Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pap testing

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Pap testing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Pap testing"

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Christie-de Jong, Floor, and Siobhan Reilly. "Barriers and facilitators to pap-testing among female overseas Filipino workers: a qualitative exploration." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 13, no. 3 (2020): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-01-2020-0006.

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Purpose Every year, 311,000 women die of cervical cancer globally, a disease which is preventable and treatable. Pap-testing should be part of a comprehensive approach to tackling cervical cancer; however, barriers to pap-testing do exist and migration may present additional barriers. In 2018, 2.3 million overseas Filipino workers were recorded and uptake of pap-testing for this group is low. The study aims to understand barriers and enablers to screening for overseas Filipino workers, which is essential to improve uptake of pap-testing for this population. Design/methodology/approach Embedded in a mixed-methods study, an exploratory qualitative study was conducted with Web-based, in-depth interviews (N = 8) with female overseas Filipino workers, mostly domestic workers, based in Kuwait, Qatar, Singapore and Hong Kong. Results were analysed using thematic analysis. A socio-ecological conceptual framework was used to explore barriers to uptake of pap-testing. Findings Barriers to pap-testing were cognitive factors, such as limited knowledge and fear of the outcome of pap-testing, as well as cultural and structural barriers. Findings revealed structural contexts not conducive to pap-testing, including difficulty navigating the health-care system, poverty, difficult employment circumstances and the overriding need to provide financially for family and children in the Philippines. Originality/value This study explored barriers to pap-testing with a hard-to-reach group, who are underrepresented in the literature. Barriers to pap-testing were embedded in structural barriers, resulting in health inequalities. Host and sending countries benefit from overseas Filipino workers and have a responsibility to care for their health and well-being, and should strive to tackle these structural factors.
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Christensen, Stacy. "Evaluation of a Nurse-Designed Mobile Health Education Application to Enhance Knowledge of Pap Testing." Creative Nursing 20, no. 2 (2014): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.20.2.137.

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An experimental study was conducted using a 2-group randomized control pretest/posttest design to determine if knowledge about Pap testing could be increased through use of a nurse-designed mobile smartphone app developed to educate individuals about the Pap test. A 14-item pretest survey of knowledge about Pap tests was distributed to women attending a university in New England. Participants in the intervention group were provided with an Android device on which a digital health education application on Pap testing had been downloaded. The control group was given a standard pamphlet on Pap testing. Paired t test results demonstrated that knowledge scores on the posttest increased significantly in both groups, but were significantly higher in the intervention group. User satisfaction with the app was high. The results of this study may enhance nursing care by informing nurses about a unique way of learning about Pap testing to recommend to patients.
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Lytwyn, Alice, John W. Sellors, James B. Mahony, et al. "Adjunctive Human Papillomavirus Testing in the 2-Year Follow-up of Women With Low-Grade Cervical Cytologic Abnormalities: A Randomized Trial and Economic Evaluation." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 9 (2003): 1169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-1169-ahptit.

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Abstract Context.—Although human papillomavirus (HPV) testing may aid in managing low-grade abnormality on screening cervical cytology, patient compliance with repeat testing programs requires consideration. Objectives.—To determine effectiveness and costs of repeated Papanicolaou (Pap) test and oncogenic HPV testing for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or 3. Design.—We conducted a randomized controlled trial of combined Pap test and cervical HPV testing by Hybrid Capture 1 test compared with Pap test alone; tests were performed every 6 months for up to 2 years. The study end point was colposcopic examination performed on all women at 2 years, or earlier if an HPV test was positive or if a Pap test showed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Setting.—Sixty-six community family practices. Participants.—Two hundred fifty-seven women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on screening cervical cytology. Main Outcome Measures.—Detection of histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or 3, fully allocated costs, and loss to follow-up. Results.—Combined Pap test and HPV testing detected 11 (100%) of 11 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3, whereas Pap test alone detected 7 (63.6%) of these 11 cases (P = .14); corresponding specificities were 39 (46.4%) of 84 and 45 (71.4%) of 63 (P = .005). The cost-effectiveness ratio was Can $4456 per additional case of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Sixty-nine (26.8%) of the 257 women (24.6% combined group vs 29.1% Pap test only group, P = .41) defaulted from testing or from colposcopy when referred with an abnormal result. Conclusions.—Combined testing was more costly but may detect more cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 than Pap test alone. However, poor adherence limits usefulness of a management strategy that requires repeated follow-up.
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Ko, Emily M., Rosemary Tambouret, David Wilbur, and Annekathryn Goodman. "HPV Reflex Testing in Menopausal Women." Pathology Research International 2011 (April 7, 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/181870.

