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Journal articles on the topic 'PAP flap'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Minkhorst, Kathryn, Valera Castanov, Erica Ai Li, et al. "Alternatives to the Gold Standard: A Systematic Review of Profunda Artery Perforator and Lumbar Artery Perforator Flaps for Breast Reconstruction." Annals of Plastic Surgery 92, no. 6 (2024): 703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0000000000003916.

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Introduction Breast reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is the current gold-standard autologous option. The profunda artery perforator (PAP) and lumbar artery perforator (LAP) flaps have more recently been described as alternatives for patients who are not candidates for a DIEP flap. The aim of this study was to review the survival and complication rates of PAP and LAP flaps, using the DIEP flap as a benchmark. Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Papers were screened by titl

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2

Matsumine, Hajime, Yosuke Niimi, and Hiroyuki Sakurai. "Gull-wing Stacked Profunda Artery Perforator Flap for Unilateral Breast Reconstruction." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 13, no. 6 (2025): e6933. https://doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000006933.

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Summary: The profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap, harvested from the medial aspect of the thigh, is increasingly used for breast reconstruction because of its low donor-site morbidity and ease of harvest. However, the PAP flap has a limited fat volume, which makes it difficult to use in women with larger breasts. To overcome this limitation, we have developed the “gull-wing stacked” PAP flap, which combines 2 PAP flaps with the aim of achieving adequate volume, projection, and aesthetic outcomes. We performed skin-sparing mastectomy followed by immediate reconstruction using 2 PAP flaps in 3

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Lhuaire, Martin, Kevin Haddad, Francesco-Saverio Wirz, et al. "Medium- and Large-Sized Autologous Breast Reconstruction using a Fleur-de-lys Profunda Femoris Artery Perforator Flap Design: A Report Comparing Results with the Horizontal Profunda Femoris Artery Perforator Flap." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 35, no. 01 (2018): 008–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1649508.

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Background The volume of the profunda femoris artery perforator (PAP) flap limits its indications to small- and medium-sized breast reconstructions after modified radical mastectomy for cancer. We report a modified PAP flap design, including not only a vertical extension that increases its volume but also the skin surface, which suits larger breasts requiring immediate or delayed breast reconstructions and compare the results with our horizontal skin paddle PAP flap experience. Patients and Methods In our center between November 2014 and November 2016, 51 consecutive patients underwent a PAP f

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Rivera-Serrano, Carlos M., Hattan A. Aljaaly, Jerry Wu, and Ming-Huei Cheng. "Vertical PAP Flap." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 5, no. 2 (2017): e1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000001189.

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Greige, Nicolas, David Nash, Ara A. Salibian, et al. "Estimation of Profunda Artery Perforator Flap Weight Using Preoperative Computed Tomography Angiography." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 36, no. 09 (2020): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713599.

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Abstract Background Given the relatively small size of thigh-based flaps and the possible necessity for a multiflap reconstruction, it is imperative to arrive at an accurate estimation of flap weight during preoperative planning. It was our objective to develop a novel technique for the preoperative estimation of profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap weight. Methods All patients that underwent transverse PAP flap breast reconstruction at two institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Subcutaneous tissue thicknesses were measured on axial computed tomography angiography scans at several predet

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Varnava, Charalampos, Shaghayegh Gorji, Sascha Wellenbrock, Tobias Hirsch, Maximilian Kückelhaus, and Philipp Wiebringhaus. "Enhancing Volume Precision in Breast Reconstruction: A BMI-Based Model for Predicting Flap Weight in Profunda Artery Perforator Flaps." Life 15, no. 4 (2025): 667. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15040667.

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Background: In recent years, the profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap has gained recognition as a viable technique in autologous breast reconstruction, demonstrating low donor site morbidity and favorable reconstructive outcomes. This study aims to highlight the recent refinements using the PAP flap for breast reconstruction focusing on preoperative volume prediction. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of breast reconstruction surgeries using the PAP flap at our institution between May 2018 and December 2022. A total of 114 PAP flaps performed in 96 patients

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Augustin, Angela, Petra Pülzl, Evi M. Morandi, et al. "Donor-Site Morbidity and Quality of Life after Autologous Breast Reconstruction with PAP versus TMG Flap." Current Oncology 29, no. 8 (2022): 5682–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29080448.

