Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Panneaux de grandes particules'
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Mairesse, Fabrice. "Contrôle dimensionnel de panneaux de particules de grandes dimensions par traitement d’images." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS074.
Full textThis thesis deals with the dimensional control, in industrial conditions, of large manufactured particleboards. Two principal problematics were broached: the mosaicking due to acquisition conditions and the measure of distorted circular forms. For the first problematic, a solution based on interest points search by hessian matrix combined with a local characterization by Census transform was revealed as an efficient method. The second problematic, due to the crumbly nature of the material and obstructions by the coating, is the measure of imperfect edge drillings. In order to compensate distortions, a multi-scale approach by active contours was developed. This one gives, in one pass, a set of approximations of the initial outline around a global scale factor. More regularized outlines are then generated more or less close to the original form following a second scale parameter. The estimator of obtained circular forms characteristics is done with a new estimator based on the Radon transform. Circle's tangents allow to find the center and the radius. The method is based on an accumulation principle in discrete geometry and discretized parametric fitting, giving a subpixel precision. This new approach is more accurate than classical estimators in the framework of distorted circles
Grandmont, Jean-Frédéric. "Analyse structurale du système âme-semelles de poutrelles en bois à configuration en I." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28563/28563.pdf.
Full textResearch and development of wood I-joist design has often relied on laboratory testing and on empirical approach. Oriented strand board (OSB) has been used successfully as web material but its behavior within the I-joist needs to better be defined in order to improve wood I-joist design. The overall objective of this study is to develop a model that would simulate the deflection and shear strain of a wood I-joist in bending and to develop a better understanding of the web properties impact on the overall I-joist bending behavior. This was pursued by specifying three specific objectives: • Identify web mechanical properties that should be determined experimentally due to their impact on I-joist deflection and shear strain. • Determine the OSB web mechanical properties, including their variability, required to develop a finite element model of wood I-joist bending behavior. • Determine the impact of OSB physical and mechanical properties variability on I-joists bending behavior. To determine which OSB properties have higher impact on I-joist shear strain and deflection, a sensitivity study was performed with a finite element method (FEM) based model. The OSB mechanical properties were changed in a numerical model from 50% to 200% of the reference value to determine their impact on web shear strain and I-joist deflection. The model was primarily sensitive to in-plane web shear stiffness, which changed I-joist deflection up to 23%. The model was also sensitive to the web tensile modulus of elasticity parallel and perpendicular to joist length. These properties changed I-joist deflection up to 2% and 1%, respectively. The important or sensitive OSB web mechanical properties were determined by a methodology developed to obtain reliable mechanical properties of I-joists OSB web, including variability. OSB panel samples were scanned by X-rays to measure in-plane density variation. Specimens were cut from pre-defined homogeneous density areas in three different orientations (parallel, perpendicular, and diagonal to the strong axis) to measure three basic elastic properties required for an elastic model of I-joists OSB web: modulus of elasticity (MOE) parallel and perpendicular to the panel’s strong axis and shear modulus (G). Given the required small specimen size, shear modulus was determined using a combination of in-plane tensile MOEs, including MOE at 45 degrees. The results showed a strong relationship between OSB density and small-scale mechanical properties: coefficients of determination (R2) varied between 0.57 and 0.79. This provided information on I-joist OSB web mechanical properties as a function of density for input into a numerical model. Properties showed considerable variability in the 600–900 kg/m3 density range, with a 207% increase in tensile modulus of elasticity in the parallel direction, 187% in the perpendicular direction, and 172% at 45°. The mechanics-based OSB shear modulus equation used proved to be reliable. Finally, to determine the impact of OSB mechanical properties variability on I-joists bending behaviour, a series of simulations were performed. The inclusion OSB web heterogeneous properties over wood I-joist behavior in bending was investigated. The shear strain in the web and the I-joist deflection from full scale experimental results were first compared with model output considering homogeneous OSB web. Results showed a good correlation between simulated and full scale experimental bending test results values with deflection differences ranging from 9 to 24%. However, the model overestimated the shear strain. These differences were potentially due to the OSB local variability of density and mechanical properties. Based on a previously established density/properties relationship and on web OSB in-plane density mapping, OSB property heterogeneity was considered in the model. Simulation results including heterogeneous OSB properties (n=100) were then compared with those considering homogeneous properties (n=100). Shear strain distribution was altered in the web and a small (less than 1%) increase in deflection was observed. Based on density measured across the OSB web thickness and on the established density/properties relationship, simulations were performed to evaluate the effect of the vertical density profile on the simulated I-joist. A 1% deflection increase was observed as well as a lateral displacement of the bottom flange.
Gambier, François. "Valorisation des marcs de raisins épuisés : vers un procédé d'extraction de tannins condensés à grande échelle pour la production d'adhesifs pour panneaux de particules." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0174/document.
