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1
O'Brien, Andrea Jayne. "Message framing and cervical cancer screening : a test of deviance regulation theory /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16864.pdf.
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Liu, Moon-ping. "Study of Pap smear attendance and the abnormal rate in the past ten years." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2510133x.
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鄧雅芝 and Ngar-chi Tang. "Selected performance indicators of papanicolaou smear examinations at Department of Health screening centres: aclinical audit between 1997 and 1999." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969926.
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廖滿萍 and Moon-ping Liu. "Study of Pap smear attendance and the abnormal rate in the past ten years." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970709.
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Tang, Ngar-chi. "Selected performance indicators of papanicolaou smear examinations at Department of Health screening centres a clinical audit between 1997 and 1999 /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23295132.
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Asamoa-Afriyie, Collins Kwesi. "Papanicolaou Test Status Among Inner-City Adolescent Girls in Accra, Ghana." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7458.
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Cervical cancer is an emerging public health problem in developing countries. Globally, it is the 3rd most common malignancy in women after breast and colorectal cancers and 4th most frequent cancer in women, with an estimated 570,000 new cases and 311,000 deaths in 2018. Cervical cancer screening in the developed countries is credited with the reductions in cervical cancer morbidity and mortality during the last 50 years. However, nearly 90% of cervical cancer deaths occur in less developed countries. Ghana has a cervical cancer rate of 26.4%. Further, it is the highest cancer incidence faced among women 25 to 44 years and has a mortality rate of 17.4% in this age group. Knowledge, culture, attitude, and beliefs are known to limit women's participation in Pap test screening programs. Guided by the health belief model, the purpose of this quantitative study was to examine how knowledge, attitude, culture, and religious beliefs affected intent to seek Pap test screening among adolescent girls in Accra, Ghana. A total of 155 participants ages 16 to 20 years completed a 30-item questionnaire. Descriptive frequencies were calculated. Correlation and Chi-square tests were also performed to assess associations with intent to screen with Pap test. Most girls (92%) had never heard about Pap test screening. There were statistically significant correlations between cervical cancer knowledge (p=0.032) and attitude (p=0.001) with intent to participate in Pap test screening. However, culture (p=0.049) and religious beliefs (p=0.529) were not significantly associated with screening intent. The implications for social change include informing practice and research on how cervical cancer prevention programs can be tailored to girls living in countries where different cultural and religious values are practiced.
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Mahas, Rachel. "The Psychosocial Antecedents that Predict Women’s Failure to Meet Pap Test Screening National Recommendations." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1470403291.
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Rader, Dana Greene. "Cervical Cancer Prevention Screening: A Quality Improvement Project to Reduce Variation and Increase Timeliness in Managing and Reporting Abnormal Papanicolaou Smear Results." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3824.
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Cervical cancer is the fifth most common cancer in United States with more than 12,000 women diagnosed each year and more than 4,000 preventable deaths with minorities disproportionally represented. Cervical cancer prevention strategies rarely focus on the management of abnormal screening results. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to standardize the management program for abnormal cervical cancer screening results within an integrated health delivery system serving a large minority community. The Plan-Do-Study-Act model guided a comprehensive program evaluation with process improvement, including the creation of an electronic quality data reporting tool to formalize the work process and a quality control and assurance program with exception reports. The evaluation was completed with data to measure the timeliness of abnormal results outreach and continued clinical management. The data were evaluated over time with run charts. Also, an analysis of the data was done through pre- and post-test comparisons with 2-sample t tests to evaluate abnormal cervical cancer screening management before and after the revisions. Although the project did not show a statistically significant difference in the timeliness of outreach and follow-up of abnormal cervical cancer screening results due to the limited data set, the run charts trended positively for timeliness and consistent data reporting with no missed screening reports. Effective cervical cancer screening includes the accurate and timely management of abnormal results to reduce disparities in cervical cancer deaths. This project contributes to positive social change by responding to the Healthy People 2020 goal to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer deaths through a formal process to insure timely intervention for abnormal results in a largely minority community.
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Lee, Yick-Kwong Chris. "A follow-up study of "atypical cells" in gynecologic cytology : the impact of the Bethesda System 2001 /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B34865652.
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Medeiros, Lucenir Mendes Furtado. "Conhecimento, atitude e prÃtica das mulheres sobre a prevenÃÃo do cÃncer do colo uterino: um estudo com mulheres do municÃpio de IcÃ, CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=18513.
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nÃo hÃO cÃncer do colo uterino à caracterizado pelo aumento desordenado do epitÃlio que reveste o ÃrgÃo, afetando todo o tecido subjacente conhecido como estroma. Embora as mulheres busquem mais os serviÃos de saÃde, no Brasil ainda hà uma grande incidÃncia de morte relacionada a esse tipo de patologia, sendo um dos tipos de cÃncer que mais acomete a populaÃÃo feminina. O exame citopatolÃgico, realizado nas Unidades BÃsicas de SaÃde, à utilizado como um mÃtodo de rastreamento das lesÃes precursoras desse cÃncer e sinaliza o direcionamento de algumas aÃÃes de saÃde. Frente a esse contexto este estudo objetivou verificar o conhecimento, atitude e prÃtica das mulheres sobre o exame de prevenÃÃo do cÃncer do colo uterino, em mulheres de um municÃpio do CearÃ. Tratou-se de um estudo exploratÃrio com abordagem quantitativa desenvolvido nas salas de espera das unidades de saÃde do municÃpio de IcÃ. A amostra do estudo foi aleatÃria e composta de 379 mulheres. Foi aplicado o inquÃrito CAP (Conhecimento, Atitude e PrÃtica) previamente utilizado (MALTA, 2014), composto por 46 perguntas. O teste realizado para responder aos objetivos do estudo foi o qui-quadrado. As variÃveis sociodemogrÃficas estudadas como potenciais variÃveis associadas ao conhecimento, atitude e prÃtica, foram: idade, estado civil, escolaridade, religiÃo, ocupaÃÃo, trabalho e renda familiar. Na histÃria sexual e reprodutiva foi pesquisada vida sexual e tempo do inÃcio da mesma, parceiro fixo, laqueadura, uso de camisinha, mÃtodo contraceptivo, filhos, idade que teve o primeiro filho, aborto, DST, problema no Ãtero, histerectomia, gravidez e cÃncer na famÃlia. Os dados evidenciaram que em 49,9% das mulheres o conhecimento foi avaliado como inadequado. A atitude inadequada foi em 46,2% das mulheres e a prÃtica inadequada em 40,1%. As seguintes variÃveis apresentaram significÃncia estatÃstica para o conhecimento inadequado: estado civil (p=0,016, maior entre solteiras), escolaridade (p < 0,001, maior entre analfabetas ou com ensino fundamental incompleto), renda (p=0,004,maior nas com renda menor de um salÃrio mÃnimo, nÃo possuir parceiro fixo (p<0,017) e ter DST (p=0,039). A escolaridade das mulheres foi a Ãnica variÃvel associada a atitude inadequada (p=0,003). As variÃveis estatisticamente associadas a prÃtica inadequada foram: estado civil, faixa etÃria, trabalho fora de casa, renda familiar, nÃo ter vida sexual ativa, ser laqueada e ter tido o primeiro filho com idade de 25 anos ou mais. Quanto as dificuldades para realizar o exame Papanicolaou na ESF e receber o resultado teve grande destaque a demora do resultado. Percebeu-se a partir desta pesquisa, a importÃncia da educaÃÃo em saÃde acerca da problemÃtica relacionada ao CCU e sua prevenÃÃo, como tambÃm a necessidade do apoio por parte dos gestores. Tivemos alguns grupos de mulheres com maior risco ao problema estudado, devendo portanto serem priorizadas por os profissionais de saÃde e gestores, realizando-se a busca ativa desse grupo para realizaÃÃo de rodas de conversas. Espera-se que os resultados encontrados possam contribuir para a melhoria do atendimento Ãs mulheres e realizaÃÃo de uma maior vigilÃncia quanto a frequÃncia ao exame, visando uma maior abrangÃncia das mulheres, satisfazendo suas necessidades de conhecimento atravÃs da troca de saberes.
