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Journal articles on the topic 'Palynofacies'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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1

Cyrille, Yao Kouadio, Kouassi Kouamé Alfred, Bie Goha René, Digbehi Zéli Bruno, and Gbangbot Jean Michel Kouadio. "Caractérisation Palynologique et Palynofaciologique de la Marge Est (Marge d’Abidjan) du Bassin Sédimentaire de Côte d’Ivoire." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 33 (2022): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n33p144.

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Des dépôts offshores localisés à l’Est de la marge d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) ont fait l’objet d’analyse palynologique et palynofaciologique. Elle a porté sur des déblais de forage à partir desquels trente-deux (32) paires de lames minces palynologiques ont été confectionnées. L’objectif était de mettre en évidence les étages du Tertiaire et la limite K-Pg par les palynomorphes stratigraphiques et de déterminer les environnements de dépôt à travers le palynofaciès. Cinq étages ont ainsi été mis en évidence. Ce sont le Maastrichtien supérieur, le Paléocène inferieur, le Paléocène supérieur, l’Eocène inférieur et l’Eocène moyen sur la base des palynomorphes tels que Cerodinium granulostriatum, Andalusiella mauthei, Andalusiella rhomboïdes, Andalusiella polymorpha, Andalusiella gabonensis, Retitricolporites irregularis, Psilatricolporites sp., Laevigatosporites ovatus, Retistephanocolpites williamsii, Apectodinium homomorphum, Adnatosphaeridium multispinosum etc. Trois (3) types de palynofaciès dont le palynofaciès 1 à phytoclastes dominants dans laquelle les spores et les grains de pollen dominent évoquant un environnement littoral au Maastrichtien et au Paléocène, un palynofaciès 2 à phytoclastes et matière organique amorphe dominant à l’Eocène déposé dans un milieu marin marginal et un palynofaciès 3 à matière organique amorphe dominant au paléocène supérieur et à l’Eocène indiquant un milieu de plateau continental interne à externe.
 
 Offshore deposits located to the East of the Abidjan margin (Côte d’Ivoire) have been the subject of palynological and palynofaciological analysis. It focused on drill cuttings from which thirty-two (32) pairs of palynological thin sections were made. The objective was to highlight the Tertiary stages and the K-Pg boundary by stratigraphic palynomorphs and to determine the deposition environments by palynofacies. Five stages were thus highlighted. These are the Upper Maastrichtian, the Lower Paleocene, the Upper Paleocene, the Lower Eocene, and the Middle Eocene based on palynomorphs such as Cerodinium granulostriatum, Andalusiella mauthei, Andalusiella rhomboïdes, Andalusiella polymorpha, Andalusiella gabonensis, Retitricolporites irregularis, Psilatricolporites sp.,Laevigatosporites ovatus, Retistephanocolpites williamsii, Apectodinium homomorphum, Adnatosphaeridium multispinosum etc. Three (3) types of palynofacies including palynofacies 1 with dominant phytoclasts in which spores and pollen grains dominate, evoking a coastal environment in the Maastrichtian and Paleocene, a palynofacies 2 with phytoclasts and amorphous organic matter dominant in the Eocene deposited in a marginal marine environment and an amorphous organic dominant palynofacies 3 in the Upper Paleocene and Eocene indicating an inner to outer continental shelf environment.
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2

Mamaseni, Wrya J., Srood F. Naqshabandi, and Falah Kh Al-Jaboury. "PALYNOFACIES AND PALEOENVIRONMENT OF LATE JURASSIC-EARLY CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS AT DUHOK BASIN, NORTHERN IRAQ." Iraqi Geological Journal 52, no. 1 (2019): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.52.1.5ms-2019-06-27.

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This study was covered palynofacies and paleodepositional environment of the Chai Gara, Garagu, Sarmord and Qamchuqa formations along Atrush, Shaikhan and Sarsang oilfields in Duhok Region northern Iraq. Six main types of palynofacies were recognized within the studied formations. The palynofacies one (PF.1) and two (PF.2) are appeared in Chia Gara Formation, these two types of palynofacies are characterized by dominant amorphous organic matters (AOM), especially in PF.2 which reaches to 90%, moderate palynomorphs content ranges between 5 – 59%, whereas the phytoclasts are relatively low percentages (1 – 5%). The identified palynofacies indicate that the paleodepositional environment of the Chia Gara Formation is distal suboxic-anoxic basin (IX) to dysoxic-anoxic shelf (VII). Garagu Formation is represented by palynofacies three (PF.3) and palynofacies four (PF.4), the former one is characterized by the abundant of palynomorph, ranges between 41 – 85% (comprised mainly of pollen, spores, foraminifera test lining and few dinoflagellates), while the latter one is rich by amorphous organic matter which is between 55 – 63%, in both palynofacies the percentage of phytoclast is low to moderate ranges change from 7 – 19, and 3-35% respectively. Paleodepotional environment of the Garagu Formation is oxic shelf (V, VIII). The Sarmord Formation is represented by palynofacies five (PF.5), this palynofacies is characterized by high percentage of phytoclasts which reaches to 74%, with moderate palynomorphs and amorphous organic matter ranges between 11 – 31%, 12 – 38% respectively. Shelf to basin transition (IV) is the claimed environment for the Sarmord Formation. Qamchuqa Formation is represented by palynofacies six (PF.6), this facies is also high percentage of phytoclasts content but more than PF.5, which the range is 48 – 85% with a moderate percentage of palynomorphs (12 – 43%) and a low percentage of amorphous organic matter (3 – 15%). The Qamchuqa Formation was deposited under proximal oxic shelf (III) condition.
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3

Chiaghanam, Osita Igwebuike, Okechukwu Nicodemus Ikegwuonu, Chikodi Jennifer Ekwegbalu, Emmanuel Ude Aniwetalu, and Kingsley Chukwuebuka Chiadikobi. "Optical (visual) Kerogen assessment of Enugu Shale, Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria: Implications for source rock potential and thermal maturation." Global Journal of Geological Sciences 19, no. 1 (2021): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjgs.v19i1.10.

