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Journal articles on the topic 'Pan-African Intellectual Property Organization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 16 November 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Blakeney, Michael, and Getachew Mengistie. "Intellectual property policy formulation in Africa." Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property 11, no. 1 (2021): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2021.01.06.

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This article examines continental, sub-regional and national initiatives in the formulation of intellectual property policy Africa. The article is divided into seven parts. The first looks at the relationship between IP and economic development. The second part examines the role of IP regional integration and trade. The third part looks at African regional trade agreements. Next, the article surveys the activities of sub-regional IP systems in Africa: the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) and the Organisation Africaine de la Propriété (OAPI). The fifth part looks at t

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Mupangavanhu, Y. "African Union Rising to the Need for Continental IP Protection? The Establishment of the Pan-African Intellectual Property Organization." Journal of African Law 59, no. 1 (2015): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855314000229.

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AbstractIntellectual property rights protection is at the forefront of some of the major controversies regarding the impact of globalization. African countries have in recent years participated to an unprecedented degree in both international and bilateral initiatives dealing with intellectual property. The negotiating positions have been varied and, from a regional perspective, have not been coherent at some levels, with different countries advancing different positions. African countries have adopted regional integration as a strategy to deal with the challenges of globalization. Regional in

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Zerbe, Noah. "Contesting Privatization: NGOs and Farmers' Rights in the African Model Law." Global Environmental Politics 7, no. 1 (2007): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2007.7.1.97.

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The development of the concept of farmers' rights in the Food and Agriculture Organization, and its adoption by the African Union as a counterbalance to the private property rights of plant breeders, highlights the divisiveness of the question of ownership in biodiversity and biotechnology. This article examines the development of the African Model Law, a regional regime intended to promote indigenous control over local biodiversity. The principal argument is that key nongovernmental organizations were able to draw on African efforts and concerns regarding conceptions of private property right

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4

Gathegi, John N. "Intellectual Property, Traditional Resources Rights, and Natural Law: A Clash of Cultures." International Review of Information Ethics 7 (September 1, 2007): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/irie20.

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Western nations, through international treaties and bodies such as the World Trade Organization, the World Intellectual Property Organization, and economic and political pressures on many governments, are to a large degree succeeding in strengthening protection of intellectual property rights as they are understood mainly within the western context. Framing the debate within Locke‘s theory of natural law, the paper discusses the extent to which this strengthening of intellectual property rights is appropriate for developing countries, especially within the African context.

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Ngombe, Laurier Yvon. "Audiovisual Work in the Member States of the African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI)." Journal of World Intellectual Property 9, no. 4 (2006): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1422-2213.2006.00286.x.

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Nechaeva, Yulia Sergeevna. "Current trends in the development of the Intellectual Property Law." Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations, no. 1 (January 2024): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0633.2024.1.70007.

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This article examines the prospects for the development of intellectual property law in national jurisdictions (Russian Federation, Republic of Indonesia, Federative Republic of Brazil, African countries and others), as well as the place of intellectual property in the system of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The main areas of activity of the World Intellectual Property Organization in the context of achieving these goals, the results of the implementation and use of digital systems and artificial intelligence in the field of intellectual property in national jurisdictions (for example,

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7

Ngombe, Laurier Y. "The Protection of Folklore in the Swakopmund Protocol Adopted by the ARIPO (African Regional Intellectual Property Organization)." Journal of World Intellectual Property 14, no. 5 (2011): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2011.00426.x.

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The African Regional Intellectual Property Organisation has adopted, on August 2010, one new protocol. This regional text is on the protection of folklore and TK (Traditional Knowledge). Concerning the expressions of foklore, several issues are included such as the ownership of transnational folklore or the distribution of “royalties”. The text is fundamentally inspired by rules relating to copyright law and consolidated by customary law rules.

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Louise, Gerard, Kumar Dookhitram, Michael Blakeney, and Patrick Allen. "Navigating the Mauritian Creative Landscape: Insights into Collective Management Organization of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights in Mauritius." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 12, no. 2 (2024): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v12i2.7853.