Cancer of the cervix is characterized by the disordered enlargement of the epithelium that lines the organ, affecting all the underlying tissue known as stroma. Although women seek more health services, in Brazil there is still a high incidence of death related to this type of pathology, being one of the types of cancer that affects the female population the most. The cytopathological examination, performed at the Basic Health Units, is used as a screening method for the precursor lesions of this cancer and indicates the direction of some health actions. Against this background, this study aimed to verify the knowledge, attitude and practice of women on the cervical cancer prevention exam in women from a municipality of CearÃ. It was an exploratory study with a quantitative approach developed in the waiting rooms of the health units of the municipality of IcÃ. The study sample was random and composed of 379 women. The KAP (Knowledge, Attitude and Practice) survey previously used (MALTA, 2014), composed of 46 questions, was applied. The test performed to answer the study objectives was chi-square. The sociodemographic variables studied as potential variables associated with knowledge, attitude and practice were: age, marital status, schooling, religion, occupation, work and family income. In the sexual and reproductive history, the sexual life and the time of the beginning of the sexual intercourse were investigated, fixed partner, tubal ligation, condom use, contraceptive method, children, age of first child, abortion, Sexually Transmitted Disease, hysterectomy, pregnancy and cancer in the family. The data showed that in 49.9% of the women the knowledge was evaluated as inadequate. The inadequate attitude was in 46.2% of the women and the inadequate practice in 40.1%. (p = 0.016, higher among single women), schooling (p <0.001, higher among illiterates or incomplete primary education), income (p = 0.004, higher in the lower income group) Of a minimum wage, did not have a fixed partner (p <0.017) and had STD (p = 0.039). The education of women was the only variable associated with an inappropriate attitude (p = 0.003). The variables statistically associated with inappropriate practice were: marital status, age, work away from home, family income, no active sex life, lactation and having had the first child aged 25 years or more. As for the difficulties to perform the Papanicolaou exam at the HSF and receive the result had great prominence the delay of the result. From this research, the importance of health education about the problems related to cervical cancer and its prevention, as well as the need for the support of the managers, was perceived. We had some groups of women with greater risk to the problem studied, and should therefore be prioritized by health professionals and managers, with the active search of this group for the realization of conversation wheels. It is hoped that the results found may contribute to the improvement of the attendance of women and greater vigilance regarding the frequency of the examination, aiming at a greater comprehension of the women, satisfying their knowledge needs through the exchange of knowledge.
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Yu, Chak-kwan Amy. "Barriers to screening : does lay knowledge account for it among Hong Kong Chinese women? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25100968.
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Urrutia, Maria Teresa. "Development and Testing of a Questionnaire: Beliefs about Cervical Cancer and Pap Test in Chilean Women." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/309.
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Every year 33,000 women die of cervical cancer in Latin American and the Caribbean. Cervical cancer has been the leading cause of potential years of life lost in Chile. Identifying factors that increase Pap test adherence will be extremely useful for developing interventions to increase the use of the Pap test and to reduce the prevalence of cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to examine women's beliefs about cervical cancer and the Pap test in Chilean women. The questionnaire, developed following the guidelines by Robert de Vellis, is based on the Health Belief Model. The content validity index was 0.93 after 10 Chilean expert's review. A cross-sectional design was implemented to validate the questionnaire. The sample included 333 women recruited from a women's health care center in Santiago, Chile. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate validity and coefficient alpha to evaluate reliability. After six models were computed, the questionnaire was reduced from 53 to 28 items. The new questionnaire,"CPC-28" includes six domains: the barriers domain to take a Pap test considers problems related with a health care center, lack of knowledge and time, being afraid, and embarrassment; the cues to action domain considers cues from family, the health care professional, friend and media; the severity domain considers cervical cancer as a serious problem, the possibility to have a hysterectomy, radiation and chemotherapy, and to die from this disease; the susceptibility domain to take a Pap test considers symptoms, having children, and intercourse; the susceptibility to cervical cancer domain considers the risk to have the disease, age, and possibility to die; and the benefit domain includes to save a life, feel good, and to take care of health. An unexpected salient factor "need to have a Pap test" was found as part of the susceptibility domain. This finding is an important topic for future research. The CPC-28 questionnaire explained 49% of the total variance, and the reliability was .735. It was concluded that the CPC-28 questionnaire will have important implications on research, educative, and administrative role of nursing.
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Marine, Marjorie Butler. "Marketing health care services for a preventive health care agency : a categorical study." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/530368.
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The purpose of the study was to determine the needs of one marketing segment of clients seen in a contraceptive clinic in the Midwest. The marketing segment targeted for study was women with positive Pap smears. A comparison group of women with negative Pap smears was sampled from the same clinic during the time frame July 1, 1982, to July 1, 1984.Nine research questions were investigated. Responses have been reported relative to the following questions:1. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on the presence of cervical infection a woman may have?2. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on whether or not a woman smokes?3. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on the type of contraceptive (pill or barrier) used by a woman?4. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend number of abortions experienced by a woman?5. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on the number of pregnancies experienced by a woman?6. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on whether the woman is white or black?7. Does the incidence of positive Pap age of the woman?8. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on the smears depend on whether the woman is married or not?9. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on the educational status of the woman?Five conclusions were drawn from findings of the study and were confined to the population for the study, clients of the selected clinic:1. Women with positive Pap smears are more likely to have infections than women with negative Pap smears.2. Women who have had abortions are more likely to have positive Pap smears.3. The incidence of positive Pap smears is associated with pregnancies; that is women with one or more pregnancies are more likely to have positive Pap smears.4. A higher proportion of black women have positive Pap smears than white women.5. Women with less education have more positive Pap smears than women with higher levels of education.Department of Educational Administration and Supervision
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Echle, Friederike Luise. "Stellenwert der Dünnschichtzytologie im Vergleich zur konventionellen Zytologie bei Patientinnen der Zevixdysplasie-Sprechstunde an der UFK Freiburg." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-opus-62140.
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Angulo-Olaiz, Francisca. "The pap smear paradox understanding social and sexual contexts of Latinas' health decisions /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1495959371&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Mai, Hoang Tran. "Associated risk factors in developing cervical cancer among Vietnamese women /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17858.pdf.
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Taylor, Heather. "Taking care of yourself : a grounded theory study about how young women make a decision about having a Papanicolau test /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,155318.
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Hernández, Lorraine. "Evaluating the perceptions and history of Papanicolaou smear screening among Mexican women in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Samuel, Vincy. "Predictors of Cervical Cancer Screening and Physician Recommendations among Women in the United States using Current Screening Guidelines." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3901.
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In 2015, there were 257,524 women with cervical cancer (CC) in the United States (U.S.). CC is preventable; screening detects early-stage cancer when treatment is most successful. This study aimed to identify predictors for CC screening adherence among U.S. women, describe predictors for screening adherence by marital status, and examine physician recommendation for CC screening and adherence to those recommendations. Predictors were grouped as demographic, acculturation, access to care, chronic conditions, and health behaviors. Descriptive analyses were performed on a sample of 10,667 women from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey, and multiple logistic regression models determined predictors of CC screening adherence, physician recommendations, and adherence to physician recommendations.
Overall, 81.7% (95%CI=80.7-82.7%) of U.S. women adhered to CC screening guidelines. Adherence declined with increasing age after 39 years old. Never married women (adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=0.67, CI=0.56-0.79) or current smokers (aOR=0.70, CI=0.59-0.84) had lower odds, while college-educated women had greater odds (aOR=1.38, CI=1.14-1.67) of CC screening adherence.