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Palynological analysis was carried out on Ten (10) samples from outcrops of the Campanian Enugu Formation, a component lithostratigraphic unit of the Anambra Basin, using the acid maceration techniques for recovering acidinsoluble organic-walled microfossils. Two main lithological units were encountered, which include: carbonaceous shale and siltstone. Result from kerogen laboratory examination reveals two (2) main groups of palynofacies association namely; palynofacies (A and B), based on the change in particulate organic matter constituents of organic residue extract. Palynofacies A is characterized by abundant opaques debris with common terrestrial phytoclasts, which occupy the southwestern and northwestern parts of the studied area, whereas palynofacies B dominates in the northeastern part, characterised by abundant phytoclasts followed by frequent opaques debris. Kerogen type III with gas-prone material is suggested for both palynofacies. The examined exine of spore/ pollen grain are pale yellow – yellow, with Thermal Alteration Index TAI of 1+ to 2- and Vitrinite Reflectane (R o) (0.3 % - 0.4 %) in palynofacies A, and yellow – yellow brown, with Thermal Alteration Index TAI of 2- to 2, and Vitrinite Reflectane (R o) of 0.3% - 0.5% in palynofacies B. These revealed source rock that is thermally immature to slightly mature but has potential to generate mainly gas. The kerogen data generated using transmitted light microscopy correlated well with geochemical data obtained using rock-eval pyrolysis method, and this shows the method a reliable tool for assessing petroleum potential in any given sedimentary basins.
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4

Aswad, M. K., S. F. Naqshabandi, and M. F. Omer. "Palynofacies analysis and depositional environment of the upper Triassic Kurra Chine Formation: integrated by samples from sarta and Tawke oil fields and outcrop samples from sirwan valley in the kurdistan region, northern Iraq." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1300, no. 1 (2024): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1300/1/012033.

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Abstract Palynofacies (PF) analysis was conducted on 34 crushed samples of the Upper Triassic Kurra Chine Formation. These samples were collected from one outcrop sample and two production wells in northern Iraq. A 10μm nylon mesh sieve was used for the concentration of palynomorphs. Four palynofacies types were found in this study. PF1 was characterized primarily by amorphous organic matter (AOM), suggesting a distal suboxic-anoxic depositional environment. PF2 comprised of AOM, along with some Phytoclasts and palynomorphs, indicating a distal dysoxic-oxic shelf depositional environment. PF3 displayed an increasing volume of palynomorphs, signifying a distal dysoxic-anoxic shelf depositional environment. PF4 predominantly consisted of palynomorphs and Phytoclasts, representing a mud-dominated oxic shelf (distal shelf) depositional environment. Kerogen types were identified as type II, which is oil-prone in three palynofacies, and type III which is gas-prone in one palynofacies.
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5

Pineda, Juan A., Marcos Comerio, Eduardo G. Ottone, Joaquín Salduondo, Gastón Otegui, and Georgina Erra. "PALYNOFACIES AND ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF LACUSTRINE SOURCE ROCKS: THE POTRERILLOS – CACHEUTA SOURCE ROCK SYSTEM IN THE TRIASSIC CUYO BASIN, WEST‐CENTRAL ARGENTINA." Journal of Petroleum Geology 47, no. 1 (2023): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpg.12851.

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This study presents an integrated investigation of the Upper Triassic Potrerillos – Cacheuta lacustrine source rock in the Cuyo Basin of western Argentina. Data came from palynofacies analyses, organic petrography, Rock‐Eval pyrolysis and mineralogical studies based on X‐ray diffraction analyses. An 80 m thick outcrop section was studied and is interpreted to represent the transition from shallow‐lacustrine sediments influenced by fluvial discharges (uppermost Potrerillos Formation) to the deposits of a deep, permanent lake (Cacheuta Formation). Three palynofacies were defined. Palynofacies I is characterized by shallowing‐upward cycles with abundant woody material, and was deposited under an oxic, disturbed water column. Palynofacies II and III occur in laminated shales rich in amorphous organic matter (AOM) and freshwater algal material (Botryococcus) respectively, which were deposited under oxygen‐depleted conditions. In general, the detrital material present suggests an input derived from fluvial discharges; however, interbedded tuffs altered to analcime and smectite suggest the transformation of vitric material in pyroclastic ash under saline to alkaline water conditions. Kerogen Types II/III and III with high total organic carbon values indicate a moderate oil‐ and gas‐prone source rock whose thermal maturity varies from immature to the early oil window (Tmax: 430‐438 °C; vitrinite reflectance: 0.59‐0.67 % VRo; and thermal alteration index: 2‐2+).This study demonstrates the importance of palynofacies analyses for the interpretation of depositional changes and associated controls in lacustrine shale successions. When integrated with data from organic geochemistry, palynofacies analysis is an important tool in the evaluation of a source rock's thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generation potential.
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6

Shushan, Ismail Elforjani. "Palynofacies Analysis of Selected Organic-rich Shales from Libyan Sahara: Implication to Palaeoenvironment and Hydrocarbon Source Rock Potential." مجلة علوم البحار والتقنيات البيئية 7, no. 2 (2021): 54–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.59743/jmset.v7i2.19.

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Palynofacies analysis was carried out on three (3) packages of shale-cutting samples derived from a well drilled within Gadames Basin. These included: the upper package (Carboniferous at 5,530 ft), the middle package (Carboniferous/Devonian at 5,600 ft and 5,780 ft), and the lower package (Devonian at 6,700 ft). Two palynofacies were identified: "P-1", involving the upper and middle packages (Carboniferous/Devonian), and "P-2", involving the lower package (Devonian). P-1 and P-2 were considered to form one "palynofacies association" located at a mud-dominated oxic shelf (distal shelf) and are analogous to other palynofacies from other countries that are characterized by the dominance of terrestrial upon marine palynomorphs and moderate to low phytoclasts and AOM respectively that typically deposited within a shoreline zone (probably fluvial-deltaic source or marginal marine environment). Spore color index "SCI" evaluation for source rock and thermal maturation, in turn, indicates early mature oil/gas prone (kerogen type II>III) to post mature kerogen type III>IV "gas prone" for the studied cutting sample packages.
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7

Pavlishina, Polina. "Palynofacies analysis – principles and application for paleoenvironmental studies: implications from Bulgaria." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 82, no. 2 (2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2020.82.2.3.

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The use of palynofacies analysis has been steadily increasing during the last decades. This stems from both commercial interests (i.e., hydrocarbon exploration) and academic research of past environments and studies of the global climate changes that took place during the Phanerozoic. In both commercial and academic contexts, there is a need for a better understanding of palaeoenvironmental changes in order to correctly date and interpret the depositional facies recorded in boreholes and outcrops. The present paper introduces this important analysis in the Bulgarian literature with characteristic examples of different palynofacies types documented by the author in Cretaceous sections in Bulgaria and their interpretation. These examples highlight the value of using palynofacies and palynomorph associations in an integrated approach for paleoenvironmental reconstructions in Bulgaria.
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8

Pavlishina, Polina. "Palynofacies analysis – principles and application for paleoenvironmental studies: implications from Bulgaria." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 82, no. 2 (2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2021.82.2.3.

