Academic literature on the topic 'Panic disorder and agoraphobia'

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Journal articles on the topic "Panic disorder and agoraphobia"

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HAYWARD, C., J. D. KILLEN, and C. B. TAYLOR. "The relationship between agoraphobia symptoms and panic disorder in a non-clinical sample of adolescents." Psychological Medicine 33, no. 4 (May 2003): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702006955.

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Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical correlates of agoraphobic fear and avoidance and panic disorder in a non-clinical sample of adolescents.Method. In a sample of 2365 high school students, combined data from a questionnaire and a structured clinical interview were used to classify subjects with agoraphobic fear and avoidance. Panic symptoms, major depression, childhood separation anxiety disorder, anxiety sensitivity and negative affectivity were also assessed.Results. Fifteen subjects met study criteria for agoraphobic fear and avoidance in the past year. Only three (20%) of those with agoraphobia symptoms reported histories of panic attacks and there was no overlap between those with agoraphobic fear and avoidance and the 12 subjects who met DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder. However, subjects with agoraphobia symptoms and those with panic disorder reported similar levels of anxiety sensitivity and negative affectivity. Childhood separation anxiety disorder was more common among those with agoraphobic fear and avoidance compared to those without.Conclusion. Agoraphobic avoidance is rare in non-clinical samples of adolescents and usually not associated with panic attacks. However, adolescents with agoraphobia symptoms and those with panic disorder have similar clinical correlates consistent with a panic/agoraphobia spectrum model.
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Mokhber, N., and F. Savadkoohi. "The effects of olanzapine in treatment of panic disorder with and without agoraphobia." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71876-4.

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BackgroundIn this study, we have evaluated the effects of Olanzapine in treatment of panic disorder with and without agoraphobia.Method and materialsPatients whit resistant panic disorder (resistant to tow SSRI agents) who came to psychiatric clinic of Ibn-e-Sina and Ghaem Hospitals-Mashhad during 2004–2005 were enrolled in this study. Low dose Olanzapine (2.5 milligram per day) was administered initially. ALL cases were evaluated by different psychiatric tests such as agoraphobic cognitions questionnaire panic attack and anticipatory anxiety scale, Hamilton depression test and general functional assessment.ResultsIn this study, 30 patients were divided into two groups of panic disorder with agoraphobia (13 cases) and panic disorder without agrophobia (17 cases). Comparing these two groups, all indexes were improved significantly by time but The frequency of panic attacks in the last week minor panic attack duration of panic attacks agoraphobic cognition scale and Hamilton depression indexes were Improved significantly especially in those cases with panic disorder and agoraphobia Although the therapeutic response according to anxiety score, total panic attacks Hamilton depression test and general functional assessment was not showed any Difference.ConclusionOlanzapine augmentation has acceptable effects in the treatment of drug resistant panic disorder with agoraphobia and therapeutic effects were more significant among patients with panic disorder without agoraphobia.
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Argyle, Nick, Carol Solyom, and Leslie Solyom. "The Structure of Phobias in Panic Disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 3 (September 1991): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.3.378.

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Fear and avoidance of individual phobic situations were measured in 1168 patients with panic disorder suffering current attacks. Correlation and principal-components analyses give components of agoraphobia, illness phobia, and social phobia in panic disorder. Agoraphobia does not stand out so clearly as illness phobia and social phobia as a separate factor; ‘fear of open spaces' shows some separation from other agoraphobic situations. Frequency of panic attacks and changes associated with their remission have no special relationship to agoraphobia. Closer attention to social and illness phobia may be fruitful in discerning the evolution of panic disorder.
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Marchand, André, and Michel Wapler. "L'effet des troubles de la personnalité sur la réponse au traitement béhavioural-cognitif du trouble panique avec agoraphobie." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 38, no. 3 (April 1993): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379303800302.

