Relevant bibliographies by topics / Panel data unit root test

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Panel data unit root test'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Panel data unit root test"

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Herwartz, Helmut, Simone Maxand, Fabian H. C. Raters, and Yabibal M. Walle. "Panel Unit-root Tests for Heteroskedastic Panels." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 18, no. 1 (March 2018): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x1801800111.

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In this article, we describe the command xtpurt, which implements the heteroskedasticity-robust panel unit-root tests suggested in Herwartz and Siedenburg (2008, Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 53: 137–150), Demetrescu and Hanck (2012a, Economics Letters 117: 10–13), and, recently, Herwartz, Maxand, and Walle (2017, Center for European, Governance and Economic Development Research Discussion Papers 314). While the former two tests are robust to time-varying volatility when the data contain only an intercept, the latter test is unique because it is asymptotically pivotal for trending heteroskedastic panels. Moreover, xtpurt incorporates lag-order selection, prewhitening, and detrending procedures to account for serial correlation and trending data.
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Carrion-i-Silvestre, Josep Lluís, and Kaddour Hadri. "PANEL DATA UNIT ROOT TEST WITH FIXED TIME DIMENSION." Bulletin of Economic Research 62, no. 3 (March 25, 2010): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.2009.00323.x.

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McCoskey, Suzanne K., and Thomas M. Selden. "Health care expenditures and GDP: panel data unit root test results." Journal of Health Economics 17, no. 3 (June 1998): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6296(97)00040-4.

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Karavias, Yiannis, and Elias Tzavalis. "A fixed-T version of Breitung’s panel data unit root test." Economics Letters 124, no. 1 (July 2014): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2014.04.029.

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Hadri, Kaddour, Eiji Kurozumi, and Daisuke Yamazaki. "Synergy between an Improved Covariate Unit Root Test and Cross-sectionally Dependent Panel Data Unit Root Tests." Manchester School 83, no. 6 (August 8, 2014): 676–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/manc.12080.

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Hansen, Paul, and Alan King. "Health care expenditure and GDP: panel data unit root test results—comment." Journal of Health Economics 17, no. 3 (June 1998): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6296(98)00028-9.

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Jönsson, Kristian. "The accuracy of normal approximation in a heterogeneous panel data unit root test." Statistical Papers 49, no. 3 (November 24, 2006): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00362-006-0033-4.

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Jönsson, Kristian. "Finite-sample distribution of a recursively mean-adjusted panel data unit root test." Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 77, no. 4 (April 2007): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10629360600570988.

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Wu, Jyh-Lin. "Mean reversion of the current account: evidence from the panel data unit-root test." Economics Letters 66, no. 2 (February 2000): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(99)00198-6.

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Dreger*, Christian, and Hans-Eggert Reimers. "Panel Seasonal Unit Root Test: Further Simulation Results and An Application to Unemployment Data." Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv 89, no. 3 (August 2005): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10182-005-0207-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Panel data unit root test"

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Kim, Hyunjung. "Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Weighted Symmetric Estimation and Maximum Likelihood Estimation." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010823-091533.

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There has been much interest in testing nonstationarity of panel data in the econometric literature. In the last decade, several tests based on the ordinary least squares and Lagrange multiplier methodhave been developed. In contrast to a unit root test in the univariate case,test statistics in panel data have Gaussian limiting distributions.This dissertation considers weighted symmetric estimation and maximum likelihood estimation in the autoregressive model with individual effects.The asymptotic distributions have been derived as the number of individuals and time periods become large. The power study from Monte Carloexperiments shows that the proposed test statistics perform substantiallybetter than those in previous studies even for small samples.As an example, we consider the real Gross Domestic Product per Capita for 12 countries.

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Oh, Keun-Yeob. "A study of purchasing power parity using unit root tests in panel data." Connect to resource, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262874375.

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Kekec, Ibrahim. "The Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment And The Macro Economy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103343/.