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The use of palynofacies analysis has been steadily increasing during the last decades. This stems from both commercial interests (i.e., hydrocarbon exploration) and academic research of past environments and studies of the global climate changes that took place during the Phanerozoic. In both commercial and academic contexts, there is a need for a better understanding of palaeoenvironmental changes in order to correctly date and interpret the depositional facies recorded in boreholes and outcrops. The present paper introduces this important analysis in the Bulgarian literature with characteristic examples of different palynofacies types documented by the author in Cretaceous sections in Bulgaria and their interpretation. These examples highlight the value of using palynofacies and palynomorph associations in an integrated approach for paleoenvironmental reconstructions in Bulgaria.
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9

Atta-Peters, D., C. I. Agama, D. K. Asiedu, and E. Apesegah. "Palynology, Palynofacies and Palaeoenvironments of Sedimentary Organic Matter from Bonyere - 1 Well, Tano Basin, Western Ghana." International Letters of Natural Sciences 5 (November 2013): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.5.27.

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Palynofacies analyses from Bonyere Well No. 1 in the Tano basin, western Ghana has revealed five palynofacies associations (I – V) based on the percentage relative abundances of the sedimentary organic matter (SOM). The palynofacies associations reflect deposition in a fluvio-deltaic (oxic) environment, a distal dysoxic-anoxic shelf environment, a proximal dysoxic-suboxic environment, nearshore (oxic) and a fluvio-deltaic/nearshore environment with high oxygen levels and low preservation rates respectively. Based on marker palynomorphs, Campanian – Maastrichtian age has been assigned to sediments within the interval (1800-10 ft) – (90-100 ft), Turonian – Lower Senonian (Santonian) age between (3160-70 ft) – (1980-90 ft) and Aptian age between the interval (8140-50 ft) – (3340-50 ft). The absence of the elater-bearing pollen which are typical Africa-South America (ASA) elements for the Albian – Cenomanian age is indicative of an unconformity between the Aptian and Turonian sediments.
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10

Atta-Peters, D., C. I. Agama, D. K. Asiedu, and E. Apesegah. "Palynology, Palynofacies and Palaeoenvironments of Sedimentary Organic Matter from Bonyere - 1 Well, Tano Basin, Western Ghana." International Letters of Natural Sciences 5 (November 16, 2013): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-i2vlvk.

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Palynofacies analyses from Bonyere Well No. 1 in the Tano basin, western Ghana has revealed five palynofacies associations (I – V) based on the percentage relative abundances of the sedimentary organic matter (SOM). The palynofacies associations reflect deposition in a fluvio-deltaic (oxic) environment, a distal dysoxic-anoxic shelf environment, a proximal dysoxic-suboxic environment, nearshore (oxic) and a fluvio-deltaic/nearshore environment with high oxygen levels and low preservation rates respectively. Based on marker palynomorphs, Campanian – Maastrichtian age has been assigned to sediments within the interval (1800-10 ft) – (90-100 ft), Turonian – Lower Senonian (Santonian) age between (3160-70 ft) – (1980-90 ft) and Aptian age between the interval (8140-50 ft) – (3340-50 ft). The absence of the elater-bearing pollen which are typical Africa-South America (ASA) elements for the Albian – Cenomanian age is indicative of an unconformity between the Aptian and Turonian sediments.
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11

Fadiya, S. L., S. O. Ogunleye, A. B. Oyelami, and F. R. Aroyewun. "Palynostratigraphic and palynofacies analysis of x and y wells, offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria." Ife Journal of Science 22, no. 3 (2021): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v22i3.2.

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A detailed palynostratigraphic and palynofacies study was carried out on two shallow offshore wells, codenamed Well X and Well Y, from the Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria. The study is aimed at establishing the age and palaeoenvironment of the sedimentary sequences penetrated by the wells. Standard palynological/palynofacies laboratory procedures were used to free the palynomorphs and palynomacerals from the embedding matrices.Prepared palynological slides were studied using the Leitz Ortholux II transmitted light microscope. The palynofloral assemblages recorded from the two well sequences include well-preserved palynomorphs such as Zonocostites ramonae, Monoporites annulatus, Retitricolporites irregularis, Cyperaceaepollis sp., Echitricolporites spinosus and Nymphaeapollis clarus among others. The recognition of diagnostic pollen of Cyperaceaepollis sp. and Nymphaeapollis clarus as well as the associated palynomorph assemblage aided the delineation of the well sequences into the P830, P840-P850 and P860 subzones of the P800 palynological zone in the late Miocene. The relative abundance of particulate organic matter (Amorphous Organic Matter (AOM), Phytoclasts and Palynomorphs) revealed the delineation of three palynofacies assemblages, PF-A, PF-B and PF-C, suggesting three distinct paleoenvironments of deposition. These paleoenvironments range from distal shelf through marginal to proximal with varying conditions from oxic, suboxic to anoxic, thus suggesting marginal marine to coastal deltaic environments of deposition for the sedimentary sequences penetrated by the two wells.
 Keywords: Late Miocene, Niger Delta, Paleoenvironment, Palynostratigraphy, Palynofacies.
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12

Courtinat, Bernard, and Fabrice Malartre. "Palynofacies variations in a carbonate ramp system environment (Upper Muschelkalk, NE France)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 174, no. 6 (2003): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/174.6.595.

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Abstract This study analyses variations in the size of black woody phytoclast and palynofacies types of shallow subtidal environments evolving to deeper subtidal environments, of latest Illyrdian-latest Fassanian age (Upper Muschelkalk). Some of the results display some discrepancies between elevated particle sizes that were supposedly deposited in a relative proximal source and the rich veryhachid palynofacies that are thought to represent distal marine environments. A case study of the succession in the Héming quarry, located in the Alsace-Lorraine trough (southwestern part of the intracratonic Germanic basin) reveals that : (1) the palynological assemblages are dominated by acritarchs belonging to micrhystridids, disaccate pollen and woody phytoclasts; (2) the abundance of phytoclasts, sporomorphs and marine groups is not correlated with lithologies; (3) the length of the processes of micrhystridids is not a useful parameter in defining palynofacies types. In carbonate ramp environments, many factors could have confused the palynological signals such as high-energy events and the water level on which the nutrient supply depended pro parte. All these factors seem to have been governed by climatic or tectono-eustatic events.
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13

Scibiorski, Joe, Daniel Peyrot, Simon Lang, Tobias H. D. Payenberg, and Adam Charles. "Depositional settings and palynofacies assemblages of the Upper Triassic fluvio-deltaic Mungaroo Formation, northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 4 (2020): 403–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.21.

