Academic literature on the topic 'Pangolin'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pangolin"
1
Mouafo, Alain D. T., Daniel J. Ingram, Romaric Tegang Pagning, Itoe Constantine Nfor Ngwayi, and Theodore B. Mayaka. "Local Knowledge and Use of Pangolins by Culturally Diverse Communities in the Forest-Savannah Transition Area of Cameroon." Tropical Conservation Science 14 (January 2021): 194008292110281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19400829211028138.
Full textAbstract:
Information about the presence and population status of pangolins, and the threats they face, remains limited in many parts of Cameroon, a country that is home to three species of pangolin and considered to be a global hub of pangolin trafficking. Local communities living in rural areas can provide valuable information on species presence, local uses of wildlife, and possible threats, that is useful for prioritising conservation actions. Using interview surveys in 20 villages surrounding Mbam and Djerem National Park, we investigated local peoples’ knowledge of pangolin presence, perceptions of population trends, cultural importance, consumptive and non-consumptive uses, and hunting of pangolins. Our results showed that most people recognised the white-bellied and giant pangolins, but only 10% recognised the black-bellied pangolin. Ethnolinguistic group significantly affected the likelihood of respondents recognising and having seen a pangolin before. Giant pangolin populations were perceived to be declining, particularly by older respondents. We found evidence of local use of pangolins for meat, but few respondents reported uses of scales. Cultural significance was reported by few respondents, but when it was reported it mostly referred to giant pangolin. White-bellied pangolins are reportedly hunted using bare hands for local consumption most frequently, whilst giant pangolins were mainly hunted for local consumption and income generation using wire snares. Overall, our study shows the possible value of local knowledge for planning and prioritising conservation actions for pangolins. We highlight the urgent need to monitor pangolin populations, and assess the possible impacts to pangolins from threats such as hunting.
2
Omifolaji, James Kehinde, Alice C. Hughes, Abubakar Sadiq Ibrahim, et al. "Dissecting the illegal pangolin trade in China: An insight from seizures data reports." Nature Conservation 46 (January 14, 2022): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.45.57962.
Full textAbstract:
Wildlife trafficking poses a major threat to global biodiversity. Species such as pangolins are particularly vulnerable and trade continues almost unabated despite numerous interventions aimed at eradicating illegal wildlife trade. Despite restrictions on the pangolin trade, thousands of pangolins continue to be intercepted annually. We focused on China because of the recent delisting of pangolins from the Chinese pharmacopeia, and their removal from healthcare insurance, despite deeply ingrained traditions of having pangolins for ethno-medicinal use. We collated pangolin interception data from public online media seizure reports to characterize the pangolin trade within China, and found that a total of 326 independent seizures equivalent to 143,130 pangolins (31,676 individuals and 222,908 kg of scale) were reported in 26 provinces. Pangolin domestic seizures are greatest in the southern cities of Dehong, Fangchenggang, and Guangzhou. Also, we found 17 countries within the global pangolins range which were the major source of the pangolin shipments to China. The number of arrests and convictions was much lower than the number of pangolin incidents reported. Our results show a significant increase in the volume of scales and number of live pangolin seizures after amended endangered species law came into effect in 2018, and recorded the highest number of individual pangolin interceptions. China has shown increasing wildlife seizures over time, owing partly to emergent trends in the international wildlife trade as well as increasing global demand for ethnomedicine. The future eradication of illegal wildlife trade in China is dependent not only on stringent border control and offender prosecution but also the; removal of other threatened species from the pharmacopeia and healthcare insurance which includes wildlife derivatives. Furthermore, our work highlights importance of current policy intervention to combat the pangolin trade within China, and the need for further interventions both within China and in export countries.
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Perera, Priyan, Hirusha Randimal Algewatta, and Buddhika Vidanage. "Record of the world’s biggest pangolin? New observations of bodyweight and total body length of the Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata Gray, 1827 (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae) from Mannar District, Sri Lanka." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 1 (2021): 17564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6461.13.1.17564-17568.
Full textAbstract:
The Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata is one of the eight extant pangolin species in the world, occurring in the Indian subcontinent and is the solitary pangolin species recorded in Sri Lanka. Little is known about the intra-specific morphometric variations of the Indian Pangolin, largely due to the limited observations. In this note, we report the morphometrics of the largest Indian Pangolin recorded so far in its range, and consequently the largest pangolin ever to be recorded according to published information. These records along with observations from other range countries provide novel insights into the maximum growth of male Indian Pangolins.
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Sodeinde, Olufemi A., and Segun R. Adedipe. "Pangolins in south-west Nigeria – current status and prognosis." Oryx 28, no. 1 (1994): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300028283.
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Despite being officially listed as endangered in Nigeria, pangolins are still hunted in Ogun State, where deforestation has fragmented and reduced their forest habitat. To investigate pangolin status in the state, the authors interviewed hunters, forest workers and market traders selling wild animals or their parts for medicinal use. The authors also counted pangolins stocked by market traders during weekly visits to markets in six towns/villages. Only one of Nigeria's three pangolin species, Manis tricuspis, was encountered frequently. Hunters' reports and evidence of forest destruction suggest that even this species is becoming rare. An estimate of extinction-susceptibility shows that pangolins are at fairly high risk. Creation of sanctuaries for pangolins and other important sympatric vertebrates in forest relicts in south-west Nigeria and the establishment of semicaptive pangolin populations are advocated.
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Tseng, Wei-Chun, Ya-Chu Yang, Yun-Ju Chen, and Yung-Chih Chen. "Estimating the Willingness to Pay for Eco-Labeled Products of Formosan Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla) Conservation." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (2021): 9779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179779.
Full textAbstract:
Pangolins are currently the most smuggled mammals in the world. Meanwhile, Taiwan has demonstrated the world’s first case of the use of artificial feeding to raise pangolins to adulthood. The government has also begun to cooperate with farmers in pangolin-spotted areas. Agricultural products can earn the green label once they have passed the evaluation. The challenge is that very few farms have obtained the pangolin-friendly label so far. Our hypothesis is that farmers lack the knowledge that consumers would pay additional money for products that are labeled pangolin-friendly compared to regular ones. Thus, farmers have an insufficient incentive to apply for this label. This research aims to fill this gap by providing people with the necessary knowledge. Contingent valuation with the single-bounded dichotomous choice format was used, which involved investigating 417 valid observations. We found the following: (1) customers are willing to pay about 8.06 USD for pangolin-friendly rice (an increase of 397% in relation to the mean price of rice); (2) customers are willing to pay for about 11.46 USD for pangolin-friendly tea (an increase of 179% in relation to the mean price of tea); and (3) customers are willing to pay about 25.81 USD for pangolin-friendly coffee (an increase of 509% in relation to the mean price of coffee). Our findings give farmers more incentive to conduct eco-friendly production. Consequently, the quality of agricultural products as well as the habitats of endangered pangolins improve. Thus, consumers’ health, the environment, and the future of pangolin conservation can benefit in this attempt to achieve sustainability.
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Akrim, Faraz, Tariq Mahmood, Riaz Hussain, Siddiqa Qasim, and Imad-ul-din Zangi. "Distribution pattern, population estimation and threats to the Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae) in and around Pir Lasura National Park, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 3 (2017): 9920. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2914.9.3.9920-9927.