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Objective. To determine the frequency of high risk (HR) HPV and intraepithelial neoplasia following ASCUS pap cytology screens in menopausal women. Study Design. Following IRB approval, we performed a retrospective review of all cases of ASCUS pap tests, HPV results, and relevant clinical-pathologic data in women age 50 or over from November 2005 to January 2007 within a tertiary care center. Statistical analyses were performed in EXCEL. Results. 344 patients were analyzed for a total of 367 screening pap tests. 25.29% (87/344) patients were HR HPV positive, with greater percentages of HR HPV cases occurring in women age 65–74. Within HR HPV cases, 79.3% (69/87) underwent colposcopy. 27.5% (19/69) biopsy proven lesions were discovered, including cervical, vulvar or vaginal (intraepithelial neoplasia). Within the negative HR HPV group 3.1% (8/257) patients were diagnosed with dysplasia or carcinoma. Within both HR HPV positive and negative groups, patients with no prior history of lower genital tract lesions or cancer were identified. Conclusion. Reflex HPV testing plays an important role in ASCUS triage in menopausal women. Pap test screening and HPV testing should not be limited to women of reproductive age as they may aid in the diagnosis of intraepithelial neoplasia in women of older age.
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DeMay, Richard M. "Should We Abandon Pap Smear Testing?" Pathology Patterns Reviews 114, suppl_1 (2000): S48—S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ppr/114.1.s48.

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Boschert, Sherry. "Women May Resist Pap + HPV Testing." Family Practice News 35, no. 14 (2005): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(05)71052-5.

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Massad, L. Stewart, Gypsyamber DʼSouza, Fang Tian, et al. "Negative Predictive Value of Pap Testing." Obstetrics & Gynecology 120, no. 4 (2012): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0b013e31826a8bbd.

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Garber, Alan M. "Making the Most of Pap Testing." JAMA 279, no. 3 (1998): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.3.240.

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Castle, Philip E., Andrew G. Glass, Brenda B. Rush, et al. "Clinical Human Papillomavirus Detection Forecasts Cervical Cancer Risk in Women Over 18 Years of Follow-Up." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 25 (2012): 3044–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.38.8389.

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Purpose To describe the long-term (≥ 10 years) benefits of clinical human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing for cervical precancer and cancer risk prediction. Methods Cervicovaginal lavages collected from 19,512 women attending a health maintenance program were retrospectively tested for HPV using a clinical test. HPV positives were tested for HPV16 and HPV18 individually using a research test. A Papanicolaou (Pap) result classified as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or more severe was considered abnormal. Women underwent follow-up prospectively with routine annual Pap testing up to 18 years. Cumulative incidence rates (CIRs) of ≥ grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3+) or cancer for enrollment test results were calculated. Results A baseline negative HPV test provided greater reassurance against CIN3+ over the 18-year follow-up than a normal Pap (CIR, 0.90% v 1.27%). Although both baseline Pap and HPV tests predicted who would develop CIN3+ within the first 2 years of follow-up, only HPV testing predicted who would develop CIN3+ 10 to 18 years later (P = .004). HPV16- and HPV18-positive women with normal Pap were at elevated risk of CIN3+ compared with other HPV-positive women with normal Pap and were at similar risk of CIN3+ compared with women with a low-grade squamous intraepithelial Pap. Conclusion HPV testing to rule out cervical disease followed by Pap testing and possibly combined with the detection of HPV16 and HPV18 among HPV positives to identify those at immediate risk of CIN3+ would be an efficient algorithm for cervical cancer screening, especially in women age 30 years or older.
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Tworek, Joseph A., Bruce A. Jones, Stephen Raab, Karen M. Clary, and Molly K. Walsh. "The Value of Monitoring Human Papillomavirus DNA Results for Papanicolaou Tests Diagnosed as Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study of 68 Institutions." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 131, no. 10 (2007): 1525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2007-131-1525-tvomhp.

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Abstract Context.—Papanicolaou (Pap) tests are often diagnosed as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US). Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing has been proposed as a quality metric for this diagnosis. Objective.—To measure the frequency of HPV positivity in Pap tests diagnosed as ASC-US and to examine laboratory variables that are associated with institutional deviation from the mean percent of HPV positivity. Design.—As part of a College of American Pathologist Q-Probes program, 68 participating laboratories retrospectively identified approximately 50 consecutive ASC-US Pap tests that had HPV testing results. Results.—The mean percentage of HPV positivity for ASC-US was 43.74% among institutions surveyed, but it had a broad distribution, with an SD of 17.77%. Associations were found for lower difference of the institutional mean from the surveyed interinstitutional mean percentage of positive HPV with (1) higher numbers of Pap tests in the past year that had HPV testing, (2) in-house HPV testing, and (3) teaching hospitals. All 3 factors correlated with a larger volume of Pap tests per institution. An association was found between patient age and the probability of a positive HPV result, indicating a dependence upon prevalence of HPV. Conclusions.—Larger volumes of Pap tests may offer an opportunity to gain greater comfort in interpreting Pap tests. While there is significant variability in interinstitutional HPV-positive rates in ASC-US Pap tests, monitoring the HPV-positive rate in ASC-US Pap tests is a valuable broad measure of quality. Performance beyond 2 SDs of the mean should prompt reassessment of diagnostic criteria used in the evaluation of Pap tests and/or investigation of the prevalence of HPV positivity in the population from which the Pap tests are obtained.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pap testing"