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In this thesis, I first investigate the relation between the aggregate unemployment rate and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and outflows. To study this relationship, I use a panel data set that contains 45 (developed and developing) countries observed from 1987 through 2008, and I employ Arellano and Bonds generalized methods of moments (ABGMM) estimation method for dynamic panel data. My results show that FDI inflows and outflows are not determinants of the aggregate unemployment rate. In addition, in line with macroeconomic theory, the previous level of aggregate unemployment has a positive impact on the current level of aggregate unemployment. Again, as macroeconomic theory suggests, my results show that per capita real gross domestic product (RGDP) has a negative effect on the current level of aggregate unemployment. Second, I study the long-run relationship between exports and per capita gross domestic product (instrumented by total population) using a panel data set of 51 countries from 1970 through 2008. To study this relationship, I employ the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimation method. I find that the percentage of exports in nominal gross domestic products (GDP) is sensitive to changes in the populations of host countries and, hence, to the changes in their GDP. In addition, my results show that the agreement on trade related investment measures increased the percentage of exports in the nominal GDP of developed host countries more than it did in developing host countries.
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Pecka, Marek. "Gravitační model zahraničního obchodu s alkoholickými nápoji ve vybraných zemích EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193154.

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Panel data analysis is the modern approach of statistical and econometric modeling. The aim of the thesis is to estimate the gravity model of international trade in alcoholic beverages in the form of bilateral trade flow depending on the gross domestic product and other associated variables that facilitate trading. The data have a panel structure. Based on the results of panel unit root tests the stationarity of variables in the panel and the expected long-term relationship between the analyzed variables are tested. Gravity model is assuming the existence of long-term relationships built through various methods, such as pooling OLS estimate, fixed and random effects models, cointegrated regression DOLS and FMOLS. Cointegration relationship is verified by Pedroni panel test.
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Zhao, Chong. "Essays on unit root testing in panel data." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4946/.

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This thesis discusses some issues on unit root testing in panel data. It first examines the intra-China price convergence by employing panel unit root tests that take cross-sectional dependence into account. Contrast to the existing literature, where tests assuming independence are employed and PPP is found in the vast majority of goods/services prices, our study finds mixed evidence in favor of PPP. Mixed panels with both I(1) and I(0) units are then considered, a large scale simulation study is undertaken. Size/power of panel unit root tests are examined under a variety of DGPs. A battery of procedures designed for mixed panels are employed, and their performance are examined by simulation. An application on intra-China PPP shows that, on average, only a small proportion of stationary units can be found in relative price panels. We then consider fractionally integrated processes and propose two different types of panel fractional integration test, a Fisher-type test and a multiple testing procedure that controls the false discovery rate (FDR) and classify units into null and alternative. Simulation evidence is provided. Empirical application shows that, in our intra-China PPP study, strong evidence can be found against the unit root null.
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Niang, Abdou-Aziz. "Croissance et convergence des pays de la zone CFA : une étude par les données de panel non stationnaires." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834421.

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Les pays africains de la zone CFA ont connu ces dernières années de multiples transformations économiques d'une part à travers les mesures initiées par les bailleurs de fonds bilatéraux et multilatéraux et d'autre part à travers les politiques d'intégration économique et monétaire. Ainsi, en partant de l'hypothèse selon laquelle du fait de ces nombreuses interventions, ces systèmes économiques incorporent divers phénomènes tels que les changements structurels et les dépendances inter-économies, nous avons étudié leurs principales implications sur la croissance, la convergence et la prévisibilité du taux de croissance. L'accent est d'abord mis sur les traits majeurs des politiques d'intégration dans le cadre d'une union monétaire tout en soulignant les éventuelles incidences de telles politiques sur la dynamique économique des pays membres principalement en termes de modélisation économétrique de la croissance et de la convergence. Les différentes études réalisées sur la base d'outils économétriques adaptés ont permis d'aboutir à des résultats nouveaux relatifs au processus de croissance et de convergence de ces économies comparativement à ceux basés sur les outils classiques de modélisation économétrique. Il ressort également de cette étude que la présence de facteurs communs et de ruptures structurelles est fortement liée aux politiques d'intégration mises en oeuvre au sein de la zone CFA. Ces résultats révèlent aussi que les chocs produisent des effets hétérogènes et ont généralement des dates d'occurrence différentes selon les pays et qu'il est nécessaire de faire varier les réponses de politique économique d'un pays à l'autre pour une croissance durable et mieux partagée.
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Neumann, Cornelia. "Purchasing Power Parity in the European Union A panel unit root test /." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/05604160001/$FILE/05604160001.pdf.