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A thorough analysis of collective management organisations (CMOs) in the unique sociocultural and economic context of Mauritius is presented in this article. By employing a comprehensive methodology that encompasses various case studies and qualitative research techniques like interviews and organisational document analysis, it provides significant understanding of the roles, challenges, and impacts of CMOs in directing and balancing creativity in the Mauritius setting. This study sheds light on the complexities and opportunities present in collective management within Mauritius’ dynamic creat

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Do Carmo Silva, Marcela, Carlos Francisco Gomes, and Castelar Lino Da Costa Junior. "The use of TOPSIS for Ranking WIPO’S Innovation Indicators." Innovar 29, no. 73 (2019): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v29n73.78027.

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The purpose of this study is to study African, Asian and Oceanic countries in the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) ranking of innovation indicators by means of Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) analysis, as a support to the methodology applied by WIPO. The quantitative methodology used is the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). This paper includes a Pearson’s correlation between the indicators. Results suggest a novelty to WIPO’s methodology using TOPSIS as a support for ranking countries, contributing to improve the methodology of inno

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Kongolo, Tshimanga. "Trademarks and Geographical Indications within the Frameworks of the African Intellectual Property Organization Agreement and the Trips Agreement." Journal of World Intellectual Property 2, no. 5 (2005): 833–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1796.1999.tb00089.x.

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11

Abraham Mahanga Tsoni, Cety Gessica, Railh Gugus Tresor Massonini Ngoma, and Xiangrui Meng. "Innovation and Climate Change Mitigation Technology in the Asian and African Mining Sector: Empirical Analysis Using the LMDI Method." Energies 15, no. 24 (2022): 9424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249424.

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Technology plays an essential role as climate change becomes a growing concern worldwide. This article aims to examine the influence that innovation exerts on climate change mitigation technology (CCMT) in the African and Asian mining sectors. Data were collected from the World Intellectual Property Organization mining database. We conducted a decomposition analysis of patent families between 2011 and 2020 based on the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method. Findings revealed that African countries do not devote their innovation efforts to adaptive technologies, resulting in a mismatch b

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Polak, Fiona, and Athol Leach. "DEVELOPING GUIDELINES FOR SOUTH AFRICAN MUSIC LIBRARIANS." Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies 32, no. 3 (2016): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/1677.

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Music librarians must have knowledge of the copyright laws which govern the transferring of music from the old analogue form to the new digital formats. These laws were a particular concern of the South African Music Archive Project (SAMAP) which aimed to create an online resource for indigenous South African music particularly that of musicians suppressed during the apartheid years. Polakâ€™s (2009) study was an offshoot of SAMAP. This article draws on her study and identifies the specific problems encountered by music librarians with regard to digital copyright law pertaining to music. The g

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Botoy, Ituku Elangi. "Potential and Substantial Benefits of the Trips Agreement to the Member Countries of the African Intellectual Property Organization in the Patent Field." Journal of World Intellectual Property 4, no. 1 (2005): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2001.tb00165.x.

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14

Volgina, Natalia. "Global Value Chain Research: The Role of International Organisations." International Organisations Research Journal 15, no. 2 (2020): 255–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-02-12.

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Recent years the phenomenon of global value chains (GVCs) has attracted great attention of international organizations. Many of them are involved in the study of GVCs, primarily the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the UN Commission on Trade and Development, the World Trade Organization, the World Bank, the World Intellectual Property Organization and others, including regional international organizations, such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Asia, UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, African Development Bank, etc. The purpose of this

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Akberdina, Victoria V., and Maxim V. Vlasov. "Digital education index in cities of Africa." R-Economy 10, no. 3 (2024): 272–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/recon.2024.10.3.017.

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Relevance. Africa presents a unique case: despite having the lowest urbanization levels in the world, it demonstrates the highest rates of urban population growth. Universities in large African cities play a key role in developing human capital by providing educational opportunities and training in digital skills necessary for participation in the digital economy. Objective. This article aims to assess the relationship between digital higher education, a key component of human capital, and economic development in African countries. It also explores the Digital Education Index and the factors i

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Hamza, Karim. "Comparative Analysis of Egypt’s National Competitiveness: An Evaluation Using International Economic Indicators." Journal of Accounting, Finance, Economics, and Social Sciences 9, no. 1 (2024): 43–58. https://doi.org/10.62458/jafess915.

