Relevant bibliographies by topics / Panjabis

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Panjabis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Panjabis"

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Nesbitt, Eleanor. "Panjabis in Britain: Cultural History and Cultural Choices." South Asia Research 15, no. 2 (September 1995): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026272809501500203.

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Lacroix, Thomas. "Transnationalisme villageois et développement : Kabyles algériens, Chleuhs marocains en France et Panjabis indiens en Grande-Bretagne." Revue européenne des migrations internationales 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/remi.5777.

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Gill, Navyug. "Limits of Conversion: Caste, Labor, and the Question of Emancipation in Colonial Panjab." Journal of Asian Studies 78, no. 1 (September 18, 2018): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911818000918.

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This article explores the contradictory history of lower castes converting out of Hinduism yet not out of lowliness or casteism in early twentieth-century Panjab. It begins by contextualizing what B. R. Ambedkar's undelivered 1936 Lahore speech on annihilating caste might have meant to an audience of largely landless agricultural laborers. Next it examines the changing constellation of caste names and occupational designations for these groups amid the emergence of the Ad Dharm movement and its struggle to impart equality, dignity, and community to Panjabi Dalits. To situate this new sense of identity in the context of actual labor practices, the article then analyzes the fraught relationship between landholding cultivators and landless laborers working side-by-side while continuing to be separate and unequal. That a large proportion of lower castes could adopt religions other than Hinduism or even start their own and yet remain excluded and exploited reveals the limits of a politics centered on conversion, as well as a different horizon for emancipation.
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Matringe, Denis. "The Panjab and Its Popular Culture in the Modern Panjabi Poetry of the 1920s and Early 1930s." South Asia Research 15, no. 2 (September 1995): 189–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026272809501500202.

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Rampton, M. B. H. "Interracial Panjabi in a British adolescent peer group." Language in Society 20, no. 3 (September 1991): 391–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500016559.

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ABSTRACTSeveral sociologists have noted the emergence of syncretic multiracial youth cultures in Britain and addressed its political significance. Most discussion has focused on Afro-Caribbean influences, but this article considers Asian involvement by analyzing the use of Panjabi by black and white adolescents in a mixed peer group. Informant reports suggested that Panjabi crossing was common, though assessments varied according to its contexts of occurrence. Analysis of spontaneous speech reduced these to two: agonistic interactions, where Panjabi played an auxiliary role in familiar playground practices (primarily among males); and bhangra, in which predominantly white females looked toward a nascent youth culture with Panjabi at its core. Despite major differences, bilingual sponsors and nonconversational structures were crucial in both settings. Opposition to establishment hierarchy might be more a part of the interracial meaning potential of Creole, but Panjabi was important, both in managing the divisions that cross-cut youth community and in extending horizons beyond the confines of local neighborhood experience. (Ethnography of communication, ethnic relations, adolescent multilingualism, language contact, code-switching, second language learning)
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Panjabi, Manohar M. "Manohar M. Panjabi." Spine 30, no. 13 (July 2005): 1475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000168917.71443.9e.

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Sharma, Murari. "Panjabi adolesecents' attitudes to English and Panjabi: some South London data." Childhood 1, no. 3 (August 1993): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/090756829300100303.

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Sulaiman, Herri, and Fuad Nasir. "Ethnomathematics: Mathematical Aspects of Panjalin Traditional House and Its Relation to Learning in Schools." Al-Jabar : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 11, no. 2 (December 19, 2020): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v11i2.7081.

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This study was aimed to improve the learning process at school through ethnomathematics culture-based learning, namely the Panjalin traditional house. The purpose of this study was to explore the culture of Panjalin society as a medium for learning mathematics. Through culture-based learning, students were expected to improve their mathematics learning outcomes. The results showed that there were mathematical concepts and activities in the Panjalin traditional house. Students should learn the theories about mathematical concepts and know their application. The result of the study was aimed to examine the aspects of mathematics in the Panjalin traditional house and its relationship with mathematics learning at schools.
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Maharani, Anggita, and Seka Maulidia. "Etnomatematika Dalam Rumah Adat Panjalin." WACANA AKADEMIKA: Majalah Ilmiah Kependidikan 2, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.30738/wa.v2i2.3183.