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This study measures the effect of personality disorders on the efficacy of treatment of agoraphobia. Forty-one patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia are evaluated for the presence of a personality disorder (according to DSM-III-R criteria) before the onset of treatment. The treatment consists in 14 sessions of behavioural cognitive therapy. Various measures of agoraphobic avoidance are obtained before (pre-test) and after the end of treatment (post-test, three month follow-up). Effect of treatment reaches statistical and clinical significance for all patients. Grouping of patients according to presence or absence of personality disorder shows no significant difference between the groups before or after treatment on scores of agoraphobia. A subgroup of patients with dependent personality disorder does not differ on measures of agoraphobic avoidance from patients without personality disorders or with other personality disorders. The discussion points out methodological limitations, differences in our study from other studies regarding the effect of personality on the treatment outcome of panic disorder with agoraphobia, as well as possibilities for future studies.
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Cox, Brian J., Richard P. Swinson, and Brian F. Shaw. "Value of the Fear Questionnaire in Differentiating Agoraphobia and Social Phobia." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 6 (December 1991): 842–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.6.842.

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The present study examined responses on the Fear Questionnaire (FQ) of 68 patients suffering panic disorder with agoraphobia, 50 social phobics, 75 subjects with ‘non-clinical’ panic attacks, and 188 non-panicking controls. The FQ agoraphobia and social subscales had satisfactory internal consistency and were accurate (82%) in correctly differentiating the patients. In general, the patient and control groups differed as expected. The highest level of social fear was reported by social phobics and the highest level of agoraphobic fear was reported by patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia. Five items from these two subscales significantly differentiated social phobia from panic disorder with agoraphobia. The results support the reliability and validity of the FQ.
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GOISMAN, ROBERT M., MEREDITH G. WARSHAW, LINDA G. PETERSON, MALCOLM P. ROGERS, PAUL CUNEO, MOLLY F. HUNT, JENNIFER M. TOMLIN-ALBANESE, et al. "Panic, Agoraphobia, and Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 182, no. 2 (February 1994): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199402000-00002.

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Latas, Milan, Mihajlo Mitrovic, and Vladan Starcevic. "Gender differences in psychopathologic features of agoraphobia with panic disorder." Vojnosanitetski pregled 63, no. 6 (2006): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0606569l.

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Background/Aim. To examine gender differences in the major psychopathologic features in agoraphobia with panic disorder. Method. The study was conducted as a clinical study. The sample consisted of 119 patients, 32 men (26.9%) and 87 women (73.1%) with the basic diagnosis of agoraphobia with panic disorder. All the patients were evaluated with the clinical instruments suitable for the assessment of various clinical features associated with agoraphobia with panic disorder - questionnaires (the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 90, the Panic Appraisal Inventory, the Fear Questionnaire, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory), and the clinical rating scale (the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale). After the data collection, the sample was divided into two groups by the gender. Then the groups were compared. Results. There were no differences between the genders in the global psychopathologic features (the age at the onset of a disorder, duration of a disorder, severity and frequency of panic attacks, intensity of general psychiatric symptoms, intensity of general anxiety and depression). The women, however, reported a subjective perception of a more severe agoraphobic avoidance and males were significantly more likely than the females to anticipate the serious somatic consequences of panic attacks and worry about somatic health. Conclusion. There were a few gender specific psychopathologic features in patients with agoraphobia with panic disorder, so further studies would be necessary to come to a more precise conclusion.
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Wittmann, A., F. Schlagenhauf, A. Guhn, U. Lueken, C. Gaehlsdorf, M. Stoy, F. Bermpohl, et al. "Anticipating agoraphobic situations: the neural correlates of panic disorder with agoraphobia." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 11 (January 7, 2014): 2385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713003085.

