophages through the expression of CD36 receptor play a crucial role in the recognition and the elimination of P. Falciparum infected erythrocytes. Therefore, maintaining an elevated level of CD36 receptor on the surface of macrophages is a crucial element in the struggle against the parasite. The establishment of malaria infection is always associated with an excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators. In this work, we show in vitro that inflammatory processes negatively regulate the expression of CD36 receptor on the surface of human and mouse macrophages and hence decrease the clearance of parasitized erythrocytes. In these inflammatory conditions, we demonstrate that PPARgamma activators are ineffective to promote CD36 expression on macrophages, a phenomenon directly associated with a defect of both PPARgamma expression and activation. However, we highlight here for the first time that the activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor controls independently of PPARgamma the expression of CD36 receptor and its antiplasmodial function. All these results have been reproduced in vivo in a murine malaria model where only Nrf2 activators and not PPARgamma ligands contribute to improve the outcome of infection. Collectively, these data highlight the important role of the Nrf2 transcription factor in the control of malaria through the modulation of CD36 expression on macrophages
Dacheux, Mélanie. "Etude in vivo du rôle potentiel de la phospholipase A2 de groupe IIA humaine dans le paludisme : Caractérisation de la physiopathologie de l'infection à Plasmodium chabaudi chez la souris C57BL/6 transgénique pour l'enzyme." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0007.
Full textMalaria is a tropical disease caused by a parasite of the Plasmodium genus. High levels of circulating human group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (hGIIA) have been reported in malaria patients. The enzyme is well known for its bactericidal and pro-inflammatory actions. However, so far its role in malaria is unknown. In order to address the in vivo role of hGIIA in malaria, we performed a hematological, histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of C57BL/6 hGIIA transgenic mice (Tg+ mice) infected with P. chabaudi chabaudi (864VD strain), a murine Plasmodium species and strain which causes non-lethal chronic malaria. Infected Tg+ mice present a 27% reduction of parasitaemia at the peak of infection (D14 post-inoculation, p.i.) compared to infected non-transgenic littermates (Tg- mice). Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant hGIIA at D12, D13 and D14 p.i. (0.125 mg/kg twice a day) into P. chabaudi 864VD-infected WT C57BL/6 mice leads to a 19% reduction of the parasitaemia at D14 p.i., demonstrating the direct and acute role of hGIIA in lowering parasite population and presumably ruling out a potential effect linked to chronic overexpression of hGIIA in Tg+ mice. Hematological data show a durable anemia in Tg+ mice compared to Tg- mice during the infection and an important increase of leucocytes, especially of polynuclear neutrophils. The parasitized Tg+ mouse also presents a higher activation of lymphocytes and a specific activation of monocyte cells at the pic of crisis. In the infected Tg- mouse, histological data show a better histopathological recovery in the liver and B cells hyperplasia in the spleen, whereas the infected Tg+ mouse presents late hepatic injuries and splenic extra-medullar hematopoiesis. RT-qPCR analyses suggest that hGIIA mRNA increases at the pic of infection in the liver of infected Tg+ mice, but decreases in spleen and blood. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant hGIIA at the patent phase is without effect on parasitaemia, which suggests that later infection events are needed for the enzyme antiparasitic activity. Involvement of oxidized-lipoproteins as potential hGIIA substrates, based on in vitro studies, is discussed. In conclusion, our studies allowed us to elaborate a larger picture of the infection of Plasmodium in the mice expressing hGIIA and open new perspectives in the analysis of the role of the enzyme in malaria pathophysiology
Diou, Juliette. "Influence des pigments malariques sur l'infection et la dissémination du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26069/26069.pdf.
Full textAtchadé, Sossa Pascal. "Utilisation de biomarqueurs de plasmodium dans le cadre de la prévention du paludisme transfusionnel au Sud-Bénin." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ127/document.
Full textMalaria is a disease due a protozoan. lt is transmitted to humans by the bite of a mosquito form Anopheles group. Blood transfusion is the third potential way of malaria transmission. Incidence of Malaria has increased the proportion of blood donors suspected to be contaminated by Plasmodium sp. The goal of that study is to determine the immunoreactivity of some biomarkers that could be used for the prevention of the blood transfusion transmitted malaria. For that purpose we used thick and thin blood film microscopical determination and an Enzyme Linked lmmunoSorbent Assay technology detecting malaria antigen (pan-pLDH) and malaria antibodies. These methods were used for the screening of 2515 blood donors during ten following months insouthern-Benin, sample were separated in the 4 following seasons observed in Western Africa