Full textWastes from the French wine industry are traditionally treated and upgraded in distilleries. This work deals with the study of an industrial-scale valorization of a final waste from distilleries: the spent grape pomace. Pomace from different French production areas were chemically characterized, in terms of condensed tannins and polysaccharides. An extraction process of condensed tannins has been optimized in laboratory and was then transferred to an industrial scale. Several extractions were carried out in three partner distilleries and chemical analysis (in terms of polyphenols, condensed tannins, sugars and inorganics) of the different isolated fractions were performed. Industrial extracts were used for the elaboration of the first particleboard whose adhesive constituted by 80% of grape pomace tannins and strengthened with a synthetic resin to satisfy the European standard for internal bond. These industrial extracts were also used to partially substitute a phenol-formaldehyde resin for the production of particleboards. Different post-treatments were performed on the pomace extracts in order to increase their chemical reactivity toward cross linking agents. Filtration with a cut-off of 1 µm led to a slight improvement in adhesive performances, whereas acid hydrolysis of the extract have degraded it. An ultrafiltration process of the extracts at 5 kDa or at 1 kDa enabled to get much more reactive extracts and opened up prospects for the production of bio-based adhesives for wood
Barbuta, Costel. "Lames de plancher d'ingénierie : Développement de substrats en OSB et caractérisation des contraintes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28687/28687.pdf.
Full textEngineered wood flooring (EWF) is a multilayer composite flooring product. The cross layered structure is designed to give EWF good dimensional stability under transient environmental conditions. However, during winter season in North America the indoor relative humidity could dramatically decrease and generate an important cupping deformation. The magnitude of this distortion depends on the physical and mechanical properties of each layer and moisture content changes. Baltic Birch Plywood (BBP [Russian and Finnish]) is widely used as substrate in the high quality EWF products, especially by Canadian manufacturers. The overall objective of this study was to develop an oriented strand board (OSB) as a substitute for the plywood used as a substrate for EWF. The specific objectives of this project were to develop a special OSB formulation to be used as a substrate for EWF; to manufacture and evaluate the EWF prototypes made with this substrate, to compare the prototype properties with those of commonly-used EWF; and to characterize the stresses developed in the substrate until delamination appears. Three-layers oriented strand boards were manufactured from two types of strands: a mixture of 90% aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and 10% paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), and 100% ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.). The OSB panels were fabricated following a factorial design of three resin contents, two vertical density profiles, and three weight ratios of the face and core layers. In order to choose the best combinations of the three factors, tests to determine bending properties, density, internal bond and thickness swelling were performed for each type of panel. Prototypes of EWF were made using five types of substrates: BBP, sheathing grade OSB, web stock OSB and the two prototypes of specialty OSB panels. The tests in conditioning chamber showed that BBP substrate constructions present the lowest distortion between humid and dry conditions. There were no significant differences in the distortion measured for BBP and aspen/birch OSB substrates. However, delaminations were observed in the OSB substrate after the test in conditioning chamber. A finite element model was used in order to characterize stresses developed in the EWF substrate in transient moisture content conditions. The physical and mechanical properties of OSB substrate were experimentally determined in laboratory on the OSB panels with a flat density profile. The finite element (FE) modeling was performed using the FE code MEF++. Good agreement has been found between the numerical and experimental EWF cupping deformation. The high stress regions in the distribution correspond to the delaminations observed on the OSB substrate. The results of this work demonstrate the potential of OSB to be used as substrate in EWF construction.
Feng, Yan. "Evaluation of sales and operations planning in a process industry." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27515/27515.pdf.
Full textKamoun, Cyrille. "Mise au point de nouveaux adhésifs aminoplastiques pour panneaux de particules." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10172.
Full textGirods, Pierre Zoulalian André Rogaume Yann. "Procédé multi-étagé de valorisation de déchets bois type panneaux de particules." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0026_GIRODS.pdf.
Full textBonduelle, Arnaud. "Caractérisation du panneau de particules surfacé mélaminé par son aptitude à l'usinabilité." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10433.
Full textEspinoza-Herrera, Raul. "Panneaux en gypse et particules de bois renforcés avec du ciment Portland." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20780.
Full textEspinoza, Herrera Raul. "Panneaux en gypse et particules de bois renforcés avec du ciment Portland." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26158/26158.pdf.
Full textPimapunsri, Kusol. "Conception intégrée de meubles réalisés en panneaux de fibres ou de particules." Grenoble INPG, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580568.
Full textThe companies need to integrate delocalized units in different domains during the design process although it increases complexity in the design process due to the globalization. The actors must introduce their constraints in a just need and be able to work in a multi-actor system. We present here how the proposed system solves the problems of imaginary complexity. A design system for furniture made of particleboard or fiberboard is developed to validate our approach. It integrates a designer, proposing the outlines of shapes and principal dimensions of product corresponding to the specifications. A technologist, an assembler, a mechanician, and a manufacturer allow carrying out gradually the adequate technological choices, to calculate the dimensions of various elements by taking account of quality standards and to evaluate the cost of the final obtaining product
Girods, Pierre. "Procédé multi-étagé de valorisation de déchets bois type panneaux de particules." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10026/document.