Full textAbstract:
Baseline knowledge of distribution and abundance of a species whose population is facing decline throughout its distribution range is vital for its conservation planning. Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) is such a species which is Imperiled and lacking key biological studies in northern locale of Pakistan. We investigated distribution, abundance and threats faced by Indian pangolin in Pir Lasura National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Indian pangolin has patchy distribution in and around the Park ranging from 590m-1540m elevation. A very low population (0.77±0.34 individuals/km2) of Indian pangolin were recorded from the Park. Local perception towards Indian pangolin was to a great extent negative. Slaughtering record of 446 pangolins were gathered. We recovered 12 dead pangolins, 10 jackets of scales. Furthermore, selling of 26 kg scales, 111 live pangolin captures and 313 killings were reported during 2013-2015. Local hunters were mainly involved in capturing and killing of Indian pangolin 90%, local farmers 8% (n=22) and labor 1%. We propose more studies ought to be led to improve comprehension of species and mindfulness instruction programs both by government and private sectors, to taught local communities living in and around Pir Lasura National Park for getting support for the species and to change their demeanors.
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Xie, Xuena, Haoting Ye, Xuan Cai, et al. "DNA Mini-Barcodes, a Potential Weapon for Conservation and Combating Illegal Trade of Pangolin." Tropical Conservation Science 14 (January 2021): 194008292110173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19400829211017361.
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Background Smuggling and illegal trade of pangolins and their scales has drastically reduced the wild population of pangolins. Accurate species identification is currently in urgent need as a powerful weapon for combating pangolin smuggling and trade and conserving the already endangered pangolin species. Aim of the study To develop an efficient method based on DNA mini-barcodes for accurate pangolin species identification and authentication of processed pangolin scales against the non-target species. Materials and methods The primers for amplifying the DNA mini-barcodes were designed based on cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragments. The mini-barcodes were compared with the two universal barcodes (COI and Cytb) for performance in pangolin species identification by calculating the Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) distance, assessing the clustering dendrogram, and analyzing the BLAST similarity and barcoding gap. The accuracy of the three barcodes was also compared for authentication of pangolin scales against non-target species. Results Comparison of the three barcodes showed that the mini-barcode form COI had the highest amplification success rate (100%) and high variable sites (40.0%), with the ratio of mean inter- to intraspecific distance ratio was 25 and a distinct DNA barcoding gap. In the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree constructed based on the mini-barcode regions, each species of the pangolin family formed an obvious clade respectively, and the clades were all separated from those of the non-target species, indicating that the genetic information in the mini-barcode was sufficient for species identification. Conclusion The DNA mini-barcodes based on COI gene fragments provide an effective and accurate method for identification of pangolin species and authentication of pangolin scale products.
8
Mouafo, Alain D. T., Daniel J. Ingram, Valery A. Binda, Itoe Constantine N. Ngwayi, and Theodore B. Mayaka. "Not Just an Issue in Forested Regions: Investigating the Consumption and Trade of Pangolins in a Forest-Savannah Mosaic Area of Cameroon." Tropical Conservation Science 15 (January 2022): 194008292211148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19400829221114845.
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Background and research aims Cameroon hosts three species of pangolins and has recently been identified as a hub of pangolin trafficking. However, information on threats to pangolins needed to guide conservation efforts remains scarce, notably on consumption and trade patterns, and the prevalence of individuals trading pangolins. Local communities sharing the same habitats with pangolins can provide such information, which is useful to better target interventions. Methods Based on a snowball sampling approach and using interview surveys in 20 villages surrounding Mbam et Djerem National Park, we investigated the consumption of pangolins and its drivers, parts sold, selling prices, places sold and buyers, and employed the nominative technique to estimate the percentage of people within the surveyed population engaged in selling pangolins. Results Our results showed that both giant and white-bellied pangolins are locally consumed, mainly for their taste, and traded for meat and scales. Distance to the capital city Yaoundé, ethnolinguistic group, and education significantly affected the likelihood of consuming or trading white-bellied and giant pangolins. Selling and prices of giant pangolin meat and scales were significantly affected by distance to Yaoundé. The prevalence of people selling white-bellied and giant pangolins were higher in Tibati and Yoko compared to other municipalities. Implications for conservation Overall, our study provided information necessary for effective law enforcement and research-oriented decision-making for pangolin conservation. We recommend the establishment of consumption reduction campaigns focusing on taste preference, investigation of the impacts of the newly constructed national road on pangolin supply chains and trafficking, and increasing the involvement of local communities in the management process of Mbam et Djerem National Park.
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D’Cruze, Neil, Bhagat Singh, Aniruddha Mookerjee, Lauren A. Harrington, and David W. Macdonald. "A socio-economic survey of pangolin hunting in Assam, Northeast India." Nature Conservation 30 (December 3, 2018): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.30.27379.
Full textAbstract:
India has been identified as a source country for the illegal international trade in endangered pangolins, “scaly mammalian anteaters”, widely considered as the “world’s most trafficked mammal”. In this study, we investigated the involvement of hunters belonging principally to three locally prominent tribes (Biate, Dimasa and Karbi) in Assam State, Northeast India. Based on the results of interviews with 141 individuals, we conclude that all three tribal groups engaged in pangolin hunting between 2011 and 2016. Although pangolin meat is used locally, we found that hunters largely targeted pangolins for their scales and that substantial commercial gain via urban middlemen has now supplanted low-level traditional use as the primary driver for this activity. On average, each hunter captured one pangolin per year with the potential to earn 9,000 INR (135 USD) for a single animal (equating to approximately four months average income). The majority of hunters (89%) stated that pangolins were less abundant than they were five years ago, which suggests off-take is unsustainable. All hunters interviewed appeared to hunt pangolins occasionally, regardless of tribe, demography or income, which suggests that any mitigation strategy should focus on rural hunters. Whilst interventions to reduce poverty are no doubt required, we argue that such interventions alone are unlikely to be effective in reducing pangolin hunting. Rather, there is a need for co-ordinated packages of mutually reinforcing interventions to address this pangolin hunting in a more comprehensive manner. In particular, implementing a demand reduction strategy targeting urban consumers is urgently required.
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Wang, Xin-Mei, Geert P. J. Janssens, Chun-Gang Xie, et al. "To Save Pangolins: A Nutritional Perspective." Animals 12, no. 22 (2022): 3137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12223137.