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This study aims to assess Egypt’s national competitiveness, using international economic indicators and benchmarks to help policymakers set strategies for improvement. The study utilized a comparative analysis method by employing specific international indicators and benchmarks, namely the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) of the World Economic Forum, the Global Innovation Index (GII) of the World Intellectual Property Organization, and the Ease of Doing Business of the World Bank. These outcomes were compared with those of three primary regional groups: Middle East and North Africa (Arab Cou

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Tonye Mahop, Marcelin. "Are the African Organization of Intellectual Property Patent Approach and Cameroonian National Biodiversity Regulations at a Crossroads? Suggesting Alternatives Tailored to National and Regional Interests." Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 14, no. 3 (2005): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.2005.00448.x.

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He, Xingrui, Zhen Li, Xiao-Tao Zhuo, Zi Hui, Tian Xie, and Xiang-Yang Ye. "Novel Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Inhibitors: A Patent Review (2016-2019)." Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery 15, no. 1 (2020): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574892815666200217125419.

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Background: Many human diseases are associated with dysregulation of HDACs. HDAC6 exhibits deacetylase activity not only to histone protein but also to non-histone proteins such as α- tubulin, HSP90, cortactin, and peroxiredoxin. These unique functions of HDAC6 have gained significant attention in the medicinal chemistry community in recent years. Thus a great deal of effort has devoted to developing selective HDAC6 inhibitors for therapy with the hope to minimize the side effects caused by pan-HDAC inhibition. Objective: The review intends to analyze the structural feature of the scaffolds, t

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19

Kabau, Tom, and Faith Cheruiyot. "The Arusha Protocol on plant varieties protection: balancing breeders' and farmers' rights for food security in Africa." Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property 9, no. 3 (2019): 303–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2019.03.04.

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The adoption of the Arusha Protocol for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (Arusha Protocol) in 2015 created a harmonized regional legal mechanism for the protection of plant breeders’ rights (PBRs) in the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) member states. Regrettably, the Arusha Protocol, which is to enter into force after the requisite ratifications, reaffirms the often criticized International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants of 1991 (UPOV 1991) in its extensive limitation of the traditional farmers’ rights to freely save, replant and e

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Kongolo, Tshimanga. "The African Intellectual Property Organizations." Journal of World Intellectual Property 3, no. 2 (2005): 265–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2000.tb00127.x.

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21

Hafiz, Usman Ahmed, Fauzilah Salleh, Murtala Garba, and Norfadzilah Rashid. "The Moderating Role of Innovation on Institutional Components and Life Insurance Penetration: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting 13, no. 2 (2022): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v13i2.628.

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A well-functioning insurance market benefits the economy by promoting efficient capital allocation, liquidity, savings, and risk reduction. However, in most Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, risk protection uptake is sketchy compared to other regions. For instance, data shows that insurance penetration in Africa stood at 2.78% in 2019, lower than the global average of 7.23%. Hence, this study aims to determine the moderating effect of innovation on institutional components and life insurance penetration in 35 SSA nations between 2009 and 2020. The study employs data from the Financial Devel

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22

Dashkova, MO. "The Main Changes in the Russian Legislation in Science and Technology in 2021." Science Governance and Scientometrics 17, no. 1 (2022): 82–107. https://doi.org/10.33873/2686-6706.2022.17-1.82-107.

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<strong>Introduction. </strong>Currently, in the context of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, major changes are taking place, including in the scientific and technical area. The law, as a social institution, also undergoes transformations determined by internal and external factors. However, such changes, as a result of which the legislation changes, do not always fully reflect the dynamics and orientation of social processes. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify important changes in the Russian legislation in the scientific and technical area for 2021. The subjec

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23

Wabwire, Jonai. "A Review of intellectual property rights: The weak link with the African Traditional knowledge." Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration 7, no. 4 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22461/jhea.1.71632.

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Protecting traditional knowledge (TK) has been acknowledged in various discussions under the umbrella of a number of inter-governmental organizations that deal with biodiversity, the environment, indigenous peoples’ rights, human rights, among others. It has, however, been difficult to arrive at a consensus on the proper modality that can serve the needs and desires of Indigenous and Local Communities (ILCs) in their economic and cultural participation. The paper examines the requirements for the protection of TK and explores the modalities of TK protection at the international level for regul

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24

Magaji, BM. "Legal frameworks for encouraging research, innovation and technology transfer in Africa: Challenges and opportunities." African multidisciplinary Journal of Development 12, no. 3 (2023): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.59568/amjd-2023-12-3-22.