Among unmarried women, 78.6% adhered to CC screening. Unmarried women who were unemployed (aOR=0.48, CI=0.38-0.62), had no physician visits (aOR=0.58, CI=0.40-0.85), no usual source of care (aOR=0.67, CI=0.50-0.89), never heard of HPV (aOR=0.59, CI=0.46-0.76), never received HPV vaccine (aOR=0.50, CI=0.34-0.75), no birth control use (aOR=0.33, CI=0.23-0.47), no flu shot (aOR=0.62, CI=0.48-0.80), and perceived low breast cancer risk (aOR=0.66, CI=0.47-0.92) had lower odds of adherence.
Among women with a physician, 55.6% received screening recommendations. Race/ethnicity, access to care, HPV knowledge and vaccine receipt, age when first child was born, and flu shot were significant predictors of physician recommendation for CC screening. Significant predictors of adherence to physician recommendation included education, employment, English proficiency, outpatient clinic visits, usual source of care, age when first child was born, birth control, alcohol use, smoking status, flu shot, and health status.
Based on our results, two levels of intervention should be explored. First, targeted interventions are needed for women who are unmarried, have low socio-economic status, and limited access to care to reduce cervical cancer risk. Second, interventions for physicians to increase screening recommendations to all eligible women are needed to improve national screening rates.
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Paula, Priscila Fontenele de. "AdaptaÃÃo transcultural da Health belief model scale for cervical cancer and pap smear test para uso no Brasil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13502.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorObjetivou-se realizar a adaptaÃÃo transcultural da Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test para uso no Brasil e validar o conteÃdo da versÃo brasileira do instrumento traduzido. Trata-se de um estudo metodolÃgico, que para a adaptaÃÃo transcultural, percorreu rigorosamente cinco etapas: traduÃÃo inicial, sÃntese das traduÃÃes, retraduÃÃo, revisÃo por um comità de juÃzes e prÃ-teste. Os participantes dessas etapas foram selecionados obedecendo aos critÃrios estabelecidos pelo referencial metodolÃgico, quais sejam: quatro tradutores, um mediador e seis juÃzes. Na realizaÃÃo do prÃ-teste, ocorrida no Centro de Parto Natural Ligia Barros Costa e Campus do Pici da Universidade Federal do Cearà no mÃs de setembro de 2014, entrevistou-se 40 mulheres, de diferentes nÃveis de escolaridade, utilizando-se a versÃo prÃ-final da escala e um questionÃrio de caracterizaÃÃo sociodemogrÃfica. A validaÃÃo de conteÃdo da versÃo final foi aferida pelo Ãndice de ValidaÃÃo de ConteÃdo, a partir do julgamento de dez juÃzes especialistas, selecionados a partir das experiÃncias de ensino, pesquisa e/ou assistÃncia em SaÃde da Mulher. Os dados referentes Ãs etapas de adaptaÃÃo foram organizados na forma de quadros e analisados descritivamente. Os dados sociodemogrÃficos do prÃ-teste e os resultantes da validaÃÃo de conteÃdo foram analisados no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versÃo 20.0. O estudo foi aprovado no Comità de Ãtica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. As duas versÃes produzidas na traduÃÃo inicial, em geral, nÃo apresentaram grandes diferenÃas de traduÃÃo. A segunda etapa foi realizada apÃs avaliaÃÃo das versÃes traduzidas com discussÃo quanto à formulaÃÃo dos itens da versÃo sÃntese, obtendo-se total concordÃncia por parte da pesquisadora e mediador. Na retraduÃÃo da versÃo sÃntese de volta ao idioma inglÃs evidenciou-se que as versÃes resultantes desta etapa nÃo apresentaram grandes divergÃncias em relaÃÃo à versÃo original do instrumento, mostrando-se coerentes, explicitando assim a qualidade da versÃo sÃntese no portuguÃs brasileiro. A partir da avaliaÃÃo das equivalÃncias semÃntica, idiomÃtica, experimental e conceitual pelos juÃzes, onze itens foram modificados apÃs as sugestÃes realizadas, resultando em uma versÃo prÃ-final da escala, aplicada no prÃ-teste. Quatro itens nÃo apresentaram total compreensÃo apÃs avaliaÃÃo das mulheres, sendo modificados segundo as sugestÃes das mesmas. ApÃs todas as modificaÃÃes realizadas na escala, obteve-se a versÃo final do instrumento adaptado ao contexto cultural brasileiro. O Ãndice de ValidaÃÃo de ConteÃdo, calculado a partir das avaliaÃÃes dos juÃzes de conteÃdo, foi de 0,82 e os valores individuais dos itens variaram de 0,80 a 1, sendo considerado adequadamente vÃlido em conteÃdo. Nenhum item foi eliminado, porÃm, quatro foram alocados ao domÃnio motivaÃÃo em saÃde por decisÃo unÃnime dos juÃzes. Pode-se concluir que todo o rigor adotado neste estudo garantiu a obtenÃÃo de um instrumento que se mostrou equivalente à versÃo original, apresentando boa compreensÃo e clareza entre os itens, alÃm de um adequado Ãndice de validaÃÃo de conteÃdo.
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Oscanoa1, Julio, Marcelo Mena, and Guillermo Kemper. "A Detection Method of Ectocervical Cell Nuclei for Pap test Images, Based on Adaptive Thresholds and Local Derivatives." Science and Engineering Research Support Society, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624843.
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Cervical cancer is one of the main causes of death by disease worldwide. In Peru, it holds the first place in frequency and represents 8% of deaths caused by sickness. To detect the disease in the early stages, one of the most used screening tests is the cervix Papanicolaou test. Currently, digital images are increasingly being used to improve Pap test efficiency. This work develops an algorithm based on adaptive thresholds, which will be used in Pap smear assisted quality control software. The first stage of the method is a pre-processing step, in which noise and background removal is done. Next, a block is segmented for each one of the points selected as not background, and a local threshold per block is calculated to search for cell nuclei. If a nucleus is detected, an artifact rejection follows, where only cell nuclei and inflammatory cells are left for the doctors to interpret. The method was validated with a set of 55 images containing 2317 cells. The algorithm successfully recognized 92.3% of the total nuclei in all images collected.Revisón por pares
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Paula, Priscila Fontenele de. "Adaptação transcultural da Health belief model scale for cervical cancer and pap smear test para uso no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15554.
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PAULA, Priscila Fontenele de. Adaptação transcultural da Health belief model scale for cervical cancer and pap smear test para uso no Brasil. 2014. Dissertação (Mestrado em Enfermagem) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2014.Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2016-03-17T16:28:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_pfpaula.pdf: 3752354 bytes, checksum: ea95dcadb5b7864509a63587b0adfa9b (MD5)
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The objective of this study was to realize the cros s-cultural adaptation of the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test for use in Brazil and verify the validation of the content of Brazilian version tran slated. This is a methodological study for the cross-cultural adaptation and five steps were stric tly implemented: initial translation, synthesis of translations, retranslation, review by an expert committee and pretest. The sample of participants of these steps was selected accordi ng to the criteria established by the methodological framework used, which were: four tra nslators, a mediator and six judges. In carrying out the pre-test, which took place at the Center of Natural Birth Ligia Barros Costa and Campus do Pici of Federal University of Ceará P ici in September 2014, was interviewed 40 women of different educational levels using the pre-final version of scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The final version o f the content validity was assessed by the Content Validity Index from the judgment of ten exp ert judges, selected from their teaching experiences, research and/or assistance in Women's Health. The data relating to the stages of adaptation were organized in the form of tables and analyzed descriptively. The demographic data of the pre-test and those resulting from conte nt validation were compiled in an electronic spreadsheet of software Statistical Package for Soc ial Sciences, version 20.0. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Fe deral University of Ceará, in the number 562.699/2014. Both versions produced in step I of i nitial translation, in general, did not show large differences in translation. Step II was perfo rmed after evaluation of translated versions with discussion of the formulation of the items, re sulting in total agreement by the researcher and mediator on the synthesis of the translations. In the retranslation of the synthesis version back into English language showed that the resultin g versions of this stage demonstrated no major differences from the original version of the instrument, being consistent, and explaining the quality of the synthesis version in Brazilian P ortuguese. From the evaluation of semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual by the judg es, eleven items were modified after the suggestions made, resulting in a pre-final version of the scale applied in the pre-test. Four items had not fully understanding after women’s eva luation, and they were modified according to the suggestions of the same. After all the changes made in the scale it was obtained the final version of the instrument adapte d to the cultural context of Brazil. The Content Validity Index, calculated from the evaluat ions of the contents of judges, was 0,82 and the individual values of the items ranged from 0,80 to 1, being properly considered a valid content. No items were eliminated, however fo ur were allocated to health motivation domain by unanimous decision. It can be concluded t hat all the rigor used in this study guaranteed the obtainment of an instrument that was equivalent to the original version with a good understanding and clarity among items and an a ppropriate content validity index.
