Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Palynology Pollen'
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Bourgeois, Jocelyne C. "Modern and holocene pollen assemblages from Arctic ice caps." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/8535.
Full textPenny, J. H. J. "Early Cretaceous angiosperm pollen from Egypt." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273106.
Full textChesselet, Pascale Claude Marcelle Henriette. "Systematic implications of leaf anatomy and palynology in the Disinae and Coryciinae (Orchidaceae)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18698.
Full textButler, Simon Blake. "Archaeopalynology of ancient settlement at Kebister, Shetland Islands." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262011.
Full textO'ROURKE, MARY KAY. "THE IMPLICATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLEN RAIN FOR FOSSIL POLLEN PROFILES IN THE ARID SOUTHWEST (AEROBIOLOGY, PALAEOBOTANY, TAPHONOMY, PRESERVATION)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183868.
Full textItzstein-Davey, Freea. "Changes in the abundance and diversity of the Proteaceae over the Cainozoic in south-western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0040.
Full textRowell, Louise. "Palynomorph retention on clothing under differing conditions." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0165.
Full textMinckley, Thomas A. "Holocene environmental history of the northwestern Great Basin and the analysis of modern pollen analogues in western North America /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3113019.
Full textTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 294-310). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
Lozano, Vega Gildardo. "Image-based detection and classification of allergenic pollen." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS031/document.
Full textThe correct classification of airborne pollen is relevant for medical treatment of allergies, and the regular manual process is costly and time consuming. An automatic processing would increase considerably the potential of pollen counting. Modern computer vision techniques enable the detection of discriminant pollen characteristics. In this thesis, a set of relevant image-based features for the recognition of top allergenic pollen taxa is proposed and analyzed. The foundation of our proposal is the evaluation of groups of features that can properly describe pollen in terms of shape, texture, size and apertures. The features are extracted on typical brightfield microscope images that enable the easy reproducibility of the method. A process of feature selection is applied to each group for the determination of relevance.Regarding apertures, a flexible method for detection, localization and counting of apertures of different pollen taxa with varying appearances is proposed. Aperture description is based on primitive images following the Bag-of-Words strategy. A confidence map is built from the classification confidence of sampled regions. From this map, aperture features are extracted, which include the count of apertures. The method is designed to be extended modularly to new aperture types employing the same algorithm to build individual classifiers.The feature groups are tested individually and jointly on of the most allergenic pollen taxa in Germany. They demonstrated to overcome the intra-class variance and inter-class similarity in a SVM classification scheme. The global joint test led to accuracy of 98.2%, comparable to the state-of-the-art procedures
Hawke, Philip. "The pollen and spores of metropolitan Cape Town and their relationship with meteorological conditions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21887.
Full textCladosporium, in general, is the dominant atmospheric fungal spore. Fungal spores are, quantitatively, the dominant partner in the atmosphere. Meteorological factors such as wind speed and wind direction, precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure and atmospheric stability have been identified as affecting air spora concentrations and an attempt is made to explain the relationships involved. A thorough review of particle behaviour and current sampling methods indicates that the Burkard volumetric sampler was best suited for airspora sampling in Cape Town. Results of the research confirm that Poacear is the dominant pollen, but basidiospores are the dominant nant spores in the atmosphere.
Hill, Trevor Raymond. "Contemporary pollen spectra from the Natal Drakensberg and their relation to associated vegetation communities." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003768.
Full textStedingk, Henrik von. "History of Picea abies in west central Sweden : applications of pollen analysis to reveal past local presence of trees /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Vegetation Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200692.pdf.
Full textMcDonald, Juliet Carleton University Dissertation Geology. "Palynology of the triporate pollen and paleoecology of the tertiary fossil forests of eastern Axel Heiberg Island, N.W.T., Canada." Ottawa, 1992.
Find full textBiltekin, Demet. "Vegetation and climate of north anatolian and north aegean region since 7 Ma according to pollen analysis." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720892.
Full textLambert, Clément. "Signature paléoenvironnementale des séquences holocènes en Rade de Brest : forçages climatiques et anthropiques." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0112/document.
Full textThis PhD study aims at understanding mechanisms and regional responses of the Holocene climatic variability, targeting the Bay of Brest and the Bay of Douarnenez. In coastal environments, the vulnerability of human societies to climate hazards is particularly high and anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems are increasing. In this context, the respective part of natural forcings from those related to human activities can be discussed thanks to paleoenvironmental Holocene reconstructions carried out on sediment archives.Several sedimentary sequences allowed us to focus on different key periods across the last 10,000 years BP.Multiproxy studies mainly based on palynological analyzes (pollen and dinoflagellate cysts) allowed discussing continental and marine signals in parallel, and thus to better understand forcing mechanisms.Pollen studies are used to characterize terrestrial landscape evolutions while dinocysts, counted from the same palynological slides as pollen grains and spores, make it possible to discuss surface palaeohydrological conditions. In addition, in order to complete the understanding of our Holocene palynomorph records conducted on Bay of Brest marine sediments, Bay of Brest surface sediments were investigated so as to deliver a current palynological message.This work has demonstrated the robustness of palynological studies conducted at a regional scale and in a macro-estuarian environment, and also the relevance of our tools to highlight the intertwining of human and natural influences. This work therefore represents a regional contribution to the study of Holocene environmental variability in Brittany, providing high resolution palynological records over the last 150 years (resolution of 1 to 4 years) as well as over the last 9,500 years BP (averaged resolution of 30 years) characterized by the growing influence of human societies in relation to increased deforestation and agropastoral practices on watersheds
Sirr, Susan. "Comparison of spatial, vertical and seasonal distribution of palynomorphs in two Perth metropolitan wetlands." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0118.