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The transverse myocutaneous gracilis (TMG) and the profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap are both safe choices for autologous breast reconstruction originating from the same donor region in the upper thigh. We aimed to compare the post-operative outcome regarding donor-site morbidity and quality of life. We included 18 patients who had undergone autologous breast reconstruction with a PAP flap (n = 27 flaps). Prospective evaluation of donor-site morbidity was performed by applying the same questionnaire that had already been established in a previous study evaluating TMG flap (n = 25 flaps) ou

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Qian, Bei, Lingyun Xiong, Jialun Li, et al. "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Microsurgical Safety and Efficacy of Profunda Artery Perforator Flap in Breast Reconstruction." Journal of Oncology 2019 (July 29, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9506720.

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Background. The profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap was first applied in breast reconstruction in 2010 by Robert J. Allen. It provided an alternative for autologous breast reconstruction in addition to traditional donor sites. Currently, literature reporting its microsurgical safety and efficacy is relatively sparse and heterogeneous. Objective. To clarify the evidence regarding microsurgical safety and efficacy of PAP flap in breast reconstruction, which may contribute to future surgical decision-making. Methods. Multiple databases were systematically searched by two independent reviewers.

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Cho, Min-Jeong, Sumeet S. Teotia, and Nicholas T. Haddock. "Classification and Management of Donor-Site Wound Complications in the Profunda Artery Perforator Flap for Breast Reconstruction." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 36, no. 02 (2019): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697903.

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Abstract Background Profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap breast reconstruction has emerged as a popular choice for patients who are not optimal candidates for autologous breast reconstruction using abdominal-based techniques such as the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. Despite increased utilization of PAP flaps, there are no previous studies on the donor-site morbidity. In this study, we present risk factors, classification of thigh wounds, and our management of donor-site wounds. Methods Retrospective review of 69 patients who underwent PAP flap from 2013 to 2016 was performed. Demo

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Franchi, Alberto, Filippo Andrea Giovanni Perozzo, Cesare Tiengo, et al. "SCIP/SIEA and PAP: The New Workhorse Flaps in Soft Tissue Reconstruction for All Body Regions." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 3 (2025): 921. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030921.

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Background: In reconstructive microsurgery, the aesthetic outcome has gained increasing importance, and new applications of flaps have been explored, focusing on improved donor site concealment. This paper presents our experience with flaps gaining popularity in reconstructive microsurgery, specifically the SCIP/SIEA and PAP flaps. Methods: Since August 2022, SCIP/SIEA and PAP flaps have been offered for soft tissue reconstruction across all body regions. These flaps were added to the other traditionally offered free flaps, such as RFF, mSAP, ALT, DIEP, and LD. Where the defect could be equall

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Saussy, Katharine, Mark Stalder, Stephen Delatte, Robert Allen, and Hugo St Hilaire. "The Fleur-de-PAP Flap for Bilateral Breast Reconstruction." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery Open 02, no. 01 (2016): e1-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1593752.

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AbstractThe authors present the case of a 42-year-old female patient who underwent autologous breast reconstruction using a new perforator flap designed from the medial and posterior thigh. Due to a prior abdominoplasty, the patient's abdominal donor site was unavailable to reconstruct her large, ptotic breasts, so an alternate approach was undertaken. The fleur-de-PAP flap is based on the same perforators employed by the standard profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap, but simultaneously incorporates tissue from both the transverse and vertical PAP flap skin paddles. This design maximizes flap

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Hammond, Jacob B., Jonathan A. Flug, Brittany M. Foley, et al. "A Newly Described, Highly Prevalent Arterial Pedicle Perfuses Both Gracilis and Profunda Artery Perforator Flap Tissues: An Angiographic Study of the Medial Thigh." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 36, no. 03 (2019): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698438.

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Abstract Background Novel secondary flap options are paramount for patients who are not candidates for common reconstructive methods. The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence of single arterial pedicle supplying both the gracilis muscle and medial thigh tissue carried in a profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap. Such a pedicle could allow the creation of a chimeric gracilis and PAP flap with a single-arterial anastomosis. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 157 lower extremity computed tomography (CT) angiograms to assess the vasculature of the thigh soft tissues. Imag

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Abigail, Berenice Gómez Valenzuela. "Autologous Breast Reconstruction: A Comparative Analysis of DIEP, PAP, and Latissimus Dorsi Flap Techniques." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research Studies 5, no. 05 (2025): 715–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15362410.