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Urrutia, Maria Teresa. "Development and Testing of a Questionnaire: Beliefs about Cervical Cancer and Pap Test in Chilean Women." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/309.

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Every year 33,000 women die of cervical cancer in Latin American and the Caribbean. Cervical cancer has been the leading cause of potential years of life lost in Chile. Identifying factors that increase Pap test adherence will be extremely useful for developing interventions to increase the use of the Pap test and to reduce the prevalence of cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to examine women's beliefs about cervical cancer and the Pap test in Chilean women. The questionnaire, developed following the guidelines by Robert de Vellis, is based on the Health Belief Model. The content validity index was 0.93 after 10 Chilean expert's review. A cross-sectional design was implemented to validate the questionnaire. The sample included 333 women recruited from a women's health care center in Santiago, Chile. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate validity and coefficient alpha to evaluate reliability. After six models were computed, the questionnaire was reduced from 53 to 28 items. The new questionnaire,"CPC-28" includes six domains: the barriers domain to take a Pap test considers problems related with a health care center, lack of knowledge and time, being afraid, and embarrassment; the cues to action domain considers cues from family, the health care professional, friend and media; the severity domain considers cervical cancer as a serious problem, the possibility to have a hysterectomy, radiation and chemotherapy, and to die from this disease; the susceptibility domain to take a Pap test considers symptoms, having children, and intercourse; the susceptibility to cervical cancer domain considers the risk to have the disease, age, and possibility to die; and the benefit domain includes to save a life, feel good, and to take care of health. An unexpected salient factor "need to have a Pap test" was found as part of the susceptibility domain. This finding is an important topic for future research. The CPC-28 questionnaire explained 49% of the total variance, and the reliability was .735. It was concluded that the CPC-28 questionnaire will have important implications on research, educative, and administrative role of nursing.
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Franco, Karina dos Santos. "Associações de mulheres em entidades religiosas: local favorável para educação permanente em saúde." Faculdades EST, 2012. http://tede.est.edu.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=505.