Full textKumwenda, Mphamba Wayera. "A palynological study of Heliophila (Brassicaceae) in southern Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53283.
Full textThesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pollen grains of the southern African genus Heliophila L. (Brassicaceae), were examined using light microscopy (77 taxa), scanning electron microscopy (82 taxa) and transmission electron microscopy (IOtaxa). The present study emanates from a pilot study by Kose (200 I) in which palynology was identified as one of the taxonomically informative data sources that can be used in the classification and subdivision of the genus Heliophila. The aim of this study was to assess the taxonomic significance of palynological data in the genus Heliophila. All pollen grains of Heliophila taxa are prolate in shape and tricolpate. The exine surface sculpture varies and two main groups are identified. In the majority of the taxa the sculpture is psilate or psilate micro-perforate with suprateetal spinules (Pollen Type A), whereas in the remaining taxa the sculpture is micro-reticulate to reticulate with or without suprateetal spinules (Pollen Type B). Pollen Type B may be divided further into three subgroups based on the shape of the lumina and the position of the suprateetal spinules. TEM results also confirm the two main groups as proposed by the SEM. The structural and sculptural features of the exine proved important in the demarcation of the pollen grains into two distinctively different pollen types and the other pollen morphological data such as pollen grain sizes, pollen grain shape are discussed in relation to the groups/subgroups of pollen types. The sculpturing types are discussed with regard to their evolution and pollination discussed with regard to plant habit and pollen size. Cluster analysis, based on vegetative and reproductive characters, excluding palynological characters, was performed only after the pollen types were identified. These groups were well supported by plant habit, life form, leaf type, presence or absence of appendages on the filaments, indumentum of filaments and presence of the stipe on the ovary and divided the genus Heliophila into two main clades. It was observed that this division followed a sim ilar pattern as the species arrangement in the classification by Marais (1970). AIthough the two main pollen types occur in both clusters proposed by the morphological analysis, the specific pollen types are restricted to distinct subclusters. In conclusion, pollen data reveals that Heliophila is a heterogeneous genus. The present study also reveals that it is difficult to subdivide the Heliophila taxa into infrageneric units on the basis of palynological evidence alone. In conjunction with other data sources, it does, however appear to have systematic significance. Therefore, the results of the present palynological study can be used as an additional source of evidence to support the subdivision of the Heliophila taxa into infrageneric units in the near future if a better understandinz and classification of the zenus is to b b be achieved.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Stuifmeelkorrels van die suider Afrikaanse genus Heliophila L. (Brassicaceae) is met behulp van ligmikroskopie (77 taksons), skandeerelektronmikroskopie (82 taksons) en transmissie-elektronmikroskopie (IOtaksons) bestudeer. Die huidige studie is 'n uitvloeisel van 'n lootsprojek deur Kose (200 I) waarin palinologie geïdentifiseer is as een van die taksonomies-belangrike data-bronne wat in die klassifikasie en subdivisie van die genus Heliophila gebruik kan word. Die doel van die studie was om die taksonomiese waarde van palinologiese data van die genus Hettophila te bepaal. Alle stuifmeelkorrels van Heliophila taksons is prolaat in vorm en trikolpaat. Die oppervlak-skulptuur van die eksien varieer en twee hoofgroepe word onderskei. In die meerderheid van die taksons is die skulptuur psilaat of psilaat-mikroperforaat met supratektale uitsteeksels (stuifmeeltipe A), terwyl die skulptuur in die oorblywende taksons rnikro-retikulaat tot retikulaat met of sonder supratektale uitsteeksels (stuifmeeltipe B) is. Stuifmeeltipe B kan verder in drie subgroepe, gebaseer op die vorm van die lumens en die posisie van die supratektale uitsteeksels, verdeel word. Resultate verkry vanaf die TEM bevestig die twee hoofgroepe soos voorgestel deur die SEM-studies. Die strukturele en skulpturele kenmerke van die eksien blyk belangrik te wees in die verdeling van die stuifmeelstruktuur in twee duidelike stuifmeeltipes en ander morfologiese kenmerke, byvoorbeeld die grootte en vorm van die stuifmeelkorrels word bespreek in hul verhouding tot die groepe / subgroepe van die stuifmeeltipes. Die tipes stuifmeel-skulptuur word bespreek ten opsigte van hul evolusie en bestuiwing word bespreek ten opsigte van groeiwyse en stuifmeelgroottes. Groepanalise, gebaseer op vegetatiewe en reproduktiewe kenmerke, uitsluitend palinologiese kenmerke, is saamgestel nadat die stuifmeeltipes geïdentifiseer is. Die groepe word gevorm op grond van groeiwyse, groeivorm, blaartipe, aan- of afwesigheid van aanhangsels aan die helmdrade, die indumentum van die helmdrade en die aanwesigheid van 'n stipe op die vrugbeginsel en verdeel die genus Heliophila in twee hoofgroepe. Daar is waargeneem dat hierdie analise 'n soortgelyke patroon volg as die spesie-rangskikking in die klassifikasie van Marais (1970). Alhoewel die twee stuifmeeltipes in beide die morfologiese hoofgroepe aanwesig is, stem die stuifmeeltipes duidelike ooreen met die sub-groepe wat deur die morfologiese analise gevorm is. Ten slotte, stuifmeeldata dui daarop dat Heliophila 'n heterogene genus is. Die huidige studie dui ook daarop dat' n onderverdeling van Heliophila in infrageneriese eenhede op grond van palinologiese kenmerke alleen ook baie moeilik is, maar saam met ander kenmerke kan stuifmeeldata wel van taksonomiese waarde wees. Dus, die resultate van hierdie studie kan as 'n aanvullende bron van data gebruik word om 'n onderverdeling van die genus te steun en 'n klassifikasie van die genus daar te stel.