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Wei, Jianxin. "On Bootstrap Evaluation of Tests for Unit Root and Cointegration." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-233885.

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This thesis is comprised of five papers that all relate to bootstrap methodology in analysis of non-stationary time series. The first paper starts with the fact that the Dickey-Fuller unit root test using asymptotic critical value has bad small sample performance. The small sample correction proposed by Johansen (2004) and bootstrap are two effective methods to improve the performance of the test. In this paper we compare these two methods as well as analyse the effect of bias-adjusting through a simulation study. We consider AR(1) and AR(2) models and both size and power properties are investigated. The second paper studies the asymptotic refinement of the bootstrap cointegration rank test. We expand the test statistic of a simplified VECM model and a Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to verify that the bootstrap test gives asymptotic refinement. The third paper focuses on the number of bootstrap replicates in bootstrap Dickey-Fuller unit root test. Through a simulation study, we find that a small number of bootstrap replicates are sufficient for a precise size, but, with too small number of replicates, we will lose power when the null hypothesis is not true. The fourth and last paper of the thesis concerns unit root test in panel setting focusing on the test proposed by Palm, Smeekes and Urbain (2011). In the fourth paper, we study the robustness of the PSU test with comparison with two representative tests from the second generation panel unit root tests. In the last paper, we generalise the PSU test to the model with deterministic terms. Two different methods are proposed to deal with the deterministic terms, and the asymptotic validity of the bootstrap procedure is theoretically checked. The small sample properties are studied by simulations and the paper is concluded by an empirical example.

Ogiltigt ISBN: 978-91-554-9069-0

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Sandberg, Rickard. "Testing the unit root hypothesis in nonlinear time series and panel models." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Ekonomisk Statistik (ES), 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-536.

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The thesis contains the four chapters: Testing parameter constancy in unit root autoregressive models against continuous change; Dickey-Fuller type of tests against nonlinear dynamic models; Inference for unit roots in a panel smooth transition autoregressive model where the time dimension is fixed; Testing unit roots in nonlinear dynamic heterogeneous panels. In Chapter  1 we derive tests for parameter constancy when the data generating process is non-stationary against the hypothesis that the parameters of the model change smoothly over time. To obtain the asymptotic distributions of the tests we generalize many theoretical results, as well as new are introduced, in the area of unit roots . The results are derived under the assumption that the error term is a strong mixing. Small sample properties of the tests are investigated, and in particular, the power performances are satisfactory. In Chapter 2 we introduce several test statistics of testing the null hypotheses of a random walk (with or without drift) against models that accommodate a smooth nonlinear shift in the level, the dynamic structure, and the trend. We derive analytical limiting distributions for all tests. Finite sample properties are examined. The performance of the tests is compared to that of the classical unit root tests by Dickey-Fuller and Phillips and Perron, and is found to be superior in terms of power. In Chapter 3 we derive a unit root test against a Panel Logistic Smooth Transition Autoregressive (PLSTAR). The analysis is concentrated on the case where the time dimension is fixed and the cross section dimension tends to infinity. Under the null hypothesis of a unit root, we show that the LSDV estimator of the autoregressive parameter in the linear component of the model is inconsistent due to the inclusion of fixed effects. The test statistic, adjusted for the inconsistency, has an asymptotic normal distribution whose first two moments are calculated analytically. To complete the analysis, finite sample properties of the test are examined. We highlight scenarios under which the traditional panel unit root tests by Harris and Tzavalis have inferior or reasonable power compared to our test. In Chapter 4 we present a unit root test against a non-linear dynamic heterogeneous panel with each country modelled as an LSTAR model. All parameters are viewed as country specific. We allow for serially correlated residuals over time and heterogeneous variance among countries. The test is derived under three special cases: (i) the number of countries and observations over time are fixed, (ii) observations over time are fixed and the number of countries tend to infinity, and (iii) first letting the number of observations over time tend to infinity and thereafter the number of countries. Small sample properties of the test  show modest size distortions and satisfactory power being superior to the Im, Pesaran and Shin t-type of test. We also show clear improvements in power compared to a univariate unit root test allowing for non-linearities under the alternative hypothesis.
Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2004
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Uysal, Ela. "Application Of Nonlinear Unit Root Tests And Threshold Autoregressive Models." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614878/index.pdf.