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Africa has been facing significant challenges in its development process, including limited access to research and innovation. However, research, innovation, and technology transfer can play a crucial role in transforming African economies and addressing key developmental challenges. Therefore, legal frameworks that encourage and facilitate these activities are essential. This paper examines the legal frameworks in Africa for encouraging research, innovation, and technology transfer. It analyses the challenges and opportunities that these legal frameworks present and provides recommendations f

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Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Vishal B. Dave, K. Srikanth Reddy, et al. "Advancing African Medicines Agency through Global Health Diplomacy for an Equitable Pan-African Universal Health Coverage: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (2021): 11758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211758.

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The African continent is home to 15% of the world’s population and suffers from a disease burden of more than 25% globally. In this COVID-19 era, the high burden and mortality are further worsened due to inequities, inequalities such as inadequate health systems, scarce financial and human resources, as well as unavailability of inexpensive medicines of good quality, safety, and efficacy. The Universal Health Coverage ensures that people have access to high-quality essential health services, secure, reliable, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines, as well as financial security. This

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Kar, Priyajoy, HR Meena, BS Meena, et al. "Dairy innovation portal: A web-based platform to address farmer-led innovations in the Indian dairy sector." Indian Journal of Dairy Science 77, no. 5 (2024): 476–81. https://doi.org/10.33785/ijds.2024.v77i05.012.

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The study was carried out in four districts of Haryana and Punjab states to conduct the baseline survey about developing a Dairy Innovation portal for the dairy stakeholders .A first- of-its-kind Dairy Innovation Portal was developed consisting of the details of Farmer- led Innovations resulting from the preliminary survey. The portal was developed keeping in view the diverse needs of the stakeholders in the dairying sector. The multilingual portal was equipped with innovation submission forms in farmers’ native language for easy access. The portal also directs the farmers to claim Intellectua

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Dauda, Bọla. "A Review of Toyin Falọla. Cultural Modernity in a Colonized World: The Writings of Chief Isaac Oluwole Delanọ. Pan-African University Press, 2020, 739 pages. Toyin Falọla and Michael O. Afọlayan eds. Isaac O. Delanọ A Dictionary of Yoruba Monosyllabic Verbs Edited with an Introduction. Pan-African University Press, 2020, 538 pages. Toyin Falọla and Michael O. Afọlayan eds. Selected Works of Chief Isaac O. Delanọ on Yoruba Language Edited and Introduced. Pan-African University Press, 2020, 644 pages." Yoruba Studies Review 4, № 2 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/ysr.v4i2.130050.

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Yes, the Yoruba Studies Review has asked me to write a “comprehensive review of the three books released on Chief Isaac Delanọ.” However, because Toyin Falọla had already committed 739 pages for an unsurpassed chronicle and review of the times, life, works, and classics of Doctor Isaac Oluwọle Delanọ, it would be pretentious of me to claim any attempt to do a comprehensive review of the three books. What I will do is to make a modest introduction Book Review 296 Bola Dauda of Delanọ’s long buried or an unheralded intellectual legacy. While Samuel Ajayi Crowther laid the foundation for the tran

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S, Anirudh. "Farmers' Rights vs Plant Breeders' Rights: Navigating Justice in Agricultural Innovation." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 07 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem51204.

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This paper examines the legal and ethical tension between farmers’ rights and plant breeders’ rights in the context of global agricultural justice. It provides a comparative analysis of international instruments (TRIPS, UPOV, ITPGRFA) and national laws (notably India, the United States, and selected African jurisdictions) that shape intellectual property protection for plant varieties and the corresponding entitlements of farmers. The study explores how different legal regimes balance these rights, highlighting doctrinal issues (e.g. sui generis plant variety protection, patent exemptions) alo

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Porta, Exequiel O. J. "The crucial role of drug repositioning in tackling Chagas disease, sleeping sickness, and leishmaniasis." INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences 7, no. 4 (2024): 3721. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/itps.3721.

