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1

Torres, Rafael R., Estefanía Giraldo, Cristian Muñoz, Ana Caicedo, Ismael Hernández-Carrasco, and Alejandro Orfila. "Seasonal and El Niño–Southern Oscillation-related ocean variability in the Panama Bight." Ocean Science 19, no. 3 (2023): 685–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-19-685-2023.

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Abstract. In the Panama Bight, two different seasonal surface circulation patterns coincide with a strong mean sea level variation, as observed from 27 years of absolute dynamic topography (ADT) and the use of self-organizing maps. From January to April, a cyclonic gyre with a strong southwestward Panama Jet Surface Current (PJSC) dominates the basin circulation, forced by the Panama surface wind jet that also produces upwelling, reducing sea surface temperature (SST), increasing sea surface salinity (SSS) and causing an ADT decrease. From June to December, the Choco surface wind jet enhances
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2

Spear, Larry B., and David G. Ainley. "Seabirds of the Panama Bight." Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology 22, no. 2 (1999): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1522207.

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3

Whitaker, Justin W., and Eric D. Maloney. "Genesis of an East Pacific Easterly Wave from a Panama Bight MCS: A Case Study Analysis from June 2012." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 10 (2020): 3567–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-20-0032.1.

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AbstractThis study investigates the transition of a Panama Bight mesoscale convective system (MCS) into the easterly wave (EW) that became Hurricane Carlotta (2012). Reanalysis, observations, and a convective-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulation are used to analyze the processes contributing to EW genesis. A vorticity budget analysis shows that convective coupling and vortex stretching are very important to the transition in this case, while horizontal advection is mostly responsible for the propagation of the system. In the model, the disturbance is dominated by
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4

Corredor-Acosta, Andrea, Náyade Cortés-Chong, Alberto Acosta, et al. "Spatio-Temporal Variability of Chlorophyll-A and Environmental Variables in the Panama Bight." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (2020): 2150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132150.

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The analysis of synoptic satellite data of total chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and the environmental drivers that influence nutrient and light availability for phytoplankton growth allows us to understand the spatio-temporal variability of phytoplankton biomass. In the Panama Bight Tropical region (PB; 1–9°N, 79–84°W), the spatial distribution of Chl-a is mostly related to the seasonal wind patterns and the intensity of localized upwelling centers. However, the association between the Chl-a and different physical variables and nutrient availability is still not fully assessed. In this study, we evalua
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5

Pedraza, M. J., and J. A. Díaz Ochoa. "Sea level height, sea surface temperature, and tuna yields in the Panama bight during El Niño." Advances in Geosciences 6 (January 30, 2006): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-6-155-2006.

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Abstract. Between 1988 and 1998, annual tuna landings at Buenaventura (Colombian Pacific) are correlated with the sea surface temperature in the central Equatorial Pacific (r=0.78, p<0.05) and the sea level height at Buenaventura (r=0.76, p<0.05) and Balboa (Panama) (r=0.79, p<0.05). Seasonal oceanic upwelling is forced by the Panama wind jet, which may favour oceanic fisheries such as tuna. Here we first apply a bivariate correlation method (Pyper and Peterman, 1994) and then a multivariate approach (principal components analysis or PCA) to investigate the relationships of these envi
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6

Herrera Carmona, Julio César, John Josephraj Selvaraj, and Alan Giraldo. "Dynamic regionalization of the Panama Bight, Eastern Tropical Pacific, using remote sensing data." International Journal of Remote Sensing 43, no. 9 (2022): 3131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2022.2063040.

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7

Villegas, Nancy, Igor Málikov, and Diana Díaz. "Variabilidad mensual de la velocidad de surgencia y clorofila a en la región del Panama Bight." Revista Mutis 6, no. 2 (2016): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21789/22561498.1153.