Full textAbstract:
Pangolins are one of the world’s most trafficked mammals. Since pangolins are highly adapted to ants and termites, they are important for controlling forest termite infestations. In addition to their ecological value, pangolins have economic and medicinal value. Currently, poaching and habitat destruction have radically reduced the number of pangolins, and Manis pentadactyla, Manis javanica, and Manis culionensis are now considered the most threatened pangolin species. In addition to the control of hunting and illegal trade, ex situ breeding is also a useful conservation method. However, many technical obstacles still limit the success of ex situ pangolin breeding. The special feeding traits of pangolins require a diet that meets nutritional and ethological needs. Based on the existing literature and practical experience, this review aims to compare the natural diet and successful diet in the human care of pangolins, to outline the key factors of successful ex situ maintenance from a dietary perspective, and the strategies to improve their conservation success in animal care centers and in the wild. The type of food used in successful pangolin protection agencies is quite variable in nutritional composition. In the diet of pangolins in the wild, the nutrient profile of different species of termites and ants and even the same species of termites and ants but different types (queens, soldiers, etc.) also displays differences. The crude protein content of some ants is higher than that of other foods, such as eggs, milk, and common cat food. The mineral and vitamin concentrations of ants also exceed many common food items, such as oil, meat, and eggs. However, not much is known about the bioavailability of minerals from ants and termites. Based on comparisons between foods, it is clear that the main difference between diets in the wild and in human care of pangolins is that the latter contains fewer insects and vitamins, such as vitamin E, vitamin A, and vitamin B2, and more carbohydrates and non-protein substances than the former. Although many successful dietary formulae have been developed, the pangolin’s nutritional needs are still less well studied. A diet with the nutrient concentrations observed in the wild may add to successful ex situ conservation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pangolin"
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Marcetteau, Julien. "Le rôle de la petite protéine G Arf6 dans le développement de la Drosophile." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2021COAZ6016.
Full textAbstract:
Les voies de signalisation Wnt et Notch représentent deux des principales voies essentielles à la détermination des destins cellulaires au cours du développement de tous les métazoaires. De nombreux composants et mécanismes conservés de ces voies ont été décrits grâce aux travaux effectués sur l'aile de la Drosophile. Le motif précis de la marge de l'aile est établi à travers l'activité synergique et séquentielle de la signalisation Notch (N) et Wingless (Wg), et des défauts dans l'une ou l'autre de ces voies entraînent des phénotypes caractéristiques. Il a déjà été suggéré que la petite protéine G, Arf6, agit en amont dans la signalisation Wnt in vitro, mais la pertinence in vivo de ces résultats n’a pas encore été évaluée. Cette thèse aborde le rôle physiologique de Arf6 dans la signalisation Wg en utilisant le modèle d'aile de la Drosophile. Je décris un phénotype dominant présent dans les marges de l'aile des mutants Arf6, et je montre que Arf6 agit de manière autonome dans la transduction de la voie de signalisation Wg, spécifiquement pour l'activation de la signalisation de haut niveau. Les ailes des mutants Arf6 sont caractérisées par une perte des soies de la marge alaire dans toute la marge alaire, et une perte correspondante des cellules proneurales exprimant senseless, des deux côtés de la marge alaire. À travers une série d'expériences d'épistasie, je démontre que le phénotype Arf6 est indépendant du complexe de destruction de la β-caténine, et que Arf6 est nécessaire en aval de la stabilisation d'Armadillo (Arm), au niveau de l'activité de l'enhanceosome. La capacité de Arm stabilisé et tronqué au niveau de son extrémité N-terminale, à induire l'expression de sens et la formation de soies ectopiques est supprimée de manière dominante dans les ailes des mutants Arf6, et Arm stabilisé n’est pas capable de sauver la perte de soies dans la marge de l'aile. J'ai généré une forme constitutivement activée de Pangolin (orthologue de TCF/LEF) et j’ai constaté qu'elle est capable de sauver le phénotype Arf6. J'ai découvert que Arf6 régule la signalisation Wg, au moins partiellement, via Pavarotti, une protéine de la famille des kinésines. J’ai identifié également un nouveau rôle putatif pour Arf6 dans la signalisation Notch, qui est largement indépendant de son rôle dans la signalisation Wg. Mes résultats établissent un nouveau cadre pour la régulation de la transduction du signal Wg par Arf6 et fournissent un aperçu des processus de médiation de la signalisation de haut niveau au cours du développement<br>The Wnt and Notch signalling pathways represent two of the core pathways critical to the determination of cell fates during the development of all metazoa. Many conserved components and mechanisms of these pathways have been described through work carried out using the Drosophila wing model. The precise patterning of the wing margin is achieved through the concerted and sequential activity of the Notch (N) and Wingless (Wg) signalling, and defects in either pathway leads to characteristic phenotypes. The small GTP binding protein Arf6 has previously been suggested to act in upstream steps in Wnt signalling through in vitro studies, but the developmental, in vivo relevance of these findings has not been assessed. This thesis addresses the physiological role of Arf6 in Wingless signalling using the Drosophila wing model. I describe a dominant phenotype present in the wing margins of Arf6 mutants, and show that Arf6 acts cell autonomously in the transduction of the Wg signalling pathway, specifically for the activation of high-level signalling. Arf6 mutant wings are characterised by a loss of wing margin bristles throughout the wing margin, and a corresponding loss of the Senseless-positive proneural clusters that flank the prospective wing margin. Through a series of epistasis experiments, I demonstrate that the Arf6 phenotype is independent of the β-catenin destruction complex, and that Arf6 is required downstream of Armadillo (Arm) stabilisation, at the level of enhanceosome activity. The ability of N-terminally truncated, stabilised Arm to induce sens expression and ectopic bristles is dominantly suppressed in Arf6 mutant wings, and it is unable to rescue the loss of bristles in the wing margin. I generated a constitutively activated form of the Pangolin (TCF/LEF orthologue) and find that it is able to rescue the Arf6 phenotype. I find that Arf6 likely regulates downstream processes in Wg signalling, at least in part, through the kinesin-like protein Pavarotti. I also identify a novel, putative role for Arf6 in Notch signalling that is broadly independent of its role in Wg signalling. My findings establish new framework for the regulation of Wg signal transduction by Arf6 and provide an insight into the processes mediating high level Wg signalling during developmental patterning
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Kempen, Sarah. "Depression, Burnout, Coping Mechanisms and Resilience amongst Temmincks Pangolin Conservationists." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78515.
Full textAbstract:
Temmincks pangolins are the world’s most trafficked mammal. This animal is unique to Southern Africa, and just as rare are the conservationists who are working against all odds to save this species from extinction. While the incidence of poaching within South Africa is increasing, as is the value of a pangolin, the conservation workspace is rapidly becoming increasingly dangerous. In light of the above, one cannot help but be concerned for the well-being of the pangolin conservationists. Despite engaging in meaningful work, the conservationists are exposing themselves to prolonged stress that is likely to impact their well-being. The purpose of this study is to explore the well-being of Temmincks pangolin conservationists in terms of state and trait depression as well as burnout. Furthermore, the study aims to understand whether coping mechanisms or resilience mitigate the effect of the potential depression and burnout. Therefore, a sequential explanatory mixed-method design was adopted for this study. The quantitative data was gathered using the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS), the State Trait Personality Inventory Form Y (STPI-Y) depression subscale, the Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE) questionnaire and the Predictive 6 Factor Resilience Scale (PR6). The qualitative data was collected utilising a semi-structured interview. Results indicated that the participants were currently experiencing both state and trait depression. Additionally, a third of the sample is at risk of developing burnout. In spite of this, the participants displayed the presence of goal focus, tenacity and collaborative spirit. These elements of resilience were shown to assist the conservationists to persist through adversity. The participants also showed the use of effective coping mechanisms, namely; accepting, planning and critically engaging with perceived stressors. These coping mechanisms were shown to enhance the presence of the resilience indicators. Thus, despite depression and burnout
impacting negatively on their well-being, the participants are utilising coping mechanisms and resilience which enhances their well-being. Recommendations included a developmental workshop focusing on fostering effective coping mechanisms to build stronger resilience and ward off potential burnout and possibly ameliorate current depression experiences.<br>Dissertation (MA (Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>Psychology<br>MA (Psychology)<br>Unrestricted
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Boakye, MK, A. Kotze, DL Dalton, and R. Jansen. "Unravelling the Pangolin Bushmeat Commodity Chain and the Extent of Trade in Ghana." Human Ecology An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2015. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001824.