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BackgroundPanic disorder with agoraphobia is characterized by panic attacks and anxiety in situations where escape might be difficult. However, neuroimaging studies specifically focusing on agoraphobia are rare. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with disorder-specific stimuli to investigate the neural substrates of agoraphobia.MethodWe compared the neural activations of 72 patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia with 72 matched healthy control subjects in a 3-T fMRI study. To isolate agoraphobia-specific alterations we tested the effects of the anticipation and perception of an agoraphobia-specific stimulus set. During fMRI, 48 agoraphobia-specific and 48 neutral pictures were randomly presented with and without anticipatory stimulus indicating the content of the subsequent pictures (Westphal paradigm).ResultsDuring the anticipation of agoraphobia-specific pictures, stronger activations were found in the bilateral ventral striatum and left insula in patients compared with controls. There were no group differences during the perception phase of agoraphobia-specific pictures.ConclusionsThis study revealed stronger region-specific activations in patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia in anticipation of agoraphobia-specific stimuli. Patients seem to process these stimuli more intensively based on individual salience. Hyperactivation of the ventral striatum and insula when anticipating agoraphobia-specific situations might be a central neurofunctional correlate of agoraphobia. Knowledge about the neural correlates of anticipatory and perceptual processes regarding agoraphobic situations will help to optimize and evaluate treatments, such as exposure therapy, in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia.
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Vos, S. P. F., M. J. H. Huibers, L. Diels, and A. Arntz. "A randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 12 (April 30, 2012): 2661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712000876.

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BackgroundInterpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) seems to be as effective as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of major depression. Because the onset of panic attacks is often related to increased interpersonal life stress, IPT has the potential to also treat panic disorder. To date, a preliminary open trial yielded promising results but there have been no randomized controlled trials directly comparing CBT and IPT for panic disorder.MethodThis study aimed to directly compare the effects of CBT versus IPT for the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Ninety-one adult patients with a primary diagnosis of DSM-III or DSM-IV panic disorder with agoraphobia were randomized. Primary outcomes were panic attack frequency and an idiosyncratic behavioral test. Secondary outcomes were panic and agoraphobia severity, panic-related cognitions, interpersonal functioning and general psychopathology. Measures were taken at 0, 3 and 4 months (baseline, end of treatment and follow-up).ResultsIntention-to-treat (ITT) analyses on the primary outcomes indicated superior effects for CBT in treating panic disorder with agoraphobia. Per-protocol analyses emphasized the differences between treatments and yielded larger effect sizes. Reductions in the secondary outcomes were equal for both treatments, except for agoraphobic complaints and behavior and the credibility ratings of negative interpretations of bodily sensations, all of which decreased more in CBT.ConclusionsCBT is the preferred treatment for panic disorder with agoraphobia compared to IPT. Mechanisms of change should be investigated further, along with long-term outcomes.
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Pollard, C. Alec, and Gerald L. Cox. "Social-Evaluative Anxiety in Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia." Psychological Reports 62, no. 1 (February 1988): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.1.323.

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18 agoraphobics with panic attacks had significantly higher scores on the Willoughby Personality Schedule, a measure of social-evaluative anxiety, than 18 matched patients with panic disorder. Results are compatible with the position that hypersensitivity to criticism is associated with and may contribute to the development of agoraphobia following panic attacks, but further research is needed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Panic disorder and agoraphobia"

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Wittmann, A., F. Schlagenhauf, A. Guhn, U. Lueken, C. Gaehlsdorf, M. Stoy, F. Bermpohl, et al. "Anticipating agoraphobic situations: the neural correlates of panic disorder with agoraphobia." Cambridge University Press, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A39008.

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Background: Panic disorder with agoraphobia is characterized by panic attacks and anxiety in situations where escape might be difficult. However, neuroimaging studies specifically focusing on agoraphobia are rare. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with disorder-specific stimuli to investigate the neural substrates of agoraphobia. Method. We compared the neural activations of 72 patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia with 72 matched healthy control subjects in a 3-T fMRI study. To isolate agoraphobia-specific alterations we tested the effects of the anticipation and perception of an agoraphobia-specific stimulus set. During fMRI, 48 agoraphobia-specific and 48 neutral pictures were randomly presented with and without anticipatory stimulus indicating the content of the subsequent pictures (Westphal paradigm). Results: During the anticipation of agoraphobia-specific pictures, stronger activations were found in the bilateral ventral striatum and left insula in patients compared with controls. There were no group differences during the perception phase of agoraphobia-specific pictures. Conclusions: This study revealed stronger region-specific activations in patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia in anticipation of agoraphobia-specific stimuli. Patients seem to process these stimuli more intensively based on individual salience. Hyperactivation of the ventral striatum and insula when anticipating agoraphobiaspecific situations might be a central neurofunctional correlate of agoraphobia. Knowledge about the neural correlates of anticipatory and perceptual processes regarding agoraphobic situations will help to optimize and evaluate treatments, such as exposure therapy, in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia.
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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Agnes Nocon, Katja Beesdo, Daniel S. Pine, Michael Höfler, Roselind Lieb, and Andrew T. Gloster. "Agoraphobia and Panic." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-100091.