Full textWithin the environmental contexts of power generation and waste disposal, the present works deals with the validation and the optimisation of a multistage thermo chemical process of particleboard waste conversion (enhancement). These wastes are mostly associated with urea formaldehyde and melamine formaldehyde resins which contain a huge amount of nitrogen. Nitrogen causes the production of pollutants such as ammonia, isocyanic acid, cyanhydric acid and NOx… during classical thermo chemical process (combustion, pyrolysis and gasification). The process studied aims in a first time to remove nitrogen species from waste to produce a combustible solid and in a second time to convert this residual solid in a combustible gas. The first step consists in a low temperature pyrolysis (250°C to 400°C) during 3 to 15 minutes and assumes to eliminate 70 % of the initial nitrogen content for all studied conditions. The pyrolysis and/or the pyrolysis / gasification under water of the residue are then studied between 800°C and 1000°C. The higher temperature of reaction (1000°C) improves the production of gases and the energy efficiency of this second step and allow the production of hydrogen and carbon monoxide rich gases. The pyrolysis / gasification under water allows a total conversion of the solid which optimises the energy efficiency of the process. However, the pyrolysis under nitrogen produces a lower amount of gases but helps to catch a part of the nitrogen in the residual char. The char then produced is converted through an activation step, in an active char containing nitrogen functionalities with high adsorption capacities, especially for the trapping of phenol or other aromatic compounds in liquid phase. This multistage is thus a interesting way to enhance low cost raw matter like particleboard waste
Trong, Lucien. "La Résistance à la pourriture des panneaux contreplaqués et des panneaux de particules : étude expérimentale d'une méthode en conditions non stériles." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10006.
Full textWieland, Stefanie Pizzi Antonio. "Utilisation d'adhésifs respectueux de l'environnement pour la fabrication de panneaux dérivés du bois à faible émission de formaldéhyde." S. l. : S. n, 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2007_0103_WIELAND.pdf.
Full textTrong, Lucien. "La Résistance à la pourriture des panneaux contreplaquéss et des panneaux de particules étude expérimentale d'une méthode d'essai en conditions non stériles /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602973j.
Full textBen, Amor Anis. "Caractérisation du comportement hygromécanique des panneaux composites à base de bois finis asymétriquement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26760/26760.pdf.
Full textGrant, David Raymond. "Effets de la distribution de l'orientation des particules de couches extérieures sur les propriétés mécaniques des panneaux de particules orientées." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25596.pdf.
Full textVilleneuve, Emmie. "Utilisation de l'écorce de peuplier faux-tremble pour la fabrication de panneaux de particules." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21755/21755.pdf.
Full textThe bark is a not-desirable matter for the forest industry. The methods used to bury or burn bark are harmful to soil and air. Consequently, it’s important to look any alternative utilization of bark. The hypothesis on which this project is based is that is possible to manufacture particleboards from trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) bark while meeting the performance standards of the American National Standard Institute (ANSI). A factorial design was set-up to analyze the effect of three factors : panel density (600, 800 and 1000 kg/m³), resin content in the surface layer (6, 9 and 12 %) and type of binder (urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde) on the physical and mechanical properties of the panels. Each combination of factors was repeated three times. This gave a total of 54 panels of 560 X 460 X 8 mm for the analyzis. Panels of a density of 1000 kg/m3 made with phenol-formaldehyde resin were finally not manufactured due to a recurrent problem of delamination. The standards for modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength, linear expansion and hardness were met for certain combinations of the above mentioned factors. The modulus of rupture and thickness swelling were the critical properties of this study. The best panels were manufactured with phenol-formaldehhyde resin at a density of 800 kg/m3 and a resin content of 12 % in the surface layers. The comparison of the results obtained for the panels made with urea-formaldehyde (UF) and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) shows that the average values obtained for modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and internal bond strentgh are higher for PF resin, the average values obtained for hardness is higher for UF resin ; thickness swelling decreased for UF resin ; and the utilization of PF or UF resin does not have a significant impact on the linear expansion.
Wieland, Stefanie. "Utilisation d’adhésifs respectueux de l'environnement pour la fabrication de panneaux dérivés du bois à faible émission de formaldéhyde : caractérisation des paramètres de pressage : évaluation des propriétés des panneaux." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10103/document.
Full textThe standards concerning the formaldehyde emissions2 from wood based panels have become more restrictive; alternatives meeting the requirements of the standards are needed. Therefore, solutions for the industrial use of three types of adhesives were studied which are; tannin adhesives by silica-induced autocondensation, Urea-formaldehyde (UF) / polymeric phenyl isocyanate (pMDI) hybrid adhesives and formulations based on dimethoxyethanal (DME). The study related to the tannins showed that an industrial production of large particle particle boards pressed with steam injection is possible. The analyses made it possible to evaluate the tannin autocondensation reactions of the formulations and to optimize them for steam injection pressing. Most of the studied formulations satisfied the qualitative requirements of the standard for both internal bond strength and formaldehyde emission2. Besides, the potential use for exterior grade of these panels remains problematic. The experimentations on the UF/pMDI adhesives increased the knowledge in the field of the adhesives-panel properties interactions for medium density fiberboard (MDF). Important results were obtained by the study of the resin distribution by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Best results concerning the improvement of the panel properties were obtained for adhesive mixtures with low molar ratio UF and emulsifiable pMDI, satisfying the requirements of the standard, grade F **. However, grade F **** could only be reached by using 100 % of MDI. During the study related to the formulations of DME derived resins, new adhesive formulations were developed. The most promising formulation was selected and validated on industrial scale. It has shown to be able to satisfy the qualitative requirements of the standards with low formaldehyde emission2
Ngueho, Yemele Martin Claude. "Développement de panneaux de particules à base d'écorce d'épinette noire et de peuplier faux-tremble." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25190/25190.pdf.