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O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa é demonstrar como uma Associação de Mulheres em uma entidade religiosa pode proporcionar um local favorável para a realização de educação em saúde com a finalidade de proporcionar conhecimento em um ambiente seguro vinculando a ação individual e coletiva de busca de vivências que melhore a saúde das mulheres e combatendo uma doença que no Brasil é a terceira causa de morte feminina em território nacional segundo o Ministério da Saúde. As associações de mulheres em entidades religiosas possuem estatutos próprios que estabelecem as diretrizes a serem seguidas pelas as mulheres. Através de um conhecimento prévio do estatuto das Associações de Mulheres em entidades religiosas, do Programa Atenção Integral a Saúde da Mulher (PAISM), conhecimento das Leis do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e do programa de prevenção do câncer de colo uterino, os profissionais da saúde responsáveis por promover promoção, prevenção e reabilitação poderão ter um local propicio onde as mulheres de forma individual e coletiva se sintam seguras para obter conhecimento, estabelecer metas e realizar ações de promoção e prevenção para o Câncer de Colo Uterino e a superação das barreiras enfrentadas pelas mulheres na realização do exame citopatológico. A hipótese do trabalho é que os profissionais de saúde que trabalham com educação permanente em saúde podem e devem utilizar o ambiente religioso para realizar promoção, prevenção e reabilitação de todas as politicas de saúde preconizadas pelo Programa Atenção Integral a Saúde da Mulher. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa baseada no estudo fenomenológico-hermenêutico direcionado ao método de analise de estudos teóricos, documentos e textos. O fenômeno foi descrito pelo método descritivo através da escolha do tema, levantamento bibliográfico, formatação do problema, formulação das hipóteses, ficha de leitura do material e fichamento, delimitação da pesquisa, coleta de dados, discussão e conclusão. A pesquisa foi delineada através da analise do estatuto da Sociedade de Socorro que é uma associação de mulheres de A Igreja de Jesus Cristo dos Santos dos últimos Dias conjuntamente com uma analise das politicas do SUS do PAISM e do programa de promoção e prevenção do câncer de colo uterino vigente em território brasileiro. Uma associação de mulheres em uma entidade religiosa possui um extraordinário trabalho, estabelecendo como propósito dessa organização de mulheres preparadas para as bênçãos da vida eterna, ajudando-as a aumentar sua fé e retidão pessoal, fortalecer a família e o lar, e auxiliar os necessitados. A educação em saúde nesses locais fortalecerá os princípios do SUS e a melhoria na condição de saúde das mulheres como proposito primordial. O cumprimento desse propósito se dará por meio de aulas proporcionadas pelos profissionais de saúdes e reforçada nas aulas do evangelho aos domingos e de outras reuniões, do trabalho de professoras visitantes, do serviço de bem-estar e do serviço de solidariedade. Sendo assim, venho advogar pela inclusão ou manutenção da educação permanente em saúde nas associações de mulheres nas mais diversas religiões.<br>The overall goal of this research is to demonstrate how an Association of Women in a religious entity may provide a favorable location for conducting health education with the purpose of providing knowledge in a safe environment while linking individual action and collective research experience that improves women's health and fighting a disease in Brazil that is the third leading cause of death of women in the country according to the Ministry of Health. Women's associations in religious bodies have their own statutes that establish the guidelines to be followed by the women. Through a prior knowledge of the status in Womens Associations in religious entities, the Comprehensive Care Program for Women's Health (CCPWH), knowledge of the Laws of the Unified Health System (UHS) and the program for prevention of cervical cancer, the professionals responsible for promoting health promotion, prevention and rehabilitation may have a conducive place where women individually and collectively feel safe to obtain knowledge, set goals, and achieve promotion and prevention for cervical cancer and overcome barriers faced by women in the Pap smear testing. The hypothesis of the study is that health professionals who work with continuing health education can and must use this environment to perform religious promotion, prevention and rehabilitation of all health policies advocated by the CCPWH. This is a qualitative research study based on hermeneutic-phenomenological directed method for analysis of theoretical studies, documents and texts. The phenomenon was described by the descriptive method for choosing the topic, bibliography, formatting the problem, formulating hypotheses, form reading and cataloging the material, delimitation of the research, data collection, discussion and conclusion. This research was designed through analyzing the status of the Relief Society, the association for women of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in conjunction with an analysis of the policies of the UHS with the CCPWH a program for promotion and cervical cancer prevention currently in force in Brazil. An association of women in a religious entity has an extraordinary work; establishing the purpose of this organization of women prepared for the blessings of eternal life by helping them to increase their faith and personal righteousness, strengthen families and homes, and help the needy. Health education in these locations will strengthen the principles of the UHS and improve the health status of women as a primary purpose. The fulfillment of this purpose will be through classes offered by health professionals and enhanced gospel classes on Sundays and other meetings, also through visiting teaching, welfare service, and compassionate service to the poor and needy. Therefore, come advocate for inclusion or maintenance of continuing health education in women's associations in various religions.
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VERHAEGHE, Jacques. "TESTING THE QUALITY OF A PCM OR PAM TELEMETRY SYSTEM." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614495.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1989 / Town & Country Hotel & Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>Verifying the quality of a PCM (or PAM) telemetry system is an important concern before any launch. A frame simulator generated test is definitely inchoate to exercise the link’s real world disturbances response behavior. It should be completed with tests involving some disturbances measurements.
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Evans, Steven. "The molecular characterisation of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A)." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1996. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19631/.

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PAPP-A is a large glycoprotein with alpha2-electrophoretic mobility that is produced by the placenta during pregnancy. In this thesis a biochemical and molecular characterisation of PAPP-A was performed. The polyclonal antiserum (DAKO) directed against PAPP-A has been shown to also interact with proteins other than PAPP-A. These non-specific interactions were abolished by performing Western blotting immunodetection at a high salt concentration (0.6M NaCl). At this salt concentration a single band of 195 kDa was immunodetected and this corresponded to the monomeric PAPP-A molecule. It was also discovered that a subset of paratopes in this antiserum reacted, under the described high salt concentration conditions, with the glycan component of PAPP-A. A placental cDNA library was screened using this antibody for the PAPP-A cDNA but this did not yield a clone for PAPP-A. A possible explanation is that the interaction with this antibody requires carbohydrate components to be present on the PAPP-A molecule. It is known that proteins expressed in bacterial systems are not post-translationally modified. Therefore another approach to the isolation of the PAPP-A cDNA clone was adopted, but this required some primary amino acid sequence of this protein that was unavailable at the time. To generate this information, PAPP-A was purified using its previously unpublished affinity for L-arginine in combination with the already described procedures of ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange and gel filtration. Final purification of PAPP-A was achieved by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The isolated monomeric PAPP-A gave a unique single N-terminal amino acid sequence: N-EARGATEEPS. The N terminal sequence combined with the sequence obtained from limited proteolytic digestion of PAPP-A were used to design oligonucleotide primers specific for PAPP-A. These primers were used in a PCR reaction that produced 500 and >1200 bp fragments using the cDNA library as DNA template; thus demonstrating that PAPP-A is synthesised in the placenta. PAPP-A was shown to have O and N-linked carbohydrate chains. Enzymatic deglycosylation demonstrated that the N-linked chains were 8% (w/w) of the molecule. The O-linked groups were extensively modified with the presence of oligomers of N-acetyl-glucosamine. It was also shown that it was these groups the PAPP-A antibodies bind to at high salt concentration. A physical interaction of PAPP-A with endoproteinase Arg-C (EGF-BP) was observed. It was seen that they form a 1:1 (PAPP-A: endoproteinase) sub-unit complex that was stable in SDS. A further investigation revealed that PAPP-A interacted with the endoproteinase Arg-C and this resulted in a 30% inhibition of the esterolytic activity of this enzyme.
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Mills, Nathan (Nathan Matthew). "Design and testing of a pan-tilt mechanism for severe environments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104300.