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This study aims to improve the learning process at school by using culture-based learning that is ethnomatematics at the Panjalin traditional house. The purpose of this study is to explore the culture of the Panjalin community as a medium for learning mathematics. Through culture-based learning, it is expected that students can improve their mathematical learning outcomes. The results showed that there were mathematical concepts and activities at the Panjalin Traditional House. Students learn theories about mathematical concepts, then know the application of these mathematical concepts. The results of the study aimed to review the benefits of ethnomatematics-based mathematics learning that can motivate students and make the results of research on ethnomatematics at Panjalin traditional house as an alternative idea of mathematics learning outside the classroom and used as reference material for the preparation of contextual mathematical problem solving questions.
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HAGITA, Hiroshi. "Panjabi-Speakers and Urdu in Pakistan." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 48, no. 1 (1999): 555–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.48.555.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Panjabis"

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Larrea, Mendizabal Imanol. "Les Actituds lingüístiques dels immigrants panjabis adults a Catalunya." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402437.

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Aquesta tesi explora les actituds, tant vers les llengües d’origen com vers el català, el castellà i l’anglès, dels immigrants panjabis adults a Catalunya. S’han entrevistat panjabis procedents de l’Índia i del Pakistan i autòctons, amb l’objectiu de conèixer tant les actituds dels immigrants com les percepcions que en té la societat d’arribada. Es complementa el coneixement de les actituds vers les llengües d’origen mitjançant una anàlisi de la premsa índia i pakistanesa. L’anàlisi identifica un contínuum d’actituds i en construeix unes tipologies. La variabilitat més gran es troba en les actituds vers el panjabi i el català, ja que les actituds vers les llengües dominants són positives en general. Quant a la relació entre les actituds vers les llengües d’origen i d’arribada, es conclou que no necessàriament existeix transposició d’actituds. La tesi acaba amb recomanacions per a l’acollida lingüística en relació amb el català i el panjabi.
This thesis explores adult Panjabi immigrants’ attitudes in Catalonia towards the languages of their countries of origin, as well as Catalan, Spanish and English. Panjabi immigrants of either Indian or Pakistani origin, as well as autochthonous people, were interviewed with the objective of knowing about the immigrants’ attitudes and about the perceptions of the society of arrival. Data on the attitudes towards the languages from the immigrants’ countries of origin were completed with an exploration of the Indian and Pakistani press. Through the analysis, a continuum of attitudes was identified, which allowed the construction of some typologies. The greatest variability was found in the attitudes towards the Panjabi and Catalan languages, since the attitudes towards dominant languages were positive in general. Regarding the relationship between the attitudes towards the languages of origin and the languages of arrival, it is concluded that there is not necessarily a transposition of attitudes. Finally, some measures to improve language reception related to the Catalan and Panjabi languages are suggested.
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Koehn, Sharon Denise. "A fine balance : family, food, and faith in the health-worlds of elderly Punjabi Hindu women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ40539.pdf.

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Ruiz, Stevie R. "Sexual racism and the limits of justice a case study of intimacy and violence in the Imperial Valley, 1910-1925 /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1474764.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed April 14, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-78).
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Kaur, Karamjit Sandhu. "Becoming Hong Kong-Punjabi : a case study of racial exclusion and ethnicity construction." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/635.

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Wormald, Jessica. "Regional variation in Panjabi-English." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13188/.

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The research presented in this thesis details the linguistic patterns of two contact varieties of English spoken in the UK. Based on an analysis of recordings made in two British cities, the research assesses the influence of Panjabi on the English spoken in Bradford and Leicester. In addition, it considers what the role and influence of the respective regional ‘Anglo English’ variety is having on the development of the contact variety in each location. The research here focusses on variation in voice quality, the vowels FACE, GOAT and GOOSE, and the realisation of /r/. For voice quality, a vocal profile analysis (e.g. Laver 1980) was completed for each of the speakers included in the corpus with characteristic vocal settings observed among Panjabi and Anglo English groups. The results from a dynamic vowel analysis of F1 and F2 variation across the trajectory for FACE, GOAT and GOOSE illustrated that despite the cross regional similarities which are observable in Panjabi English, local interpretations are crucial. A combined auditory and acoustic analysis of /r/ in word initial and medial position revealed divergent regional patterns in Panjabi English. A number of arguments are put forward to account for the linguistic parallels reported here, and more widely, in contact varieties of English in the UK. The findings of the thesis contribute to a growing body of work that explores the development of contact varieties spoken in the UK, with this thesis concentrating on the development of ‘Panjabi English’ in two locations simultaneously. The patterns observed are accounted for by considering research from both language and dialect contact research, with the thesis drawing together ideas from these two separate fields. The claims put forward argue that the similar patterns observed can be considered to be independent innovations, with contact processes accounting for the linguistic correspondences.
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John, Asher. "Two dialects one region a sociolinguistic approach to dialects as identity markers /." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/704.