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ABSTRACT Palynofacies analysis was carried out on 92 core samples from the fluvio-deltaic Middle to Upper Triassic Mungaroo Formation, Northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. The analyses demonstrate that each depositional environment (“depofacies”) sampled has a characteristic palynofacies assemblage reflecting the varied origins, transport, sorting, and preservation histories of organic particles in sediments. The sampling covered a wide range of depofacies identified in fluvial channel, floodplain, crevasse splay, distributary channel, and tidal zone paleoenvironments and included laminated to massive mudstones and siltstones, cross-bedded sandstones, immature pedogenically altered paleosols, and coals. Although each depofacies has a characteristic palynofacies association, there is a high degree of variability within and overlap between preparations. Black-opaque particles were the dominant component in active fluvial, crevasse, and distributary channels. In contrast, palynomorphs, brown wood particles, and cuticle were more common in abandoned channels, floodplain lakes, and other lower-energy environments. The composition of palynomorphs also varies greatly between depofacies due to factors including the bioproductivity of the surrounding vegetation source area, water-table levels, preservation potential, and the fluid dynamic properties of organic particles. The depofacies were grouped into five “process regimes” (active channels, abandoned channels, lakes and periodically flooded areas, paleosols and swamps, tidal mudflats) based on their dominant depositional process. Depofacies in the same process regime tended to have similar palynofacies associations. Active channels yielded similar assemblages irrespective of whether they were fluvial, crevasse, or distributary channels because their dominant characteristic is high flow energy, which encourages the bypass of finer-grained particles, enhances the mechanical degradation of plant debris, and may inhibit local vegetation growth. Organic particles found in lower-energy environments (e.g., floodplain lakes) are on average larger, more elongate, and better preserved than particles found in high-energy environments (e.g., active channels). Although this study was restricted to samples from the upper Samaropollenites speciosus and lower Minutosaccus crenulatus biostratigraphic zones in a geographically limited area, its results are not influenced by the specific taxonomic composition of the vegetation but by the physiographic structure of surrounding plant communities; this suggests that palynofacies analysis could be used to distinguish depositional environments in deltaic settings from other stratigraphic intervals.
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Aggarwal, Neha. "Sedimentary organic matter as a proficient tool for the palaeoenvironmental and palaeodepositional settings on Gondwana coal deposits." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 12, no. 2 (2021): 257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01331-x.

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AbstractPalynofacies is based on the different types of the dispersed/sedimentary organic matter (DOM/SOM) and has been used as a proficient proxy for the palaeoclimatic reconstructions in sedimentary deposits of various time spans. It has also been acknowledged as an effective tool in the different domains like sequence biostratigraphy, palyno-biostratigraphy, palaeodepositional history, identification for depositional processes, oxic–anoxic environment, and variations in the water depth. It has been emerged as an analytical tool in palaeoclimatic reconstruction, which could complement geophysical and geochemical datasets. Since long palynofacies analysis has been exclusively applied in the marine sediments, it has recently dragged the attention of many researchers as a significant parameter for palaeoclimatic interpretation in continental deposits. In the last few decades, more consideration was focused on palynofacies that have become an essential proxy in the biostratigraphic and other non-biostratigraphic fields due to its requirement in the petroleum industries. The present study provides a basic idea of dispersed organic matter characterization, methodology, interpretations, and its application with special emphasis on the Gondwana deposits. The study also includes the summary of the worldwide distribution of the Gondwana sediments, especially for palaeodepositional settings through palynofacies along with other parameters.
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15

Olatunji, Olubusayo A., and Oladotun A. Oluwajana. "Palynofacies Analyses of HA-001 well, Offshore Depobelt, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria." Environmental and Earth Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 4 (2022): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/eesrj.090404.

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Palynofacies studies of the strata penetrated by HA-001 well were carried out with the aim to establish palynostratigraphic zones and paleodepositional environments. The standard acid palynological method of sample administration was employed to recover the palynofacies, soaking and washing of samples with water for sedimentological analyses and integration of Gamma Ray Log, palynofacies and sedimentological data for interpretation of paleodepositional environments. The study established two new assemblage biozones namely Cyperaceaepollis sp. – Nympheaepollis clarus, and Stereisporites sp. within the sedimentary intervals penetrated in the wells. The Cyperaceaepollis sp. – Nympheaepollis clarus biozones were further subdivided into Nympheaepollis clarus – Echitriletes pliocenicus and Cyperaceaepollis sp. – Elaeis guineensis subzones. The Late Miocene age is associated with the biozones. The lithologic, textural and wireline log data indicated that the intervals studied in the HA-001 well belong to the Benin Formation and Agbada Formation. Index minerals and accessories are dominated by ferruginous materials, glauconite pellets, carbonaceous detritus, shell fragments and pyrites plus minor mica flakes. Lower delta plain, delta front and prodelta environment of deposition were inferred for the studied well intervals. The research has conformed to international stratigraphic guide for establishment of biozones which serves to increase the knowledge of high resolution biostratigraphy.
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16

HOFMANN, CHRISTA-CHARLOTTE, and REINHARD ZETTER. "Reconstruction of Different Wetland Plant Habitats of the Pannonian Basin System (Neogene, Eastern Austria)." PALAIOS 20, no. 3 (2005): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2002.p02-22.

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Abstract Sedimentary and palynofacies analysis, total organic carbon content (TOC), and palynology from a densely sampled, small, lignite-bearing succession of Late Miocene age at Badersdorf, SE Austria, were compared with modern wetland ecologies. From this, six hydrologically controlled palynofacies types and six associated paleo-plant habitats in an ancient wetland system were differentiated. The associated woody and herbaceous hinterland flora also were distinguished. At least four horizons with relatively high fusinite content have been preserved, indicating occurrence of paleo-wildfires in either the wetland or the hinterland. The palynofacies types were used to determine the taphonomic bias of the associated palynomorph assemblages, which, together with a comparison with modern wetland vegetation, led to differentiation of the paleo-plant habitats. The paleo-wetland was dominated mainly by Glyptostrobus-containing vegetation, and comprised clastic swamp forests with woody angiosperms, natural levee forests, fern- and Glyptostrobus-dominated organic swamps, freshwater marshes, and wet prairies. The occurrence of more than 40 herbaceous taxa at this locality indicates that the lowland vegetation was not composed of only different closed-forest types, but also of areas with herbaceous vegetation. The more zonal vegetation of the adjacent hinterland has been interpreted as a mix of Pinaceae and woody angiosperms with patches of more herbaceous xeric layers.
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17

MacRitchie, Colin, and Mohamed K. Zobaa. "Multiproxy sedimentary organic matter analysis of the upper Wolfcamp Formation in the Collier-1201 well, southeastern Delaware Basin, Texas." Interpretation 7, no. 4 (2019): SK45—SK52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2019-0043.1.