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<p align="justify">Las zonas de surgencia y la presencia de clorofila a en la región del Panamá Bight (golfo de Panamá) fueron comparadas en una escala mensual. Las variables utilizadas fueron la velocidad vertical de surgencia estimada mediante el software EVA. V.2.0 y la concentración de clorofila a obtenida de imágenes satelitales SeaWifs. El estudio fue realizado para el área costera entre 6° 30’ y 2° N y en los tres principales focos de ascenso de agua, el primero ubicado entre 83-84° W y 1° 30’-2° 30’ N, el segundo entre 81-82° W y 1° 30’-2° 30’ N, y el tercero entre 82-83º W y 2°
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8

Rincón-Díaz, Natalia, Brigitte Gavio, Muñoz Juliana Valentina Sánchez, and Luis Chasqui. "Crouania mageshimensis Itono, 1977 (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) and three other species new to the Eastern Tropical Pacific." Check List 16, no. (5) (2020): 1171–80. https://doi.org/10.15560/16.5.1171.

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We report new records of four macroalgae species in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, specifically from the rocky reefs of northern Choc&oacute;, Colombian Pacific. Among them, three species of Rhodophyta are included&mdash;<em>Crouania mageshimensis </em>Itono, 1977; <em>Monosporus indicus </em>B&oslash;rgesen, 1931; <em>Jania articulata </em>N&rsquo;Yeurt &amp; Payri, 2009&mdash;and one species of Chlorophyta&mdash;<em>Ulothrix subflaccida </em>Wille, 1901. The new records increase the knowledge of tropical marine algae in the Pacific, open the discussion about possible dispersal mechanisms, and
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9

Valencia, Bellineth, and Alan Giraldo. "Structure of hyperiid amphipod assemblages on Isla Gorgona, eastern tropical Pacific off Colombia." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, no. 7 (2011): 1489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315411001780.

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Temporal variation of hyperiid amphipod structure assemblages was studied on Isla Gorgona, eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) off Colombia between September 2005 and August 2006. Forty-six species were found during the entire sampling period:Hyperioides sibaginis, Lestrigonus bengalensis, Phronimopsis spinifera, Tetrathyrus forcipatusandParalycaea gracilisdominated the assemblage, representing 92%. The dendogram based on the Bray–Curtis similarity index showed that the hyperiid assemblages were separated into two groups, which did not coincide with the seasonality described for the ETP (wet versus
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10

Valencia, Bellineth, Bertha Lavaniegos, Alan Giraldo, and Efraín Rodríguez-Rubio. "Temporal and spatial variation of hyperiid amphipod assemblages in response to hydrographic processes in the Panama Bight, eastern tropical Pacific." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 73 (March 2013): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2012.11.009.

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11

Rydbeck, Adam V., Eric D. Maloney, and Ghassan J. Alaka. "In Situ Initiation of East Pacific Easterly Waves in a Regional Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74, no. 2 (2017): 333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0124.1.

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Abstract The in situ generation of easterly waves (EWs) in the east Pacific (EPAC) is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The sensitivity of the model to the suppression of EW forcing by locally generated convective disturbances is examined. Specifically, local forcing of EWs is removed by reducing the terrain height in portions of Central and South America to suppress robust sources of diurnal convective variability, most notably in the Panama Bight. High terrain contributes to the initiation of mesoscale convective systems in the early morning that propagate
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12

Bergemann, Martin, Christian Jakob, and Todd P. Lane. "Global Detection and Analysis of Coastline-Associated Rainfall Using an Objective Pattern Recognition Technique." Journal of Climate 28, no. 18 (2015): 7225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0098.1.

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Abstract Coastally associated rainfall is a common feature, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. However, it has been difficult to quantify the contribution of coastal rainfall features to the overall local rainfall. The authors develop a novel technique to objectively identify precipitation associated with land–sea interaction and apply it to satellite-based rainfall estimates. The Maritime Continent, the Bight of Panama, Madagascar, and the Mediterranean are found to be regions where land–sea interactions play a crucial role in the formation of precipitation. In these regions ~40%
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13

Margulies, D. "Assessment of the nutritional condition of larval and early juvenile tuna and Spanish mackerel (Pisces: Scombridae) in the Panam� Bight." Marine Biology 115, no. 2 (1993): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00346350.

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14

EVENHUIS, NEAL L. "A new genus for Painter & Painter’s Villa “celer”-group in the New World (Diptera: Bombyliidae)." Zootaxa 4748, no. 2 (2020): 296–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4748.2.4.