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Thesis: Nav. E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.<br>Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (page 210).<br>U.S. Navy ships have non-rotating radar and electronic warfare devices installed, which are often supported and trained by two-axis gimbals. In current shipboard solutions the payloads are often placed on a platform above the gimbal drive train, which results in high moment loads on drive components during a wave impact. As the payloads grow in size, the moment grows as well, and the current gimbal design is insufficient to support some payload geometries. This thesis presents a novel design for a low-mass two-axis machine that supports large payloads without large impact moments by locating the center of action along the axis of rotation. A functional prototype intended for shipboard installation was manufactured, assembled, and characterized in laboratory tests. The prototype was also subjected to environmental testing to military standards for temperature, vibration, and shock. Future improvements in machine function, promising areas for optimization, and an initial direction for taking the machine from prototype to product are presented.<br>by Nathan Mills.<br>Nav. E.<br>S.M.
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Chaturvedi, Vineet. "Mechanical Testing and Modeling of the Human Index Finger Distal Pad." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1429272206.

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Vondran, Jodi C. "A two pan feeding trial with companion dogs: considerations for future testing." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15891.

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Master of Science<br>Food Science<br>Edgar Chambers IV<br>Palatability of pet foods is judged by the use of animals in colonies. Pet food manufacturers would like to understand how palatable a food is compared to another food. This generally is accomplished by a two pan test where a pet has the opportunity to freely choose between two foods. Preference is evaluated through the use of an intake ratio, the ratio of the amount of test food consumed divided by the total amount of the foods consumed. Although this is easy to do in laboratories, another option would be to do such studies with animals in more ‘real-life’ home environments. The purpose of this study was to develop, and test a method to capture feeding information from a study of canines in the home environment and analyze the results of the palatability tests. Individual dog owners were screened for information on the household and pets. Twenty-five dogs of different ages, breeds and sizes were selected to participate on the in-home panel. Seven different palatability tests were performed using the in-home panel with four of those tests being replicated; a total of 11 comparative tests. These dogs were tested using a proprietary computer-based technology that collected information about intake of each food for each individual dog for a duration of seven days for each of the 11 comparative studies. Data was analyzed and resulted in showing that differences between foods can be found. Statistical analyses compared initial day one data to subsequent day data collected during each study to determine whether a full seven day test was needed. In addition, comparisons were made to compare the impact of prior foods eaten to subsequent preferences of the dogs. Results of the in-home panel were the same on day one as for all seven days of testing. Also, previous exposure to a food did not alter subsequent preference for that food. Such data has implications for pet food manufacturers related to timing and cost of testing.
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Fortner, Jason C. "Illuminating whole effluent toxicity testing : ultraviolet radiation, phototoxicity, and PAH-contaminated groundwater /." Online version, 2009. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=314&CISOBOX=1&REC=10.

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Fu, Jiangbiao, and Jiaqi Song. "Model-based Testing of supporting testing of PAC based controlling systems in industrial plants - A case study in printing plants." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16753.