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Background: The relationship of panic attacks (PA), panic disorder (PD) and agoraphobia (AG) is controversial. The aim of the current study is to prospectively examine the 10-year natural course of PA, PD and AG in the first three decades of life, their stability and their reciprocal transitions. Methods: DSM-IV syndromes were assessed via Composite International Diagnostic Interview – Munich version in a 10-year prospective-longitudinal community study of 3,021 subjects aged 14–24 years at baseline. Results: (1) Incidence patterns for PA (9.4%), PD (with and without AG: 3.4%) and AG (5.3%) revealed differences in age of onset, incidence risk and gender differentiation. (2) Temporally primary PA and PD revealed only a moderately increased risk for subsequent onset of AG, and primary AG had an even lower risk for subsequent PA and PD. (3) In strictly prospective analyses, all baseline groups (PA, PD, AG) had low remission rates (0–23%). Baseline PD with AG or AG with PA were more likely to have follow-up AG, PA and other anxiety disorders and more frequent complications (impairment, disability, help-seeking, comorbidity) as compared to PD without AG and AG without PA. Conclusions: Differences in incidence patterns, syndrome progression and outcome, and syndrome stability over time indicate that AG exists as a clinically significant phobic condition independent of PD. The majority of agoraphobic subjects in this community sample never experienced PA, calling into question the current pathogenic assumptions underlying the classification of AG as merely a consequence of panic. The findings point to the necessity of rethinking diagnostic concepts and DSM diagnostic hierarchies.
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Dijkman-Caes, Chantal Irma Mauricette. "Panic disorder and agoraphobia in daily life." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1993. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6673.

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Goodwin, Renee D., Carlo Faravelli, S. Rosi, F. Cosci, E. Truglia, Ron de Graaf, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "The epidemiology of panic disorder and agoraphobia in Europe." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-110237.

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A literature search, in addition to expert survey, was performed to estimate the size and burden of panic disorder in the European Union (EU). Epidemiologic data from EU countries were critically reviewed to determine the consistency of prevalence estimates across studies and to identify the most pressing questions for future research. A comprehensive literature search focusing on epidemiological studies in community and clinical settings in European countries since 1980 was conducted (Medline, Web of Science, Psychinfo). Only studies using established diagnostic instruments on the basis of DSM-III-R or DSM-IV, or ICD-10 were considered. Thirteen studies from a total of 14 countries were identified. Epidemiological findings are relatively consistent across the EU. The 12-month prevalence of panic disorder and agoraphobia without history of panic were estimated to be 1.8% (0.7–2.2) and 1.3% (0.7–2.0) respectively across studies. Rates are twice as high in females and age of first onset for both disorders is in adolescence or early adulthood. In addition to comorbidity with agoraphobia, panic disorder is strongly associated with other anxiety disorders, and a wide range of somatoform, affective and substance use disorders. Even subclinical forms of panic disorder (i.e., panic attacks) are associated with substantial distress, psychiatric comorbidity and functional impairment. In general health primary care settings, there appears to be substantial underdiagnosis and undertreatment of panic disorder. Moreover, panic disorder and agoraphobia are poorly recognized and rarely treated in mental health settings, despite high health care utilization rates and substantial long-term disability.
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Richter, Jan, Alfons O. Hamm, Christiane A. Pané-Farré, Alexander L. Gerlach, Andrew T. Gloster, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Thomas Lang, et al. "Dynamics of Defensive Reactivity in Patients with Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia: Implications for the Etiology of Panic Disorder." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-120100.