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Varis, Shah Matringe Denis. "Hīr Vāris̤ Śāh. poème panjabi du XVIIIe siècle /." Pondichéry : Institut français, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35034349t.

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Columeau, Julien-Régis. "Les mouvements pour le panjabi à Lahore entre 1947 et 1960." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0144.

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Le panjabi, en tous ses dialectes, est une langue indo-aryenne lointainement issue du sanskrit comme le français l’est du latin et parlée aujourd’hui par plus de 108 millions de locuteurs au Pakistan et par plus de 42 millions en Inde. Cette répartition résulte de la partition de l’Inde britannique en 1947 entre l’Union indienne (ou, plus simplement, l’Inde) et le Pakistan, qui vit la province du Panjab – dont le nom, les « cinq eaux » en persan, renvoie aux cinq grands affluents de rive gauche de l’Indus – divisée selon une ligne de partage attribuant au Pakistan les districts à majorité musulmane et à l’Inde les districts à majorité hindoue ou sikhe. Du côté indien, en 1966, le nouvel État province du Panjab, linguistiquement composite, fut à la suite d’un long mouvement d’agitation des sikhs, divisée en trois États de l’Union, dont le Panjab avec pour langue officielle le panjabi. Du côté pakistanais, le Panjab devint l’une des provinces du nouveau pays. Mais les gouvernements pakistanais successifs ont établi l’ourdou comme langue officielle du Pakistan et du Panjab, sans jamais reconnaître au panjabi le moindre statut officiel dans la province où il est parlé comme langue maternelle par la quasi-totalité de la population. Or il existe en panjabi une riche et diverse littérature dont les premières attestations remontent au 16e siècle. Toute une partie de cette littérature s’est développée en contexte musulman et en écriture arabe adaptée, et elle forme l’héritage littéraire des Panjabis pakistanais. Une telle situation a très vite généré des tensions au Pakistan, des intellectuels panjabis réclamant un statut pour leur langue dans un pays où les tensions sociales et politiques ont toujours été très vives et où la démocratie a toujours été menacée par une armée toute puissante et des forces islamistes très actives. C’est ce que les chercheurs ont appellé le mouvement panjabi, et notre thèse porte sur les débuts de ce mouvement, jusqu’en 1960. Notre thèse se présente en deux grandes parties. La première est consacrée au contexte dans lequel est né le mouvement panjabi : politique linguistique d’imposition de l’ourdou d’une part, et mouvements linguistiques nés en réaction à ladite politique d’autre part, dans les autres provinces de ce qu’était le Pakistan d’avant la sécession de son aile orientale, devenue le Bangladesh, et au Panjab, à propos duquel est retracée l’histoire du début des mouvements de défense et de diffusion du panjabi. La deuxième partie, qui relève autant de l’histoire sociale que de l’histoire culturelle, commence par caractériser le champ intellectuel de Lahore, capitale politique et intellectuelle du Panjab pakistanais. Dans ce champ, nous identifions trois groupes agissant pour la promotion du panjabi, que nous appellons respectivement traditionaliste, marxiste et moderniste. Nous avons procédé à l’histoire de chacun de ces groupes jusqu’en 1960, présentant et étudiant ses activités et sa production littéraire ainsi que son discours et le profil social de ses membres et caractérisant sa stratégie et son impact
Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken today by more than 108 million speakers in Pakistan and by more than 42 million in India. This distribution results from the partition of British India in 1947 between the Indian Union and Pakistan, as a consequence of which the province of Punjab was divided along a line attributing to Pakistan the predominantly Muslim districts and to India the predominantly Hindu or Sikh districts. On the Indian side, in 1966, the new, linguistically composite, province of Punjab was the result of a long movement of Sikh agitation, divided into three states of the Union, including Punjab with Punjabi as its official language. .On the Pakistani side, Punjab became one of the provinces of the new country. But successive Pakistani governments have established Urdu as the official language of Pakistan and Punjab, without ever granting to Punjabi any official status in the province where it is spoken as a mother tongue by almost the entire population. There is a rich and diverse literature in Punjabi, whose earliest records date back to the 16th century. Much of this literature has developed in Muslim context and adapted Arabic writing, and it forms the literary legacy of the Pakistani Punjabis. Such a situation very quickly generated tensions in Pakistan, with Punjabi intellectuals demanding a status for their language in a country where social and political tensions have always been very strong and where democracy has always been threatened by an all-powerful army and very active Islamist forces.This is what scholars have called the Punjabi movement, and my thesis focuses on the beginnings of this movement, until 1960. My thesis is divided in two major parts. The first is devoted to the context in which the Punjabi movement was born: linguistic policy of imposition of Urdu on the one hand, and linguistic movements born in reaction to the said policy on the other hand, in the other provinces of what was Pakistan before the secession of its eastern wing, as well as in Punjab. I have in this part presented the history of the Punjabi movement in undivided India (until 1947).The second part begins with a mapping of the intellectual field of Lahore, the political and intellectual capital of the Pakistani Punjab. In this field, I have identified three groups acting for the promotion of Punjabi, which I have called respectively Traditionalists, Marxists and Modernists. I have traced the history of each of these groups until 1960, presenting and analyzing its activities and literary output as well as its discourse and the social profile of its members and characterizing its strategy and impact
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Saxena, Mukul. "A sociolinguistic study of Panjabi Hindus in Southall : language maintenance and shift." Thesis, University of York, 1995. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21070/.