Full textThis study aims at optimizing bark content and particle geometry in order to produce bark particleboards that can meet the usual performances required by the standard. Specific objectives were 1) to determine the effects of unextracted and extracted bark content, and particle geometry (shape, size and distribution) on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from black spruce and trembling aspen bark; 2) to highlight the effects of hot water treatment of bark on the bark particles/PF adhesive system as well as its impact on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from black spruce and trembling aspen bark. Fresh black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.)) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides (Michx.)) bark was collected from the debarking units of wood processing plants, treated (extracted) with hot water or not, dried, crushed in a hammer mill and sieved in four groups. The first group with particle size of 0.2-1.5 mm was used for the surface layer. The three other groups called fine, medium and coarse of particle size 1.5-2.6 mm, 2.6-5.0 mm and 5.0-7.0 mm. Wood particles were added to the bark particles to produce mixed wood bark particleboards. Particleboards of different bark content (50 and 100%), with a target density of 800 kg/m3 were manufactured and their mechanical and physical properties including the modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond (IB), Janka hardness (HJ), thickness swelling (TS), and linear expansion (LE) investigated and compared to a control made of 100% wood particles. The results showed that, while the mechanical properties of the particleboard made from black spruce and trembling aspen bark decreased with increasing bark content, the linear expansion (LE) increased and the thickness swelling (TS) increased slightly. The effect of particle size was observed mostly on the internal bond (IB). In spite of the low effective bark ratio of the coarse particles, the IB of the boards often decreased with increasing bark particle size. For the other properties, the boards made of 100% bark seem to be more affected by the particle geometry than those made of 50% bark. Particleboard made from 50% black spruce bark showed the highest MOE, MOR, IB and the lowest LE with values 12, 37, 54% lower and 45% higher than the control, respectively. Particleboard made from trembling aspen bark showed the lowest TS. The MOE, MOR, IB and HJ of boards made from 50% unextracted black spruce and trembling aspen bark met the requirements for commercial (M-1) and underlayment (PBU) panels of the ANSI A208.1-1999 standard. Hot water treatment affects the physical and chemical properties of the bark by decreasing the hydrophilic properties, the acidity and the amount of condensable polyphenols able to react with formaldehyde. A detrimental effect was noticed on all the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made from extracted bark except for the Janka hardness where no significant decrease was found.
Zhao-Kamoun, Chunhui. "Formulation de résines phénol-formol et phénol-urée-formol à prise rapide pour panneaux de particules." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10069.
Full textGilbert, Véronique. "Caractérisation des résidus provenant de l'industrie de la seconde transformation des panneaux de particules et de fibres." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23125/23125.pdf.
Full textAccording to Québec’s Règlement sur les matières dangereuses, wood residues containing resin are likely to be toxic residual dangerous matters because of their formaldehyde content. The management of these residues is problematic for the secondary board manufacturers because the majority might not operate a combustion boiler with high enough power to burn board residues in conformity with regulatory requirements. The recovery of these residues could be possible, but no decision can be taken without knowing the nature of the residues. The objective of this study is to characterize the residues coming from the secondary board manufacturers in the province of Québec in order to find opportunities for recuperating, recycling or disposing of these residues. A survey of secondary board processing plants has been conducted to draw a picture of the disposal of residues. A mail questionnaire was sent to a sample of plants within each industrial sector. The five points of contact method was applied, yielding a response rate of 32%. A quantification of the residues was made and the data was used to extrapolate the results to the whole of Québec industry. A segmentation of the results according to the size of the plant or to the industrial sector was made and significant differences were found between classes regarding the management, the use and the contamination of the residues. The majority of secondary board manufacturers send their board residues to landfill sites. This is the case of most small size mills. The survey indicates that 30 percent of the mills have experienced serious problem in managing these residues and they have already tried to find a better solution to dispose of them.
Trosa, Alessandro. "Résines à base de polyphénols naturels à très faible émission de formaldéhyde dans le collage de panneaux de bois." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10152.