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Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), such as Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), and leishmaniasis, disproportionately affect low-income populations in tropical and subtropical regions, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Consequently, these diseases, historically overlooked in global health agendas, perpetuate cycles of poverty and impede economic development. Drug repositioning, the repurposing of existing drugs for new therapeutic uses presents a promising strategy by reducing drug development time and cost while leveraging known safety profiles. How

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Lopes, João, Márcio Oliveira, Paulo Silveira, Luís Farinha, and José Oliveira. "Business Dynamism and Innovation Capacity, an Entrepreneurship Worldwide Perspective." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 1 (2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010094.

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This research aims to identify which factors best explain business dynamics and innovation capacity in the continents of Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and North America. To achieve this, data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the Global Competitiveness Report is used. The linear regression method is utilized with the stepwise procedure for data analysis. It is possible to ascertain that, with a view to increasing innovation capacity in the African continent, business leaders and managers should be acquainted with innovation studies to better understand techn

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Dinic, Jordan. "Meaning and contents of the programme for a revitalization of Africa." Medjunarodni problemi 56, no. 1 (2004): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0401079d.

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The programme for a revitalization of Africa through the New Partnership for Africa?s Development (NEPAD) project is determined by the need of the African continent to overcome its historic heritage and a rather unfavourable current situation, and to become part of the globalisation processes that had spread throughout the world in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. After a brief clarification of the terminology included in the very title of the above project, the author identifies and analyses the important characteristics of the current situation in the continent, which has been and sti

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Schonwetter, Tobias. "Protection against unfair competition—African Regional Intellectual Property Organization member states and South Africa." Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice, January 17, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpae001.

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Abstract This article summarizes the current status of protection against unfair competition in 19 Member States of the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) as well as South Africa. Since several study countries are Member States to at least one Regional Economic Community (RECs) or customs union, which have introduced regional or sub-regional competition regimes to advance regional integration in this area, the relevant RECs and customs unions are also briefly analysed. This is followed by some reflections on the impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA

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Motari, Marion, Jean-Baptiste Nikiema, Ossy M. J. Kasilo, et al. "The role of intellectual property rights on access to medicines in the WHO African region: 25 years after the TRIPS agreement." BMC Public Health 21, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10374-y.

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Abstract Background It is now 25 years since the adoption of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the same concerns raised during its negotiations such as high prices of medicines, market exclusivity and delayed market entry for generics remain relevant as highlighted recently by the Ebola and COVID-19 pandemics. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) mandate to work on the interface between intellectual property, innovation and access to medicine has been continually reinforced and extended to include providing support to countries on the implement

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dos Santos, Fernando, Caroline B. Ncube, and Marisella Ouma. "Intellectual property framework responses to health emergencies – options for Africa." South African Journal of Science 118, no. 5/6 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2022/12775.

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We debate whether intellectual property (IP) protection of medical products and devices required to prevent, treat and contain COVID-19 should be waived, as proposed by South Africa and India, under the World Trade Organization (WTO)’s Agreement on Trade-related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). We discuss existing public policy mechanisms under the TRIPS Agreement and how these have been implemented at national level in Africa, and find that these have proven inadequate and that they have been sub-optimally implemented. We then consider the TRIPS Waiver proposal which

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Pouris, Anastassios, and Roula Inglesi-Lotz. "The contribution of copyright-based industries to the South African economy." South African Journal of Science 113, no. 11/12 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2017/20160286.

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We report the results of an effort to measure the contribution of copyright-based industries to the South African economy. Following the methodology of the World Intellectual Property Organization, we identify the copyright industry’s contribution to GDP, employment, imports and exports in South Africa for the period 1970–2009. It was estimated that the sector contributed 4.1% to GDP – more than the contributions of other sectors such as agriculture and food, beverages and tobacco. Because of this quantified importance of the copyright-based industries, we recommend that relevant South African

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Lonias Ndlovu and Amos Saurombe. "THEORIES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND ACCESS TO MEDICINES IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC)." Obiter 37, no. 3 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v37i3.11523.