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Context. Testing is a very critical process to evaluate whether a related function is correctly implemented in the control system. There is an upward trend to using PAC based control system in the automation production context. However, currently, most testing of PAC based controlling system is in manual testing, which has low efficiency and high complexity. Furthermore, there has been little research on the systematic testing of PAC in an industry environment. Objectives. Due to this problem, this study is to investigate whether a model-based testing method can overcome the challenge of manual testing and improve the testing effectiveness in PAC based controlling system. Methods. We use three steps to achieve the objective, and the first one is to implement a systematic mapping study to find existing model-based testing method that is using in the industrial area, what the process and the context. The second one is to implement a case study in a printing house, to see what the real challenge of manual testing, the third one is to find if exist MBT method could be used under such context to overcome challenges. Results. Through mapping study and case study, we found there are many testing methods and implement under diverse context, but none of them focus on the PAC based controlling system. And we found there exist MBT that also can be used in PAC based controlling system to mitigate some manual testing challenges. Conclusions. In our thesis, we implement a mapping study from 38 papers to collect data for existing model-based testing methods to have a deep understanding of this area. We found there are five main contexts that MBT are usually being used and we extract implement process and advantages and disadvantages for MBT methods which value to practitioners and researchers. And we conducted a case study in a printing house in Switzerland to observe the challenges of manual testing of PAC based controlling system. We found one exist MBT method that can be used in our context that makes the test case generation step more effective. And we proposed a simulation testing model that hopefully can address all the manual testing challenges by combined with the exist MBT method.
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Duan, Yuxia. "Probability of detection analysis for infrared nondestructive testing and evaluation with applications including a comparison with ultrasonic testing." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25251.

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La fiabilité d'une technique d’Évaluation Non-Destructive (END) est l'un des aspects les plus importants dans la procédure globale de contrôle industriel. La courbe de la Probabilité de Détection (PdD) est la mesure quantitative de la fiabilité acceptée en END. Celle-ci est habituellement exprimée en fonction de la taille du défaut. Chaque expérience de fiabilité en END devrait être bien conçue pour obtenir l'ensemble de données avec une source valide, y compris la technique de Thermographie Infrarouge (TI). La gamme des valeurs du rapport de l'aspect de défaut (Dimension / profondeur) est conçue selon nos expériences expérimentales afin d’assurer qu’elle vient du rapport d’aspect non détectable jusqu’à celui-ci soit détectable au minimum et plus large ensuite. Un test préliminaire est mis en œuvre pour choisir les meilleurs paramètres de contrôle, telles que l'énergie de chauffage, le temps d'acquisition et la fréquence. Pendant le processus de traitement des images et des données, plusieurs paramètres importants influent les résultats obtenus et sont également décrits. Pour la TI active, il existe diverses sources de chauffage (optique ou ultrason), des formes différentes de chauffage (pulsé ou modulé, ainsi que des méthodes différentes de traitement des données. Diverses approches de chauffage et de traitement des données produisent des résultats d'inspection divers. Dans cette recherche, les techniques de Thermographie Pulsée (TP) et Thermographie Modulée(TM) seront impliquées dans l'analyse de PdD. Pour la TP, des courbes PdD selon différentes méthodes de traitement de données sont comparées, y compris la Transformation de Fourier, la Reconstruction du Signal thermique, la Transformation en Ondelettes, le Contraste Absolu Différentiel et les Composantes Principales en Thermographie. Des études systématiques sur l'analyse PdD pour la technique de TI sont effectuées. Par ailleurs, les courbes de PdD en TI sont comparées avec celles obtenues par d'autres approches traditionnelles d’END.<br>The reliability of a Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation (NDT&amp; E) technique is one of the most important aspects of the overall industrial inspection procedure. The Probability of Detection (PoD) curve is the accepted quantitative measure of the NDT&amp; E reliability, which is usually expressed as a function of flaw size. Every reliability experiment of the NDT&amp; E system must be well designed to obtain a valid source data set, including the infrared thermography (IRT) technique. The range of defect aspect ratio (Dimension / depth) values is designed according to our experimental experiences to make sure it is from non-detectable to minimum detectable aspect ratio and larger. A preliminary test will be implemented to choose the best inspection parameters, such as heating energy, the acquisition time and frequency. In the data and image processing procedure, several important parameters which influence the results obtained are also described. For active IRT, there are different heating sources (optical or ultrasound), heating forms (pulsed or lock-in) and also data processing methods. Distinct heating and data processing manipulations produce different inspection results. In this research, both optical Pulsed Thermography (PT) and Lock-in Thermography (LT) techniques will be involved in the PoD analysis. For PT, PoD curves of different data processing methods are compared, including Fourier Transform (FT), 1st Derivative (1st D) after Thermal Signal Reconstruction (TSR), Wavelet Transform (WT), Differential Absolute Contrast (DAC), and Principal Component Thermography (PCT). Systematic studies on PoD analysis for IRT technique are carried out. Additionally, constructed PoD curves of IRT technique are compared with those obtained by other traditional NDT&amp; E approaches.
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Books on the topic "Pap testing"

1

United States. Public Health Service. Office of Population Affairs. Improving the quality of clinician Pap smear technique and management, client Pap smear education, and the evaluation of Pap smear laboratory testing: A resource guide for Title X family resource projects. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of Population Affairs, 1989.