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Autologous breast reconstruction has become a cornerstone in post-mastectomy rehabilitation, offering superior aesthetic and psychological outcomes compared to implant-based techniques. Among the various perforator flap options, the Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator (DIEP), Profunda Artery Perforator (PAP), and Latissimus Dorsi (LD) flaps represent the most widely utilized approaches, each with distinct advantages and limitations. This article provides a comprehensive review of these techniques, focusing on vascular anatomy, surgical morbidity, flap viability, donor-site morbidity, and patie

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Cruz, Pacifico Armando M., Hironobu Aoki, Mariko Inoue, and Rei Ogawa. "Immediate Breast Reconstruction With Concurrent Profunda Artery Perforator Flap and Autologous Fat Grafting." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 13, no. 7 (2025): e6956. https://doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000006956.

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Summary: The profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap has become an important option in breast reconstruction, particularly for patients with prior abdominal surgery, insufficient abdominal tissue, or those who prefer to avoid abdominal scars. Despite its advantages, the PAP flap may be limited by insufficient volume relative to the size of the mastectomy defect. We present the case of a 64-year-old woman with scleroderma and a body mass index of 20.9 kg/m² who was diagnosed with right breast cancer. She underwent a nipple-sparing mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy, followed by immediate r

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Tanaka, Nobuyuki, Koichi Tomita, Yoshihito Itani, et al. "Efficacy of the Posterior Accessory Saphenous Vein as a Vein Graft in Breast Reconstruction Using Profunda Artery Perforator Flap." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 12, no. 9 (2024): e6129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000006129.

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Summary: The profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap, commonly used for small- to medium-sized breast reconstructions, offers easy harvest and inconspicuous donor-site scars. However, its shorter vascular pedicle compared with the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap limits its reach to lateral recipient vessels. This often requires strategic placement of perforators at the flap’s edge to extend reach, potentially causing congestion in the distal part of the flap. To address these challenges, using the posterior accessory saphenous vein (pASV) has proven effective. Using the pASV as a vein g

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Hammond, Jacob B., Chad M. Teven, Jonathan A. Flug, et al. "The Chimeric Gracilis and Profunda Artery Perforator Flap: Characterizing This Novel Flap Configuration with Angiography and a Cadaveric Model." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 37, no. 07 (2021): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723824.

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Abstract Background A chimerically configured gracilis and profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap is highly prevalent based on recent computed tomography (CT)-imaging data. The purpose of this study is to further characterize the vascular anatomy of this novel flap configuration and determine the feasibility of flap dissection. Methods To characterize flap arterial anatomy, lower extremity CT angiograms performed from 2011 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. To characterize venous anatomy and determine the feasibility of flap harvest, the lower extremities of cadavers were evaluated. Results

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Neurauter, Selina, Maria E. Casari, Angela Augustin, Theresia Stigger, Christine Brunner, and Dolores Wolfram. "Challenging Autologous Breast Reconstruction in Low BMI Patients with Profunda Artery Perforator (PAP) Flap: Impact of Skin Island Design on Complication Rates and Long-Term Aesthetic Outcomes." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 11 (2025): 3707. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14113707.

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Background: The Profunda Artery Perforator (PAP) flap is a viable alternative to the Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator (DIEP) flap, particularly for patients with low BMI and therefore insufficient abdominal tissue. To reduce the high complication rate, especially in our low BMI patient population, we have adapted the use of the vertical skin island design. This study compares complication rates and long-term outcomes of vertical versus horizontal skin island designs in PAP flap breast reconstruction. Methods: This prospective, single-center study included 20 patients who underwent PAP flap

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Steele, Thomas N., Sumeet S. Teotia, and Nicholas T. Haddock. "Multi-Flap Microsurgical Autologous Breast Reconstruction." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 17 (2024): 5324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175324.

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Microsurgical autologous breast reconstruction (MABR) remains the gold standard technique of breast reconstruction, providing a durable, natural, and aesthetically pleasing result. However, some patients may not be candidates for a traditional deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap, either due to abdominal tissue paucity, the need for higher-volume reconstruction, or prior surgical procedures. In these patients, alternative flaps must be considered to achieve the optimal result. Such configurations include the conjoined (or double pedicle) DIEP flap, and alternative flaps such as the

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Lakatta, Alexis C., Cyrus Steppe, Langfeier Liu, Thomas Steele, Sumeet S. Teotia, and Nicholas T. Haddock. "DIEP Flap Vs PAP Flap Vs LAP Flap: A Propensity Matched Analysis of Aesthetic Outcomes, Complications, and Satisfaction." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 12, no. 1S1 (2024): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.gox.0001006112.23596.81.