Moskalski, Susanne M. "Palynologic determination of historical sediment accumulation rates and paleoecological variation in marshes on the St. Jones River, Delaware, USA." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 3.73 Mb., 167 p, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1428179.
Full textBell, Benjamin. "Advancing the application of analytical techniques in the biological chemistry of sporopollenin : towards novel plant physiological tracers in Quaternary palynology." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/advancing-the-application-of-analytical-techniques-in-the-biological-chemistry-of-sporopollenin-towards-novel-plant-physiological-tracers-in-quaternary-palynology(59605f2b-642a-4ea9-8921-4c926217e6f2).html.
Full textRichardson, Rodney Trey. "Molecular analysis of honey bee foraging ecology." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543239052414523.
Full textBelonsi, Talita Kely. "Palinotaxonomia em espécies brasileiras de Beslerieae Bartl e Napeantheae Wiehler (Gesneriaceae) - caracteres evolutivos e influência fitogeográfica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59139/tde-03122018-121202/.
Full textThe pollen morphology of 24 Brazilian species of Beslerieae Bartl. (Anetanthus, Besleria and Tylopsacas) and Napeantheae Wiehler (Napeanthus) was studied, these species are native to the Amazon and / or Atlantic Forest biomes. The objective of this study is to contribute to the morphological characterization of the species, identifying pollen data that may help in the taxonomy of the group, thus increasing the knowledge about the pollen diversity and evolution in the studied genera and providing subsidies for a better understanding of the relations between the Brazilian tribes of Gesneriaceae. Also we discussed the relationship between the pollen morphology of Besleria and its phytogeographic distribution. The material analyzed was obtained from specimens deposited in the INPA, SP and MBM herbaria. The pollen grains were acetolysed, measured, photographed under light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and described qualitatively. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics. The pollen grains are monads; isopolar; small size; with variation in shape, oblate, suboblate, oblate-spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal, subprolate or prolate; circular, circular-lobed, subcircular to subtriangular amb. The apertures are 3-colpate, 3-(4) colpate or 3-colporate; long, short or very short colpi and narrow to wide; with or without margo, rounded or tapered at the polar ends, sometimes constricted or with ornate membrane; endoapertures lolongate or circular. Exine fossulate, microrreticulate, microreticulate-rugulate, microreticulate-fossulate, rugulate, rugulate-perforate. Very thin, thin to thick exine, sexine always thicker than nexin. Variations in the type of aperture and patterns of exine ornamentation of the pollen grains contributed to the distinction of the species studied and confirmed the eurypalynous character of Beslerieae and Napeantheae.
Moura, Beryl Eirene Lutz de. "Estudos taxonômicos e morfopolínicos das Cucurbitáceas do Estado de Goiás, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7298.