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Popularity of nonlinear threshold models and unit root tests has increased after the recent empirical studies concerning the effects of business cycles on macroeconomic data. These studies have shown that an economic variable may react differently in response to downturns and recoveries in a business cycle. Inspiring from empirical results, this thesis investigates dynamics of Turkish key macroeconomic data, namely capacity utilization rate, growth of import and export volume indices, growth of gross domestic product, interest rate for cash loans in Turkish Liras and growth of industrial production index. Estimation results imply that capacity utilization rate and growth of industrial production index show M-TAR type nonlinear stationary behavior according to the unit root test proposed by Enders and Granger (1998).
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Books on the topic "Panel data unit root test"

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Pevehouse, Jon, and Jason D. Brozek. Time‐Series Analysis. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0019.

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This article discusses time-series methods such as simple time-series regressions, ARIMA models, vector autoregression (VAR) models, and unit root and error correction models (ECM). It specifically presents a brief history of time-series analysis before moving to a review of the basic time-series model. It then describes the stationary models in univariate and multivariate analyses. The nonstationary models of each type are addressed. In addition, various issues regarding the analysis of time series including data aggregation and temporal stability are considered. Before concluding, the article briefly reports the time-series techniques in the context of panel data. In general, time-series analysis can help improve the understanding of the political world.
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Book chapters on the topic "Panel data unit root test"

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Beenstock, Michael, and Daniel Felsenstein. "Unit Root and Cointegration Tests for Spatially Dependent Panel Data." In Advances in Spatial Science, 163–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03614-0_7.

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Das, Panchanan. "Panel Unit Root Test." In Econometrics in Theory and Practice, 513–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9019-8_17.

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de Peretti, Christian, Carole Siani, and Mario Cerrato. "A Bootstrap Artificial Neural Network Based Heterogeneous Panel Unit Root Test in Case of Cross Sectional Independence." In Neural Information Processing, 441–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10677-4_50.

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Cetin, Murat, Davuthan Gunaydın, Hakan Cavlak, and Birol Topcu. "Unemployment and its Impact on Economic Growth in the European Union." In Regional Economic Integration and the Global Financial System, 12–22. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7308-3.ch002.

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Unemployment has become an increasingly serious economic and social problem in many European countries. Theoretically, unemployment has a negative effect on economic growth and development. This chapter examines the impact of unemployment on economic growth in 15 EU countries from 1984 to 2012 by using several panel data techniques. Panel unit root tests suggest that the series employed in the study are stationary at first differences. In other words, the series are integrated of order one, I(1). Panel cointegration tests show that the variables are cointegrated over the period implying a long-run relationship between the variables. Panel OLS estimations show that the impact of unemployment on economic growth is negative and statistically significant. This indicates that unemployment decreases economic growth in these countries. Finally, Granger causality tests based on vector error correction model suggest that there is a bi-directional causality between the variables in the short and long run. The findings may provide some policy implications.
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Vladi, Eneda, and Eglantina Hysa. "The Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators on Unemployment Rate." In Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics, 158–81. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7561-0.ch009.