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Abstract
Pangolins (Pholidota: Manidae) are frequently
hunted as a source of bushmeat in Ghana. However, no information
exists with regards to the level of trade of pangolins
outside of major bushmeat market surveys in Ghana. The aim
of this study was to determine the level of trade among other
stakeholders in the bushmeat commodity chain for pangolins
in Ghana. Data were collected from 153 stakeholders using
semi-structured interviews and direct observation between
September 2013 and January 2014. A total of 341 pangolins
were recorded to have been traded in this study period. The
white-bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis) represented
82 % and the black-bellied pangolin (Phataginus tetradactyla)
18 % of the observed pangolins traded by the stakeholders.
Chopbar operators accounted for the highest retailer sales to
consumers. The number of pangolins traded was negatively
correlated to the distance between settlements and protected
forest regions. The levels of pangolin trade were previously
underestimated in Ghana as the pangolin bushmeat commodity
chain does not form the supply chain to the major bushmeat markets where most surveys were undertaken. The Wildlife
Conservation Act of 1971 (LI 685) that prohibits the hunting
of pangolins can be regarded as ineffective and not serving as a
deterrent to poaching.
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Pietersen, Darren William. "Behavioural ecology and conservation biology of ground pangolins Smutsia temminckii in the Kalahari Desert." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/36779.
Full textAbstract:
Ground pangolins Smutsia temminckii are inconspicuous, mainly nocturnal mammals
that occur at low population densities. As a result, there is scant information available
on the ecology and physiology of this species. To date the handful of studies
focussing on this species were centred in the mesic eastern regions of its range, with
no attention being given to ecological and biological traits in arid environments. To
address these data shortfalls, a study was undertaken in the Kalahari Desert in northwestern
South Africa. Very High Frequency (VHF) transmitters or Global Positioning
System (GPS) loggers were fitted to 16 ground pangolins and their ecology and
physiology studied over a period of three years.
Throughout its range the ground pangolin is increasingly endangered, predominantly
due to anthropogenic threats. Previous studies have identified threats facing this
species, but very few of these studies included quantitative data as to the extent of
these threats. The present study suggests that the main threats to ground pangolins
in southern Africa are electrocution on electrified fences, the traditional medicine
trade, habitat loss, road mortalities and capture in gin traps. Although accidental
poisoning has previously been viewed as a threat, a review of the available literature
suggests that this is not the case and that these views stemmed from two isolated
incidents of captive animals. Electrocutions probably pose the greatest threat to
ground pangolins, with mortality rates of one pangolin per 11 km of electrified fence
per year recorded during this study.
Home range sizes of this arid-zone population are comparable to the home range
sizes recorded in mesic populations. Study animals in the Kalahari had Minimum
Convex Polygon (MCP) home range values of 10.0 ± 8.9 km² SD for adults and 7.1 ±
1.1 km² SD for juveniles, in comparison to the 0.17 – 23.38 km² MCP in Zimbabwe
and 1.3 – 7.9 km2 MCP in mesic north-eastern South Africa. These results are
surprising as arid-zone animals usually have larger home ranges than do their mesic
counterparts. It is hypothesised that this discrepancy is due to the fact that ground
pangolins in the Kalahari are on average 25 – 30 % smaller than their mesic
counterparts. This smaller body size means that individuals require a smaller home
range to meet their dietary requirements, which could be counteracting the trend of
arid-zone individuals requiring larger home ranges.
This research also found ground pangolins to be more active during the day in winter
and nearly entirely nocturnal during summer. These changes in photoperiodicity are
likely driven by adaptations to the extreme climatic conditions present at the study
site rather than predation pressure or changes in food resources, although the latter
may be playing a role as well. By being diurnal in winter, individuals avoid the
extremely cold night-time temperatures, thus saving energy that would otherwise be
spent on maintaining their body temperature. By contrast, becoming nocturnal in
summer allows them to avoid the extreme daytime temperatures, thus conserving
water.
The results of this study reiterate previous findings that ground pangolins are entirely
myrmecophagous and highly selective of the species that they eat. Study animals
were recorded feeding on only four ant and two termite species, representing 7.5 %
and 50 % of the total species richness of each of these families. This is similar to
previous research in mesic savannahs where five ant one termite species constituted
97 % of the ground pangolin’s diet. No seasonal differences in prey selection were
observed, although the species consumed did depend on the habitats that were
available to individual ground pangolins.
This study is the first to investigate the core body temperature (Tb) of a free-ranging
pangolin. These data indicated that Tb fluctuated cyclically between 32 – 35 °C and
reflected the activity periods of the animal, peaking when the animal was active.
When the individual was inactive, Tb steadily decreased, suggesting that it used daily
heterothermy to cope with the low food availability in this unpredictable environment.
In summary, ecological parameters between arid and mesic ground pangolin
populations are similar in some respects, but divergent in others. Arid-zone
populations are smaller overall and show a higher degree of diurnal activity. Despite
this smaller body size, home range values appear to be similar between arid and
mesic populations. Although the prey species eaten by ground pangolins in the
Kalahari differ from prey species in eastern South Africa and Zimbabwe, they
belonged to the same genera and were of similar morphology and ecology. The core
body temperature results confirm findings from previous captive studies that pangolin
body temperatures are lower than those of other eutherian mammals of a similar size. Furthermore, these data indicate that core body temperature is a lot more
variable than previously believed, and thus warrants further study. Overall ground
pangolin densities in the Kalahari appear to be double those in eastern South Africa
and Zimbabwe, although it is unclear whether this is genuine or whether it is an
artefact of individuals being easier to locate in the Kalahari. This study also confirmed
that electrocutions are probably the greatest threat to this species, and new threats
such as accidental capture in gin traps and road mortalities have also come to light.<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013.<br>gm2014<br>Zoology and Entomology<br>unrestricted
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Tikam, Kanitta [Verfasser]. "Evaluation of pangola grass as forage for ruminants / Kanitta Tikam." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054752222/34.
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SILVA, Jadilson de Araújo. "Características estruturais de gramíneas e desempenho animal em pastagens sob lotação intermitente e adubação nitrogenada no agreste semiárido de Pernambuco." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6122.