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The family Cucurbitaceae Juss. is include in Cucurbitales order in the clade Eurosids I, 2295 spp., included in 129 tropical and temperate genera distributed in seven families of different morphological and ecological characteristics. The family has 98 genera and 975 species. In Brazil is represented by about 30 genera and 157 species. This work deals with the taxonomic study of plants of the Cucurbitaceae family Juss. found in the State of Goias, Brazil to contribute information to update the Flora of Brazil. Exsiccatae analyzes were performed deposited in national and international herbaria and conducting expeditions in the study area. 19 genera and 40 species in the area were located, so 09 genera and 28 species of native plants. Relative to native plants, Cayaponia Silva Manso gender had a greater number of species (8 spp.), followed by Melothria L. (6 spp.), Gurania (Schltdl.) Cogn. (4 spp.), Ceratosanthes Adans. (3 spp.) Psiguria Neck ex. Arn.and Sicyos L. (2 spp.), and the genres Melothrianthus Mart. Crov., Siolmatra Baill, Wilbrandia Silva Manso, are represented by only one species each. Pollen morphology of six native and two sub-spontaneous species of Cucurbitaceae occurring in the state of Goias, Midwest Region of Brazil, were analyzed with the goal of understanding the palynology and taxonomy of selected species. Pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured, described, photographed and electromicrographed. Analysis under the SEM was used to elucidate questions about the ornamentation of the exine. Pollen grains are in monads in Cayaponia podantha Cogn., Ceratosanthes tomentosa Cogn., Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Melothria campestris (Naudin) H. Schaefer & S. S. Renner, Momordica charantia L., Wilbrandia hibiscoides Silva Manso or tetrads in Gurania lobata (L.) Pruski and Psiguria umbrosa (Kunth) C. Jeffrey; average size, large or very large in monads and very large in tetrads. The openings ranged from pores in Cayaponia podantha, colpores in other monads and pores in tetrads. Regarding ornamentation, spiny sexine were registered in Cayaponia podantha, perforated sexine in Melothria campestris, micro-reticulated sexine in Gurania lobata and Psiguria umbrosa and reticulated sexine in other taxa. Results allowed the distinction between genera, indicating that the pollen morphology contributes to the taxonomic studies and the family is considered eurypalynous. These data emphasize the importance of pollen morphology for the diagnosis of genera into Cucurbitaceae.
A família Cucurbitaceae Juss. está inclusa na ordem Cucurbitales, no clado Eurosídeas I, com 2295 spp., inclusas em 129 gêneros tropicais e temperados, distribuídos em sete famílias de diferentes características morfológicas e ecológicas. A família Cucurbitaceae possui 98 gêneros e 975 espécies. No Brasil é representada por cerca de 30 gêneros e 157 espécies. O presente trabalho trata do estudo taxonômico e morfopolínico das espécies nativas da família Cucurbitaceae Juss. encontradas no Estado de Goiás, Brasil a fim de contribuir com informações para atualização da Flora do Centro Oeste e do Brasil e com novos dados para a palinotaxonomia. Para o estudo taxonômico foram realizadas análises de exsicatas depositadas em herbários nacionais e internacionais e realização de expedições na área de estudo. Foram localizados 19 gêneros e 40 espécies para a área, sendo até o momento, compreendendo 09 gêneros e 28 espécies de plantas nativas, 10 gêneros em 13 espécies consideradas cultivadas ou subespontâneas. Em relação às plantas nativas, o gênero Cayaponia Silva Manso apresentou um número maior de espécies (9 spp.), seguido de Melothria L. (6 spp.), Gurania (Schltdl.) Cogn. (4 spp.), Ceratosanthes Adams (3 spp.), Psiguria Neck ex. Arn. e Sicyos L. (2 spp.), e os gêneros Melothrianthus Mart. Crov., Siolmatra Baill. e Wilbrandia Silva Manso são representados por apenas 1 espécie cada um deles. Analisou-se a morfologia polínica de seis espécies nativas e duas subespontâneas de Cucurbitaceae ocorrentes no estado de Goiás, região Centro-Oeste do Brasil; com o objetivo de entender a palinologia e taxonomia de espécies selecionadas de Cucurbitaceae. Os grãos de pólen foram acetolizados, mensurados, descritos, foto e eletromicrografados. A análise sob o MEV foi utilizada visando a elucidação de dúvidas sobre a ornamentação da exina. Constatouse que os grãos de pólen são em mônades em Cayaponia podantha Cogn., Ceratosanthes tomentosa Cogn., Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Melothria campestris (Naudin) H. Schaefer & S. S. Renner, Momordica charantia L., Wilbrandia hibiscoides Silva Manso ou tétrades em Gurania lobata (L.) Pruski e Psiguria umbrosa (Kunth) C. Jeffrey; tamanho médio, grande ou muito grande nas mônades e muito grande nas tétrades. As aberturas variaram de poro em Cayaponia podantha, cólporo nas demais mônades e poro nas tétrades. Em relação à ornamentação, foram registradas sexina espinhosa em Cayaponia podantha, perfurada em Melothria campestris, microrreticulada em Gurania lobata e Psiguria umbrosa e reticulada nos demais táxons. Os resultados permitiram a distinção entre os gêneros, indicando que a morfologia polínica contribui para os estudos taxonômicos e a família pode ser considerada euripolínica. Esses dados enfatizam a importância da morfologia polínica para o diagnóstico de gêneros em Cucurbitaceae.
Montade, Vincent. "Végétation et climat de la Patagonie chilienne au cours des derniers 20 000 ans d’après les données polliniques marines." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112302/document.