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The bee fly genus Hemipenthes Loew in the New World reflects a heterogeneous assemblage of species. Study of species attributed to Painter &amp; Painter’s 1962 Villa “celer” group (the species were later transferred to Hemipenthes) from the southern United States, and Central and South America shows a suite of characters that separate it from Hemipenthes s. str. and it is here described as the new genus Ins Evenhuis, n. gen. with its type species Anthrax ignea Macquart. Eight described species are here transferred to Ins: Ins celeris (Wiedemann, 1828), n. comb., Ins constituta (Walker, 1852),
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15

FACHIN, DIEGO AGUILAR, and MARTIN HAUSER. "Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Himantigera James, 1982 (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Sarginae), including the description of two new species and a key to the known species." Zootaxa 4531, no. 4 (2018): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.1.

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The Neotropical genus Himantigera James in James &amp; McFadden, 1982, is revised. Two new species are described and illustrated—H. amauroptera nov. sp. (Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia), and H. xanthopoda nov. sp. (Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica). Three species are transferred from Himantigera to Sargus Fabricius, 1798—S. dichrous (Schiner, 1868) comb. nov., S. flavoniger Lindner, 1928 comb. rev. and S. fulvithorax (Bigot, 1879) comb. nov. One species is transferred to Microchrysa Loew, 1855—M. splendens (Schiner, 1868) comb. nov. Himantigera jamesi Lindner, 1969 syn. nov. is proposed as a junior
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16

Betancur, Maria Julliet, and Ignacio Martínez. "FORAMINÍFEROS BENTÓNICOS RECIENTES EN SEDIMENTOS DE FONDO DE LA CUENCA DE PANAMÁ (PACÍFICO COLOMBIANO), COMO INDICADORES DE PRODUCTIVIDAD Y OXIGENACIÓN." Bulletin of Marine and Coastal Research 32 (January 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2003.32.0.262.

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Thirteen deep-sea samples (core-tops) from the Panama Basin, Colombian Pacific, were analysed for benthonic foraminifera in the &gt;150μm size fraction. Based on the microfaunal content, three zones are recognised in the Panama Basin: (1) northern euphrophic region (~8º to 5,5ºN), characterized by a high concentration of organic matter flux to the seafloor, oxygenated sediments, and influence of the Panama Bight and the Costa Rica Dome upwelling systems, (2) mesotrophic region (~5,5 to 2ºN), characterized by low fluxes of organic carbon to the seafloor, oxygenated sediments, terrigenous influe
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17

Chaigneau, Alexis, Rodrigo Abarca del Rio, and François Colas. "Lagrangian study of the Panama Bight and surrounding regions." Journal of Geophysical Research 111, no. C9 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006jc003530.

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18

Pineda Polo, Francisco H,. "TAXONOMY OF THE CHAETOGNATHS OF THE BIGHT OF PANAMA." Bulletin of Marine and Coastal Research 9 (January 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.1977.9.0.529.

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Confusions arising on the taxonomy of Sagitta pacifica, S. bedoti and S. pulebra are mainly the result of imprecise and subjective descriptions. A new modern account on two of the three spccies as they appeared in plankton samples collected off the Colombian Pacific and the Bight of Panama is provided, including meristic and morphological information. For the third species S. bedoti, only the relevant meristic and morphometric information gathered is included since published accounts are adequate. It is hoped that this work will represent a contribution in future taxonomic and ecological studi
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19

Devis-Morales, Andrea, Wolfgang Schneider, Raúl A. Montoya-Sánchez, and Efraín Rodríguez-Rubio. "Monsoon-like winds reverse oceanic circulation in the Panama Bight." Geophysical Research Letters 35, no. 20 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008gl035172.

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20

Castellanos-Galindo, Gustavo A., Rodrigo A. Baos, and Luis A. Zapata. "Mangrove-associated fish assemblages off the southern Panama Bight region (tropical eastern Pacific)." Neotropical Ichthyology 19, no. 4 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0025.

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ABSTRACT The Panama Bight ecoregion (PBE) in the eastern Pacific contains probably the best developed mangrove forests in the American continent. Fishes inhabiting the mangrove-estuary mosaic play fundamental ecological roles and sustain the artisanal fishery operating there. Here, using data collected along ~300 km between 2012 and 2017, we examine the spatial dynamics of mangrove fish assemblages that undertake intertidal migrations in the southern part of the PBE (southern Colombian Pacific coast), where the largest and least disturbed mangroves of Colombia are located. Sixty-one fish speci
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21

Vargas Martes, Rosa M., Ángel F. Adames Corraliza, Víctor C. Mayta, and Qiao‐Jun Lin. "East Pacific Easterly Wave Representation in CMIP6 Models." Geophysical Research Letters 52, no. 8 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113233.