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Al, Haq Shuja. "Sufism, and its development in the Panjab." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503455.

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Books on the topic "Panjabis"

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Borḍ, Pākistān Panjābī Adabī, ed. Apnā garān̲ ho ve: Ẓilaʻ Aṭṭak dā lok adab. Lāhaur: Pākistān Panjābī Adabī Borḍ, 2009.

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Mukherjee, Aditi. Language maintenance and language shift: Panjabis and Bengali in Delhi. New Delhi: Bahri Publications, 1996.

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Siṅgha, Guramīta. Pañjābī lokadhārā de kujha pakkha. Ludhiāṇā: Pañjābī Rāīṭaraza Koāpreṭiwa Susāiṭī, 1985.

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Pañjābī loka-manorañjana: Sarota ate paramparā. Phagawāṛā: Pañjābī Sāhita ate Sabhiācāra Sadana, 2001.

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Pūnī, Balabīra Siṅgha. Pañjābī lokadhārā ate sabhiācāra. Ammritasara: Wārisa Shāha Phāuṇḍeshana, 1992.

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Pūnī, Balabīra Siṅgha. Pañjābī lokadhārā ate sabhiācāra. Ammritasara: Wārisa Shāha Phāuṇḍeshana, 1992.

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Kahūṭ, Cauhdarī Naz̲īr. Āo, Panjābī ko qatl karen̲. Karācī: Vāris̲ Shāh Pablīkeshanz, 1992.

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Nagra, J. S. A-Level Panjabi =: A laiwala Panjab. Coventry: J.S. Nagra, 1985.

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Siṅgha, Jasawindara. Sabhiācāra ate kissā-kāwi, 1900-1950. Paṭiālā: Sedha Prakāshana, 1985.

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Singh, Gill Eric Vikramjeet, ed. Heer Ranjha and other legends of the Punjab. New Delhi: Harman Pub. House, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Panjabis"

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Rampton, Ben. "Panjabi (iii)." In Crossing, 237–63. Third edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2017] | Series: Routledge linguistics classics series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205915-10.

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Rampton, Ben. "Panjabi (i)." In Crossing, 102–19. Third edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2017] | Series: Routledge linguistics classics series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205915-4.

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Rampton, Ben. "Panjabi (ii)." In Crossing, 168–97. Third edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2017] | Series: Routledge linguistics classics series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205915-7.

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Madhani, Nita. "First Language Panjabi Development." In Working with Bilingual Language Disability, 50–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2855-9_4.

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Singh, Sukhdave, Tony McEnery, and Paul Baker. "Building a parallel corpus of English/Panjabi." In Text, Speech and Language Technology, 335–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2535-4_17.

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Stokes, Jane, and Nita Madhani. "7. Perspectives on Working with Preschool Children from Panjabi-, Gujarati- and Bengali-Speaking Families." In Multilingual Perspectives on Child Language Disorders, edited by Janet L. Patterson and Barbara L. Rodríguez, 149–75. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781783094738-009.

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"Panjabi." In The Indo-Aryan Languages, 605–45. Routledge, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203945315-25.

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"Panjabi Language, Scripts and Grammar: A Spatio-temporal Perspective." In Panjabi, 35–54. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2016] |: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315760803-10.

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"Language as a Social Semiotic or." In Panjabi, 55–68. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2016] |: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315760803-11.