Full textIn the context of global warming, paleoclimate records at different time and spatial scales appear critical to understand climate mechanisms. Chilean Patagonia (41°S to 56°S), crossed by the Andes from north to south, represents a major topographic constraint on ocean and atmospheric circulation. It is the only region that intercepts the entire southern westerly wind belt. Thus it represents a key-area for the study of paleoenvironmental changes in the southern hemisphere and the understanding of ocean-atmosphere mechanisms and their interactions from the mid- to high-latitudes of the southern hemisphere. In this context, the purposes are: (1) to test the pollen analysis on marine surface sediments in this region, (2) to study the continental changes of paleoenvironments during the last 20,000 years from two oceanic cores of the "PACHIDERME" campaign (MD07-3088 and MD07-3104) and (3) to evaluate their links with southern westerly wind belt activity and with the influence of these winds on the southern hemisphere and with the climate at a global scale. The pollen analyses of marine surface sediments in fjords or offshore from Chilean Patagonia reflect the present-day vegetation from the nearby continental area. At the Peninsula of Taitao (46°S), the North Patagonian forest expansion after 17.6 kyr shows the beginning of the deglaciation. This last (period) is interrupted by a wet and cool event, the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR), that was expressed here by development of the Magellanic moorland linked to the southern westerly wind intensification. The expansion of heliophytic taxa at ~11 kyr illustrates the beginning of the Holocene under warmer and drier conditions that are also recorded around the fjord of Reloncavi (41°S). These conditions persisted until ~8-7 kyr, and then the vegetation changes during the Holocene show a larger climate variability toward a cooler and wetter climate that enhances in northern Patagonia later ~6-5 kyr during the Late Holocene. Our results compared with the regional paleoclimatic data highlight the shifts of the southern westerly wind belt. After a rapid southward shift at the beginning of the deglaciation, the southern westerly wind belt returns northward during the ACR before reaching southern latitudes near to their present-day position. This scheme strengthens the inference of the link between atmospheric CO2 variability and the southern westerly wind belt up to the Early Holocene. From the mid and late Holocene, the southern westerly wind belt was displaced northward with a slight return probably linked to the beginning of El Niño recorded in tropical Pacific Ocean
Persson, Jesper. "Analys av bipollensorter i Västerbotten : Betydelse och för- och nackdelar med klassiska morfologiska metoder." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185060.
Full textSchroeder, Melissa Light. "Palynological reconstructions of Early Eocene flora of the Wind River Basin, Wyoming." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1375541094.
Full textDavid, Rémi. "Modélisation de la végétation holocène du Nord-Ouest de la France : reconstruction de la chronologie et de l’évolution du couvert végétal du Bassin parisien et du Massif armoricain." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S018/document.
Full textUnderstanding the complex relationship between nature and societies has always been a challenge for environmental sciences. With the growing impact of databases in many disciplines, the modelling appears as one of the most attractive methods for understanding and describing environmental changes. The main objectives of this research work are 1) to reconstruct the structure of the regional vegetation cover and to determine its trends during the Holocene in two regions of north-western France, the Paris Basin and the Armorican Massif, and 2) to interpret them in terms of relationships between the pre- and proto-historic societies and their environment. Thus, we set up a methodological approach aimed at 1) redefining the chronological framework of pollen sequences collected for both regions, 2) testing, adapting and then applying a model in order to produce quantitative estimates of vegetation cover, 3) defining a history of the estimated vegetation for each area modelled, 4) comparing these regional results and 5) confronting them to the available informations in terms of densities of archaeological sites and proximity of these sites to the pollen samples locations. From the general framework structuring the vegetation cover changes for both study areas stand out the major steps of the development of natural landscapes during the Holocene. Nevertheless, regional distinctive features were identified; both in terms of chronology of the vegetation cover changes, than in terms of relative proportions of taxa in the vegetation estimates. Some singularity must be recognized in the Holocene landscape evolution for each of these two parts of north-western France. We noticed distinct rates and rhythms, concerning the anthropogenic impact on the Paris Basin and the Armorican Massif estimated vegetation covers, from the late Mesolithic to the late Neolithic. On the other hand, we found similarities between both areas concerning the estimated proportions for anthropogenic markers taxa between the late Neolithic and the late Bronze Age. Clear links between changes observed in human impact on the vegetation cover estimates and those recorded in the density of archaeological sites were also noticed
Barclay, Rebecca. "Formation, cultural use and management of Icelandic wet meadows : a palaeoenvironmental interpretation." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24823.
Full textJolly, Dominique. "Evolution et dynamique des écosystèmes du Burundi : pollen et statistique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22017.
Full textGurjazkaite, Karolina. "Vegetation history and human-environment interactions through the late Holocene in Konar Sandal, Kerman, SE Iran." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-140094.
Full textHigh-resolution paleolimnological records from Lake Jazmurian: Climate-culture evolution at Jiroft in southeast Iran during the Holocene
Cugny, Carole. "Apports des microfossiles non-polliniques à l'histoire du pastoralisme sur le versant nord Pyrénéen : entre référentiels actuels et reconstitution du passé." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00854984.