Full textXing, Suying. "Potentiel des boues secondaires comme co-adhésifs de l'urée-formaldéhyde dans la fabrication des panneaux de particules." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30235/30235.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this work is to recycle secondary sludge (SS) and explore its potential as co-adhesive for Urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives used in particleboard manufacturing. We hypothesized that it is possible to use the SS as co-adhesive for the manufacture of composite panels made of wood particles. First, we modified UF resin by the addition of SS to synthesize a new co-adhesive. The results of the first approach showed that the curing time of the resin is very short and it was concluded that this approach is not applicable on an industrial scale. Although the first approach is rejected, some conclusions can be drawn: 1) The characteristics of the SS vary with the papermaking process, the plant and the sampling time. 2) Dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms show that the influence of SS on UF cure is noticeable. 3) Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) showed that there is an optimal ratio between the chemi-thermo-mechanical pulping CTMP (B) SS and UF. The second approach is to add SS in-situ in the process of panel making in different proportions. This approach is technically feasible and has been tested with SS from the three different sources (TMP, CTMP and Kraft). Preliminary trials were done. Then, a final experimental dispositive was set up to evaluate the potential of SS from these different processes as co-adhesives. Factors are the UF resin content (3 levels), the SS source (3 sources) and the proportion of SS (3 proportions). There was an optimal ratio of SS/UF according to the values of internal bond (IB) of particleboards from the preliminary trials. SS cannot be used as an adhesive alone for particleboards. In general, results of this study indicated that the use of SS from three different pulping processes as co-adhesive have several advantages including the possibility of manufacturing particleboards at reduced urea formaldehyde (UF) resin content and wood particles content, value-added utilization of pulp and paper sludge and, especially, reduction in formaldehyde emissions. The reduction of formaldehyde emission with the recycling of SS as co-adhesive has the most significant environmental benefit.
Kühn, Ansgar. "Amélioration des résines phénol-formaldéhyde pour panneaux de particules par ajout des résines époxys et leur coréaction." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10001.
Full textOsman, Hassan Zeinab. "Valorisation des panneaux de particules à partir de déchets agricoles, de tanins d'acacia nilotica et d'adhésifs synthétiques." Nancy 1, 2003. https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01746751.
Full textThe ground bark of subspecies of Acacaia nilotica, nilotica (Ann), tomentosa (Ant) adansonii, (Ana) and its pods (Pana) were extracted with hot water (90-95° C) for extraction period of 24 hours, then the extracts were spray dried at 65 °C, using a laboratoty spray dryer. The structural characteristics of the tannins derived from the four subspecies of Acacia nilotica were determined on their concentrated solutions by using different techniques such as C13 NMR analysis, measuring their gel times, Chemwindows and MALDI-TOF. The search for cheaper synthetic adhesives with high performance led to acceleration of the hardening of low condensation phenol formadehyde, PF resins (whichis known by having a long pressing time by addition of accelerators such as tannins, PMDI and urea. Evaluation of the low quality fibers (eucalyptus species) agricultural wastes (bagasse) and the bast plants (hemp) as sources of particles for panels manufacture has been studied. The hemp showed a great potentiality for production of panels suitable for furniture and joinery applications according to European standard European standard EN312 - 3, with most of the adhesive formulations used. However, the eucalyptus and the bagasse both fibers performed well with the tannins / paraformaldehyde glue mix. PUF alone and PMDI alone produced panels sometimes exceeding the specifications of European standard for panels for interior uses
Landim, Claudio. "Comportement hydrodynamique et grandes déviations de processus à une infinité de particules." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077242.
Full textBenois, Olivier. "Temps d'occupation et grandes déviations pour des systèmes à une infinité de particules." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUE5005.
Full textLu, Yanping. "Optimisation par essaim de particules application au clustering des données de grandes dimensions." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5112.
Full textPham, Duc Toan. "Analyse par le calcul à la rupture de la stabilité au feu des panneaux en béton armé de grandes dimensions." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1073/document.
Full textIn this contribution, an original and comprehensive method aimed at designing vertical concrete walls submitted to fire loadings, is proposed and developed, with a special emphasis on high rise panels used in industrial buildings. Indeed, when subjected to high thermal gradients, such slender structures exhibit quite significant out-of-plane movements, resulting in an eccentricity of the gravity loads and thus to bending moments in addition to the pre-existing compressive forces. It is such a change of geometry, which is all the more pronounced as the panel is tall, combined with a temperature-induced degradation of the constituent materials strength properties, which may explain why an overall collapse of the structure may occur, well prior to buckling instability. The proposed approach is fundamentally based on the theory of yield design. This theory is first applied to the determination of an interaction diagram, characterizing the fire resistance of a reinforced concrete panel cross-section. It is then implemented as a design method for analysing the stability of the panel in its previously calculated deformed configuration. The whole procedure is explained in full details in the simplified situation when the high rise panel can be modeled as a one-dimensional beam, leading to the exact determination of a dimensionless factor characterizing the stability of the panel. The method is then extended to deal with a more realistic, but somewhat more complex, configuration of a rectangular panel. Some preliminary results, which need to be further validated in a subsequent work, are finally produced. As a necessary complement to the mostly theoretical and computational approach presented in this work, a series of four-point bending tests has been performed on reduced scale slabs placed in a furnace. The results of these tests partially validate the predicted interaction diagram of a fire loaded panel section
Pedieu, Roger. "Valorisation des résidus d'écorce de bouleau blanc (Betula papyrifera) sous forme de fabrication de panneaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25504/25504.pdf.