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Previous issue date: 2012-07-31<br>In the Agreste of Pernambuco, Brazil, although many forage species are used in the pastures formation, such as pangola grass (Digitaria pentzi Stent.), sabi grass [Urochloa mosambicensis (Hackel) Dandy] and the capim-de-raiz (Chloris orthonoton Doell), there are few studies on the growth and productive responses in these plants when managed under grazing. Such studies are of great importance because it represents the starting point for understanding the responses of these plants, as well as its adaptive mechanisms, the management of pasture and semiarid environment. The objective of this study was evaluate the structural characteristics and animal performance on pasture deferred formed by grass aforementioned under nitrogen fertilization (0, 80 and 100 kg / ha) and managed under intermittent grazing in semiarid Agreste of Pernambuco. The grazing cycle was 42 days, with 14 days of grazing and 28 days of rest. The animals used in the experiment were sheep with average live weight of 25 kg. The experimental design was randomized block with split plots. In the pre-grazing, the capim-de-raiz presented had higher total forage density (102.30 kg DM/cm/ha) than the sabi grass (73.86 kg DM/cm/ha). For total forage mass and leaf blades mass, the sabi grass had lower forage and leaf blades mass (4257.67 and 1572.00 kg DM/ha) than the pangola grass (6185.48 and 2371.57 kg DM/ha) and capim-de-raiz (6153.92 and 2181.50 kg DM/ha). Regarding the effect of N levels on the structural characteristics of the pre-grazing, it was found that nitrogen fertilization of 80 kg/ha/year resulted in a smaller pasture height, greater total forage and leaf blades mass, as well as higher total forage density. In the post-grazing, forage density was higher for the pangola grass (97.89 kg DM/cm/ha), while the level of 160 kg N/ha/year provided less forage density when compared to the absence of nitrogen fertilization. As for animal performance, the pangola grass provided greater weight gain per animal and per hectare, with averages of 0.19 kg LW/animal/day and 8.3 kg LW/ha/day, respectively. The pangola grass showed better structural characteristics under grazing and provided greater animal performance when compared to capim-corrente and capim-de-raiz. Nitrogen fertilization with 80 kg/ha/year provided favorable structural characteristics in grasses. Although affect the structural characteristics of grasses under grazing, nitrogen fertilization did not affect animal performance.<br>No Agreste de Pernambuco, apesar de muitas espécies forrageiras serem utilizadas na formação das pastagens, tais como o capim-pangolão (Digitaria pentzi Stent.), capim-corrente [Urochloa mosambicensis (Hackel) Dandy] e o capim-de-raiz (Chloris orthonoton Doell), há carência de estudos sobre as respostas no crescimento e produtivas destas plantas quando manejadas sob pastejo. Tais estudos assumem grande importância, pois representa o ponto de partida para o entendimento das respostas destas plantas, bem como de seus mecanismos adaptativos, ao manejo da pastagem e ao ambiente semiárido. Objetivou-se avaliar características estruturais e desempenho animal em pastagens diferidas formadas pelas gramíneas citadas acima sob adubação nitrogenada (0, 80 e 100 kg/ha) e manejadas sob lotação intermitente no Agreste semiárido de Pernambuco. O ciclo de pastejo foi de 42 dias, com 14 dias de pastejo e 28 dias de descanso. Os animais utilizados no experimento foram ovinos SRD inteiros, com peso vivo médio de 25 kg. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas. No pré-pastejo, o capim-de-raiz apresentou maior densidade de forragem total (102,30 kg de MS/cm/ha) do que o capim corrente (73,86 kg de MS/cm/ha). Quanto a massa de forragem total e de lâminas foliares, o capim-corrente apresentou menor massa de forragem (4257,67 e 1572,00 kg de MS/ha) do que o capim pangolão (6185,48 e 2371,57 kg de MS/ha) e o capim de raiz (6153,92 e 2181,50 kg de MS/ha). Em relação ao efeito dos níveis de N sobre as características estruturais no pré-pastejo, foi verificado que a adubação nitrogenada de 80 kg/ha/ano proporcionou menor altura do pasto, maior massa de forragem total e de lâminas foliares, bem como maior densidade de forragem total. No pós-pastejo, a densidade de forragem total foi maior para o capim-pangolão (97,89 kg de MS/cm/ha), enquanto o nível de 160 kg de N/ha/ano proporcionou menor densidade de forragem total quando comparado à ausência de adubação. Quanto ao desempenho animal, o capim-pangolão proporcionou maior ganho de peso vivo por animal e por área, com médias de 0,19 kg de PV/animal/dia e 8,3 kg de PV/ha/dia, respectivamente. O capim-pangolão apresentou melhores características estruturais sob pastejo e proporcionou maior desempenho animal quando comparado ao capim-de-raiz e ao capim corrente. A adubação nitrogenada com 80 kg/ha/ano proporcionou características estruturais favoráveis nas gramíneas. A adubação nitrogenada, apesar de afetar as características estruturais das gramíneas sob pastejo, não influenciou o desempenho animal.
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Ferreira-Cardoso, Sérgio. "Morphological convergence and dental simplification in myrmecophagous placentals." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG066.
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Cette thèse porte sur la convergence morphologique du crâne des mammifères placentaires myrmécophages qui se nourrissent principalement de fourmis et de termites. Les objectifs ici sont de caractériser la réduction dentaire, les patrons de covariance et la variation morphologique du crâne, et d'explorer leur lien avec les pressions sélectives associées à la myrmécophagie.Le premier chapitre se concentre sur les variations évolutives, ontogénétiques et statiques du crâne des pangolins, un groupe d'animaux myrmécophages qui comprend les espèces de mammifères les plus menacées sur Terre. La délimitation morphologique entre sept des huit espèces de pangolins est démontrée. Leurs trajectoires allométriques ontogénétiques sont décrites et l’influence des variations de taille sur la systématique du groupe sont discutées. De plus, la variation intraspécifique était en partie associée au caractère distinctif moléculaire d'espèces cryptiques récemment divergentes au sein du pangolin à petites écailles. Ces résultats ont été obtenus à l'aide de méthodes morphométriques géométriques tridimensionnelles.Le deuxième chapitre était consacré à l'anatomie comparée de la mandibule et de l'appareil masticateur. Tout d'abord, l'anatomie interne de la mandibule a été étudiée sur un échantillon comparatif de mammifères placentaires par microtomographie et histologie. Les structures supposément associées à l'innervation des dents (canalicules dorsaux) sont présents chez les fourmiliers édentés, alors qu'elles sont absentes chez les pangolins également édentés. L'anatomie comparative intra- et interspécifique permet de : i) montrer que les canalicules dorsaux sont invariablement présents chez les fourmiliers ; ii) confirmer la relation entre les canalicules dorsaux et le développement dentaire précoce ; iii) montrer l'évolution indépendante des canalicules dorsaux chez les fourmiliers et les baleines à fanons. Les canalicules dorsaux sont vascularisés et innervés chez le fourmilier à collier, malgré la perte de ses dents. Ceci suggère, qu'en dépit de la perte des dents, l'innervation de la pulpe dentaire a probablement gardé un rôle sensoriel sur la partie dorsale de la mandibule des fourmiliers. La deuxième partie du chapitre 2 est consacrée à l'anatomie comparée de la musculature de la tête des trois genres de fourmiliers actuels. Les dissections classiques et numériques ont confirmé la réduction de l'appareil masticateur des fourmiliers. L'appareil masticateur du fourmilier pygmée est très différent de celui des deux autres genres. Une comparaison avec les musculatures crânienne des pangolins et des oryctéropes a été