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Krautkrämer, Josef. Ultrasonic testing of materials. 4th ed. Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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Rene, Marklein, and Mayer Klaus 1954-, eds. Ultrasonic nondestructive testing of materials: Theoretical foundations. Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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Pan Pacific Conference on Nondestructive Testing (5th 1987 Vancouver, B.C.). Fifth Pan Pacific Conference on Nondestructive Testing: Proceedings : April 1987, Vancouver, Canada. Edited by Kittmer C. A, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited., and Canadian Society for Nondestructive Testing. Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories, 1987.

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Canada, Atomic Energy of. Fifth Pan Pacific Conference on Nondestructive Testing: April 1987 Vancouver, Canada. s.n, 1987.

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Naughton, John. Exercise testing: Physiological, biomechanical, and clinical principles. Futura Pub. Co., 1988.

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McCormack, Thomas. Polyacrylamide (PAM) flocculent dissolution: Rate testing for an experimental passive dosing system. Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 2000.

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American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 7th ed. Edited by Whaley Mitchell H. 1955-, Brubaker Peter H. 1961-, Otto Robert M. 1952-, and Armstrong Lawrence E. 1949-. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.

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1958-, Roberts Scott, Robergs Robert A, and Hanson Peter, eds. Clinical exercise testing and prescription: Theory and application. CRC Press, 1997.

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(Organization), Inter-American Dialogue. The Americas at the millennium: A time of testing : a report of the Sol M. Linowitz Forum. Inter-American Dialogue, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pap testing"

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Cummings, De Ann. "Pap Smear and HPV Testing." In Primary Care Procedures in Women's Health. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28884-6_8.

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Hogarth, Stuart, Michael M. Hopkins, and Victor Rodriguez. "A Molecular Monopoly? HPV Testing, the Pap Smear and the Molecularisation of Cervical Cancer Screening in the USA." In The Sociology of Medical Screening. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118234358.ch6.

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Sand, Peter K., and Donald R. Ostergard. "Pad Testing." In Urodynamics and the Evaluation of Female Incontinence. Springer London, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2109-1_9.

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Pitt, Chris. "Testing." In Pro PHP MVC. Apress, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4165-2_11.

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Pitt, Chris. "Testing." In Pro PHP MVC. Apress, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4165-2_21.

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Pitt, Chris. "CodeIgniter: Testing." In Pro PHP MVC. Apress, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4165-2_25.

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Pitt, Chris. "CakePHP: Testing." In Pro PHP MVC. Apress, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4165-2_33.

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Olsson, Mikael. "Variable Testing." In PHP Quick Scripting Reference. Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6284-8_20.

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Pitt, Chris. "Zend Framework: Testing." In Pro PHP MVC. Apress, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4165-2_29.

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Olsson, Mikael. "Variable Testing." In PHP 7 Quick Scripting Reference. Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1922-5_20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pap testing"

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Goh, Andrea, and Leong Chung Ling. "Refined Wire Bond Pad Cratering Testing Method." In 2024 IEEE 40th International Electronics Manufacturing Technology (IEMT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iemt61324.2024.10875272.

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Fritz, James D. "In Situ Electrochemical Testing of Stainless Steel Surfaces." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16227.

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Abstract A novel approach for performing electrochemical testing on in-situ stainless steel surfaces is presented. This approach involves the use of an absorbent pad placed on the test surface to facilitate the application of standard electrochemical test methods. A detailed description of the experimental procedure is provided. The test method has the advantages of being nondestructive and can be used as a field test. Examples of the successful use of this approach for the in-situ evaluating the pitting resistance of 316L pharmaceutical tanks and for nondestructive detection of sigma phase in cast duplex stainless steel are provided. Other possible applications and limitations of the test method are discussed.
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Barnack-Tavlaris, Jessica L., Ana Navarro, Kate Murray, Marianne McKennett, Lori McNicholas, and Olga Sanchez. "Abstract A20: Increasing pap testing with a community-based educational intervention in the Latina population." In Abstracts: AACR International Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities‐‐ Sep 30-Oct 3, 2010; Miami, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.disp-10-a20.

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Ashing, Kimlin, Camille Ragin, Ndifreke Etim, and Francisca Rivera. "Abstract B091: Across border: Towards increasing Pap testing and HPVV knowledge and acceptability among minority populations." In Abstracts: Eleventh AACR Conference on The Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; November 2-5, 2018; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp18-b091.

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Tanjasiri, Sora Park, Jie W. Weiss, Michele Mouttapa, and Lola Sablan Santos. "Abstract A37: Outcomes of a Randomized Community Trial to Increase Pap Testing among Pacific Islanders in Southern California." In Abstracts: Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 25-28, 2016; Fort Lauderdale, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp16-a37.