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Cho, Min-Jeong, Michael Schroeder, Jorge Flores Garcia, Abigail Royfman, and Andrea Moreira. "The Current State of the Art in Autologous Breast Reconstruction: A Review and Modern/Future Approaches." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 5 (2025): 1543. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051543.

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Background/Objectives: Modern breast reconstruction has undergone substantial evolution, with implant-based, pedicled autologous, and free autologous techniques. The purpose of this study is to review the current state of the art in free autologous breast reconstruction, highlighting advancements in the types of flaps, donor site selection, techniques, and functional restoration. Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed to capture studies related to well-known free flaps that are used for breast reconstruction. Studies for each flap type were reviewed and sorted for inclusion in

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Martinez, Carlos A., and Sean G. Boutros. "Avoiding Chest Wall Morbidity in Outpatient Microvascular Free-Flap Breast Reconstruction." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 2 (2025): 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14020602.

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Background. Removal of the rib and adjacent cartilage is a common step for exposure of the recipient chest vessels in free-flap breast reconstructions. However, this adds both short- and long-term morbidity to the procedure. We describe our experience in avoiding rib removal in microvascular breast reconstruction. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed recipient vessel preparation in free-flap breast reconstructions performed by a single surgeon (SGB). Results. A total of 556 consecutive patients, totaling 1106 flaps over 5 years, were assessed. Recipient vessels included IMA in 106

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Augustin, Angela, Evi M. Morandi, Selina Winkelmann, et al. "Long-Term Results after Autologous Breast Reconstruction with DIEP versus PAP Flaps Based on Quality of Life and Aesthetic Outcome Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 3 (2023): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030737.

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(1) Background: This work aimed to conduct a comparative study, providing long-term data about patient-reported outcome measures and donor site scar assessments, as well as an aesthetic evaluation of the reconstructed breasts in patients with DIEP versus PAP flap breast reconstruction. (2) Methods: This prospective, single-center, matched cohort study included a total of 36 patients after DIEP and PAP flap breast reconstruction. The evaluation was carried out using the Breast-Q and POSAS questionnaire, as well as the Breast Aesthetic Scale for cosmetic analysis, by four plastic surgeons. (3) R

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Cohen, Zack, Saïd C. Azoury, Jonas A. Nelson, et al. "The Preferred Design of the Profunda Artery Perforator Flap for Autologous Breast Reconstruction: Transverse or Diagonal?" Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 11, no. 8 (2023): e5188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000005188.

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Background: Since its introduction for autologous breast reconstruction in 2010, the profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap has emerged as a preferred choice when an abdominal flap is suboptimal. The traditional transverse design (tPAP) was popularized, given the inconspicuous donor scar. A diagonal design (dPAP) has since evolved to address some of the shortcomings of the tPAP. The authors aimed to compare outcomes of tPAP/dPAP flaps harvested for breast reconstruction by a single surgeon. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted from 2017 to 2022 of patients undergoing tPAP versus dPAP-b

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Murphy, Declan C., Andrea Figus, Chiara Stocco, and Sergio Razzano. "A comparison of patient reported outcome measures in patients who received both DIEP flap and PAP flap breast reconstructions." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 72, no. 4 (2019): 685–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2019.01.006.

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Murphy, Declan C., Sergio Razzano, Ryckie G. Wade, Richard M. Haywood, and Andrea Figus. "Inferior gluteal artery perforator (IGAP) flap versus profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap as an alternative option for free autologous breast reconstruction." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 75, no. 3 (2022): 1100–1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2021.09.043.

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Stocco, Chiara, Andrea Figus, and Sergio Razzano. "Upgrading the BREAST-Q questionnaire with donor site evaluation after PAP flap breast reconstruction." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 71, no. 6 (2018): 928–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2018.01.025.

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Hunter, J. E., A. M. Lardi, D. R. Dower, and J. Farhadi. "Evolution from the TUG to PAP flap for breast reconstruction: Comparison and refinements of technique." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 68, no. 7 (2015): 960–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2015.03.011.

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Ishiura, Ryohei, Minami Fujita, Megumi Furuya, Chihena Banda, and Mitsunaga Narushima. "Visualization of lymphatic ducts with preoperative ICG lymphography prevents donor-site lymphedema following PAP flap." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 71, no. 8 (2018): 1146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2018.05.046.