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"Panjabi Sounds and Script." In Panjabi, 71–98. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2016] |: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315760803-13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Panjabis"

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El-Rich, M., and A. Shirazi-Adl. "On the Stability Analysis of the Human Spine." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43246.

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The stability of the human spine in compression has attracted a considerable amount of attention in recent years. The passive ligamentous thoracolumbar and lumbar spines are known to exhibit large displacements or hypermobility (i.e., instability in an imperfect column) under compression loads <100N. Since such compression loads are only a small fraction of those supported by the spine even in regular daily activities, let aside the manual material handling tasks, the question arises as to how the spine is stablized in vivo? Various stabilizing mechanisms have been proposed and investigated; wrapping loading [Shirazi-Adl and Parnianpour, 2000], postural adaptations [Shirazi-Adl and parnianpor, 1999], intra-abdominal pressure [Cholewicki et al, 1999] and muscle activation/coactivation [Bergmark, 1989; Crisco and Panjabi, 1991]. In this work, a novel kinematics-based methad [Shirazi-Adl et al., 2002] is first applied to compute muscle forces and internal loads in standing postures under gravity with or without 200N loads held either on sides or close to the body in front. The stability of the system under given loads and prescribed postures is sudsequently examined using both linear bucking analysis based on the deformed configurations and nonlinear analysis while employing a liner stiffness-force relationship for muscules [Bergmark, 1989; Crico and Panjabi, 1991]. The relative accuracy of foregoing methods in stability analysis of some sample structures is also investigated. Moreover, the effect of co-activity on stability of the spine in neutral postures is studied.
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Singh, Raman, Harish Kumar, and R. K. Singla. "Performance analysis of an Intrusion Detection System using Panjab University Intrusion DataSet." In 2015 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Engineering & Computational Sciences (RAECS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/raecs.2015.7453280.

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Navjyoti, Seema Vasishta, and Maninder Kaur. "Reengineering Challenges into Opportunities for Managing Modern Libraries A Case Study of AC Joshi Library Panjab University Chandigarh." In 2018 5th International Symposium on Emerging Trends and Technologies in Libraries and Information Services (ETTLIS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ettlis.2018.8485227.

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Moore, Susan M., Mary T. Gabriel, Maribeth Thomas, Jennifer Zeminski, Savio L. Y. Woo, and Richard E. Debski. "The Effect of the Accuracy of Various Measuring Devices on Recorded Joint Kinematics." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61551.

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Knowledge of joint kinematics contributes to the understanding of the function of soft tissue restraints, injury mechanisms, and can be used to evaluate surgical repair techniques. (Tibone, McMahon et al. 1998; Karduna, McClure et al. 2001; Abramowitch, Papageorgiou et al. 2003) Previous studies have measured joint kinematics using a variety of non-invasive methods that include: optical tracking, magnetic tracking, and mechanical linkage systems. (Rudins, Laskowski et al. 1997; Apreleva, Hasselman et al. 1998; Gabriel, Wong et al. 2004) These measurement devices report kinematics of rigid bodies with respect their own global coordinate system. However, it is often useful to understand these kinematics in terms of a coordinate system whose axes coincide with the degrees of freedom of each specific joint (anatomical coordinate systems). Once the kinematics are obtained with respect to the global coordinate system of the measurement device, the joint kinematics can be calculated with respect to anatomical coordinate systems if the relationship between the measurement device and the anatomical coordinate systems are known. Although the accuracy of these kinematic measurement devices is provided by the manufacturer, the effect of their accuracy on joint kinematics reported with respect to anatomical coordinate systems must be determined. (Panjabi, Goel et al. 1982; Crisco, Chen et al. 1994) For example, small errors in orientation of the measurement system could lead to large errors in position for an anatomical coordinate system located at some distance away. As researchers report joint kinematics with respect to the anatomical coordinate systems, understanding the errors produced by one’s measurement device with respect to the anatomical coordinate systems is necessary. Further, a great deal of interest exists for studying knee joint kinematics. (Sakane, Livesay et al. 1999; Lephart, Ferris et al. 2002; Ford, Myer et al. 2003) Within our research center our goal is to collect knee joint kinematics of a cadaver and reproduce them with respect to the anatomical coordinate systems using robotic technology. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of the accuracy of three measurement devices (optical tracking device-OptoTrak® 3020, magnetic tracking device-Flock of Birds®, instrumented spatial linkage-EnduraTec Corp.) on knee joint kinematics reported with respect to an anatomical coordinate system.
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