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Background: The learning perspective of panic disorder distinguishes between acute panic and anxious apprehension as distinct emotional states. Following animal models, these clinical entities reflect different stages of defensive reactivity depending upon the imminence of interoceptive or exteroceptive threat cues. The current study tested this model by investigating the dynamics of defensive reactivity in a large group of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia (PD/AG). Methods: Three hundred forty-five PD/AG patients participated in a standardized behavioral avoidance test (being entrapped in a small, dark chamber for 10 minutes). Defense reactivity was assessed measuring avoidance and escape behavior, self-reports of anxiety and panic symptoms, autonomic arousal (heart rate and skin conductance), and potentiation of the startle reflex before and during exposure of the behavioral avoidance test. Results: Panic disorder and agoraphobia patients differed substantially in their defensive reactivity. While 31.6% of the patients showed strong anxious apprehension during this task (as indexed by increased reports of anxiety, elevated physiological arousal, and startle potentiation), 20.9% of the patients escaped from the test chamber. Active escape was initiated at the peak of the autonomic surge accompanied by an inhibition of the startle response as predicted by the animal model. These physiological responses resembled the pattern observed during the 34 reported panic attacks. Conclusions: We found evidence that defensive reactivity in PD/AG patients is dynamically organized ranging from anxious apprehension to panic with increasing proximity of interoceptive threat. These data support the learning perspective of panic disorder.
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Goodwin, Renee D., Carlo Faravelli, S. Rosi, F. Cosci, E. Truglia, Ron de Graaf, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "The epidemiology of panic disorder and agoraphobia in Europe." Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26823.

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A literature search, in addition to expert survey, was performed to estimate the size and burden of panic disorder in the European Union (EU). Epidemiologic data from EU countries were critically reviewed to determine the consistency of prevalence estimates across studies and to identify the most pressing questions for future research. A comprehensive literature search focusing on epidemiological studies in community and clinical settings in European countries since 1980 was conducted (Medline, Web of Science, Psychinfo). Only studies using established diagnostic instruments on the basis of DSM-III-R or DSM-IV, or ICD-10 were considered. Thirteen studies from a total of 14 countries were identified. Epidemiological findings are relatively consistent across the EU. The 12-month prevalence of panic disorder and agoraphobia without history of panic were estimated to be 1.8% (0.7–2.2) and 1.3% (0.7–2.0) respectively across studies. Rates are twice as high in females and age of first onset for both disorders is in adolescence or early adulthood. In addition to comorbidity with agoraphobia, panic disorder is strongly associated with other anxiety disorders, and a wide range of somatoform, affective and substance use disorders. Even subclinical forms of panic disorder (i.e., panic attacks) are associated with substantial distress, psychiatric comorbidity and functional impairment. In general health primary care settings, there appears to be substantial underdiagnosis and undertreatment of panic disorder. Moreover, panic disorder and agoraphobia are poorly recognized and rarely treated in mental health settings, despite high health care utilization rates and substantial long-term disability.
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Richter, Jan, Alfons O. Hamm, Christiane A. Pané-Farré, Alexander L. Gerlach, Andrew T. Gloster, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Thomas Lang, et al. "Dynamics of Defensive Reactivity in Patients with Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia: Implications for the Etiology of Panic Disorder." Technische Universität Dresden, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27104.

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Background: The learning perspective of panic disorder distinguishes between acute panic and anxious apprehension as distinct emotional states. Following animal models, these clinical entities reflect different stages of defensive reactivity depending upon the imminence of interoceptive or exteroceptive threat cues. The current study tested this model by investigating the dynamics of defensive reactivity in a large group of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia (PD/AG). Methods: Three hundred forty-five PD/AG patients participated in a standardized behavioral avoidance test (being entrapped in a small, dark chamber for 10 minutes). Defense reactivity was assessed measuring avoidance and escape behavior, self-reports of anxiety and panic symptoms, autonomic arousal (heart rate and skin conductance), and potentiation of the startle reflex before and during exposure of the behavioral avoidance test. Results: Panic disorder and agoraphobia patients differed substantially in their defensive reactivity. While 31.6% of the patients showed strong anxious apprehension during this task (as indexed by increased reports of anxiety, elevated physiological arousal, and startle potentiation), 20.9% of the patients escaped from the test chamber. Active escape was initiated at the peak of the autonomic surge accompanied by an inhibition of the startle response as predicted by the animal model. These physiological responses resembled the pattern observed during the 34 reported panic attacks. Conclusions: We found evidence that defensive reactivity in PD/AG patients is dynamically organized ranging from anxious apprehension to panic with increasing proximity of interoceptive threat. These data support the learning perspective of panic disorder.
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Angle, Susan Pugh. "Perceptions of College Students Diagnosed with Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia: Academic, Psychosocial, and Environmental Views of their College Experience." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28107.