Full textIn the year 2004 alone, 96 000 dry metric tons (DMT) of white birch bark were produced by forest industries in Quebec. This constituted approximately 2.7% of total bark production for the region. These barks which are mostly used for energy production would have generated more benefits had they been used for agglomerated panels manufacture. The objective of this research project was to set up strategies which will make possible to effectively use bark particles of white birch, for the manufacture of various types of medium density panels that meet the standard requirements of particleboards. The preliminary tests revealed that, it was difficult to manufacture medium density panels based on bark particles exclusively, due to the following disadvantages. (1): their low cellulose content, especially on the outer bark particles, does not make them a structural material like wood; (2): the granular form of the inner bark does not contribute to the interlacing effects, which strongly contribute to the improvement of panels bending properties; (3): the high concentration of suberins on the outer bark makes it very hydrophobic with a surface similar to teflon which is very difficult to wet; and (4): the outer and inner parts barks have different properties. In the face of such difficulties, the ideal solution consisted in designing mixed panels where these bark particles will be reinforced with wood particles, wood fibres and wood strands. The first panel type was set up - a mixed panel with wood fibres in the surface layers, and a mixture of wood fibres and inner bark particles of white birch in the core layer. The percentage of wood fibres (two levels) and the percentage of wood fibres added to the inner bark particles in the core layer (three levels) were the two panels manufacturing factors. All manufactured panels fulfilled the standard requirements for all mechanical properties. Panel with 25% wood fibres in the surface layers and 9% wood fibres mixed with bark particles in the core layer had the best mechanical properties, while panel with 22% wood fibres in the surface layers and 5% wood fibres mixed with bark particles in the core layer was the most dimensionally stable. The second panel type is composed of outer bark particles of white birch in the surface layers and wood material in the core layer. The two manufacturing factors were: the type of wood material in the core layer (wood particles versus wood fibres) and the percentage of outer bark particles in the surface layers. The statistical analysis method used made possible to select the panel with 45% outer bark particles of white birch in the surface layers and wood particles in the core layer as the best, especially by taking into account the dimensional stability criterion based on linear expansion measurement. The third panel type was a sub-flooring panel with a thickness of 8 mm and a density of 800 kg/m3. It was composed of outer bark particles in the surface layers and wood particles in the core layer. The two factors used for its experimental design were: the percentage of phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) used to bond bark particles of surface layers (three levels of percentage) and the treatment of bark particles used (untreated bark versus bark treated with soda). The bark particles were treated in order to highlight their impact on the properties of manufactured panels. The alkali treatment lowered the properties of manufactured panels because soda treatment weakened the structures of outer bark particles of white birch used. The best panel was that with untreated outer bark particles of white birch, bonded with the lowest percentage of PF (5%). The last panel type was a mixed panel with outer bark particles of white birch in the core layer and wood strands in the surface layers. Two factors were used in its setting-up: the orientation of strands in the surface layers (oriented versus not non oriented) and the type of material in core layer (untreated bark particles, a mix of untreated bark particle and 10% wood fibres, bark particle treated with soda). The alkali treatment did not produce the expected effects (improvement of panels’ mechanical properties). The statistical analysis used in a factorial design in complete blocks made possible to choose the panel with untreated outer bark particles without wood fibres addition as the best. The method used to manufacture the above-mentioned mixed panels permitted to add higher proportion of white birch bark particles in each manufactured panel. The result of the present research project demonstrates that, bark particles of white birch, could be an alternative source of raw material supply for wood-based composite mills.
Trudel, Gino. "Implantation d'un système de gestion de la qualité totale dans une unité de taille moyenne d'une grande entreprise de production de contreplaqué et de panneaux gaufrés /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1990. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textCe mémoire a été réalisé à l'Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en Gestion des PMO extensionné de l'UQAC à l'UQAT. CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Lépine, Emmanuel. "Synthèse d'adhésifs thermodurcissables à base de farine de soya et de furfural pour la fabrication de panneaux composites en bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30119/30119.pdf.
Full textThermoset adhesives for wood composite panels are generally from fossil, non-renewable resources. The use of soybean allows using a material from renewable resources that stores carbon during its growth. Furfural is also from renewable resources. Its use allows reducing formaldehyde emission of panels when it is used in resins. The resins synthesized during the present works were a furfural-phenol-formaldehyde (FuPF) and a FuPF + Furfurilized soybean (SoyFu). These resins have first been tested in particleboard manufacturing. The SoyFu resin has been mixed with a polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) resin, a hexamine cross-linked tannin resin and the FuPF. These three copolymers happened to be good choices and resulted in good particleboards. The SoyFu resin has been characterized with FT-IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and the FT-IR analysis proved that the furfural formally reacted with soybean. In chapter four, single layer randomly oriented strand boards have been made using the FuPF, the FuPF + SoyFu (50/50 proportions) and a commercial phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins. A short pressing time has been used and it allowed concluding in the importance of using a specific core adhesive for that kind of panel. A study to optimize the SoyFu resin has also been undertaken in this chapter. Shearing tests showed that it is better to use a high pH with a large amount of furfural (50 to 100% vs. soybean). In chapter five, the same resins have been used as face adhesives in three layers randomly oriented strand boards making. 3% of powder PF resin was sprayed in the core layer of all panels. The FuPF resin showed the same mechanical performance as the commercial PF while the FuPF + SoyFu showed inferior performance. The FuPF has been proven to be more resilient to thermal degradation after thermogravimetric analysis. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis showed that the furfural, the phenol and the formaldehyde react all with each other to form a FuPF polymer. All formaldehyde emission tests were under the detection limit of our method, the desiccator one.