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Horizontal drilling and multistage fracturing designs have recently made the Wolfcamp shale horizons a highly sought-after and low-cost oil opportunity at a time of market volatility. One current challenge is that the Wolfcamp shale horizons are unpredictable, especially in acreages with limited well control and seismic data. Sedimentary organic matter (palynofacies) analysis can delineate thermal maturity windows, determine kerogen types, and reflect depositional environments to aid in realizing hydrocarbon potential. We palynologically processed 16 samples at roughly 3 m intervals from the upper Wolfcamp section of the Collier-1201 well in Reeves County, Texas. We examined the prepared microscope slides in transmitted light to quantify (point count) and describe the organic facies in each sample. Additionally, we integrated organic geochemical data to corroborate palynofacies analysis. We classified most of the observed organic matter particles as highly degraded phytoclasts with unidentifiable terrestrial palynomorphs. The palynofacies and organic geochemical data indicate a mixed type-II/III kerogen (oil- and gas-prone materials) characterized by substantial terrigenous input. All samples displayed a high degree of thermal maturity from immense overburden as the Delaware Basin subsided and the overlying beds compacted. The lithologic and organic facies of the studied interval reflect fluctuating proximal marine conditions.
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Aturamu, Adeyinka Oluyemi. "Palynological Investigation of TTtex-1 Well, coastal marsh depobelt of Eastern Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria." British Journal of Earth Sciences Research 11, no. 4 (2023): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n47793.

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Palynofacies analyses of the strata penetrated by TTtex-1 Well were carried out with the aim of investigating the stratigraphic sequence penetrated by the Well to establish palynostratigraphic zones, the relative age and the paleoenvironment of deposition. Sixty-two ditch cutting samples within the interval of 2179 – 3523 m were analyzed. The use of acid in the sample preparation for palynofacies analyses were used. The result of the analyses produced relatively low to abundant occurrences of pollen and spores shows abundance of small, medium, and large sizes of palynomacerals I and II, few occurrences of palynomacerals III and IV. The lithology consists of intercalations of shale and sandstone units with few intercalations of argillaceous sandstone units, this designates the studied interval to be Agbada Formation. The interval studied were dated to be middle Miocene to late Miocene based on the recovered age indicative marker species such as Multiareolites formosus, Zonocostatites ramonae, Crassoretitriletes vanraadshoveni Verrutricolporites rotundiporus, and Racemonocolpites hians. A taxon range zone: Ainipollinite verus zone and Two interval range palynostratigraphic zones: Multiareolites formosus – Zonocostatites ramonae, Verrutricolporites rotundiporus - Crassoretitriletes vanraadshoveni were proposed. The stratigraphic interval studied was deposited in the Coastal-marsh (marginal marine) environments based on paleoenvironmental interpretation of the palynofacies associations and the lithology.
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Martín-Closas, Carles, Albert Permanyer, and Maria-Jesús Vila. "Palynofacies distribution in a lacustrine basin." Geobios 38, no. 2 (2005): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2003.09.007.

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Azmi, Azyan Syahira, Mohd Suhaili Ismail, and Jasmi Ab Talib. "Termus shale of central Pahang, Malaysia: kerogen typing by palynofacies analysis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1003, no. 1 (2022): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1003/1/012043.

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Abstract Palynofacies study has been done on selected samples fom the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous Termus Shale from Kuala Tahan, Jerantut-Jengka and Maran in Central Pahang to study its kerogen properties. Palynofacies study reveals distinct organic matter composition of different biological affinities from the samples where the organic matter composition were sorted into maceral groups and then by its distribution, to standard kerogen types. Three types of kerogens were interpreted: kerogen Type I, kerogen Type III and kerogen Type IV. Kerogen Type I and Type IV is interpreted in Kuala Tahan, Type III in Jerantut and kerogen Type III and Type IV are interpreted in the Maran area. The overall kerogen types correspond to different hydrocarbon potential ranging from high-low oil and gas potential.
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Bang, Emil, Hans A. Nakrem, Crispin T. S. Little, Wolfram Kürschner, Simon R. A. Kelly, and Morten Smelror. "Palynology of Early Cretaceous (Barremian to Aptian) hydrocarbon (methane) seep carbonates and associated mudstones, Wollaston Forland, Northeast Greenland." Acta Palaeobotanica 62, no. 1 (2022): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35535/acpa-2022-0002.

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Palynostratigraphic and palynofacies analysis have been performed on hydrocarbon seep carbonate, carbonate nodule and mudstone samples from the Early Cretaceous Kuhnpasset Beds in the Kuhnpasset area of Wollaston Forland, Northeast Greenland. Three informal palynostratigraphic zones have been defined based on dinoflagellate cyst occurrences. The zones range from ?early Barremian to early Aptian in age, and correlate with previously defined dinoflagellate cyst zones in Northeast Greenland. These zones indicate hydrocarbon seepage in Kuhnpasset spanned the ?early–late Barremian age range, but did not continue into the Aptian, and thus seep activity continued for as much as three million years. Palynofacies analysis is used to interpret the depositional environment of the Kuhnpasset Beds and indicate that the hydrocarbon seeps and associated mudstones from this sedimentary sequence were deposited in a proximal shelf setting.
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22

Batten, D. J. "Coccolith moulds in sedimentary organic matter and their use in palynofacies analysis." Journal of Micropalaeontology 4, no. 2 (1985): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.4.2.111.

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Abstract. Imprints of coccoliths can be expected on palynomorphs and phytoclasts in Rhaetian and younger palynofacies. They resemble the hollows left by spheroidal pyrite but may commonly be distinguished on the basis of shape and by occasional marks which reflect the arrangement of the calcite laths of which they were composed. Monospecific blooms are suggested when they are abundant and their size and form is more or less constant. Those which are larger than average and bear arcuate grooves subparallel to their margins may indicate the former presence of coccospheres. The occurrence of coccolith moulds in pre-Quaternary palynofacies both indicates marine influence on the environment of deposition and provides evidence for the affinity of amorphous organic matter in problematical preparations which are swamped with this material and contain few palynomorphs.
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23

Fatah, Sardar, Razawa Sarraj, Basim Al-Qayim, et al. "Sedimentology, Palynofacies, and Hydrocarbon Potential of the Early Cretaceous Sarmord Formation from Khabbaz and Kirkuk Oil Fields, Northern Iraq." Iraqi Geological Journal 56, no. 1C (2023): 110–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.56.1c.8ms-2023-3-19.