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AbstractThe representation of easterly waves (EWs) over the east Pacific Ocean (PEWs) in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations is examined. Models are assessed based on their ability of reproducing PEW‐related precipitation and its evolution. The leading patterns reveal a large spread in the representation of PEW structure and amplitude. A comparison of the models with the most realistic PEWs with those with unrealistically weak PEW skill showed that the more accurate simulations more effectively capture the mean state and EW thermodynamic structures over the northe
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22

Crawford, Greg, Matthew Mepstead, and Edgardo Díaz-Ferguson. "Characterizing oceanographic conditions near Coiba Island and Pacific Panama using 20 years of satellite-based wind stress, SST and chlorophyll-a measurements." Marine and Fishery Sciences (MAFIS) 37, no. xx (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.47193/mafis.37x2024010112.

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Coiba Island and the associated Special Zone of Marine Protection represent an important, yet poorly studied marine reserve along the Pacific coast of Panama. While efforts have recently began to establish monitoring programs in the region, a range of historical, marine-related environmental measurements already exist, derived from satellite-based observations. The goal of this paper was to use long-term datasets for key variables to provide qualitative insights (i.e. descriptive oceanography) of climatological conditions and interannual variability in the Pacific Panama region. These are unde
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23

Corredor Acosta, Andrea, Alberto Acosta, Phillipe Gaspar, and Beatriz Calmettes. "VARIATION IN THE SURFACE CURRENTS IN THE PANAMA BIGHT DURING EL NIÑO AND LA NIÑA EVENTS FROM 1993 TO 2007." Bulletin of Marine and Coastal Research 40 (January 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2011.40.0.127.

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Climatic anomalies have changed the ocean circulation pattern and thus the demographic connectivity. However, in many geographical regions there is insufficient evidence of this change. Therefore, comparisons were made between neutral years and years of El Niño and La Niña with moderate intensity, for the North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC), the South Equatorial Current (SEC), the Coastal Current (CoaC) and the main anticyclonic eddy in the Panama Bight. Daily dynamics topography data of the Maps of Absolute Dynamic Topography (MADT) provided by AVISO and daily wind stress data provide by
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24

Rodríguez-Rubio, Efraín, Wolfgang Schneider, and Rodrigo Abarca del Río. "On the seasonal circulation within the Panama Bight derived from satellite observations of wind, altimetry and sea surface temperature." Geophysical Research Letters 30, no. 7 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002gl016794.

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25

"Assessment of the nutritional condition of larval and early juvenile tuna and Spanish mackerel (Pisces: Scombridae) in the Panama Bight." Oceanographic Literature Review 40, no. 9 (1993): 786–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0653(93)95011-t.

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26

Ariza Gallego, María Alejandra, Julio César Herrera Carmona, Luis Fernando Payán, and Alan Giraldo. "Relationship between sea surface temperature and the nesting of the Olive Ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudines: Cheloniidae) in Gorgona Island, Colombian Pacific." Revista de Biología Tropical 68, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v68i2.38642.

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Introduction: Lepidochelys olivacea is the most abundant sea turtle in the Colombian Pacific and oceanographic conditions at the Eastern Tropical Pacific may have an effect on its reproductive behavior Objective: To assess the relationship between reproductive aspects of L. olivacea nesting at Gorgona island and sea surface temperature at local and regional scales. Methods: Monthly mean data of reproductive attributes associated with nesting females, nests, eggs and hatchlings were established using records from Gorgona’s National Natural Park nesting monitoring and were correlated (cross-corr
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27

Torres, Victor M., and Chris D. Thorncroft. "Analysis of the environment that supports Easterly Waves over the Eastern Pacific and the Intra Americas Sea in the Boreal Summer – A Potential Vorticity perspective." Journal of Climate, March 10, 2022, 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0482.1.