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The aim of this chapter is to study the impact of the selected macroeconomic indicators on unemployment rate in the region of Western Balkan countries and, more specifically, Albania, Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Kosovo. This research is based on the time period 2000 to 2017 and includes five countries and the econometric model used in here is panel data. Data are retrieved from official and trustable sources such as World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). The methodology used is the vector autoregressive model (VAR), unit root test, Hausman test, Granger causality test. All the macroeconomic variables, inflation, interest rates, GDP, and FDI are found to have a significant impact on unemployment rate of this group of countries. The novelty of this study remains the fact that this analysis is performed for the Western Balkan countries as a group. The results can serve and can be taken into consideration when applying similar econometric analysis in the future researches or implementing new policies that influences the macroeconomic factors.
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Akça, Samet, and Bilge Afşar. "The Relationship Between Economic Growth and Innovation." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 358–82. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2559-3.ch017.

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This chapter studies innovation and economic growth and emphasizes their relationship. In this context; innovation and economic growth outputs of 16 OECD countries between 2005 and 2015 are analyzed. GDP is considered as economic growth variable, R&D investments in GDP (%), and patent applications are considered as innovation variables. In light of these variables, panel data analyze is used. Unit root, Pedroni co-integration and FMOLS tests were applied with the order. As a result, the increase in patent applications and R&D investments was found to have a positive effect on economic growth.
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Sinha, Madhabendra, and Partha Pratim Sengupta. "Trends of FDI and Production in Service Sectors." In Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics, 334–45. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2361-1.ch017.

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The chapter investigates the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) on performances of Indian services at sector level. Service sector is marked as one of the fastest growing sectors in India, contributing more than 65 percent of GDP. The maximum share of FDI inflows in India is also captured by service sectors. So FDI inflows can have significant impacts on services. We collect quarterly data of components of services from GDP estimates of Central Statistical Office (CSO) and monthly data of sector wise FDI inflows from DIPP over the period January 2009 to March 2016 in India. After matching the data series, we form a balanced panel for four basic service sectors as classified by CSO. The stochastic properties are looked into by carrying out LLC and IPS panel unit root tests. Empirical results from the estimate of Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) suggest that FDI Inflows enhance performances of Indian services.
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Sinha, Madhabendra, and Partha Pratim Sengupta. "Trends of FDI and Production in Service Sectors." In Foreign Direct Investments, 1997–2008. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2448-0.ch089.

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The chapter investigates the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) on performances of Indian services at sector level. Service sector is marked as one of the fastest growing sectors in India, contributing more than 65 percent of GDP. The maximum share of FDI inflows in India is also captured by service sectors. So FDI inflows can have significant impacts on services. We collect quarterly data of components of services from GDP estimates of Central Statistical Office (CSO) and monthly data of sector wise FDI inflows from DIPP over the period January 2009 to March 2016 in India. After matching the data series, we form a balanced panel for four basic service sectors as classified by CSO. The stochastic properties are looked into by carrying out LLC and IPS panel unit root tests. Empirical results from the estimate of Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) suggest that FDI Inflows enhance performances of Indian services.
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Habacivch, Olivia A., Ryan A. Redilla, and James J. Jozefowicz. "The Convergence Behind the Curtain." In Applied Econometric Analysis, 89–120. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1093-3.ch005.