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The Early Cretaceous Sarmord Formation of northern Iraq has been studied from two subsurface sections, Kirkuk Oil Field (well K-229) and Khabbaz Oil Field (well KH-14), through petrographic, palynolofacies and organic geochemical analyses. The study reveals presence of two groups of microfacies settings. The first is the inner ramp, and the second represents the middle to outer ramp setting. The palynofacies study indicates that the amorphous organic matter is the predominant components (87-96%), followed by phytoclasts (3-11%) and palynomorphs (0-3 %). One main palynofacies type has been identified, which includes three secondary palynofacies types (PF1 A, PF1B, and PF1C) and refers to suboxic to anoxic basin condition. Thermal alteration index measured for the KH-14 well, indicated an immature to mature (TAI= 2, +2, 3) level, while, for the K-229 well mostly immature (TAI= -2, 2). The Rock-Eval analysis indicates that the TOC wt.% content of the samples range between 0.11% and 0.82% (average 0.29%) and 0.17% and 0.56% (average 0.35%) for K-229 well and KH-14 well, respectively. The Tmax values show that the most of analyzed samples of the both sections located in the immature zone, while the few samples from K-229 refer to mature zone. Another immature stage evidence is the shape of pyrograms with minor S1 and the large S2 peak, Tmax value less than 435°C, and PI around 1.0; all these criteria support the immature stage for these rock samples.
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Beiranvand, Bijan, Ebrahim Ghasemi-Nejad, Mohammad Reza Kamali, and Akram Ahmadi. "Sequence stratigraphy of the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene Gurpi Formation in southwest Iran." GeoArabia 19, no. 2 (2014): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia190289.

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ABSTRACT Facies associations, microplanktonic diversity, palynofacies variations, geochemical data, and natural gamma-ray logs were analyzed from the Danial and Gurpi sections of the Campanian–Selandian Gurpi Formation in the Zagros Mountains, southwest Iran. The biostratigraphic data indicate that deposition across the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary was continuous in the Danial Section. In contrast, a minor stratigraphic break seems to be present in the Gurpi Section, where several planktonic foraminiferal subzones are not identified. Nine depositional sequences were interpreted and correlated between the two sections. They are apparently of great lateral extent because they closely correlate to the global sea-level cycles. The Maastrichtian maximum flooding surface MFS K180 (68 Ma) of the Arabian Plate was also identified. Detailed palynofacies analysis, integrated with standard tropical/subtropical planktonic foraminifera, indicate warm Neo-Tethyan upper-bathyal to middle-shelf depositional environments for the Gurpi Formation.
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ISAMEL, J., and H. ORHAN. "PALYNOFACIES ANALYSIS OF NAOKELEKAN FORMATION, NORTHERN IRAQ." Oil Shale 36, no. 2 (2019): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/oil.2019.2.05.

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26

Batten, David J. "Sedimentary organic matter. Organic facies and palynofacies." Marine and Petroleum Geology 13, no. 5 (1996): 595–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(96)88335-8.

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27

Charles, J. J., L. I. Kuncheva, B. Wells, and I. S. Lim. "Object segmentation within microscope images of palynofacies." Computers & Geosciences 34, no. 6 (2008): 688–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.09.014.

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28

Largeau, C., and J. W. De Leeuw. "Sedimentary organic matter: Organic facies and palynofacies." Organic Geochemistry 23, no. 10 (1995): 995–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(95)90073-x.

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29

Olatunji, Olubusayo Akinyele. "PALYNOFACIES AND SEDIMENTOLOGY OF HB-001 WELL." Malaysian Journal of Geosciences 7, no. 2 (2023): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/mjg.02.2023.79.86.

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The palynofacies and sedimentological analyses of the sedimentary succession of the HB-001 well were carried out to establish biozones and the palaeodepositional environment. Ninety-six samples of ditch cutting within intervals of depth of 1250 -4011 m were analyzed. Most of the previous researchers established biozones with alpha-numeric method. The use of palynomorphs and palynofacies analyses to delineate paleoenvironment of deposition has been applied to a limited extent in the Niger Delta Basin in Nigeria. The analysis produced fairly diverse and moderately abundant pollen and spores with high recoveries of palynomaceral 1 and 2 and minimal retrievals of palynomaceral 3 and 4. The textural, lithologic, as well as wireline log data point out that the whole studied interval in the HB-001 well fit in to the Agbada Formation. Late Miocene age was assigned on the bases of the analysis of stratigraphic age range of indicative palynological markers for example Zonocostites ramonae, Verrucatosporites sp., Laevigatosporites sp., Monoporites annulatus, Pachydermites diederixi and Psila,tricolporites crassus. Two assemblage zones were established in the well with the use of the International Stratigraphic Guide for the biozones establishment. The two recognized palynostratigraphic zones are Cyperaceaepollis sp. – Nympheaepollis clarus, and Stereisporites sp Zones. Lower delta plain, pro-delta and delta front depositional environments have been deciphered for well with the use of the palynofacies association, palyno-ecological groupings, and sedimentological features. Bodies of sand that signify sub-environments inside these settings are deposited in sequences. Every sequence begins with a transgressive stage, after that considerable regression. The palyno-ecological groupings of the retrieved palynomorph taxa revealed that the well intervals studied were deposited under alternating wet and dry paleoclimatic settings. The zones of dry climate presented high account of montane and savannah taxa and low incidence of rainforest, mangrove and freshwater taxa. The zones of wet climate signified increased account of rainforest, freshwater and mangrove taxa and lower incidences of montane and savannah taxa.
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Hoang Dam, Mai, Nguyen Thi Tham та Nguyen Quang Tuan. "Nghiên cứu bào tử phấn hoa và tướng hữu cơ trong trầm tích Miocene dưới, rìa phía đông trũng trung tâm bể Nam Côn Sơn". Petrovietnam Journal 9 (30 вересня 2021): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47800/pvj.2021.09-01.