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29

Mattine, Samuel. "Peroneal Artery Perforator Flap (PAP): Clinical study of the anatomy of the first reliable perforator." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 54, no. 10 (2016): e170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.11.291.

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30

Kehrer, Andreas, Ming-Yi Hsu, Yu-Ting Chen, Neil S. Sachanandani, and Chung-Kan Tsao. "Simplified profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap design using power Doppler ultrasonography (PDU): A prospective study." Microsurgery 38, no. 5 (2017): 512–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/micr.30266.

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Hammond, Jacob B., Lyndsay A. Kandi, Chad M. Teven, et al. "PC2. THREE-DIMENSIONAL TISSUE RENDERING AND VOLUME ANALYSIS OF A NOVEL MEDIAL THIGH FLAP USING CT ANGIOGRAPHY: THE CHIMERIC GRACILIS AND PAP FLAP." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 10, no. 4S (2022): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.gox.0000828260.56790.38.

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32

Ciudad, Pedro, Rory Dower, Fabio Nicoli, et al. "Pelvic-perineal reconstruction with the combined transverse upper gracilis and profunda artery perforator (TUG-PAP) flap." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 69, no. 4 (2016): 573–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2015.11.019.

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Woo, Soo Hyun, Jin Mi Choi, Jin Sup Eom, Eun Key Kim, and Hyun Ho Han. "Outcome Analysis Depending on the Different Types of Incision following Immediate Breast Reconstruction." Breast Journal 2022 (February 1, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7339856.

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Background. Immediate breast reconstruction following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is widely used for its cosmetic benefits. Due to the lack of guidelines, the types of incisions in NSM vary and which method is superior remains a debate. In this study, we hypothesized that the periareolar incision has a higher risk of complications, such as nipple-areolar complex (NAC) necrosis, than other incisions. Methods. A retrospective chart review was conducted and divided into three groups: the periareolar, radial, and lateral incision groups. The reconstruction method and complications of NAC necro

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Hsiao, Hui-Yi, Wei-Chuan Hsieh, Frank Chun-Shin Chang, et al. "The Effect of Negative Pressure on Wound Healing and Regeneration in Closed Incisions under High Tension: Evidence from Animal Studies and Clinical Experience." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 1 (2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010106.

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Closed-incision negative-pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) is known to enhance wound healing and tissue regeneration. The main aim of the present study is to investigate its effectiveness on enhancing wound healing under tension. An animal study was designed using a swine model by removing a skin flap to create a wound that could be closed primarily under tension, and iNPWT was applied. The enhancement of angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, collagen deposition, and tissue proliferation with reduced inflammation by iNPWT was confirmed by histology. The effect of iNPWT was further verified in patients

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Buescher, Teresa, Wojciech H. Przylecki, Julie Holding, et al. "Evaluation of Complications Associated with Flap/Pedicle Inset Techniques for Unilateral Breast Reconstruction Utilizing Dual Transverse Upper Gracilis (TUG) or Profunda Artery Perforator (PAP) Flaps." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 136 (October 2015): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000472390.73232.39.

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Sonda, Regina, Matteo Atzeni, Federica Martini, et al. "The profunda artery perforators: Anatomical study and radiological findings using computed tomography angiography in patients undergoing PAP flap breast reconstruction." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 89 (February 2024): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2023.12.006.

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Knackstedt, Rebecca, James Gatherwright, and Risal Djohan. "Anatomic location of a sensory nerve to the profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap: A novel option for sensate autologous tissue reconstruction." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 72, no. 12 (2019): 2064–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2019.09.045.

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38

Armencea, Gabriel, Gosla Srinivas Reddy, Simion Bran, et al. "The Use of Buccal Fat Pad Versus Buccal Mucosal Flap in Cleft Patient Palatoplasty—A Literature Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 9 (2025): 3114. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14093114.

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The buccal fat pad and buccal mucosa are anatomical structures closely related to palatal clefts which can provide additional tissues for defect reconstruction which is crucial for practitioners aiming to lessen the need for additional corrective surgeries in patients with cleft palates and to lower the rates of residual palatal fistulae. Objectives: Aims to explore the recent scientific data available on the applications and outcomes of two surgical techniques involving the buccal fat pad and buccal mucosal flap in primary and secondary palatoplasty. Methods: The analyzed articles published b

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Almadani, Hamzah, Jocelyn Lu, Sara Bokhari, Christiane How-Volkman, and Philip S. Brazio. "Simultaneous Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer and Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 5 (2025): 1694. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051694.