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This chapter extends applications of unconditional and conditional β-convergence and unconditional σ-convergence analysis to Part I crime rates in a panel data sample of Pennsylvania counties during the period 1990-2015. Temporal structural breaks at specific points in the business cycle during the time frame and spatial breakpoints between rural and urban counties in Pennsylvania are acknowledged in the analysis in order to avoid spurious inferences regarding convergence behavior. Unit-root testing is performed on measures of dispersion as well as directly on the underlying crime-rate series via panel-data tests for non-stationarity. The findings support the existence of both unconditional and conditional β-convergence in the pooled, urban, and rural samples during 1990-2015. Visual and statistical evidence reveals the presence of σ-convergence in the three samples across the time span as well. The comprehensive convergence analysis of appropriately disaggregated data performed in this study offers strong support for the predictions of modernization theory.
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Sinha, Madhabendra, Partha Mukhopadhyay, Anjan Ray Chaudhury, and Partha Pratim Sengupta. "Capturing the Performances of Self-Help Groups Across Indian States." In Microfinance and Its Impact on Entrepreneurial Development, Sustainability, and Inclusive Growth, 207–17. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5213-0.ch011.

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During last four-and-a-half decades, microfinance has been growing as an instrument of improving the condition of the poor people in India. According to the report of NABARD (2015-16), almost 101 million of families in India have been receiving the fruits of microfinance through 7.9 million self-help groups. Based upon this importance of microfinance, this chapter attempts to look at the long-run dynamics of the amount of saving and the disbursement of loans taken by the self-help groups across the states during 2007-08 to 2013-14. Using LLC and IPS unit root tests and the generalized method of moments, it assesses the performance of the self-help groups through the amounts of their savings, which is a unit root process, and takes it as the dependent variable with disbursement amount of loan taken by the self-help groups taken as the independent variable. On the basis of this panel data regression, the results show that there exists a significant association between the selected variables.
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Conference papers on the topic "Panel data unit root test"

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Güreşçi Pehlivan, Gülçin, Esra Ballı, and Muammer Tekeoğlu. "Purchasing Power Parity in Commonwealth of Independent States." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01011.

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The Purchasing Power Parity suggests that differences in relative prices in two countries move together with nominal exchange rates in the long run. This study examines the validity of PPP as transition economies for Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Purchasing Power Parity holds only when the real exchange rate is stationary in the equation. To test the stationary, we used both time series and panel data analysis. Testing unit root both with time series and panel data in this study, provides us double check of the results. We also test the cross sectional dependence to choose the appropriate panel unit root test. Our test statistics indicate that there is cross section dependence between countries. Hence, one needs to take into consideration the cross section dependence while undertaking unit root tests. Otherwise, the results would be biased. ADF and KPPS indicate that PPP cannot be accepted for the countries except for Russia. According to the panel unit root test results indicate that PPP does not hold for Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan except for Russia.
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Gül, Ekrem, Ahmet Kamacı, and Serkan Konya. "The Causal Relationship between Inflation and Unemployment: A Panel Cointegration and Causality Analysis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00861.

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Central Asian Republics have been facing high unemployment rates and inflation problems since they established. This work is based on the Phillips curve, which deals the opposite relationship between inflation and unemployment. In the article, unemployment rates and Consumer Price Index (CPI) are used. Within this work, the relationship between inflation and unemployment is examined by the panel data analysis for Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia and Turkey (1996-2012).We acquired the data of this work from the web site of the IMF. Panel Unit Root Tests are used in order to test stagnation of the data. Afterwards Cointegration Test and Panel Causality Test are used. After that panel cointegration and panel causality tests were made to learn if a cointegral relationship was occurred between inflation and unemployment rate or not. As a result of this study we done, the data level is not stable. Because of that reason, we took the difference of them. There is a one-sided causal relation from inflation to unemployment rates in Turkey and other countries.
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Çevik, Savaş, Ahmet Ay, and Mahamane Moutari Abdou Baoua. "Natural Resources Revenue, Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth: Panel Data Analysis for Sub-Saharan Africa Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02005.