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Nghiên cứu tướng hữu cơ trong phân tích bào tử phấn hoa là phương pháp nghiên cứu liên ngành giữa sinh địa tầng, trầm tích học và địa hóa hữu cơ để xác định môi trường trầm tích và đánh giá khả năng sinh của đá mẹ. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện trên các mẫu đá trong trầm tích Miocene dưới của giếng khoan CS1 và CS2 nằm ở rìa phía đông của trũng Trung tâm bể Nam Côn Sơn. Mục đích của việc nghiên cứu nhằm: (i) chính xác hóa môi trường lắng đọng trầm tích liên quan đến các điều kiện lý hóa của vật chất hữu cơ; (ii) đánh giá mức độ trưởng thành nhiệt của vật chất hữu cơ và (iii) đánh giá tiềm năng của đá mẹ.
 Kết quả nghiên cứu đã xác định được 3 tướng hữu cơ (palynofacies) tương ứng với 4 tổ hợp môi trường thuộc trầm tích biển thềm; vật liệu hữu cơ trong đá được xác định từ chưa trưởng thành đến trưởng thành, trong đó mức độ trưởng thành nhiệt của giếng khoan CS2 cao hơn giếng khoan CS1; tiềm năng hydrocarbon của đá mẹ thiên về sinh dầu thuộc palynofacies 1 và thiên về khí thuộc palynofacies 2 và 3. Nghiên cứu tướng hữu cơ có ý nghĩa quan trọng trong giai đoạn tìm kiếm thăm dò, cung cấp dữ liệu cần thiết để đánh giá triển vọng sinh hydrocarbon của đá mẹ bên cạnh các thông tin có được từ phân tích cổ sinh và thạch học.
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31

Valdon, Yunis Boga, and Sadiq Abubakar Maigari. "Palynofacies and sea level changes in the Upper Cretaceous of the Yola Basin, Northern Benue Trough, Northeastern Nigeria." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 8, no. 3b (2022): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v8i3b.18.

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Upper Cretaceous sediments (Numanha and Lamja Formations) in the Yola basin of Northern Benue Trough have been investigated in order to characterize the particulate organic matter (POM) in the samples. The aim is to understand the rapid facies changes in both vertical and lateral direction of the formations and the relative abundance of the different organic components within the sections. The investigation involved 62 samples from four outcrop sections. The analysis involved series of laboratory procedure ranging from sample preparation, chemical treatment with HCl and HF, sieving, slide cover and completion then the counting of 300 particles per sample. The samples yielded sufficient organic residues for detailed palynofacies analysis. The organic constituents observed in the studied samples have been classified into phytoclast, palynomorp and amorphous organic matter groups. The phytoclast group predominates in almost all the sections followed by the palynomorp group with little amount of amorphous organic matter (AOM). The palynofacies parameters used for the study are the continental/ marine and opaque/translucent ratios which led to the construction of the sea-level variation pattern for the formations using Tilia 2.0.2 program.
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32

Lebedeva, N. K. "Palynofacies in upper cretaceous sediments of northern Siberia." Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 18, no. 5 (2010): 532–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0869593810050059.

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33

Waterhouse, Helen K. "High-resolution palynofacies investigation of Kimmeridgian sedimentary cycles." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 85, no. 1 (1995): 75–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1995.085.01.06.

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34

Reitz, Erhard, and Thomas Heuse. "Palynofacies in the Upper Ordovician of the Saxothuringian." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 1994, no. 6 (1994): 348–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1994/1994/348.

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35

Tripathi, Archana. "Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies analysis of subsurface Permian sediments in Talcher Coalfield, Orissa." Journal of Palaeosciences 46, no. 3 (1997): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1997.1351.

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Palynological analysis of subsurface sediments in bore-hole TCC-19 near Chhendipada, Talcher Coalfield, Orissa reveals the presence of a Permian palynoflora both below and above the key marker horizon-a conglomeratic pebble bed. The presence of acritarchs in the assemblage suggests brackish water conditions; the palynofacies analysis indicates low energy lacustrine conditions during the deposition of these sediments.
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36

Țabără, Daniel, and Zoltan Csiki-Sava. "PALYNOSTRATIGRAPHIC AND PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE MAASTRICHTIAN FROM OARDA DE JOS (SOUTHWESTERN TRANSYLVANIAN BASIN)." Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, no. 20 (1) (February 11, 2024): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2024.01.07.

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A palynological, palynofacies and organic geochemical investigation of the Upper Cretaceous continental vertebrate site of Oarda de Jos allowed us to constrain its age and to make more detailed inferences about its depositional environment. The recovered palynomorph assemblage is represented mainly by angiosperm pollen and fern spores, alongside rare taxa of gymnosperms. Biostratigraphically significant taxa identified in the assemblage restrict the age of the studies deposits to the later early Maastrichtian. The palynofloral evidence indicates plant communities that mainly preferred higher-altitude areas and cooler-wetter conditions. However, a spore and pollen assemblage which derives from vegetation typical of lacustrine areas or riverbanks also occurs in the studied deposits. The studied palynoflora shows quite significant differences compared to previously published palynological assemblages from the same geological unit (the Sebeș Formation), although from deposits located slightly to the north, at Pâclișa. Organic geochemical data show that certain organic biomarkers such as n-alkanes n-C16 to n-C18 reach the highest values, and indicate that they may derive from freshwater colonial green algae such as Scenedesmus. The palynofacies constituents used to reconstruct the depositional environment suggest an exclusive terrestrial organic matter deposited in a stagnant-water fluvial/lacustrine environment.
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CARVALHO, M. A., V. S. F. TRINDADE, C. G. GONÇALVES, and H. COSTA. "Palynofacies Analyses of Fox Bay Formation (Devonian), Falkland Islands." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ 42, no. 1 (2019): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2019_1_07_19.

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38

Rawat, M. S., and C. M. Berry. "Palynofacies, maturation and source rock potential in Krishna-Godavari Bassin, India." Journal of Palaeosciences 38 (December 31, 1989): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1989.1652.

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Studies on palynofacies and thermal alteration index (TAI) were carried out in the subsurface sequence encountered in nine drilled locations of Krishna-Godavari Basin for source rock evaluation of the Late Cretaceous-Tertiary sediments. The dispersed organic matter, as a whole, is considered mostly land-derived. The composition of the organic matter is a dominantly mixed type. A higher degree of sapropelization is recorded in the Late Cretaceous-Palaeogene sequence as compared to Neogene. The organic maturation as suggested by TAI values indicates that the maturation level of ‘Oil Window’ (TAI = 2.5) reached in the Late Palaeocene (53.60 Ma) in A, B, F, and E locations. Younger levels of maturation are noted as Middle Eocene (43·49 Ma) in C and D and Early Miocene (13-16 Ma) in G, H and I location. It is further observed that the occurrence of the youngest level of ‘Oil Window’ maturation lies between 80°-100° C. which appears the effective cooking temperature for the kerogen in the basin. Based on palynofacies development and TAI values, the sediments within the mature zone are considered to possess good source rock quality to generate the mixed type of hydrocarbons in the maturation range of TAI 2.5 to 3.0.
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Edegbai, A. J., and W. O. Emofurieta. "Understanding the Internal Variability of Mudstones: Dark Mudstone of the Campano- Maastrichtian Mamu Formation as Case Study." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 5 (2020): 845–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i5.18.