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The number of reported students with psychiatric disabilities who are seeking services and/or accommodations is steadily increasing on college campuses. Much of the research and documentation that surround the study of college students with psychiatric disorders is extremely broad in focus and tends to group all psychiatric diagnoses together when reporting outcome studies. The research literature that is devoted to the study of the college student diagnoses with Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia is limited in scope and nature. The majority of the literature is devoted to the physiological and behavioral ramifications of the disorder or treatment modalities. a review of the extant literature reveals that there is no substantive research available that provides insight into the college experiences of the student diagnoses with Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia. In summary, it is safe to say that there is not enough pertinent information readily available to enlighten college and university faculty and staff about the experiences of college students diagnosed with Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia. specifically, little is known about: (1) the academic, psychosocial, and environmental needs of these students (2) what disability related barriers these student may have experienced (3) what coping mechanisms are typically employed, and (4) what services and accommodations these students have found to be the most effective while they were enrolled in college. The purpose of this study was to examine the nature and the scope of the college experiences of students who were diagnosed with Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia. The subjects for this study consisted of a select group of upperclassmen at Virginia Tech. Gender or age was not a factor in the selection process. For purposes of this study, the qualitative in-depth interview method was considered the most appropriate form of data collection. Analysis of the data revealed the following common experiences among the subjects in the study: (1) All subjects experienced difficulties in the classroom due to their Panic Disorder. (2) All of the subjects had concerns with the physical setting of the campus (i.e. preferential seating, avoidance of large classrooms and auditoriums, and anxiety-like symptoms as the result of bright or fluorescent lighting). (3) A lack of social contacts both in and out of the classroom was a common experience. (4) While all subjects had tried medication to control their Panic Disorder, two of the subjects stopped their medication even though they reported an improvement I their symptoms. The majority of the subjects stated that they did not want to remain on the medication for fear of addiction or using the medication as a "crutch." (5) All of the subjects sought out counseling while attending Virginia Tech. All of the subjects, with the exception of one, did not seek any treatment for their anxiety of Panic Attacks until after they arrived at Virginia Tech. (6) All of the subjects, with the exception of one suffered with either chronic anxiety, or Panic Attacks for over one year before seeking any medical relief or counseling. (7) All of the subjects reported that counseling was helpful and for the most part, they all tried to use relaxation techniques when experiencing a Panic Attack. (8) All of the subjects are still having difficulty with chronic anticipatory anxiety and occasional Panic Attacks. (9) While the majority of the subjects interviewed were optimistic about their career options, it was evident that all of the subjects have encountered significant anxiety-related barriers that have impacted their choice of major and possible future jobs. the majority of the subjects reported that it was important to have a job where the workload was not too stressful and the workplace was viewed as a "safe" environment.
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Lüken, Ulrike, Markus Mühlhan, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Thilo Kellermann, Isabelle Reinhardt, Carsten Konrad, Thomas Lang, et al. "(Don't) panic in the scanner! How panic patients with agoraphobia experience a functional magnetic resonance imaging session." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-120053.