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Background/Objectives: Simultaneous vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) and breast reconstruction is a reconstructive option that potentially addresses two adverse consequences of breast cancer treatment in the same operation. This systematic review aims to analyze the quality of data and outcomes in the current literature. Methods: This systematic review was performed following PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search was conducted with Google Scholar and PubMed for studies with the simultaneous intervention of VLNT and breast reconstruction. The search terms were ((diep OR pap OR expander

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Hivelin, M., and L. Lantieri. "Reconstruction mammaire autologue microchirurgicale par lambeau libre perforant PAP (Profund Artery Perforator Flap) aux dépens de l’artère fémorale profonde : technique de prélèvement, modelage et résultats." Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique 63, no. 5-6 (2018): 473–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anplas.2018.08.006.

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Bereczki-Temistocle, Despina Luciana, Simona Gurzu, Ioan Jung, et al. "Selecting the Best Surgical Treatment Methods in Oro-Antral Communications." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (2022): 14543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114543.

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Introduction: an oro-antral communication is defined as a permanent pathological connection between the maxillary sinus and the septic oral cavity. Several flaps can be used for the closure (buccal flap, palatal flap, combination techniques) but relapses occur often in case of a large defects and underlying general conditions. Bichat fad pad flap is a multipotent pedicled fatty tissue that is easily accessible from the oral cavity that can be used for the closure of medium-sized defects, even in immunocompromised patients due to its stem cell capacity. Materials and methods: the medical inform

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Tahirah, S., and Wan Mahadzir Mustafa. "The buccal fat pad in oral reconstruction." Malaysian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 8, no. 1 (2010): 12–16. https://doi.org/10.4103/mjoms_201081_12.

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A buccal fat pad (BFP) as a flap for reconstruction of defects in the oral cavity has been described for a variety of conditions. This series reports the use of the buccal fat pad flap in 35 patients for the reconstruction of intraoral defects after tumour resection and traumatic loss of the inferior maxilla from 1996-2007. The flaps were evaluated post-operatively and findings recorded. Thirty two (91%) of the flaps healed without any complications, two developed residual fistula and one was lost to infection. Judicious use of buccal fat pad flap offers a simple, convenient, and reliable way

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Sinha, Debasish, and Monalisa Debbarma. "Versatility of the Buccal Fat Pad (BFP) Graft in the Surgical Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF)—A 6-Year Follow-up." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 16, Suppl 5 (2024): S4875—S4878. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_694_24.

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ABSTRACT The surgical procedures for the management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) vary, which include the excision of fibrous bands with the use of grafts or flaps. Flaps that are being widely used include tongue flaps, buccal fat pad (BFP), greater palatine pedicle flaps, nasolabial flaps, anterolateral thigh flap, radial forearm flap, and temporalis fascia flap. This case with grade III OSMF is being planned for reconstruction with the BFP graft after surgical resection of fibrotic bands, temporalis muscle myotomy, and bilateral coronoidectomy. After regular follow-up for 6 years, the BF

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BAKHACH, J., J. C. GUIMBERTEAU, and B. PANCONI. "The Gigogne Flap: An Original Technique for an Optimal Pulp Reconstruction." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 34, no. 2 (2009): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193408098904.

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The reconstruction of digital pulp defects is still a challenge in hand surgery. Several reconstructive techniques are available, but in some cases, their advancement capacities are not sufficient for the flap to cover the whole defect. The Gigogne flap is a new, very simple and safe technique. It consists of harvesting two cutaneous flaps successively on the same neurovascular digital palmar bundle. The first plasty may be chosen among the well-known flaps usually applied in pulp reconstruction. The second plasty, the Gigogne flap, is an advancement VY plasty done on the main cutaneous paddle

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Borgonovo, Andrea Enrico, Frederick Valerio Berardinelli, Marco Favale, and Carlo Maiorana. "Surgical Options In Oroantral Fistula Treatment." Open Dentistry Journal 6, no. 1 (2012): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601206010094.