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The objective of this research work was to investigate approximately 6m of Campano-Maastrichtian dark mudstone outcropping at Uzebba, Benin Flank, SW Anambra Basin using sedimentological, geochemical, mineralogical, and palynofacies techniques. Our findings show that the mudstone succession can be subdivided into 3-broad units from bottom to top. Unit 1 is characterized by weak to moderate bioturbation, high quartz content (≥50 %) as well as grained dominated microfabric with planar to wavy laminations. Unit 2 has the lowest particle size, zero to mild bioturbation, low quartz content as well as matrix dominated microfabric with thin to indistinct laminations, which are mostly planar. Unit 3 show intermediate particle size, weak to moderate bioturbation, moderate quartz content as well as grain dominated microfabric with much thicker laminations than units 1and 2 that vary from wavy to curved. Geochemical and palynofacies proxies for detrital influx and paleoproductivity are congruent. They show that units 1 and 3 received significant detrital contribution as well as high terrestrial paleoproductivity under low relative sea level, which promoted the development of good petrophysical and geomechanical properties suitable for gas shale development. Conversely, Unit 2 received less significant detrital contribution as well as increased marine paleoproductivity under higher relative sea level. 
 Keywords: Detrital influx, paleoproductivity, unconventional reservoirs, Benin flank
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40

LESZCZYŃSKI, Krzysztof, and Marta WAKSMUNDZKA. "The palynofacies pattern for the Lower Cretaceous of central Poland." Geological Quarterly 56, no. 1 (2012): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7306/gq.1071.

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41

Tyson, R. V. "The genesis and palynofacies characteristics of marine petroleum source rocks." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 26, no. 1 (1987): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1987.026.01.03.

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42

Blažeković Smojić, Snježana, Jasmin Smajlović, Georg Koch, et al. "Source potential and palynofacies of Late Jurassic “Lemeš facies”, Croatia." Organic Geochemistry 40, no. 8 (2009): 833–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.05.005.

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43

Chukwuma-Orji, Jacinta Nkiru, Edward Agboneni Okosun, and Funmilayo Daramola Gana. "Palynofacies analysis of Ida-4 well, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria." Geology, Geophysics & Environment 45, no. 3 (2019): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geol.2019.45.3.219.

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44

Singh, Alpana, S. Mahesh, Hukam Singh, Surya K. M. Tripathi, and Bhagwan D. Singh. "Characterization of Mangrol lignite (Gujarat), India: Petrography, palynology, and palynofacies." International Journal of Coal Geology 120 (December 2013): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2013.10.001.

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45

Phartiyal, Binita, Sheikh Nawaz Ali, Anupam Sharma, et al. "Palaeoclimatic variability during last eight millennia from a morainal lake in Zanskar, northwest Himalaya, India." Journal of Palaeosciences 71, no. 1 (2022): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2022.545.

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Centennial–scale palaeoenvironmental variability has been deduced during past eight millennia using multi–proxy study (textural analysis, environmental magnetic parameters, stable carbon isotopes, palynofacies and elemental concentration), from Khangok–Padam in Zanskar Valley, northwest Himalaya. The multi–proxy record from this morainal lake spanning last ~8200 cal years BP has revealed four hydroclimatic phases. The overall progressively improving hydroclimatic trend is indicated by multi proxy study: sediment size/texture (as a proxy for the energy condition and depositional environment), mineral magnetism (proxy for sediment flux or lithogenic input and lithologic variation), carbon isotope signature (δ13Corg) preserved in organic constituents of sediments (a proxy for palaeovegetation and climate change), elemental geochemistry (proxy for weathering and erosion) and selected samples for palynofacies data (a proxy for changes in biological organic matter). This improving hydroclimatic trend is however punctuated by an abrupt wet spell at ~6200–5200 cal years BP and relatively drier climate during the Little Ice Age between 1400 and 1900 CE. The main driving force implicated for the changes are seen to be the solar output variations. The area lying in a transitional climatic zone of NW Himalaya shows no emphatic record of the events like the 4200 cal. years BP, 2600 cal. years BP and Holocene Climatic Optima. Contrary to the earlier studies in the region (e.g., Tsokar and TsoMorari), our results show an improving hydroclimatic condition in this transition climatic zone between the Indian Summer Monsoon dominated Higher and westerly dominated Trans Himalaya.
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Spina, Amalia, Simonetta Cirilli, Andrea Sorci, et al. "Assessing Thermal Maturity through a Multi-Proxy Approach: A Case Study from the Permian Faraghan Formation (Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran)." Geosciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11120484.

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This study focuses on the thermal maturity of Permian deposits from the Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran, employing both optical methods (Thermal Alteration Index, Palynomorph Darkness Index, Vitrinite Reflectance, UV Fluorescence) and geochemical analyses of organic matter (Rock Eval Pyrolysis and MicroRaman spectroscopy) applied to the Faraghan Formation along two investigated Darreh Yas and Kuh e Faraghan surface sections. Furthermore, an integrated palynofacies and lithofacies analysis was carried out in order to integrate the few studies on the depositional environment. The Faraghan Formation, which is widely distributed in the Zagros area, generally consists of shale intercalated with sandstones and pebble conglomerates in the lower part, followed by a succession of sandstone, siltstone and shaly intercalations and with carbonate levels at the top. The integrated palynofacies and lithofacies data confirm a coastal depositional setting evolving upwards to a shallow marine carbonate environment upwards. Rock Eval Pyrolysis and Vitrinite Reflectance analysis showed that the organic matter from samples of the Darreh Yas and Kuh e Faraghan sections fall in the mature to postmature range with respect to the oil to gas generation window, restricting the thermal maturity range proposed by previous authors. Similar results were obtained with MicroRaman spectroscopy and optical analysis such as Thermal Alteration Index and UV Fluorescence. Palynomorph Darkness Index values were compared with Rock Eval Pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance values and discussed for the first time in the late stage of oil generation.
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47

Highton, P. J. C., A. Pearson, and A. C. Scott. "Palynofacies and palynodebris and their use in Coal Measure palaeoecology and palaeoenvironmental analysis." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 183, no. 1-3 (1991): 135–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/183/1991/135.

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Al-Obaidi, Ryadh Younis, Thamer Khazal Al-Ameri, and Amer Jassim Al-Khafaji. "Palynofacies, palaeoenvironment, and source rocks evaluation of Ratawi Formation, Southern Iraq." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 6, no. 9 (2012): 3303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-012-0613-7.

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49

van Waveren, Isabel M. "Palynofacies analysis of surface sediments from the Northeastern Banda Sea (Indonesia)." Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 24, no. 4 (1989): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(89)90128-2.

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50

Prebble, Joseph G., Jessica L. Hinojosa, and Christopher M. Moy. "Palynofacies assemblages reflect sources of organic matter in New Zealand fjords." Continental Shelf Research 154 (February 2018): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.12.009.

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