Full textModie, Benson Ndadzila. "The paleozoïc palynostratigraphy of the Karoo supergroup and palynofacies insight into paleoenvironmental interpretations, Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES2027.
Full textLate Carboniferous to Permian strata of the Lower Karoo sequence in the Kalahari Karoo Basin, Botswana, contains suitably preserved palynomorphs for biostratigraphic classifications. Nine boreholes have been sampled for the study, and one hundred and sixty-five miospore species, eleven acritarchs species, seven prasinophytes species, and 1 chlorophyte species are described. On the basis of species ranges, in boreholes STRAT 1 and CKP8, three Range Zones (2 concurrent range zones and 1 taxon range zone) and three Assemblage Zones, for each section have been distinguished. STRAT 1, choose as reference section, has also been subdivided on the basis of palynofacies data generating stratigraphic marker horizons. Lithological comparisons with the palynozones reveal a younging of the Dwyka glacial fades to the southwest, from CKP6 to STRAT 1, representing the palaeo-trend in glacial migration. Age determination deduced from a comparison of the palynozones of STRAT I section, with other regional and Gondwana-wide zonation schemes indicate Late Carboniferous (Kasimovian — Gzhelian) to earliest Late Permian (Roadian) ages for the Lower Karoo sequence in the Kalahari Karoo Basin. Broad palaeoclimatic inferences from the qualitative analysis support a transition from cold and humid conditions, during deposition of the Dwyka glacial facies, to warm and drier conditions during deposition of the lower Ecca sequences. Palaeoclimatic conditions ultimately turned wet during middle Ecca times generating coal-forming settings. Palaeoenvironmental interpretations based on palynofacies data indicate a predominantly proximal palaeo-depositional setting for the entire Lower Karoo
Mami, Leïla. "Biostratigraphie du crétacé du sud-est constantinois (Algérie) : dinokystes, spores et pollen." Reims, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REIMS007.
Full textBodnariuc, Antoniu. "Histoire holocène de la végétation des Monts Apuseni (Carpates occidentales, Roumanie) : étude palynologique." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30227.
Full textElenga, Hilaire. "Végétation et climat du Congo depuis 24 000 ans B. P : analyse palynologique de séquences sédimentaires du Pays Bateke et du littoral." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX3A003.
Full textGoillot, Cyrielle. "Biochronologie (vertébrés, pollen) et paléogéographie du bassin amazonien occidental au miocène moyen." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1082/.
Full textThe study of vertebrate remains from the Fitzcarrald area (South Peru), and particularly that of astrapotheriid native ungulates, allowed characterising the "Fitzcarrald local fauna", restricting its stratigraphic range to the late Middle Miocene (Laventan), and showing that it evolved in the context of the Marine-like megalake Pebas complex. Faunal comparison with other South American vertebrate localities confirms the occurrence of environmental and/or geographical barriers between northern and southern South America at that time. Moreover, palynomorphs recovered in the Iquitos area (North Peru) have been interpreted as indicating a late Middle Miocene age. Their paleoenvironment was also determined as congruent to the Marine-like megalake Pebas complex. The biochronological dating and ecological interpretation of the Fitzcarrald local fauna confirm that the organization of the hydrographic network and of the current biodiversity of the Amazon basin implemented after the late Middle Miocene
Reynaud-Farrera, Isabelle. "Histoire des paléoenvironnements forestiers du sud-Cameroun à partir d'analyses palynologiques et statistiques de dépôts holocènes et actuels." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20211.
Full textRicherol, Thomas. "Climat Holocène du Nunatsiavut inféré à partir des assemblages sédimentaires de pollen et de kystes de dinoflagellés des fjords (Labrador, Canada)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25300.
Full textDenis, Marie-Pier. "Expansion des arbustes et pollen : étude palynologique des sédiments lacustres récents de la région de la rivière Boniface, Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29964/29964.pdf.
Full textGuiter, Frédéric. "Contribution pollen-analytique à l'histoire de la végétation au cours des derniers 100 000 ans dans la région d'Evian (Haute Savoie, France) : implications pour la chronologie du dernier glacier du Rhône." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30053.
Full textA 2 m profile of intramoraimc organic sediments was cored from the Evian high plateau. Pollen, plant macrofossils and insect remains were used to reconstruct the local palaeoenvironment, which may be compared with a mire surrounded by a dense Abies /Pvsa mixed forest. Moreover, the use of pollen and macrofossil data led necessarily to attribute this peat layer to the final Eemian. Pollen and radiometric analyses of four palaeolacustrine profiles have allowed us to reconstruct vegetation dynamics since the last ice retreat. According to palynostratigraphic and radiocarbon data, the last degladation would have occurred prior to the L. GM Isotopic and magnetic analyses have evidenced some climatic variability during the Lateglacial that had some impact on vegetation dynamics. Accordingly to the geomorphological context of the area, these new data indicate that the Wiirmian maximum of the Rhone glacier might have occurred earlier than assumed, and prior to the Last Glacial Maximum
Brun, Cécile. "Archéophytes et néophytes : pour une nouvelle détermination des marqueurs polliniques de l'anthropisation : le cas des milieux cultivés et rudéraux de Franche-Comté." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00282104.