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Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has gained increasing importance in investigating neural substrates of anxiety disorders, less is known about the stress eliciting properties of the scanner environment itself. The aim of the study was to investigate feasibility, self-reported distress and anxiety management strategies during an fMRI experiment in a comprehensive sample of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia (PD/AG). Within the national research network PANIC-NET, n = 89 patients and n = 90 controls participated in a multicenter fMRI study. Subjects completed a retrospective questionnaire on self-reported distress, including a habituation profile and exploratory questions about helpful strategies. Drop-out rates and fMRI quality parameters were employed as markers of study feasibility. Different anxiety measures were used to identify patients particularly vulnerable to increased scanner anxiety and impaired data quality. Three (3.5%) patients terminated the session prematurely. While drop-out rates were comparable for patients and controls, data quality was moderately impaired in patients. Distress was significantly elevated in patients compared to controls; claustrophobic anxiety was furthermore associated with pronounced distress and lower fMRI data quality in patients. Patients reported helpful strategies, including motivational factors and cognitive coping strategies. The feasibility of large-scale fMRI studies on PD/AG patients could be proved. Study designs should nevertheless acknowledge that the MRI setting may enhance stress reactions. Future studies are needed to investigate the relationship between self-reported distress and fMRI data in patient groups that are subject to neuroimaging research.
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Sharp, Donald MacFie. "The psychological and pharmacological treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia in primary care." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21521.

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Following a review of treatment outcome study methodology, a comparative study of psychological versus pharmacological treatments was conducted; subsidiary studies investigated aspects of treatment outcome in more detail. 193 patients with DSM III-R panic disorder with or without agoraphobia were randomly allocated to; fluvoxamine, placebo, fluvoxamine + CBT (cognitive behaviour therapy), placebo + CBT, or CBT alone. Patients received no concurrent treatments and were treated to the same schedule, with therapist contact balanced across groups. Treatments were conducted in the primary care setting. Outcome at treatment end-point and 6 month follow-up, assessed in terms of both statistical and clinical significance, showed patients receiving active treatments improved significantly, with improvement better preserved over follow-up in the groups receiving CBT. The CBT alone and fluvoxamine + CBT groups showed the most consistent gains, the latter group showing gains earliest in treatment. Outcome was also investigated using brief global ratings of symptom severity, change in symptoms following treatment, general wellbeing and social disruption, completed by psychologist, referring GPs, and patients. Using these measures all active treatments showed statistical advantage over placebo with the groups employing CBT showing the most robust and consistent response. Overall there were no significant differences in drop-out rates between groups although the drop-out rate for patients receiving CBT alone was higher than that for placebo + CBT. Agreement with main outcome measures was demonstrated for psychologist and patient ratings, but not for GP ratings. An investigation of panic attack variables as treatment outcome measures indicated that these did not function as discriminative treatment outcome measures with all treatment groups showing significant reductions in panic attack variables over treatment with few significant differences between treatment groups on any variable throughout treatment. An investigation of prognostic indicators of treatment outcome indicated good prediction of post treatment response using pre-treatment measures of anxiety level, frequency of panic attacks, extroversion and treatment group. Predictions of outcome at 6 month follow-up were less robust. Results are discussed in terms of their relevance to wider clinical practice.
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Books on the topic "Panic disorder and agoraphobia"

1

Kernodle, William D. Panic disorder: What you don't know may be dangerous to your health. Richmond, VA: William Byrd Press, 1991.

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Kernodle, William D. Panic disorder: What you don't know may be dangerous to your health. 2nd ed. Richmond, Va: W. D. Kernodle, 1993.

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Panic disorder: The medical point of view : there is no need to suffer. [Richmond, Va.]: W.D. Kernodle, 1995.

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Beurs, Edwin de. The assessment and treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia. Amsterdam: Thesis Publishers, 1993.

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L, Thorpe Geoffrey, ed. Agoraphobia and panic: A guide to psychological treatment. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1992.

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Zuercher-White, Elke. An end to panic: Breakthrough techniques for overcoming panic disorder. 2nd ed. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, 1998.

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Zuercher-White, Elke. An end to panic: Breakthrough techniques for overcoming panic disorder. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, 1995.

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Zuercher-White, Elke. Overcoming panic disorder and agoraphobia: A cognitive restructuring and exposure-based protocol for the treatment of panic and agoraphobia. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, 1999.

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From panic to peace of mind: Overcoming panic and agoraphobia. New Orleans, La: Bruno Press, 1991.