Objetivou-se realizar a adaptação transcultural da Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test para uso no Brasil e validar o conteúdo da versão brasileira do instrumento traduzido. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, que para a adaptação transcultural, percorreu rigorosamente cinco etapas: tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, retradução, revisão por um comitê de juízes e pré-teste. Os participantes dessas etapas foram selecionados obedecendo aos critérios estabelecidos pelo referencial metodológico, quais sejam: quatro tradutores, um mediador e seis juízes. Na realização do pré-teste, ocorrida no Centro de Parto Natural Ligia Barros Costa e Campus do Pici da Universidade Federal do Ceará no mês de setembro de 2014, entrevistou-se 40 mulheres, de diferentes níveis de escolaridade, utilizando-se a versão pré-final da escala e um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica. A validação de conteúdo da versão final foi aferida pelo Índice de Validação de Conteúdo, a partir do julgamento de dez juízes especialistas, selecionados a partir das experiências de ensino, pesquisa e/ou assistência em Saúde da Mulher. Os dados referentes às etapas de adaptação foram organizados na forma de quadros e analisados descritivamente. Os dados sociodemográficos do pré-teste e os resultantes da validação de conteúdo foram analisados no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão 20.0. O estudo foi aprovado no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Ceará. As duas versões produzidas na tradução inicial, em geral, não apresentaram grandes diferenças de tradução. A segunda etapa foi realizada após avaliação das versões traduzidas com discussão quanto à formulação dos itens da versão síntese, obtendo-se total concordância por parte da pesquisadora e mediador. Na retradução da versão síntese de volta ao idioma inglês evidenciou-se que as versões resultantes desta etapa não apresentaram grandes divergências em relação à versão original do instrumento, mostrando-se coerentes, explicitando assim a qualidade da versão síntese no português brasileiro. A partir da avaliação das equivalências semântica, idiomática, experimental e conceitual pelos juízes, onze itens foram modificados após as sugestões realizadas, resultando em uma versão pré-final da escala, aplicada no pré-teste. Quatro itens não apresentaram total compreensão após avaliação das mulheres, sendo modificados segundo as sugestões das mesmas. Após todas as modificações realizadas na escala, obteve-se a versão final do instrumento adaptado ao contexto cultural brasileiro. O Índice de Validação de Conteúdo, calculado a partir das avaliações dos juízes de conteúdo, foi de 0,82 e os valores individuais dos itens variaram de 0,80 a 1, sendo considerado adequadamente válido em conteúdo. Nenhum item foi eliminado, porém, quatro foram alocados ao domínio motivação em saúde por decisão unânime dos juízes. Pode-se concluir que todo o rigor adotado neste estudo garantiu a obtenção de um instrumento que se mostrou equivalente à versão original, apresentando boa compreensão e clareza entre os itens, além de um adequado índice de validação de conteúdo.
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Harris, Karol Kaye. "Psychological and contextual correlates of women's gynecological health screening /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Ravindranath, Madhu. "Predictors of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Hispanic Women in Texas." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7724.
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Hispanic women in Texas show higher cervical cancer incidence rates as compared to all women in the United States. The rate of cervical cancer in the United States has reduced mostly due to regular cervical cancer screening. However, high cervical cancer among Hispanics in Texas may reflect low cervical cancer screening. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the insurance status (independent variable) and cervical cancer screening (dependent variable) among low-income Hispanic women, living in Texas Health Service Regions (HSRs), after controlling for age, marital status, and personal health care provider. The theoretical framework used in this study was the health belief model. Nine hundred and fifteen Hispanic women living in Texas HSRs, ages 21-65 years and who participated in Texas BRFSS 2015-2017, were the sample for this study. Univariate analysis was performed to obtain frequencies and percentages of all covariates. A Chi-square was conducted to determine if there was an association between any of the independent and the dependent variable and binomial logistic regression was used to answer the hypotheses. The findings from this study revealed no relationship with cervical cancer screening and the level of education. However, insurance status and income were statistically significant on receiving a Pap test among low-income Hispanic women in Texas HSRs (p
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Bhandari, Abhi. "Cytological Surveillance Management Pathways for Women with a Low-grade Abnormal Cervical Smear." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34134.
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A conservative strategy for women with a low-grade abnormal cervical smear is continued cytological surveillance by repeat Papinacolaou testing, but there is surprisingly little information on the management of such follow-up. Our objectives were to investigate such management pathways, their determinants, and psychological implications using data from the cytological surveillance arm of the Trial of Management of Borderline and Other Low-grade Abnormal cervical smears. A substantial proportion of participants had ongoing unresolved cytology at last follow-up (42.7%); a policy of following women solely though cytological surveillance to manage these women may be inefficient. A high-risk human papillomavirus test, smoking and age were significantly associated with the management pathways (p-value <0.05). While there were some limitations, our results were reassuring with respect to this group of women with ongoing unresolved cytology, since there were no differences in anxiety and depression scores across the management pathways after thirty months of follow-up.
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Lee, Yick-Kwong Chris, and 李亦剛. "A follow-up study of "atypical cells" in gynecologic cytology: the impact of the Bethesda System 2001." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010286.
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Cheung, Nga-yin Annie, and 張雅賢. "Cervical cancer screening: evolution from Paptest to molecular markers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46540465.
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Lane, Vivien E. "Refiguring pap smears and the Cervical Cancer Screening Scheme : a feminocentric study of women's identification with the scheme." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21488.
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This is a nurse-feminist work based on a re-reading of the evidence and interviews with women on their experiences of the Pap smear (PS) procedure and the cervical cancer screening scheme. It was found that women's accounts contradict the Scheme's public health doctrine. Instead of PSs being a matter of simplicity and informed choice, the procedure is complex and practised as a 'necessary' procedure. Women are uncertain about their eligibility, the purpose and preventative qualities of PSs. Published information was found to substantiate these views. A concentration of mixed messages exist particularly around attempts to deflect from the venereal aetiology of cervical cancer. Furthermore, women's PS behaviours are influenced by both the Scheme's emphasis on 'good womanhood' and individuals' sexual experiences. Women associate the Scheme with a form of medical(ised) féminisation, and engage in both PS procurement and dissent. PSs have inherent and other perils for women in association with their exposure of intimate body areas to a PS service provider. Veterans of PSs are aware of these and use papping skills to enhance their capacity to retain self-composure. Contrary to what the Scheme advertises, women require mastery of papping skills to endure a PS. Questions are raised about the failure of the Scheme to correct misleading public health information particularly in relation to the emphasis on secondary screening, whilst tolerating an absence of primary prevention strategies. It is found that the fundamental incentive underpinning the Scheme is that of in vivo oncogenic research in which women unwittingly participate and fulfil the norms prescribed by the Scheme as 'good womanhood'. A genealogy of the Scheme is outlined. It is concluded that the Scheme is underpinned with values of a past era which are incompatible with contemporary values relating to research and to women.