Mansouri, Komsari Hamid Reza. "Amélioration des résines Urée-Formaldéhyde et Phénol-Formaldéhyde pour le collage des panneaux à base de bois." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10081/document.
Full textThe work in this thesis has tried to improve the characteristics of aminoplastic and phenolic resins used to make wood particleboard and plywood. To achieve this a number of different additives, active extenders and fillers have been added to the resins. These were polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI), micronized waste polyurethane (PUR) powders, a protein namely albumin, a number of fluorinated polyethers (PolyFox) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) polycondensates in which part of the formaldehyde was substituted with propionaldehyde to form urea (formaldehyde-propionaldehyde (UFP) resins. The totality of the formulations and methodologies used for the preparation of the resins is presented in this thesis. Four types of laboratory resins have been synthetised: UF (Urea-Formaldehyde), PF (Phenol-Formaldehyde), UFP (Urea-Formaldehyde-Propionaldehyde) and UP (Urea-Propionaldehyde). Two commercial UF resins have also been used. All the resins were analysed by 13C NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). The plywood and wood particleboard were prepared with the different glue-mixes, and tested according to the specifications of the relevant European Norms. Some of the panels were also analysed by X-ray microdensitometry and MEB
Kaufmann, André Cuenot Bénédicte. "Vers la simulation des grandes échelles en formulation Euler-Euler des écoulements réactifs diphasiques." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000131.
Full textMoreau, Mathieu Simonin Olivier. "Modélisation numérique directe et des grandes échelles des écoulements turbulents gaz-particules dans le formalisme eulérien mésoscopique." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000434.
Full textDeutsch, Emmanuel. "Dispersion de particules dans une turbulence homogène isotrope stationnaire calculée par simulation numérique directe des grandes échelles." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1454_edeutsch.pdf.
Full textMoreau, Mathieu. "Modélisation numérique directe et des grandes échelles des écoulements turbulents gaz-particules dans le formalisme eulérien mésoscopique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7551/1/moreau_mathieu.pdf.
Full textChoukri, Saad. "Mise en oeuvre de méthodes d'essais mécaniques pour la caractérisation de composites à renforts courts application à un compound (Kinel) et aux panneaux de particules /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603964t.
Full textDespres, Aurélien. "Mise au point de nouvelles résines aminoplastes écologiques à base de diméthoxyéthanal et sans formaldéhyde pour application en tant que colles pour panneaux de particules." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10101.
Full textThis@ work aimes at formulating new adhesives intended for the manufacture of particleboard without formaldehyde. This molecule being carcinogenic, another aldehyde: the non-toxic dimethoxyethanal (DME), is being used to formulate these new environnement-friendly adhesives. To achieve a goal of this study, two main research approaches were taken. First, resin synthesis was studied with the aim of obtaining the most reactive, stable long-life products. The second part of the worl consists in using post-addition additives, such as isocyanates and latexes, to increase significantly the performance of the resins. Throughout the study, particleboards are made and tested, according to the relevant standards and with the goal of getting to industrial manufacturing conditions. Thus, the finalised formulations and the application parameters have been optimised
Choukri, Saad. "Mise en œuvre de méthodes d'essais mécaniques pour la caractérisation de composites à renforts courts : application à un compound (Kinel) et aux panneaux de particules." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10617.
Full textNenonene, Amen. "Élaboration et caractérisation mécanique de panneaux de particules de tige de kénaf et de bioadhésifs à base de colle d'os, de tannin ou de mucilage." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7834/1/nenonene.pdf.
Full textLeblé, Thomas. "Comportement microscopique de particules en interaction : gaz de Coulomb, Riesz et log-gases." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066198/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of statistical physics systems which can represent charged interacting particles or eigenvalues of random matrices. We are interested in particle gases with logarithmic interaction in dimension 1 and 2 and with Coulomb/Riesz interactions in general dimension. We study the microscopic behavior by establishing a large deviation principle for the law of the empirical fields, governed by a free energy functional in which the temperature dependence appears. Minimizers of this free energy include the Sine-beta point processes defined in random matrix theory. We show the convergence to a Poisson point process at high temperature and in dimension 1 we prove crystallization in the zero temperature limit. For two-dimensional log-gases we establish a local law which bounds the fluctuations at any mesoscopic scale. We also treat the case of a 2D Coulomb gas with charges of opposite sign
Harrisson, Lise. "Caractérisation des papiers de finition et des panneaux de fibres de bois de haute densité (HDF) utilisés dans la production de plancher flottant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23490/23490.pdf.