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The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between natural resources revenue, fiscal policy and economic growth for 35 selected Sub-Saharan African countries. The panel data covering the periods of 1986-2014 was analyzed by using the fixed/random effect model estimation and the panel causality test. We also performed the panel unit root test in order to insure that our variables are stationary. The empirical results indicate that there is insignificant negative effect of natural resources revenue and bad fiscal policy on the economic growth. However, there is significant positive effect of capital formation on economic growth. We also found a bidirectional causality relationship between Natural resources rents and economic growth. There is also unidirectional causality link from government final consumption expenditure to Natural resources revenue and from Natural resources revenue to capital formation. These empirical results mean that Sub-Saharan African countries apply bad fiscal policy to improve the natural resource sector which does not efficiently contribute to the economic growth. This study suggests that countries of Sub-Saharan Africa must apply improved fiscal policy in order to add tax revenue to their total revenue; and they must also use the natural resources revenue in order to invest in other sectors such as education, manufacturing and agriculture.
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Çağlayan Akay, Ebru, Raziya Abdiyeva, and Zamira Oskonbaeva. "The Causal Relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence from Middle East and North Africa." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01284.

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Renewable energy plays a crucial role in increasing economic growth while reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The aim of this study is to examine the interaction between renewable energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions for selected Middle East and North Africa countries. For this aim, panel vector autoregression approach are used in the study. The annual data used in this study cover the period from 1988 to 2010 for Middle East and North Africa countries. Firstly, second generation unit root test are used to investigate stationarity properties of the variables and second generation panel cointegration test is applied to the data under consideration because of the cross-sectional dependence. Then a panel causality approach is proposed to examine the causal relationship between the variables. Finally, panel vector autoregression model, impulse-response and variance decomposition analysis are applied using generalized moment methods. The finding of this study shows that there is a bi-directional causality between growth and renewable energy consumption, which is consistent with the feedback hypothesis in terms of the energy consumption-growth nexus. It is found the evidence of unidirectional causality from carbon dioxide emissions to renewable energy consumption and from growth to carbon dioxide emissions. It is also found that the responses of growth to a shock of energy consumption are positive and the impact of renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions is negative.
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Kamacı, Ahmet, and Yener Oğan. "The Affects of Tourism Revenues on Economic Growth: A Panel Cointegration and Causality Analysis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00859.

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After the end of the Eastern Block, The Turkic republics tried to solve the problems with the help of Republic of Turkey which they felt near to them. With his international experiences Turkey became the leader of the Turkic republics. Tourism revenues which is in the current accounts of the balance of payments, contributes to the development of the country by encouring both the employment and the growth numbers. The main reason of this is that the revenues of the tourism is both the main source in the financement of the foreign deficit and the budget deficit. In this paper the revenues of tourism is analysed by cross country panel study for Azerbaijan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Macedonia with Turkey (1995-2011). We acquired the data of this work from the web site of the IMF. Unit root test was made to testing stability of data which are taken. After that cointegration and causality tests were made to learn if a cointegral relationship was occurred between the revenues of tourism and economic growth or not. As a result of this study we done, the data level is not stable. Because of that reason, we took the difference of them. In the study, we have been identified causal relationship between the revenues of tourism and economic growth in Turkey and other countries and we have been identified causal relationship between economic growth and the revenues of tourism in Turkey and other countries.
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Aytun, Cengiz, Cemil Serhat Akın, and Neşe Algan. "The Nexus between Environmental Degradation, Income and Energy Consumption in Emerging Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01679.