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Beaumont, Nerida. "The relative importance of barriers to cervical cancer screening in older women : A review of 140 women and their pap smear providers." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1218.
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Cervical cancer remains a significant cause of death in women. There is a notable age related decrease in levels of screening and women aged over 50 years with later, more invasive disease. One hundred and forty women aged between 50 and 69 years (M "'58.21 years) and 23 Pap smear providers completed a Cervical Cancer Screening Questionnaire designed to identify the relative importance of barriers to attendance for cervical screening, as well as providers own barriers and issues. Responsibility for health, familiarity with, and ratings of the usefulness of Pap smears were the major dimensions along which regular and non-regular attenders differed supporting the hypothesis. Additionally, women who had regular Pap smears were younger, with higher levels of confidence in their provider, in the ability of the test to detect cervical cancer and in their overall value for the usefulness of the test. The application of the findings of the present study may improve the currently inconsistent promotion of cervical screening to older women. The use of a theoretical framework informed by the Theory of Reasoned Action and Multi-Attribute Utility Theory showed promising results in incorporating the diverse factors involved in participating. in preventative health screening. Recommendations are made on the necessity of both targeted and general intervention strategies to increase the uptake of preventative screening by at-risk groups.
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Lozano, Claudia. "Evaluation of a community-based cervical cancer education program on perceptions and knowledge of screening among low-income Hispanic women." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Jordaan, Suzette Mirietta. "An investigation of specific contributing factors affecting quality assurance in the diagnosis of conventional cervical smears." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/173.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate specific contributing factors affecting quality assurance in the diagnosis of conventional cervical smears. More than half of South- African women fail to have one cervical smear in their lifetime and +/- 50 percent of those who do have cervical smears taken, are lost to follow-up. Since cervical cancer is the most common malignancy amongst women in developing countries, the medical profession will have to endeavor to screen a higher rate of women and ensure a 100 percent quality assurance with every patient treated in order to reduce the unacceptable high incidence of cervical carcinoma. At this stage it seems like an impossible task to screen all women in South Africa, due to far-off rural areas, shortage of medical professionals and the lack of knowledge of some women of the necessity of cervical smears. Many newly qualified South-African doctors leave the country to go and work elsewhere. South Africa then in turn has to recruit doctors from other countries to staff the State hospitals and clinics. Some areas have one doctor to thousands of patients, insufficient nursing personnel and inadequate equipment. Doctors in some areas cannot cope with the volume of work and the long hours. One has to accept that the quality of the management of some patients is affected negatively. There are a number of medico-legal issues (world wide) in relation to aspects of cervical cancer prevention practices which are controversial and are of particular concern to all of those involved in cervical cancer prevention. Various countries have therefore formed different national organizations to address the medico-legal issues in screening for the prevention of cancer. These organizations monitors procedures, internal quality control as well as external quality control. In South Africa, medico-legal cases are not so prevalent, but may become so shortly. The South-African medical professionals therefore have to ensure that their quality of work conforms to accepted good practice in all circumstances. State hospitals serve thousands of patients per month and it is an every day occurrence to see long queues of patients sitting waiting for doctors and who often have to come back the following day. The situation appears to be much improved in private practice and since patients have medical cover and accessible medical facilities. Since cervical cancer is the most common malignancy amongst women in developing countries, the medical profession will have to endeavor to screen a higher rate of women and ensure a 100 percent quality assurance with every patient treated in order to reduce the unacceptable high incidence of cervical carcinoma. At this stage it seems like an impossible task to screen 100 percent of women in South Africa, due to far-off rural areas, the shortage of medical professionals and ignorance of patients. Quality assurance is therefore of paramount importance to every medical professional for every patient treated. Laboratories all worldwide have been, or are in the process of being accredited by their specific accreditation authorities. The main reason for this is improvement of quality control and therefore quality assurance. The South African National Accreditation Society (SANAS) now accredits various laboratories in South Africa with the view of accreditting all laboratories within a certain time limit. The Ampath laboratory Port Elizabeth was successfully accredited during 2001. Accredited laboratories have to uphold a very high degree of quality to remain accredited. A team of professionals inspects the laboratory every 2 years and other quality assurance staff inspects the laboratories every few months. All aspects of the laboratory are checked, e.g. the qualification of staff, their registration with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), their curriculum vitaes, equipment, safety of the laboratory etc. Since the laboratory chosen for this study, is accredited, the author evaluated every cervical smear that was received in the laboratory since the year 2000, with the following objectives in mind: · Whether the presence or absence of an endocervical component has an effect on the adequacy of cervical smears · To determine the effect of using smaller coverslips on quality assurance in the cytology laboratory · Evaluate the effect that manual re-screening of smears has on quality assurance in the cytology laboratory. As there is a shortage of cytotechnologists and pathologists worldwide, several countries make use of automated screening devices as primary screening or secondary screening for quality assurance. These devices were tested in some laboratories in South Africa but were found to be very expensive and sensitivity and specificity were not up to standard. Sensitivity is a measure of the ability of a test to detect the abnormal - Sensitivity is the ratio of true positives to true positives + false negatives. Specificity is a measure of the ability of a test to correctly identify the negative - Specificity is the ratio of true negative to true negatives + false positives. The automated screening machines failed to identify abnormal cells amongst inflammatory cells, as well as in very blood stained smears. Several other problems also occurred and an increasing number of smears had to be manually rescreened, thus making this exercise costly and not helpful as a quality assurance instrument. The slides used for this thesis, have been retrieved from the archives of the Ampath laboratory in Port Elizabeth. Fourteen specific contributing factors affecting quality assurance in the diagnosis of cervical smears are also discussed and conclusions and recommendations given.
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RONGA, LUIGI. "Human papillomavirus (HPV): space-time epidemiology and issues concerning laboratory diagnosis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/208544.
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Human papilloma virus (HPV) is considered the most common sexually transmitted agent in the
world. It is the main responsible of cervical cancer, the second more frequent cancer in women
(Catsellsague et al., 2007, De Sanjosé et al., 2007). In particular, each year 529,409 women are
diagnosed with cervical cancer, while women with older ages (65 years and over) have the greater
mortality (WHO 2010, Catsellsague et al., 2007). For these reasons, HPV worldwide impact is
consistent.
Introduction of Papanicolau cytological test permitted a decrease of incidence and mortality rates of
HPV-related cervical cancer. However, it can fails to reduce cervical cancer rates, especially in
developing countries (Agorastos et al., 2010). For this reason, virological test is a promising tool to
reveal HPV infection in early stages.
Despite the importance of HPV testing and genotyping, actual tests are not uniform with regard to
genotype-specific detection rates (Klug et al., 2008). Therefore, diagnostic methods for HPV
genotyping must be implemented and improved.
For the above mentioned reasons, the goal of the present thesis was to deepen the information on
the diagnostic approaches and epidemiology of HPV infection.
Two methods (Manos+GP PCRs, SPF/InnoLipa [SPF], ProDect ®HPV Typing [BCS]) for the
diagnosis of HPV infection were compared. Differences in the identification of HPV infected
samples and infectious genotypes identified by the two methods were evaluated.
In the second part of the thesis, an analysis of the geographical distribution of HPV cases in Rome
and surroundings was performed to evaluate a potential presence of HPV infection clusters and
HPV genotypes clusters.
Finally, a time-series analysis was conducted to evaluate the trend of HPV infection over time and
potential of seasonal regularities of HPV cases.
The evaluation of SPF and the BCS methods revealed that they are not perfectly concordant on
HPV genotyping, as showed by the significant differences in the prevalence found for HPV73, 59,
56, 53, 52, 51, 35 and 31. On the other hand, the overall concordance between the two tests was
86.1%; in particular concordance for the detection of high-risk genotypes was 87.0%. Moreover,
SPF and BCS were highly concordant in the detection of HPV18 and HPV16, the HPV genotypes
most related with cervical cancer. Such result is particularly interesting in the era of HPV
vaccination for the selection of the ideal candidates for prophylactic vaccination.