faite, uniquement basée sur des études publiées précédemment. Bien que myrmécophages, la musculature de la tête des oryctéropes et des pangolins présente quelques différences importantes avec celle des fourmiliers. Cela suggère que l'appareil masticateur des mammifères placentaires myrmécophages varie au niveau fonctionnel.Le dernier chapitre de cette thèse couvre les modèles de covariance phénotypique du crâne de 15 espèces myrmécophages. Une approche de morphométrie géométrique est utilisée afin d'explorer et de confirmer les hypothèses de modularité. Les résultats montrent que les patrons de modularité chez les mammifères myrmécophages ressemblent à ceux des autres mammifères placentaires. Aucun changement commun dans la parcellisation du crâne n'a été détecté, autre que celui attendu de l'hypothèse nulle. Les résultats suggèrent plutôt que l'allongement du crâne a pu entraîner un léger remodelage des patrons de modularité dans la région du rostre des fourmiliers myrmécophagidés. Une analyse préliminaire des trajectoires ontogénétiques des matrices de covariance phénotypique chez deux espèces myrmécophages montre que les patrons de covariance changent significativement pendant l'ontogenèse. Cela indique que les interprétations fonctionnelles de la modularité statique et de l'intégration doivent être effectuées avec prudence<br>The subject of this thesis is the morphological convergence in the skull of ant- and termite-eating placentals. Its goals are to characterize tooth reduction, covariance patterns, and morphological variation of the skull, and explore their link to the selective pressures associated to myrmecophagy.The first chapter focuses on the evolutionary, ontogenetic, and static variations of the skull in pangolins, a group of myrmecophagous animals that include the most threatened mammalian species on Earth. The morphological delimitation between seven of the eight species is demonstrated. Their ontogenetic allometric trajectories are described and the implications of the size variation on systematics are discussed. Additionally, intraspecific variation was partly associated to molecular distinctiveness of recently diverged cryptic species within the white-bellied pangolin. These results were obtained with the use of three-dimensional geometric morphometric methods.The second chapter was dedicated to the comparative anatomy of the mandible and masticatory apparatus. First, I investigate the internal mandibular anatomy on a comparative sample of placental mammals using µ-CT tomography and histology. Structures putatively associated to tooth innervation (dorsal canaliculi) are present in toothless anteaters, while they are absent in pangolins, which are equally toothless. Comparative anatomy performed intra- and interspecifically allowed to: i) show that dorsal canaliculi are invariably present in anteaters; ii) confirm the relationship between dorsal canaliculi and early tooth development; iii) show the independent evolution of dorsal canaliculi in anteaters and toothless whales. Dorsal canaliculi are vascularized and innervated in the collared anteater, despite its tooth loss. This suggests that despite tooth loss, tooth pulp innervation likely maintained its sensorial role on the dorsal part of the mandible of anteaters. The second part of chapter 2 is devoted to the comparative anatomy of the head musculature of the three extant anteater genera. Classical and digital dissections confirmed the reduction of the masticatory apparatus in anteaters. The masticatory apparatus of the pygmy anteater is found to significantly differ from that the other two genera. A comparison with the head musculatures of pangolins and aardvarks was done, based on previously published studies. Despite being myrmecophagous, the head musculature of aardvarks and pangolins shows some key differences from that of anteaters. This suggests that the feeding apparatus of ant- and termite-eating placentals varies at the functional level.The last chapter of this thesis covers the patterns of phenotypic covariance of the skull of 15 myrmecophagous species. A geometric morphometrics approach is used in order to explore and confirm hypotheses of modularity. Results show that patterns of modularity in myrmecophagous mammals resemble those of other placentals mammals. No common shift in the parcellation was found, other than that expected from the null hypothesis. Results suggest instead that skull elongation might have resulted on a slight remodeling of modularity patterns on the rostrum region in myrmecophagid anteaters. A preliminary analysis of ontogenetic trajectories of phenotypic covariance matrices in two myrmecophagous species shows that covariance patterns significantly change during ontogeny. This indicates that functional interpretations of static modularity and integration must be taken with caution
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Hillbrick, Gordon Colin, and kimg@deakin edu au. "THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF CASHMERE GOAT FIBRES." Deakin University, 1994. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20031205.162817.
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This study examined the differences in the chemical composition, particularly fatty acids, of the lipid extracted from the fibre of bucks, does and castrated goats. The study provides a more detailed understanding of the chemical composition of buck fibre lipid and how it varies throughout the year, and also details the effect of body region and nutrition on the production and chemical composition of lipid from buck fibre.
Lipid was extracted with either petroleum ether (non-polar) or chloroform/methanol azeotrope (polar) and analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The more polar solvent system extracted larger amounts of lipid and more of each individual fatty acid. The following buck specific ethyl branched fatty acids were identified: 2-ethylhexanoic, 4-ethylhexanoic, 2-ethyloctanoic, 4-ethyloctanoic, 6-ethyloctanoic, 2-ethyldecanoic, 4-ethyldecanoic, 2-ethyldodecanoic, 6-ethyldodecanoic, 4-ethyldodecanoic, 2-ethyltetradecanoic, 6-ethyltetradecanoic, 4-ethyltetradecanoic, 2-ethylhexadecanoic and 4-ethyloctadecanoic acids. Of these buck specific fatty acids only 4-ethylhexanoic (T), 4-ethyloctanoic, 4-ethyldecanoic, 4-ethyldodecanoic, 6-ethyldodecanoic (T), 4-ethyltetradecanoic, 2-ethylhexadecanoic (T) and 4-ethylhexadecanoic acids have been previously identified or tentatively identified (T) in buck fibre extracts. This shows that the chemical composition of buck fibre lipid is more complex than previously reported, and that it may be more difficult than previously thought to artificially duplicate the odour of the buck.
Buck fibre samples had lower average
concentrations of 2-methylpropanoic, 2-methylbutanoic, iso-pentadecanoic, anteiso-pentadecanoic, iso-hexadecanoic, anteiso-heptadecanoic, iso-octadecanoic and anteiso-nonadecanoic acids as compared with fibre samples from does, spayed does, or wethers that were castrated at one month of age. The reduced concentrations of these fatty acids in buck fibre extracts were likely to be due to the synthesis of ethyl branched derivatives of iso and anteiso fatty acids. Buck fibre samples had higher concentrations of benzoic acid as compared with fibre samples from does, spayed does, or wethers that were castrated at one month of age. The significance of these results is that non buck specific fatty acids may also make a contribution to the odour of bucks.
When fibre samples were collected at various times throughout the year, it was found that the bucks had increased amounts of lipid and ethyl branched fatty acids in fibre samples shorn from March to September, as compared with fibre samples shorn in November and January. The increase in the amount of lipid and ethyl branched fatty acids corresponded with both the rutting period of the buck and the period when the buck odour was increased. This suggests that ethyl branched fatty acids could be pheromones.