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Today, especially in developing countries, environmental pollution threatens human life. Environmental quality is one of the most important sources of human welfare. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the relationship between environmental degradation, income and energy consumption. The aim of this study is to investigate the nature of relationships among the carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth and energy consumption for emerging economies. For this purpose, Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis have been tested for 10 emerging economies for the years from 1980 to 2010. Data were brought together from the World Bank development indicators database. In order to test of Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis IPS panel unit root, Pedroni panel cointegration and FMOLS estimation methods are used. Results indicate that energy consumption has a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. Results indicate that energy consumption has a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. The findings also show that per capita GDP follows an inverted U-shape pattern associated with the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. This situation validates the policies which assert that environmental pollution decreases with income growth.
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Gerni, Cevat, Selahattin Sarı, Ömer Selçuk Emsen, and Burhan Kabadayı. "Foreign Direct Investment in Transition Economies: Is It Related to Export Expansion or Import Substitution?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00968.

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It is propounded that there are two motivations behind foreign direct investments (FDI). One of them is to invest in foreign countries because of trade barrier to export. In this case foreign investors operate in import substitution industries (ISI). The second fact to invest in another country away from homeland is to get benefit from cost advantages such as cheap labor and inputs, positioning closed to developed countries. With this aspect foreign investors operate in export oriented sectors (EOS). The economic consequences were discussed lighting on study’s aim examining the FDI to Transitions Countries whether are ISI or EOS. The foreign direct investments to Transitions Countries were investigated by panel data analysis. First and second generation unit root tests and cross section dependency tests were applied. Long and short term regressions were realized. The data set were obtained from Word Bank Data Base and annually data were collected between 1993 and 2012. Theoretically and statistically expected coefficients and coefficient’s sign for explanatory variables have been obtained. It is as a result observed that the countries have higher internal market potential to take foreign direct investments to import substitution industries. The countries close to developed economies have been drawing foreign direct investments to export oriented sectors.
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de Peretti, Christian, Carole Siani, and Mario Cerrato. "An artificial neural network based heterogeneous panel unit root test in case of cross sectional independence." In 2009 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2009 - Atlanta). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2009.5178885.

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Tufaner, Mustafa Batuhan, Fatma Dizge, and Zeynep Emir. "Health Expenditure-Economic Growth Relationship in OECD Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02370.

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Capital accumulation is one of the most important components of economic growth. Health expenditure is also one of the ways to increase capital accumulation and thus economic growth. Therefore, the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth is of great importance especially for developing countries. In this context, the relationship between health expenditures and economic growth was investigated for the period 2000-2016 and for 36 OECD countries. For this purpose, firstly unit root tests were performed in the study and then panel cointegration and panel causality tests were applied to determine the relationship between the two variables. Since there was a cross-sectional dependence in the variables, second-generation panel tests were used. As a result of the cointegration test, it is understood that there is no cointegration relationship between health expenditures and economic growth. The panel causality test revealed that there was no causality from health expenditures to economic growth, but there was a causality relationship from economic growth to health expenditures. Findings from the study show that health expenditure does not affect economic growth, but economic growth increases health expenditure in the short term. Therefore, it can be stated that developing countries have the advantage of time to increase the quality of health services.
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Ağayev, Seymur. "The Validity of Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis for Kazakhstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00594.

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The article examines the validity of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) hypothesis for Kazakhstan by using the data set belonging to the period January 1995 to December 2012. Both linear and nonlinear unit root tests are used to make an econometrical investigation on stationarity characteristics of real exchange rate series of Kazakhstan’s Tenge that defined according to different foreign countries or country groups. First of two nonlinear unit root tests that applied in this paper models structural change as a smooth transition and the other nonlinear unit root test takes into account both structural change and asymmetric adjustment characteristics of real exchange rates. Linear unit root test findings support the validity of the PPP hypothesis between Kazakhstan and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries. In addition to this finding, unit root tests that allow for nonlinear adjustment support evidences on stationarity of Tenge – US dollar real exchange rate, Tenge – Euro real exchange rate and Tenge’s non-CIS related real effective exchange rate series. As a whole, findings of this study provide a strong support on the validity of PPP hypothesis for Kazakhstan. Furthermore, it is also shows that the nonlinear adjustment characteristics of real exchange rate should be taken into account, if foreign countries are represented by free market economies.
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