Full textAbstract The lamination of HDF panels is an important step in laminate flooring production. This operation involves technical challenges which require knowledge regarding HDF panel warping occurring during lamination. In this regard, the determination of the physical and mechanical properties of saturated lamination papers and HDF panels used in the production of laminate flooring is strategic. The specific objectives of this study were the determination of the contraction coefficient and modulus of elasticity in traction of saturated papers, in addition to the evaluation of HDF thermal conductivity. Three types of papers were studied (overlay, decorative paper, backer) in two directions (machine direction and cross direction) and at three pressing times (0, 10 and 20 seconds). For each combination, ten repetitions were made. The determination of thermal conductivity was established on 7 and 8 mm boards, which had a density of 871 and 918 kg/m3 respectively. Three temperatures were studied (100, 150 and 200°C) for the same temperature difference of 25°C. Three samples were analysed three times for each experimental condition. The type of paper had a highly significant impact on the contraction coefficient, which is higher in cross direction and increases with pressing time. This study has also shown that for a given paper, the modulus of elasticity in traction is higher in the machine direction and increases with pressing time. We have also established that the modulus of elasticity increases linearly with paper basic weight before impregnation and decreases linearly with resin content. Temperature had a significant impact on the thermal conductivity of HDF panels most likely due to panel moisture content variation during testing. Thickness and density of HDF panels did not have a significant effect on thermal conductivity.
Vinkovic, Ivana. "Dispersion et mélange turbulents de particules solides et de gouttelettes par une simulation des grandes échelles et une modélisation stochastique lagrangienne." Phd thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/ivinkovic.pdf.
Full textIn order to study the dispersion of industrial stack emissions, a large eddy simulation with the dynamic subgrid-scale model of Germano et al. (1991) is coupled with Lagrangian tracking of fluid particles containing scalar, solid particles and droplets. Because most interactions between particles, such as chemical reactions, collisions, coalescence, breakup or evaporation, take place at a subgrid scale, it is important to model the movement of particles below the grid. Therefore, a Langevin model is coupled with the LES. The stochastic model is written in terms of subgrid-scale statistics at a mesh level. Finally, a model for droplet coalescence and breakup is implemented. Coalescence and breakup are considered as a stochastic process under the scaling symmetry assumption. The model is inspired by the stochastic model for secondary breakup of Apte et al. (2003). The results of the different models implemented in the LES are compared with various wind tunnel experiments
Comets, Francis. "A propos des systèmes de particules en interaction sur un réseau." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112312.
Full textWe are interested in particles systems located on a lattice, with different type of interaction For short range interaction on zd, we study the large deviation properties for the empirical field of a Gibbs measure we also cover the case of random interaction and derive some applications Next we study Glauber dynamics of a local mean field model on the torus in the asymptotics of a large number of particles The fluctuation process has to be rescaled in space and time at the critical temperature We analyse the dynamics of a change of attractor using large deviations techniques at low temperature we recover a description for nucleation We then need to study the stationary points in such a local mean field model this is tackled in the frame of bifurcation theory
Kaufmann, André. "Vers la simulation des grandes échelles en formulation Euler-Euler des écoulements réactifs diphasiques." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000131/.
Full textZanetti, Michela. "Technologies pour résines MUF de haute performance avec un taux faible de mélamine." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10063.
Full textThe characteristics of aminoplastic resins for particleboard applications have been improved throught a number of technologies. It was explained how some molecules, such as hexamethylenetetramine, methylal and melamine acetate, improve the performances of the adhesives. New additives were also tested : para-toluene sulphonic/morpholine, acetals, The effect of additives onto physical, chemical and mechanical properties was investigated by thermomechanical analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, low angle light laser scattering, polarized light optical microscopy and by manufacturing wood particleboards. It appears that the process used to synthesize melamine- urea-formaldehyde resins has some influence on the effect of additives on the behaviour of the resin. Some compounds as acetals increase melamine solubility and disrupt colloidal aggregations. Other compounds, as hexamethylenetetramine, have a buffering effect which allows to improve " hardening-degradation " equilibrium
Bonnin, Jean-Christophe. "Etude expérimentale des conditions d'écoulement à grandes vitesses de suspensions air-fines particules le long d'une conduite comportant de brusques changements de direction." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT2315.
Full textGirard, Anaëlle. "Matériaux hybrides organique-inorganique à base de résine et de particules d'oxydes : application dans les panneau photovoltaïques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0064/document.
Full textIn the current energetic context, the design of efficient solar photovoltaic panels represents one of the solutions to overcome the coming fossil fuels shortage. However, degradation phenomena of the encapsulant, one of the passive materials of the panel, have been evidenced as one of the reasons of the performance decrease. The aim of this PhD research work was to design, characterize and assess the different properties of more environment-friendly new hybrid organic-inorganic encapsulants. In this way, three materials have been developed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), terpenic resins and mineral fillers (silica or clay(Bentonite)). A first material including PVA, resin and silicates, in which both organic and inorganic networksare linked through strong covalent bonds (class II hybrid material), led to thermal and photochemical stabilities, and water vapor and oxygen barriers properties similar to those of commercial encapsulants.Dispersion of silica nanoparticles into PVA/terpenic resin mixture through weak bond then provided a class Ihybrid material showing rather good water vapor barrier properties but optical transmittance too low to beused as an encapsulant, due to the aggregation of the nanoparticles. Finally, despite an optical transparency that should be optimized, a class I hybrid material made of PVA, resin and Bentonite showed promisingbehavior with good thermal, photochemical and water barrier properties and remarkable oxygen barrier properties, which opens up new prospects in the field of food packaging