The variation in lipid content and fatty acid composition was also examined between fibre samples collected from different body regions of the buck during April, as alterations in sebaceous gland activity around the neck during rutting have been reported. It was found that the average amount of lipid in the neck region of the bucks was not statistically higher than the average amounts in the midside and hind regions. However, the ethyl branched fatty acid concentrations were statistically higher in the fibre from around the neck as compared with the fibre from the other body regions, which is consistent with the odour of the buck being most pronounced around the head and neck region.
The lipid content and composition of fibre samples from bucks fed high and low quality diets (lucerne and pangola grass, respectively) was examined to determine the effect of nutrition on buck specific components. The high quality diet increased the amount of lipid and ethyl branched fatty acids in fibre samples collected in April from the neck, midside and hind regions, as compared with fibre samples from the corresponding body regions from bucks fed the low quality diet. Thus it may be possible for the pheromone levels of bucks to be increased by simply providing them with good nutrition.
The lipid content and ethyl branched fatty acid concentrations of fibre samples increased earlier in the year for the lucerne fed bucks as compared with the pangola grass fed bucks. The lucerne fed bucks had increased concentrations of ethyl branched fatty acids in fibre samples shorn during December to June (6 months) whereas the pangola grass fed bucks had increased concentrations of ethyl branched fatty acids in fibre samples shorn during April to August (4 months). These observations show that good nutrition can result in both the earlier production of ethyl branched fatty acids and an extended period when ethyl branched fatty acids are produced. This suggests that nutrition can be used to manipulate pheromone levels in the buck. The period when the ethyl branched fatty acids were increased corresponded with the period when the plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone concentrations, odour and sebaceous gland volume of the bucks were increased, which supports the assumption that ethyl branched fatty acids are involved in odour production and act as pheromones.
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Chuang, Shu-Yuan, and 莊淑媛. "A Case Study of Team Creativity on Pangolin Teacher Team." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24538083450658037200.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>教育研究所<br>96<br>Abstract
In the scientific and technological era of knowledge, the society has changed with each passing day. Creativity represents international competitiveness. In a sense, creativity education has already become one of the most important tasks in the educational career. Teachers are standing in the educational forefront so they should apply team learning method to promote teacher's profession to promote creativity education. The purpose of this research is to promote the corporate teachers’ creativity, and understand how teachers put into practice of the creativity method.
Furthermore, it sums up teachers’ creativity factor. The researcher therefore adopts the case study in a quality method. The research object focuses on the Pangolin Teacher Team, Taoyuan County. Through observation, interviews and document analyses, the research explores the study of team teachers’ creativity. According to information collection and analyses, this research obtains the following conclusion.
1. TeamSpirits network platform, connecting & collective thoughts and brainstorming can promote the creativity of Pangolin Teacher Team.
2. The application of TeamSpirits network platform can overcome space-time obstacles, represent comprehensive information and increase the objective grading system.
3. Connecting & collective thoughts can enhance the participation of group members, promote efficiency of teamwork and improve group discussion and better creativity.
4. Brainstorming is not only simple, but also inspirational. It can activate member’s thoughts in a relaxed and free manner. Brainstorming is a common practice to increase creativity.
5. There are six major factors can influence Pangolin Teacher Team teachers’ creativity, i.e. personal traits, working environment, group combination, creativity process, organizational culture and teachers’ working features.
Keyword: creativity, team creativity, creativity training method
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Chang, Chi-Yen, and 張啟彥. "Study on the Apparent Digestibility of Diet on Formosan Pangolin." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91679161944801769149.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>畜產學研究所<br>92<br>To understand the digestive characteristics of the Formosan pangolins for optimum feeding practices, three females and seven males were anatomized for the experiment. The length from the muzzle to the vent (body length), tongue length and intestinal canal length were measured. The weight of the body, stomach, and sub maxillary salivary glands were also taken. Ratios of tongue length to body length, intestinal canal length to body length, stomach weight to body weight, and salivary glands weight to body weight were calculated.
Three experimental tasks were performed to accomplish the said objective. (1) Measure the retention time of diet in the animal by adding Cr2O3 into the diets. (2) Study the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude fat (CF), crude protein (CP), ash and gross energy(GE). (3) Understand the effect of chitin and chitosan on apparent digestibility. There were two male and two female pangolins kept in individual cages for seven days before the experiment. Every afternoon at five o’clock, 40 g diet / kg body weight was given and water supplied ad lib. In Exp. Ι, feed intake was recorded daily and body weight measured weekly to realize the relationship between feed intake and variation of body weight. In Exp. ΙΙ, 1g of Cr2O3 per 100g diet was administered and feces was collected at the 7th day to examine their color and calculate the retention time of diet. Digestive trial was carried out for 30 days, feed intake recorded, and feces collected to calculate apparent digestibility of basal diet. In Exp. ΙΙI, six pangolins were used in Latin square design experiments to test for 3 different treatment diets: diet 1 (basal diet) ; diet 2 (basal diet with chitin 5 g/100g diet) ; diet 3 (basal diet with chitosan 5 g/100g diet).
The result showed that (1) The ratio of intestinal canal length to body length was close to 9 which is much similar to that of the omnivorous animal than carnivorous animal. (2) The daily feed intake of dry matter was 39~71 grams and daily energy intake was 282.54∼353.18 Kcal. (3) The retention time of basal diet for pangolins was around 24-48 hours and was 60 hours latest. (4) The apparent digestibility of DM, CF, CP, ash and GE were 88.8 ± 1.0, 95.9 ± 0.9, 86.4 ± 1.6, 68.0 ± 5.6 and 91.0 ± 1.1 respectively. (5) The diet with chitosan was not acceptable for pangolin. (6) Adding chitin into diet could decrease apparent digestibility of DM, CP, ash and GE (p＜.05), therefore it could be a good way to control weight of pangolin. Furthermore, chitin seemed to improve the property of feces.
Books on the topic "Pangolin"
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Jade, Novaković, ed. In search of the pangolin: The accidental eco-tourist. New Holland, 2006.
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P is for pangolin: An alphabet of obscure, endangered & underappreciated animals. Eternal Summers Press, 2013.
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Hughes, Julie E. Thinking (with) the Indian Pangolin: A human-animal perspective on India's colonial and princely histories. Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, 2014.
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Murray, Emily. Pangolin, pythons and panthers: Faunal remains from KoBulawayo, a 19th century Ndebele capital, western Zimbabwe. Trustees of the National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, 2008.
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pangolins, save. Save the Pangolins: Pangolin Animal Notebook, Pangolins Journal, Pangolin Awareness Cute, Gift for Wildlife Lover. Independently Published, 2020.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pangolin"
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Schaake, Wouter. "Pangolin." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_1186.
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Schaake, Wouter. "Pangolin." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1186-1.
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Leslie, Matthew. "On the Pangolin of Bahar." In Representing India. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003101789-31.
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"Pangolin." In Animals of the Masai Mara. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400844913.60.
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"Pangolin Scales." In Republic of Apples, Democracy of Oranges. University of Hawaii Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780824883287-060.
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"The Pangolin." In Imperfect Present. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2s2ppmd.9.
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"pangolin, n." In Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/2158110845.