Geostatistical analysis showed geographical differences of HPV infections and HPV genotypes. In
particular, a different distribution of HPV16 and HPV18 in the different municipalities in the
Latium region was observed.
By time-series analysis, no seasonal component was found. Moreover, no growing trend was
observed. Finally, a specific ARIMAX model was built for forecasting. The addition of birth rates
as covariate in the model improved the quality. Such result could be useful to make short or medium
term predictions about the prevalence of HPV infections.
In conclusion, the findings obtained in the present thesis highlight the importance to have good
diagnostic methods and the lead a careful epidemiological surveillance in infectious diseases, such
as HPV infection, to correctly evaluate the impact of a specific health intervention.
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Somayaji, Kamila. "Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening in Virginia: The Impact of Insurance Coverage and the Every Woman's Life Screening Program." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1890.
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ABDUL, MAHDI NOOR. "Genetic variability Of the LCR, E6, E7 and L1 genes of the high risk HPV-31, HPV-58 and probable high risk HPV-66, HPV-53 and Phylogenetic analysis of the infected Italian women from urban area of Rome." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/214311.
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Sono stati descritti oltre 100 genotipi HPV, 18 dei quali classificati come ad alto rischio a causa della loro associazione con lo sviluppo del cancro alla cervice. La diversità genomica all’interno dello stesso genotipo di HPV-16 e 18 è stata sudiata in maniera estesa, mentre pochi dati sono stati prodotti per altri genotipi meno comuni ad alto rischio. Il presente studio investiga la variabilità nucleotidica e la filogenesi dei genotipi ad alto rischio HPV-31e HPV58 e i probabili genotipi ad alto rischio HPV53 e HPV66 in campioni raccolti in Italia, a Roma. A questo scopo, i geni L1, E6, E7 e LCR sono stati sequenziati in 33 campioni di HPV-31, 24 campioni di HPV-58, 30 campioni di HPV-53 e 24 campioni di HPV-66. Diverse varianti di questi tipi di HPV sono stati rilevate con la presenza delle corrispondenti lesioni citologiche, alcune delle quali sono state rilevate anche in altre parti del mondo. Inoltre, sono state determinate nuove varianti di tutti i genotipi esaminati. Sulla base delle sequenze E6, E7 e L1, sono stati descritte le varianti compresi i cambiamenti aminoacidici conservativi e non consecutivi e anche le sequenze LCR sono state analizzate per i siti di legame dei fattori di trascrizione. L’albero filogenetico è stato costruito studiando i geni L1 e L6; l’analisi filogenetica degli isolati di HPV31, HPV58, HPV53 e HPV66 non ha rilevato un “clustering” etnico o geografico come osservato precedentemente for HPV-16 e 18. In aggiunta, non c’era correlazione tra le varianti dei quattro genotipi e delle lesioni citologiche corrispondenti; questo è stato anche confermato calcolando la diversità genomica di L1, E6 e LCR per ogni genotipo e per il gene E6 in relazione alle lesione citologica. La diversità genetica è risultata molto simile e molto limitata in ciascun gene per tutte le lesioni genotipiche e citologiche.
L’elevato numero di nuove varianti rilevate può essere spiegato dai pochissimi studi che sono stati condotti ad oggi riguardanti la variabilità genetica di questi genotipi HPV meno prevalenti ad alto rischio. Benchè non potessimo condurre uno studio funzionale, ulteriori dati sono necessari per comprendere l’effetto possible di queste varianti sulla funzione proteica e la progressione della malattia.
La caratterizzazine genomica delle varianti di HPV è cruciale per capire la correlazione geografica intinseca e le differenze biologiche di questi virus e fornisce ulteriori informazioni agli studi sulla loro infettività e patogenicità.More than 100 HPV types have been described, 18 of which are classified as high-risk due to their association with the development of cervical cancer. The intratype genomic diversity of HPV-16 and -18 has been studied extensively, while little data have been generated for other less common high-risk types. The present study explores the nucleotide variability and phylogeny of the high-risk HPV-31and HPV58 and probable high-risk HPV53 and HPV66 in samples collected from Rome Italy. For this purpose, the L1, E6, E7 and LCR genes were sequenced from 33 samples HPV-31, 24 samples HPV-58, 30 samples HPV-53 and 24 samples HPV-66. Several variants of these HPV types were detected with the correspondent cytological lesions, some of which have been detected in other parts of the world. Furthermore, novel variants of all types examined were detected. Based on the E6, E7 and L1 sequences, variants were described comprising conservative and non-conservative amino acid changes, also the LCR have been analyzed for the transcription factors binding sites. Phylogenetic tree was constructed with respect to L1 and E6 gene; the phylogenetic analysis of HPV31, HPV58, HPV53, and HPV66 isolates did not reveal ethnic or geographical clustering as observed previously for HPV-16 and -18. In addition, there was no correlation between the HPV variants of the four genotypes and correspondent cytological lesion; this was confirmed by calculating the genomic diversity of L1, E6 and LCR for each genotype and for E6 gene in relation with the cytological lesion. The results of genetic diversity were similar and very limited in each gene for all the genotypes and cytological lesions. The high number of new variants detected can be explained by the very few studies that have been conducted to date concerning the genetic variability of these less prevalent high-risk HPV types. Although, we couldn’t perform a functional study, more data are needed to understand the possible effect of these variants on protein function and disease progression. The genomic characterization of HPV variants is crucial for understanding the intrinsic geographical relatedness and biological differences of these viruses and contributes further to studies on their infectivity and pathogenicity.
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JENKINS, DANELLE N. "COLLEGE FEMALES' SEXUAL KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS AND BEHAVIORS RELATED TO THE PREVENTION OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1123617019.
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Paula, Tamires Corrêa de. "Percepção de mulheres sobre a prevenção do câncer de colo uterino." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/146723.
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Orientador: Maria de Lourdes da Silva Marques FerreiraBanca: Maria José Sanches Marin
Banca: Silvia Franco da R. Tonhom
Resumo: Introdução: O câncer de colo do útero é a terceira neoplasia maligna mais comum entre as mulheres no Brasil. Uma das formas de prevenção, assim como da detecção precoce da doença é iniciada na rede de atenção básica com a realização do exame Papanicolaou. Objetivo: Apreender a percepção de mulheres sobre a prevenção do câncer de colo uterino por meio da citologia oncótica, visando a elaboração de material educativo. Método: Trata se de um estudo com abordagem qualiquantitativo, realizada com vinte mulheres que procuraram uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de um município do interior paulista para realização do exame Papanicolaou. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a entrevista áudio gravada e a análise foi feito por meio do método do discurso do sujeito coletivo (DSC) e sustentado pela representação social. Resultados: Os DSCs foram construídos por meio das falas expressadas pelas participantes e agrupados em três temas, o tema um contemplou a percepção das mulheres em relação ao exame de Papanicolaou que relataram os sentimentos e a vulnerabilidade envolvida no exame, os significados, a falta de conhecimento e as dúvidas em relação ao exame. O tema dois compreendeu a participação e as experiências das mulheres na prevenção do câncer de colo de útero que narraram ter participação ativa em relação a prevenção e a periodicidade do exame. O tema três revela que a participação do serviço público na realização do exame é boa e posto como obrigatória, o desejo da consulta medica com o ginecologista e da ampliação dos dias e horários da coleta foram relatados pelas participantes. Conclusão: Observou-se que as ideias e os pensamentos das mulheres envolvidas neste estudo valorizam e se preocupam com a realização do exame, mais ainda existe falta de conhecimento e dúvidas em relação a prevenção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Cervical cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm among women in Brazil. One of the forms of prevention, as well as the early detection of the disease are initiated in the primary care network with the Papanicolaou examination. Purpose: To understand the perception of women about the prevention of cervical cancer through oncotic cytology, aiming at the elaboration of educational material. Method: This was a study with a qualitative approach, performed with twenty women who sought a Basic Health Unit in a city in the interior of São Paulo to perform the Pap smear test. For the data collection the recorded audio interview was used and the analysis was done through the collective subject discourse (DSC) method and sustained by social representation. Results: The CSDs were constructed using the speeches expressed by the participants and grouped into three themes, the theme one considered the perception of women in relation to the Pap smear, which reported the feelings and vulnerability involved in the examination, the meanings, the lack of Knowledge and doubts regarding the examination. Topic two comprised the participation and experiences of women in cervical cancer prevention who reported having an active participation in the prevention and periodicity of the examination. Topic three reveals that the participation of the public service in the accomplishment of the examination is good and it becomes mandatory, the desire of the medical consultation with the gynecologist and the extension of the days and times of the collection were reported by the participants. Conclusion: It was observed that the ideas and thoughts of the women involved in this study value and care about the test, but there is still a lack of knowledge and doubts regarding the prevention of cervical cancer. Product: Understanding the need for educational strategies with the... (Complete abstract electronic access below)
Mestre
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Jovanovich, Thane George Carleton University Dissertation Sociology. "The predictive utility of demographic variables for the breast self- examination and the PAP test : an application of the Health Belief Model using the 1985 Health Promotion Survey." Ottawa, 1990.