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Despite the adoption of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Doha Declaration on the Agreement on Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and Public Health in 2001, which unequivocally affirmed WTO members’ rights to use compulsory licences and other TRIPS flexibilities to access essential medicines, thirteen years on, developing countries and least developed countries are still grappling with access to medicines issues and a high disease burden. Despite some well-researched and eloquent arguments to the contrary, it is a trite fact that patents remain an impediment to acce

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Olatunji, Olugbenga Ajani. "Going It Alone or Acting as a Collective? Evaluating the East African Community Policy on Implementing TRIPS Obligations." Journal of African Law, December 15, 2023, 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855323000323.

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Abstract The grim realities of the COVID-19 pandemic have resuscitated discussions about the effectiveness of the flexibilities entrenched in the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) for improving access to medicines. This article revisits this vexed issue by examining whether a regional approach to implementing TRIPS obligations could deliver a better outcome for access, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where manufacturing capacity is almost non-existent. Using the East African Community (EAC) as a case study, the a

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Watermeyer, Brian. "Freedom to read: A personal account of the ‘book famine’." African Journal of Disability 3, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v3i1.144.

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Even in the digital age, access to literature and other information for people with print impairments remains extremely poor, especially in the developing world. Reading access holds cascading implications for education, economic empowerment, social participation and self-worth. In June 2013 member states of WIPO (the World Intellectual Property Organization)concluded a landmark treaty to reduce copyright impediments to the dissemination of literature to print impaired people. Its effectiveness is not yet clear. Meanwhile, critics hold that disability studies’ analyses have too often lacked in

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Atuire, Caesar Alimsinya, and Nicole Hassoun. "Rethinking solidarity towards equity in global health: African views." International Journal for Equity in Health 22, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12939-023-01830-9.

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AbstractWhen the COVID-19 pandemic first took the world by storm, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a Solidarity Call to Action to realize equitable global access to COVID-19 health technologies through pooling of knowledge, intellectual property and data. At the dawn of 2022, 70% of rich countries’ populations were vaccinated but only 4.6% of poor countries (Our World In Data, Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccinations, 2022). Vaccine nationalism and rampant self-interest grew and our ineffective global response led to new variants of concern - like Omicron - emerging. Rather than abandon t

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Forere, Malebakeng. "The compliance of the fair use clause in the South African copyright amendment bill with the three-step test and the constitution of South Africa." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, May 12, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpaf031.

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Abstract This contribution distinguishes fair dealing in the Copyright Act from fair use in the Copyright Amendment Bill to assess the differences between them, given the contestation around the proposed fair use clause in South Africa. The contribution then considers whether the fair use clause in the Bill complies with South Africa’s international obligations encapsulated in the three-step test of the Berne Convention and the Agreement on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. Furthermore, this paper analyses whether the proposed fair use clause complies with the Constitu

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Ncube, Caroline B. "Food Security and Plant Variety Protection: Seeding Hope for the African Continental Free Trade Area?" IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, January 31, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-024-01556-3.

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Abstract This article argues that the twin pillars of the right to food and sustainable development ought to inform how the Annex on the protection of new plant varieties under the Agreement establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is drafted, in view of the impact of such protection on access to food. Such impact is multi-pronged, beginning with the quality, quantity and availability of seeds, through to crop production and regional cross-border distribution of agricultural products in the AfCFTA. In order to give effect to these twin pillars, the continental sui generis

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Hezekiel Oira and Lonias Ndlovu. "THE DICHOTOMY BETWEEN SIGNAL AND CONTENT AS BASIS OF BROADCAST COPYRIGHT: A KENYAN AND SOUTH AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE." Obiter 39, no. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v39i2.11371.

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The concept of broadcast copyright is one of the most controversial and non-felicitous subjects, both at national and transnational levels. Most municipal copyright laws and relevant international instruments merely provide that broadcasting organizations shall enjoy protection over their broadcasts and programme-carrying signals. Some of those international instruments include The Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations of 1961 (hereinafter “the Rome Convention”). Article 13 thereof grants specific exclusive rights against certa

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Ewuoso, Cornelius. "What COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution Disparity Reveals About Solidarity." Voices in Bioethics 10 (February 2, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/vib.v10i.12042.