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Acharya, Suman. "Reviving Chinese Pangolin Conversation: A Brief Knowledge Sharing." In Environmental Sciences. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113118.
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Chinese pangolin is a unique critically endangered small mammal that is covered by scales and feed on termites and ants. It is dark brown or dark gray in color and lives in coniferous and broad-leaf forest, agricultural land, barren land, bamboo forest, grassland Chinese pangolin is widely distributed in the continent of Asia but the detailed studies on population status, ecology, behavior, and illegal trade is lacking. With the developmental activities escalated in Asian countries, the threats to the pangolin population and potential habitats are increasing. Additional athropogenic factors such as deforestation, encroachment, forest fire, over exploitation, hunting, poaching, and illegal trade have caused steep decline in the number of Chinese pangolin in wild. In fact, the pangolin is the most illegally traded animal in the contemporary world. Therefore, it is crucial that we revive and prolong communication regarding the current global and national status, distribution, behavior, illegal trade, and conservation practices across scales to promote the long-term conservation of the Chinese pangolin population and habitat. In the end, this chapter provides some important policy recommendations to promote Chinese pangolin conversation.
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"Temminck’s Ground Pangolin." In Animals of Kruger National Park. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt19b9jmw.38.
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Pietersen, Darren W., Raymond Jansen, Jonathan Swart, et al. "Temminck’s pangolin Smutsia temminckii ( )." In Pangolins. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815507-3.00011-3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Pangolin"
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Zhang, Chao, Cheng Huang, Philip A. Chou, et al. "Pangolin." In the Seventh COnference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies. ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2079296.2079319.
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da Silva, Larissa Amoroso, Rogério Rodrigo Ramos, and Luciana Estevam Simonato. "FILOGENIA E MECANISMOS DA PATOGÊNESE DE SARS-COV-2: ESTUDO SISTEMÁTICO." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Hematologia Clínico-laboratorial On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/632.
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Introdução: O SARS-CoV-2 é um membro da família dos coronavírus; eles são vírus de RNA de fita única, geneticamente diversos, que evoluem e sofrem mutações rapidamente, comumente infectando humanos. Objetivos: Devido ao surto atual de coronavírus, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma ampla revisão da evolução do vírus, bem como dos mecanismos que levaram ao desenvolvimento do SARS-CoV-2. Material e métodos: Para esta pesquisa, 469 estudos foram inicialmente selecionados e submetidos à análise de elegibilidade; desses estudos, 164 foram selecionados para uma avaliação mais criteriosa e, ao final desse processo, foram escolhidos 52 estudos para serem discutidos, seguindo as diretrizes do PRISMA para revisões sistemáticas. Resultados: Estudos recentes demonstraram que o genoma SARS-CoV-2 e o vírus RaTG13 são mais de 90% semelhantes entre si, que indica que o genoma do morcego (Bat-SL-CoVZC45 e Bat-SL-CoVZXC21) e o genoma dos pangolins (pangolin-CoV GD / P1L e pangolin-CoV GD / P2S) compartilham a mesma ancestralidade do genoma humano, portanto, esses animais são considerados responsáveis por espalhar o novo vírus para humanos; isso pode eliminar a teoria de que o SARS-CoV-2 foi um vírus feito em laboratório. Conclusão: A infecção começa quando o vírus se liga ao receptor de células ACE2 e se prolifera para células epiteliais da mucosa nasal e pneumócitos do tipo II, resultando em um aumento da quantidade de citocinas (IL-6, IL-10 e TNF-α) e uma diminuição da quantidade de linfócitos (células T CD4+ e CD8+).
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Park, Sae Hyong, and Namseok Ko. "Pangolin: Incast Avoidance in Large Datacenter Networks." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386178.
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Huang, Heqing, Peisen Yao, Rongxin Wu, Qingkai Shi, and Charles Zhang. "Pangolin: Incremental Hybrid Fuzzing with Polyhedral Path Abstraction." In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sp40000.2020.00063.
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Castro, Bruno, Alexandre Perez, and Rui Abreu. "Pangolin: An SFL-Based Toolset for Feature Localization." In 2019 34th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ase.2019.00119.
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Murray, Hannah, and Melody Jackson. "Using Twitter Data to Evaluate Pangolin Conservation Awareness." In ACI '23: The Tenth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction. ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3637882.3637884.
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YUSOF, MI, and TONY DODD. "PANGOLIN: A VARIABLE GEOMETRY TRACKED VEHICLE WITH INDEPENDENT TRACK CONTROL." In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814374286_0107.
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Varghese, Sen K., Tom Joseph, Sandra Ann Varughese, Lakshmi Anil, and Reneesh C. Zacharia. "“Pangolin”-Animatronic Based Robotic Hand System for Human Rescue in Deep Mine Hole and Bore Well Accidents." In 2020 IEEE Bangalore Humanitarian Technology Conference (B-HTC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/b-htc50970.2020.9297864.
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Que, Tengcheng, Yuankun Liu, Panyu Chen, et al. "Machine Learning Combining Expert Features to Differentiate Infection Types Based on Physiological and Biochemical Indicators of Malayan Pangolin." In 2023 Cross Strait Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSRSWTC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csrswtc60855.2023.10427033.
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Wang, Yifu, Samuel Turvey, and Nigel Leader-Williams. "How can we save pangolins? A case study from a market perspective in China." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107579.
Full textReports on the topic "Pangolin"
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Betancur Ortiz, Idabely, Cristian Arbey Velarde, and Celeny Ortiz Restrepo. Situación epidemiológica de las variantes del virus SARS-CoV-2 detectadas en Antioquia, de diciembre 2020 a enero 2022. Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33610/01229907.2022v4n1a4.
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Introducción: la secuenciación genómica es una herramienta que permite identificar variantes del SARSCoV-2. La red de vigilancia genómica de Antioquia, viene trabajando en la caracterización de las variantes circulantes en el territorio, con el propósito de aportar evidencia científica a los tomadores de decisiones en el marco de la pandemia. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir la situación epidemiológica de las variantes de SARSCoV-2 detectadas en Antioquia desde diciembre de 2020 a enero de 2022. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Las muestras secuenciadas hicieron parte de los muestreos probabilísticos y rutinarios del Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS). Para la secuenciación se usó la plataforma de Oxford nanopor, además se emplearon las bases de datos del Sivigila y de reporte de casos COVID-19 del INS para los datos sociodemográficos y clínicos. La identificación de los linajes y score de calidad de las secuencias se llevó a cabo en Nextclade y Pangolin. Resultados: en Antioquia se identificaron variantes circulantes de SARS-CoV-2 en 2 675 muestras. Dentro de las variantes y/o linajes identificados los Delta, Mu y Gamma comprendieron la mayor proporción, aportando el 39 %, 27 % y 14 % respectivamente, sin embargo, la variante Ómicron desde su identificación (10 diciembre de 2021) presentó una amplia distribución en el departamento. Discusión: la determinación de los linajes ha permitido evidenciar la diversidad genética viral que circula en la región mostrando una prevalencia diferencial espacio-temporal con respecto al contexto nacional. La vigilancia genómica se fortalecerá con el objetivo de monitorear el comportamiento en virtud a variables sociodemográficas.