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Abstract A review of the mean state over the tropical Eastern Pacific (EPAC) and the Intra Americas Sea (IAS) region is provided to assess the characteristics that impact the development and genesis of Easterly Waves (EWs). The EPAC-IAS region is characterized by complex topography, the Western-Hemisphere Warm Pool, the ITCZ at 10°N, and predominant deep convection over the Panama bight around 9°N, 78°W. A prominent easterly jet at 600 hPa of about 5.5 m s−1, is oriented approximately parallel to the Mexican coast. The jet is characterized by a strip of high potential vorticity (PV) on the cyc
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28

Ariza Gallego, María Alejandra, Julio César Herrera Carmona, Luis Fernando Payán, and Alan Giraldo. "Relationship between sea surface temperature and the nesting of the Olive Ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudines: Cheloniidae) in Gorgona Island, Colombian Pacific." Revista de Biología Tropical 68, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v68i2.38642.

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Introduction: Lepidochelys olivacea is the most abundant sea turtle in the Colombian Pacific and oceanographic conditions at the Eastern Tropical Pacific may have an effect on its reproductive behavior Objective: To assess the relationship between reproductive aspects of L. olivacea nesting at Gorgona island and sea surface temperature at local and regional scales. Methods: Monthly mean data of reproductive attributes associated with nesting females, nests, eggs and hatchlings were established using records from Gorgona’s National Natural Park nesting monitoring and were correlated (cross-corr
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29

Zhou, Yihao, and Eric D. Maloney. "Dynamics and Energetics Associated With Two East Pacific Easterly Waves During the OTREC Campaign in August 2019." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 130, no. 8 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jd042266.

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AbstractThis study investigates the vertical structure and related dynamical and energy conversion processes that aided the development of two east Pacific easterly waves (EWs) during the 2019 OTREC (Organization of Tropical East Pacific Convection) campaign period. The initial mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that seeded both disturbances formed near the Panama Bight and developed into EWs near the Papagayo jet exit region. In the MCS stage, both disturbances were characterized by top‐heavy vertical motions and midlevel vorticity near the maximum vorticity center. The deep convection cause
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30

Castellanos-Galindo, Gustavo A., Elisa Casella, Hector Tavera, Luis Alonso Zapata Padilla, and Marc Simard. "Structural Characteristics of the Tallest Mangrove Forests of the American Continent: A Comparison of Ground-Based, Drone and Radar Measurements." Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 4 (October 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.732468.

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The Panama Bight eco-region along the Pacific coast of central and South America is considered to have one of the best-preserved mangrove ecosystems in the American continent. The regional climate, with rainfall easily reaching 5–8 m every year and weak wind conditions, contribute to the exceptionally tall mangroves along the southern Colombian and northern Ecuadorian Pacific coasts (Nariño Department and Esmeraldas Province areas). Here we evaluate the use of different methods (ground-based measurements, drone imagery and radar data [Shuttle Radar Topography mission-SRTM and TanDEM-X]) to cha
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31

Valencia, Bellineth, Alan Giraldo, Marisol Rivera-Gómez, Vanessa Izquierdo, and Andrés Cuellar-Chacón. "Effects of seasonal upwelling on hydrography and mesozooplankton communities in a Pacific tropical cove off Colombia." Revista de Biología Tropical 67, no. 4 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v67i4.35489.

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Introduction: The effects of seasonal upwelling on the conditions of the water column and mesozooplankton communities are poorly understood in the coastal zones of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), despite the important role of upwelling events in the modulation of productivity in these zones. Objective: To evaluate the influence of seasonal upwelling over the Panama Bight on the structure of the water column and mesozooplankton communities in a tropical cove of the ETP. Methods: Hydrographic data and mesozooplankton samples were collected during four field campaigns in Ensenada de Utría (De
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32

Glynn, Peter W., Henry Von Prahl, and Felipe Guhl. "CORAL REEFS OF GORGONA ISLAND, COLOMBIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CORALLIVORES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND REEF DEVELOPMENT." Bulletin of Marine and Coastal Research 12 (January 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.1982.12.0.502.

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This study offers an overview of the distribution and structure of coral reefs and coral communities at Gorgona Island, off the Pacific coast of Colombia. Biotic interactions, mainly the effects of corallivores, are examined and compared with coral communities elsewhere in the eastern Pacific in order to provide a basis for understanding regional differences in community structure. Located at the south end of the Panamá Bight and ca. 30 km offshore, Gorgona is largely removed from the influence of upwelling and freshwater dilution. The key corallivore Acanthaster, which is widely distributed i
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