Full textLa recherche de ces marqueurs polliniques est menée ici dans deux milieux caractérisés par une végétation anthropique très spécifique : la flore adventice des champs cultivés et la flore rudérale, dans une région riche en données fossiles pour une application future, la Franche-Comté.
L'analyse phytogéographique de l'évolution de ces communautés végétales depuis le Néolithique permet d'abord de valider l'analogue. En distinguant espèces indigènes et étrangères (archéophytes et néophytes), en affinant leurs caractéristiques écologiques, elle discrimine aussi des marqueurs « forts » de l'anthropisation.
L'étude de terrain (relevés de végétation, collecte et lecture de données polliniques) permet, elle, d'analyser et de valider la relation végétation/pluie pollinique théorique/pluie pollinique réelle, au moyen d'une série d'analyses statistiques (classifications, ACoP, PCIA, indices de Davis).
Enfin, la comparaison des résultats de ces deux démarches permet une synthèse critique de l'application des marqueurs classiques de l'anthropisation (IPA, Behre...) à la région d'étude ainsi que la mise au jour de nouveaux marqueurs locaux plus spécifiques.
Jouffroy-Bapicot, Isabelle. "Evolution de la végétation du massif du Morvan (Bourgogne - France) depuis la dernière glaciation à partir de l'analyse pollinique : Variations climatiques et impact des activités anthropiques." Besançon, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00530150.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims at documenting the vegetation history of the granitic middle mountain of Morvan (France), in connection with climate change and human impact. The study is based on ten peat cores, on which pollen analyses were performed including non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs). The records about vegetation dynamics are incomplete for the Lateglacial, but they well highlight the history of Holocene forest dynamics. They also reveal regional particularities, such as the low occurrence of conifers in the Morvan’s forest before the 20th century (human introduction). To document the history of human activities at a regional scale, a particular attention has been paid to the determination and the characterisation of human impact phases. In this context, the study also benefited, for some sites, from the contribution of other proxies such as charcoals, sedimentology and isotopic geochemistry documenting atmospheric palaeopollutions. These analyses renew human history of this middle mountain area. They reveal a clear human presence during period that were formely poorly documented, such as Early Neolithic (5000-4500 cal BC), first Iron Age (800-450 cal BC), Early Middle Ages (from 5th/6th centuries). The palaeoecological data also bring new lights over periods for which there is a better archaeological and historical knowledge. For example, they illustrated the attractive role of the mining resources at least from the end of Late Bronze Age (ca. 1650 cal BC), and especially at the time of the Eduean oppidum of Bibracte on the Mont-Beuvray (2nd and 1st century cal BC)
Kuentz, Adèle. "Dynamiques actuelle et holocène de la Puna (Andes sèches du Pérou) à partir des observations de terrain, de la cartographie (SIG) et de la palynologie (Région du Nevado Coropuna)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF20013.
Full textAzuara, Julien. "L'influence du climat et des activités humaines sur l'histoire holocène de la végétation du nord-ouest de la Méditerranée." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0012/document.
Full textHolocene climate fluctuations and human activities since the Neolithic have shaped present-day Mediterranean environments. Separating anthropogenic effects from climatic impacts to better understand Mediterranean paleoenvironmental changes over the last several millennia remains a challenging issue. This work aims to characterize the influence of human activities and past climate variability over the development of north western Mediterranean environments by (i) providing new data about the vegetation history of this region and (ii) developing new tools for paleoenvironmental data processing. Two high-resolution pollen sequences from Languedoc (France) and the Murcia region (Spain) are presented, covering the last 7800 and 6500 years, respectively. In Languedoc, the past vegetation is dominated by mesophilous forests during most of the sequence, in particular beech forests growing at low altitude within the Mediterranean area. However, recurrent abrupt climate changes, the late Holocene aridity trend, and human deforestation caused beech forests to decline. On the other hand, evergreen Mediterranean vegetation has developed gradually since the Neolithic due to the increasing human impact. In the Murcia region, the influence of past climate variability on the environment is less obvious. Changes in human activities are clearly driving most of the observed vegetation changes. Shrubs and pioneer plants show spread and decline phases alternatively in relation to archeological and historical records. Work to adapt pollen based land-cover reconstruction methods developed in northern Europe to the Mediterranean area was also initiated. REVEALS model of pollen dispersal and deposition was adapted to coastal sedimentary basins such as those studied in this PhD. However, to apply such pollen based land-cover reconstruction methods, pollen productivity estimates are needed. Thus, the data necessary to quantify the pollen productivity of 12 Mediterranean plant taxa were collected and processed. Finally, spectral analysis of paleoclimate time series using wavelets allowed us to characterize the influence of solar variability, the Atlantic thermohaline circulation, and tropical climate variability on the past climate of the north-western Mediterranean. The spatial variability of past climate changes in the Mediterranean is also highlighted by comparing our results obtained for the north western Mediterranean with paleoclimate data from the whole Mediterranean basin