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Oral fistula (OAF) is a pathological communication between the oral cavity and maxillary sinus which has its origin either from iatrogenic complications or from dental infections, osteomyelitis, radiation therapy or trauma. OAF closures can be achieved using different flaps which show both advantages and limitations. Therefore they all need careful consideration in order to select the best approach depending on the situation. The most widely employed flaps are of three types: vestibular flap, palatal flap and buccal fat pad Flap(BFP). The authors present three cases of OAF with the different t

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Moens, Noel M. M., and J. David Fowler. "The Microvascular Carpal Foot Pad Flap: Results in Three Clinical Cases." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 10, no. 04 (1997): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632593.

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SummaryFour microvascular carpal foot pad transfers were performed on three dogs for reconstruction of weight bearing surfaces. All of the dogs had suffered severe trauma to the major weight bearing foot pads of at least one foot due to: burn injury (one dog), ischaemic injury (one dog) or sharp trauma (one dog). The vascular anatomy of the carpal foot pad flap was consistent in all of the dogs. The arterial pedicle arose from the caudal interosseous artery and the venous effluent drained via the cephalic vein. All of the flaps survived transfer. Post-operative care included heavily padded ban

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Broer, Peter Niclas, Nicholas Moellhoff, Julius M. Mayer, Paul I. Heidekrueger, Milomir Ninkovic, and Denis Ehrl. "Comparison of Outcomes of End-to-End versus End-to-Side Anastomoses in Lower Extremity Free Flap Reconstructions." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 36, no. 06 (2020): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1702156.

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Abstract Background Whether to perform an end-to-end (ETE) versus end-to-side (ETS) arterial anastomosis is an integral part of preoperative planning and intraoperative decision making in free flap-based reconstructions. This study evaluated the impact of microsurgical anastomotic technique on outcomes of lower extremity reconstructions, with a focus on patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods Over a 6-year period, 425 patients underwent 437 microvascular lower extremity free flap reconstructions with fasciocutaneous anterolateral thigh- or gracilis muscle flaps at a single sur

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Baxter, Jacob, Ian S. Reynolds, Nho V. Tran, David W. Larson, Kellie L. Mathis, and Nicholas P. McKenna. "Local Pedicled Flaps and Biological Implant Options for Patients Undergoing Proctectomy for Crohn’s Disease When an Omental Pedicle Flap Is Not Possible." Medicina 61, no. 7 (2025): 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071153.

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Background and Objectives: Perineal wound complications and pelvic fluid collections or abscesses following proctectomy for Crohn’s disease are a common cause of morbidity and might be mitigated by filling the pelvis and occluding the pelvic inlet with a flap. Alternative flap options can be considered when inadequate omentum is available and when avoiding myofasciocutaneous flaps. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of our Crohn’s proctectomy database was conducted to identify patients who underwent a non-omental or non-myofasciocutaneous local pedicle flap to their pelvis or pelvic

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Kravets, Oleg V., Igor P. Fedzhaga, Vladimir I. Pivtorak, Oleg P. Fedzhaga, and Iryna V. Bulko. "PERFORMANCE STATUS AND QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER RECONSTRUCTIONS OF BUCCAL MUCOSAL AND RETROMOLAR TRIGONE DEFECTS BY SKIN AND FASCIAL FLAPS IN ONCOLOGYCAL PATIENTS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 7 (2020): 1510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202007137.

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The aim: of the study is to compare surgical and functional results as well as quality of life after use of skin flaps – platysma myocutaneus flap, supraclavicular artery flap and fascial flaps – temporoparietal fascial flap, buccal fat pad for plastic closure of the buccal and retromolar trigone mucous surgical defects in cancer patients. Material and methods: A retrospective comparative analysis of the results of surgical treatment of buccal and retromolar trigone mucosal cancer in 56 patients operated from 2009 to 2014 was made. The patients were divided into two groups: the first included

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Decramer, Arne, Carlos Heras-Palou, Maarten Van Nuffel, Tom Lattré, and Ilse Degreef. "Management of failed carpal tunnel decompression." EFORT Open Reviews 10, no. 6 (2025): 352–60. https://doi.org/10.1530/eor-2025-0058.

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Surgical decompression of carpal tunnel syndrome is usually successful, and failure is rare. Diagnosis of persistent or recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome is based on thorough anamnesis and clinical examination, defining underlying comorbidities, nerve conduction studies and distinguish recurrent, persistent or new complaints. Management of failed carpal tunnel release may require revision surgery, which includes redo release of the transversal carpal ligament, external neurolysis and flaps. A hypothenar fat pad flap or other local, regional or distant flaps may be added to a redo release of the

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