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Bandelow, Borwin. Panic and Agoraphobia scale (PAS): Manual. Seattle: Hogrefe & Huber Pub., 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Panic disorder and agoraphobia"

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Kleinknecht, Ronald A. "Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia." In Mastering Anxiety, 113–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7319-1_5.

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Antony, Martin M., and Richard P. Swinson. "Panic disorder and agoraphobia." In Phobic disorders and panic in adults: A guide to assessment and treatment., 11–47. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10348-001.

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Koch, Ellen I., and Michelle A. Fernando. "Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia." In Principle-Based Stepped Care and Brief Psychotherapy for Integrated Care Settings, 303–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70539-2_27.

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Schmidt, Norman B., Kristina J. Korte, Aaron M. Norr, Meghan E. Keough, and Kiara R. Timpano. "Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia." In The Wiley Handbook of Anxiety Disorders, 321–56. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118775349.ch19.

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Bouman, Theo K., and Paul M. G. Emmelkamp. "Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia." In Sourcebook of Psychological Treatment Manuals for Adult Disorders, 23–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1528-3_2.

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Heinrichs, Nina, David A. Spiegel, and Stefan G. Hofmann. "Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia." In Handbook of Brief Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 55–76. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470713020.ch4.

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Craske, Michelle G., and Gregoris Simos. "Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia." In CBT for Anxiety Disorders, 3–24. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118330043.ch1.

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Williams, S. Lloyd, and Benoit Laberge. "Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia." In Adult Behavior Therapy Casebook, 107–23. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2409-0_8.

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Brown, Lily A., and Michelle G. Craske. "Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia." In Treatments for Psychological Problems and Syndromes, 34–55. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118877142.ch4.

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Asmundson, Gordon J. G., Daniel M. LeBouthillier, and Steven Taylor. "Anxiety Disorders: Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia." In Psychiatry, 1057–75. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118753378.ch55.

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Conference papers on the topic "Panic disorder and agoraphobia"

1

DJURDJIC, SLAVOLJUB, and JELENA KUNOVAC. "PANIC DISORDER WITH AGORAPHOBIA AND DEPRESSION." In IX World Congress of Psychiatry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814440912_0135.

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GRIEZ, E., C. VERBURG, H. POLS, and J. MEIJER. "SUICIDAL INTENTS IN PANIC DISORDER." In IX World Congress of Psychiatry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814440912_0128.

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de la Fuente, Juan Ramón. "LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT OF PANIC DISORDER." In IX World Congress of Psychiatry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814440912_0134.

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NISHIZONO, MASAHISA. "ON THE TREATMENT OF PANIC DISORDER." In IX World Congress of Psychiatry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814440912_0139.

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Chen, Ching-Yi, Che-Chun Liu, Ya-Ling Chang, Chih-Yuan Wang, Shih-Tsang Tang, and Jiun-Hung Lin. "A biofeedback portable system for panic disorder." In 2010 International Conference on Electronics and Information Engineering (ICEIE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceie.2010.5559840.

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SHEAR, M. KATHERINE, and JACK D. MASER. "STANDARDIZED OUTCOME ASSESSMENT IN PANIC DISORDER TREATMENT." In IX World Congress of Psychiatry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814440912_0140.

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Karayağız, Ş. "AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY IN PANIC DISORDER – KAYSERI CASE." In International Conference on Research in Humanities and Social Sciences. Acavent, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/icrhs.2018.12.05.

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ZACHARAKIS, C., and G. TAGARIS. "QUANTITATIVE EEG IN PANIC DISORDER PATIENTS AND NORMAL CONTROLS." In IX World Congress of Psychiatry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814440912_0133.

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Russell, Vincent, Rachel Barry, and David Murphy. "HAVE Experience: An Investigation into VR Empathy for Panic Disorder." In 2018 IEEE Games, Entertainment, Media Conference (GEM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gem.2018.8516461.

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Kaschka, Wolfgang P., Herbert Feistel, and Dieter Ebert. "Limbic Asymmetry Confirmed by Iomazenil SPECT in Patients with Panic Disorder." In IX World Congress of Psychiatry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814440912_0024.

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