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余則群 and Chak-kwan Amy Yu. "Barriers to screening: does lay knowledge account for it among Hong Kong Chinese women?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970886.
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Manning, NaQuita Jackson. "Evaluation of a cervical cancer surveillance program at a community health center." NSUWorks, 2016. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_con_stuetd/32.
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Background: Cervical cancer is reportedly the easiest gynecologic cancer to prevent, and measures that have the most impact are regular screening and timely follow-up. Although the Papanicolaou (Pap) test used to screen for cervical cancer has been recognized as one of the most valuable clinical preventive service for women, variation in screening and tracking remain a barrier for some women achieving optimal health. Missed opportunities for care in the form of inadequate follow-up is a patient safety and quality of care issue that can be appropriately addressed through implementation of a tool to be used as a component of a cervical cancer surveillance program. Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) project was to develop an evidence-based, tracking tool for cervical cytology screening to facilitate surveillance measures in a community health center. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework applied was Donebedian’s quality of care framework that incorporates the Structure-Process-Outcome model. Methods: The study was conducted in five phases over a period of 14 months. After permission was granted to implement the study, the tracking tool was developed with input from the mentor. The final two phases consisted of training, implementation, and evaluation of tool’s effectiveness towards improving practice. A survey questionnaire measuring the staff’s opinion of the tool was administered and verbal feedback regarding perception of the tool’s capability to impact clinical practice was collected. Results: Informal surveys were performed by asking stakeholders to share their attitudes and opinions of the surveillance tool. Conclusion: Consistent evidence-based practice among those charged with providing care is paramount to helping patients achieve their best outcome. Surveillance is an internal process and improving surveillance is pivotal to the goal of optimizing outcomes. The findings of the QI project indicate that through the provision of this evidence-based practice, clinical resource, quality of care will be improved. Additionally, the surveillance tool will be incorporated into clinical practice and used as the official method for tracking abnormal cervical cancer screenings, scheduling follow up care, and tracking patients until resolution of cervical pathology.
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Karnaki, Panagiota. "Attitudes, practices and knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening among Greek women in the area of Perth." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1373.
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The purpose of this thesis is to study the attitudes, practices and knowledge of Greek women in Perth, Western Australia, regarding cervical cancer screening. This is important because no study has yet examined the cervical screening pattern of this group, despite their low participation rate in screening programs. Qualitative semi-structured interviews among 15 Greek women in Perth were used for data collection. Interviews were conducted both in English and Greek. Eight out of the 15 women interviewed did not participate in frequent screening and many had had only one Pap test in their life. Culture and religion influenced negative attitudes towards cervical screening; these combined with strong emotions of fear towards the disease and lack of knowledge about the purpose of Pap tests, to create powerful barriers to screening. Preoccupation with morality and misconceptions about heredity and the symptomatology of cervical cancer also influenced attitudes towards Pap tests. Further, women's decisions to screen were influenced by the negative behaviour of General Practitioners. A preference was expressed for specialists/gynaecologists and an unwillingness to attend women's health centres.
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McGonigle, T. Hope. "Surveying for sexuality in cyberspace sexual orientation and stage of change for cervical cancer screening /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1061318216.
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Leung, Hio-Lam, and 梁曉藍. "Disparities in Pap Test Intention between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Women in Taiwan: Exploring Pap Test Experience and Butch Identity as Effect Modifiers." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h4n33v.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
健康政策與管理研究所
102
Objectives: Pap test is an effective way to prevent cervical cancer; however, there still exist sexual orientation disparities in Pap test utilization. This study aimed to examine the differences in health beliefs and to explore the associated factors of Pap test intention among Taiwanese women, separately by their sexual orientation and Pap test experience. Methods: A sample stratified by region (north, center, south, and east) and age group (21-29 and &;#8805;30) was drawn for heterosexual women, as well as for lesbian/bisexual women in Taiwan. Data from 1,375 participants were collected via an anonymous online survey. Results: An overwhelming majority of lesbian/bisexual women in Taiwan never had a Pap test (89.1%), compared with their heterosexual counterparts (54.9%). Among women who never had a Pap test, lesbian/bisexual women had lower Pap test intention, received fewer cues to action, and perceived more barriers than heterosexual women. In general, women who received more cues to action had significantly higher Pap test intention, except those heterosexual women who never had a Pap test; by contrast, women who perceived more barriers had significantly lower Pap test intention, except those lesbian/bisexual women with prior Pap test experience. Notably, butch-identity interacted with both sexual orientation and Pap test experience. Specifically, heterosexual women with a butch identity who had Pap test experience had lower Pap test intention (AOR=0.09), unless they perceived higher susceptibility (AOR=4.23); similarly, lesbian/bisexual women with a butch identity who never had a Pap test had lower Pap test intention (AOR=0.48), unless they perceived more benefits (AOR=1.31). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that sexual orientation disparities in Pap test intention may depend on whether women ever had a Pap test and had a butch identity. As the Taiwan Government strives to eliminate health disparities, more attention should be paid to sexual minorities’ health and gender sensitivity in the healthcare systems.
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Kavanagh, Anne Marie. "Accounts of abnormal Pap smears." Phd thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142459.
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Raybum, Pamela J. "Variables predictive of pap smear screening and evaluation of educational interventions." Thesis, 1996. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/21331/1/whole_RaybumPamelaJ1997_thesis.pdf.
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Kuo, Tzu-ling, and 郭姿伶. "The Policy Impact of Cancer Prevention Act on Pap Smear Test diffusion." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07402238043923971556.
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碩士國立臺北護理健康大學
健康事業管理研究所
100
Background: Since 1982, Department of Health indicates that cancer has become the first leading cause of mortality in Taiwan and also brings about a high impact on the public health. In order to reduce the impact, Department of Health enacts “Cancer Control Act” to improve the phenomenon of high mortality and incidence of cancer in 2003. One of the goals of Cancer Control Act is to encourage the public to adopt the Pap smear screening that may be helpful to detect the cervical cancer in the early stage. Therefore, this study analyzes whether the implementation of Cancer Control Act affects the adoption of Pap smear screening, and how the influence works. Methods: As organizational learning effect takes place in Department of Health, employees may cumulate their ability and the promotion of Cancer Control Act performs well. And thus eventually Pap smear screening information spreads in the social network and provides a positive impact on diffusion effect. Through the analysis of this empirical study, the interaction effect is also identified. Conclusion: In this study, we present a model by integrating diffusion effect, organizational learning effect and interaction effect to analyze the factors affecting the behavior of Pap smear screening. The results indicate that both diffusion effect and organizational learning effect exist significantly for the adoption of Pap smear screening.