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Photo by Spencer Davis on Unsplash ABSTRACT Current conceptions of solidarity impose a morality and sacrifice that did not prevail in the case of COVID-19 vaccine distribution. Notably, the vaccine distribution disparity revealed that when push came to shove, in the case of global distribution, self-interested persons reached inward rather than reaching out, prioritized their needs, and acted to realize their self-interest. Self-interest and loyalty to one’s own group are natural moral tendencies. For solidarity to be normatively relevant in difficult and emergency circumstances, solidarity sc

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Wenham, Clare, Olivier Wouters, Catherine Jones, et al. "Measuring health science research and development in Africa: mapping the available data." Health Research Policy and Systems 19, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12961-021-00778-y.

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Abstract Background In recent years there have been calls to strengthen health sciences research capacity in African countries. This capacity can contribute to improvements in health, social welfare and poverty reduction through domestic application of research findings; it is increasingly seen as critical to pandemic preparedness and response. Developing research infrastructure and performance may reduce national economies’ reliance on primary commodity and agricultural production, as countries strive to develop knowledge-based economies to help drive macroeconomic growth. Yet efforts to date

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Andemariam, Senai W. "The Missed and Missing Benefits to Africa in the Absence of Harmonized International Regulation of Traditional Medicinal Knowledge." Law and Development Review 6, no. 2 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2013-0019.

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AbstractThe WHO estimates that traditional medicine(s) (TM) are used in every country around the world in some capacity and that in much of the developing world 70–95% of the population relies on these TM for primary care. It is estimated that at least 25% of all modern medicines are derived, either directly or indirectly, from medicinal plants and that in the case of certain classes of pharmaceuticals, this percentage may be as high as 60%. Some sources claim that that nearly a quarter of all pharmaceutical products worldwide are derived from plant sources. There is a global increase in inter

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"Forgotten Voices: Cuba at War." Cuban Studies 53, no. 1 (2024): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cub.2024.a930646.

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RESUMEN: Al crecer entre cubanos de generaciones anteriores, muchos de nosotros no pudimos evitar la proverbial frase " más se perdió en la guerra ". Ya sea en respuesta a la caída accidental de la porcelana más preciada en el suelo de la cocina o al desempeño mediocre de un niño en un examen en la escuela, nuestras abuelas y tía-abuelas especialmente parecían encontrar consuelo en la comparación de decepciones relativamente menores con las profundas cicatrices sufridas cuando Cuba había estado en guerra. Sin duda, cuatro siglos de esclavitud, tres luchas independentistas contra España, interv

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Haupt, Adam. "Mix En Meng It Op: Emile YX?'s Alternative Race and Language Politics in South African Hip-Hop." M/C Journal 20, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1202.

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This paper explores South African hip-hop activist Emile YX?'s work to suggest that he presents an alternative take on mainstream US and South African hip-hop. While it is arguable that a great deal of mainstream hip-hop is commercially co-opted, it is clear that a significant amount of US hip-hop (by Angel Haze or Talib Kweli, for example) and hip-hop beyond the US (by Positive Black Soul, Godessa, Black Noise or Prophets of da City, for example) present alternatives to its co-option. Emile YX? pushes for an alternative to mainstream hip-hop's aesthetics and politics. Foregoing what Prophets

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Jones, Steve. "Seeing Sound, Hearing Image." M/C Journal 2, no. 4 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1763.

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“As the old technologies become automatic and invisible, we find ourselves more concerned with fighting or embracing what’s new”—Dennis Baron, From Pencils to Pixels: The Stage of Literacy Technologies Popular music is firmly rooted within realist practice, or what has been called the "culture of authenticity" associated with modernism. As Lawrence Grossberg notes, the accelleration of the rate of change in modern life caused, in post-war youth culture, an identity crisis or "lived contradiction" that gave rock (particularly) and popular music (generally) a peculiar position in regard to notio

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Duncan, Pansy Kathleen. "The Uses of Hate: On Hate as a Political Category." M/C Journal 20, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1194.

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I. First Brexit, then Trump: Has the past year or so ushered in a “wave” (Weisberg), a “barrage” (Desmond-Harris) or a “deluge” (Sidahmed) of that notoriously noxious affect, hate? It certainly feels that way to those of us identified with progressive social and political causes—those of us troubled, not just by Trump’s recent electoral victory, but by the far-right forces to which that victory has given voice. And yet the questions still hanging over efforts to quantify emotional or affective states leaves the claim that there has been a clear spike in hate moot (Ngai 26; Massumi 136-7; Ahmed

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