Gouriveau, Emilie. "Résilience des écosystèmes : approche multiproxy de l'impact environnemental des activités humaines passées et récentes dans les Vosges du Nord (mines, verreries, activités militaires et agro-pastorales)." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD039.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to study the impacts of past human activity on the ecosystems, particularly on their resilience in the Northern Vosges Mountains (NVM). This research also tries to fill existing gaps regarding ancient history of societies. To this end, four peaty areas were studied via a multi proxy approach that crosses multiples analyses of pollen, non-pollen palynomorph and carbonised particles, as well as the study of sediments. The results allowed us to reconstruct the forest succession from over 9000 yrs cal. BP that roughly follows the one studied in Western Europe, except for the persistence of Pinus that was allowed by the edaphic conditions around the sites. This study also provides new elements on the indigenous status of Picea in the NVM. In fact, we can observe the first traces of “natural” presence of this tree species long before the plantations of the 19th century even though it is usually considered as exotic in the management plans. The first anthropic impacts on the forest cover were noticed from the initial Neolithic and the landscape use diversifies and increased later, from the Iron Age and the Middle Ages. Even though the valley floors and humid areas were impacted as well, Human activities creates a strong decline in the forest ecosystem – the heart of landscape use - and a modification in its specific composition. Even though the landscape was then fragmented, thus increasing biodiversity, the anthropic pressure resulted in a loss of resilience in the forest. The later only recovers its original values with the modification of landscape use, forest protection policies and new plantations in recent years
Ortiz, Acosta Martín Eduardo. "Histoire de la végétation et du climat au nord-ouest du Mexique : données et méthodes." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30004.
Full textWe show the pollen analysis, techniques and preparation of taken samples from Northwestern Mexico. We discuss of the palynological problems in arid lands and we hoping that it will be used to further studies. The second chapter relates the modern pollen rain and the statistical relationships with vegetation. We show a geographical gradient of six vegetation zones. The following chapter used the Biomes methodology applied previously in other countries and was tested for biomes of the North-West Mexico. This method allowed the methodology of Plant Functional Types (PFT's). The following chapter shows a climatic reconstruction based on modern pollen records and tested on fossil pollen records from Sonoran Desert and Sierra Madre Occidental
Chakass, Mohamed Ali. "Niveau et degré de la variation pollinique chez les espèces annuelles du genre Medicago L." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112357.
Full textDjamali, Morteza. "Changements paléoenvironnementaux en Iran au cours des deux derniers cycles climatiques (végétation-climat-anthropisation)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30081.
Full textThis study is a contribution to palynological investigations in western Iran. Two long lacustrine cores from Lake Urmia and two short cores from lakes Maharlou (SW) and Almalou (NW) were studied by pollen analysis. Moreover, a modern pollen rain-vegetation study helped to interprete the sub-fossil pollen assemblages in terms of vegetation type. Pollen records of Lake Urmia in NW Iran permitted extending the vegetation record of the Near East from 48 ka back to 200 ka. It shows the expansion of oak and juniper woodlands during the interglacial periods and the dominance of Artemisia/grass steppes with scattered xerophytic shrubs such as Ephedra, Pteropyrum, Atraphaxis, and Nitrana during the glacial periods. Last interglacial period or Sahand Interglacial started with the sudden replacement of the Artemisia steppe with Quercus and Juniperus woodlands and Pistada-Amygclalus scrubs. Climate was most probably moister and warmer than the Holocene because of the presence of well developed stands of Zelkova, a mesic thermpphilous relict tree. The vegetation dynamics during the Holocene was different from the Last Interglacial with the post-glacial tree expansion being delayed until the middle Holocene (~6,500 cal yr BP) and a prolonged period of grass steppes/grasslands during the early Holocene. High-resolution pollen analysis of late Holocene sediments showed that human impact on natural vegetation which had already started during the early Holocene, became much stronger since the Iron Age (~3,500 cal yr BP) in both southern (Lake Maharlou area) arid northern section of the Zagros Mountains and in Iranian Azarbaijan Plateau. The most prominent cultural phase took place during the Persian empires evidenced by pollen indicators of extensive agriculture and fruticulture. The strongest human activities were practiced during the last two centuries. Spore and macro-remain sub-fossil analyses demonstrated the wesence of the relict bryophyte species (Riella, Meesia) in NW Iran suggesting the floristic and biogeographical importance of these zones for botanical studies and protection policies
Bengo, Martin Darius. "La sédimentation pollinique dans le sud-Caméroun et sur la plateforme marine à l'époque actuelle et au Quaternaire récent : études des paléoenvironnements." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20280.
Full textMontade, Vincent. "Végétation et climat de la Patagonie chilienne au cours des derniers 20 000 ans d'après les données polliniques marines." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659194.
Full textDavid, Rémi. "Modélisation de la végétation holocène du Nord-Ouest de la France : reconstruction de la chronologie et de l'évolution du couvert végétal du Bassin parisien et du Massif armoricain." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060260.
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