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CHU, I.-JU, and 朱一如. "Factors Affecting the Willing of Taking Pap Smear Test for Women in Taichang, Taiwan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52606775699314144135.
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碩士大葉大學
生物科技碩士在職學位學程
103
The main purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the intention of having a Pap smear by Taiwanese women. The subjects of investigation were females (including nurses) in Taichung area. The research tool, "Taiwan women use Pap tests influencing factors of scale" questionnaire, used a five-point Likert scale. A total of 250 questionnaires were recovered and 228 of them were valid with an effective rate of 91.2%.The data collected were analyzed with SPSS 14.0 for descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, independent sample T test, and post-test Scheffe' method. The results of psychological intention factors showed significant differences between age, marital status, and number of children. Post-test by Scheffe' method showed the trend for the age variables: 15-20 > 31-40 > 21-30 > 41-50 > 51-60 years old. This means that the younger women’s mental intent for inspection is higher than that of the older women. Marital status variables showed married> single> divorce. This means that the married women’s mental intent for inspection is higher than that of the singles. The number of children showed no significant difference. The behavioral disorders factors included age, marital status, number of children, with or without sex, personal monthly income, and smoking habit. Post-test by Scheffe' method showed the effect of age: 15-20> 21-30 > 41-50> 31-40> 51-60 years old. This means that the behavioral disorders for inspection of the younger women were higher than that of the older women. Marital status variables exhibited Unmarried>Married> divorce. This means that the behavioral disorders for inspection of unmarried were higher than that of married women. Number of children showed no significant differences. Sexual behavior variables showed no sex> have sex. Women without sexual behavior or experience were shy and reluctant to expose personal sexual organs for checking. Personal income had no significant difference. Smoking variables showed smoker> no smoker. The smokers might not pay enough attention to their own health and thus less intention for preventive smear. Key Words：ethnic distribution, psychological intent, behavioral obstacles, Pap smear
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Chen, Tzu-I., and 陳慈怡. "Utilization factors and effects of universal health insurance on cervical Pap smear test in Taiwan." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80982921221831300972.
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碩士國立台北護理學院
醫護管理研究所
90
In Taiwan, although cervical cancer is one of female common cancer diseases, it is the easiest to detect early and therefore treat effectively by the cervical Papnicolaou (Pap) smear test. The national health insurance had performed free service for the Pap smear screening test since July 1995 to establish the need of long-term regular follow up of cervical pre-cancerous diseases. Dose this effort really increase women’s medical utilization and decrease the occurrence of cervical invasive cancer？Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate utilization factors and effects of universal health insurance on cervical Pap smear test in Taiwan. This study invited 38,035 married women who aged 30-64 years old lived in seven communities of Taiwan for free cervical Pap smear test. Database sources were form the cervical cancer research plan conducted by the college of Public Health, National Taiwan University since 1991, and were further linked to the national files of the cervical Pap smear tests, cancer registry, and death from the department of health. There was 24,749 women (65.07%) who had at least one cervical Pap smear test after June 1995, much higher than that prior to 1991 ( <30 % ). The final sample was 10,780 women who met all our research criteria and actually responded to fill the questionnaires. After ten-year follow up, 5,709 women had regular within-three-year Pap smear screening test, and logistic regression analysis and survival statistical analysis were performed. For the 10,338 survival women without hysterectomy, low utilization factors of regular Pap smear test after the national health insurance were on the woman who had older age, low education level, poor income, no insurance and irregular Pap smear test prior to the national health insurance. On the other hand, high utilization factors are on the women who had ever had the cervical Pap smear test or gynecological dieases prior to study entry, Pap smear test/cervicgraphy positive finding or regular Pap smear test prior to July 1995. For 426 women who had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical invasive cancer among 10,780 women confirmed by biopsy during 1991-2001, the results of regular Pap smear test were better than irregular one as summarized in the following contents. Having the Pap smear test within one year prior to study entry (38.26%), the chance of occurrence in cervical invasive cancer is lower than CIN2/3 for subsequently regular within-three-year Pap smear screening test (log-rank p=0.0246). Regardless of past history of the cervical Pap smear test, the occurrence of CIN and invasive cancer on regular within-three-year Pap smear test was lower than that of irregular one (p<0.05). During ten-year follow up period, regular within-two-year Pap smear test on the CIN occurrence was lower than that of irregular one (beyond three years). The occurrence of CIN2/3 on irregular (beyond three years) was higher than that of CIN1 (p <0.0001). Although there was no statistically significant difference among the results of regular one-year, two-year, and three-year Pap smear test (p>0.2), the women in high risk group of developing cervical cancer are encouraged to have regular one-year Pap smear test in order to detect CIN early for avoiding cervical invasive cancer, and therefore saving medical costs effectively.
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Yuling, Li, and 李玉玲. "Factors Associated with Pap Test for Community Seniors-A Case Study of Shuili Township,Nantou, Taiwan." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01295772886829803312.
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碩士南開科技大學
福祉科技與服務管理所
100
In 2009, a total of 2,396,098 people have been registered and reported in “Taiwan Pap Test Reporting and Tracking Management Information System”. The rate of smear screening within 3 years was 54.6% for people between 30 and 34 years of age, around 58 - 61% in the 35 - 64 age group, 52.0% in 65-69, and dropped to 30.5% for those older than 70 (National Health Bureau, 2009). The data show that the willingness to accept Pap test declines for elder people. This study used a structured questionnaire design. The research field was in Shuili Township, Nantou, Taiwan for women over the age of 65 who accepted Pap test in Nantou Public Health Center from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. The survey questionnaire included two parts: basic demographic data and influencing factors. The influencing factors were divided into nine aspects: site, human resource, information delivery, health education, promotion and resource combination. Each aspect has a different strategy. The study issued 345 questionnaires. A total of 266 valid questionnaires were returned, with effective rate of 77.1%. The study found that the screening rate is generally related to nine aspects. Among the nine aspects, site, human resource, information delivery and resource combination were significantly related to the screening rate. However, the health education and promotion had no significant correlation to the screening rate. If there are more information delivery, mails, broadcasting vans and nearby sites, more women will be willing to receive Pap test screening. The use of female physicians, together with the persuasion by friends and relatives, as well as local resources should be able to increase the screening rates.
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Cheng, Jen-Jung, and 鄭仁榮. "Evaluation of clinical benefits of conization after hospitalized positive cervical Pap smear test on national health insurance." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93598398444870082649.
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碩士國立台北護理學院
醫護管理研究所
90
ABSTRACT Graduate School: Department of Healthcare Management, National Taipei College of Nursing. Title: Evaluation of clinical benefits of conization after hospitalized positive cervical Pap smear test on national health insurance. Advisor: Su-Chiu Chen Author: Jen-Jung Cheng Background: Little research has been done on the understanding preventive health benefits, through the evaluation of clinical benefits of conization after hospitalized positive cervical Pap smear test on national health insurance. Objective: The purpose was to study how the incidence of invasive cancer yearly and further treatment (hysterectomy and radical hysterectomy) needed after conization of positive cervical Pap smear. Medical expenses among different operational methods were also compared. Data sources: 26,344women was all cases performed conization, hysterectomy and radical hysterectomy after hospitalization due to positive Pap smear test during 1977 and 2000, collected by National Health Insurance Research Database of National Heath Research Institute. Methods: Description statistics were mainly used, In addition, logistic regression was for the women who had conization, independent variable was severity of cervical disease, control variables were different hospital types, year and age, dependent variable was hysterectomy and radical hysterectomy. Results: Invasive cancer incidence decreased gradually yearly, and proportion of further treatment (hysterectomy and radical hysterectomy) needed also decreased gradually yearly, and therefore medical expenses will be saved finally.
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Kim, Jeoung Hee. "Secondary prevention health behavior on cervical cancer in Korea : Papanicolaou smear screening test." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/10270.
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