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Sivarasu, Sudesh, Lehan Hefer, Chibuike Mbanefo, and Rakiya Saidu. "A Speculum-Free Approach to Cervical Cancer Screening: Design, Development and Testing." In 2025 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1115/dmd2025-1047.

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Abstract Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where effective screening has been challenging due to resource constraints. In high-income countries, methods such as pap smears and human papillomavirus DNA tests have proven effective. Visual inspection with acetic acid has been employed in low-income settings as an alternative. However, high costs, reliance on subjective interpretation, and the discomfort women experience due to the use of a speculum to visualise the cervix during these tests hinder widespread adoption in LMICs. This research aimed to develop a speculum-free digital cervical cancer screening device, the CerviScreen, to enhance VIA's diagnostic accuracy and usability. The device, comprising five subsystems—housing, visualization, liquid application, dilation, and decontamination—was designed using rapid prototyping principles. It provides a less invasive screening procedure, offering real-time video, controllable lighting, and acetic acid application for diagnosis. Verification testing aligned with ISO 8600 standards and included risk assessment to mitigate usability and functionality concerns. Although the study acknowledged design limitations, the CerviScreen showed promising diagnostic accuracy and usability. Further testing on human patients is necessary to confirm its efficacy. Based on the study feedback, refinements will be made to optimize the device.
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Phelan, Darcy F., John K. Boitnott, Douglas P. Clark, Lisa C. Dubay, and Patti E. Gravitt. "Abstract B94: The effect of clinic on identifying predictors of HPV co-testing with Pap in routine cervical cancer screening." In Abstracts: AACR International Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities‐‐ Sep 18-Sep 21, 2011; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.disp-11-b94.

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Carey, Brenna, Claudia Chalk, Kanji Uchida, et al. "Dried Blood Spot Card Testing For Diagnostic, Epidemiological And Longitudinal Evaluation Of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: The US National PAP Registry Study." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5799.

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Ramirez, Andres Rave, Octavio Arencibia Sanchez, Laura Molero Sala, Daniel Gonzalez Garcia-Cano, Alicia Martin Martinez, and Beatriz Navarro. "2022-RA-1625-ESGO Diagnostic performance of PAP-smear and HPV-testing in the follow-up of patients with cervical cancer." In ESGO 2022 Congress. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2022-esgo.147.

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Haderxhanaj, Laura, Jill Dieselz, and Thomas Peterman. "O11.6 Trends in chlamydia screening and pap testing among US females by age and race, national survey of family growth, 2006–2017." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.169.

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Reports on the topic "Pap testing"

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Welty, Amy K., Troy G. Garn, and Mitchell Greenhalgh. Cycle Testing of AgZ-PAN and HZ-PAN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1467488.

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Wall, Frederick Douglas, and Neil R. Brown. Long-term corrosion testing pan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/943847.

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Bardey, David, Philippe De Donder, and Marie-Louise Leroux. Incentivizing Physicians’ Diagnostic Effort and Test with Moral Hazard and Adverse Selection. CIRANO, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54932/owwf5638.

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In this paper, the authors study the following : Doctors with different levels of altruism put in varying amounts of effort to diagnose patients before deciding on tests. The diagnostic effort gives an imperfect idea of the patient's condition, while tests are perfect. Without regulation, doctors don't put in enough diagnostic effort and rely too much on tests. The optimal outcome can be achieved with a payment system that includes: 1) Pay-for-performance (P4P) based on correctly treated patients to encourage proper diagnostic effort. 2) Capitation to ensure the right testing decisions and doctor participation. When doctors' altruism levels cannot be observed, a uniform P4P component encourages more altruistic doctors to make more diagnostic efforts. The capitation part should depend on test costs to motivate the optimal testing decisions.
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Josephson, Gary B., John GH Geeting, Carolyn A. Burns, et al. PEP Run Report for Simulant Shakedown/Functional Testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/970759.

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Garn, Troy G., Mitchell Greenhalgh, Kevin L. Lyon, and Jack D. Law. Multi-component testing using HZ-PAN and AgZ-PAN Sorbents for OSPREY Model validation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1186743.

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Flach, G. P. Electromagnetic Borehole Flowmeter Testing at the Southwest Plume Test Pad. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/774272.

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Flach, Gregory P., and L. Romanowski. Electromagnetic Borehole Flowmeter (EBF) Testing at the Southwest Plume Test Pad (U). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1469274.

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Billing, Justin M., Richard C. Daniel, Dean E. Kurath, and Reid A. Peterson. Bench-Scale Filtration Testing in Support of the Pretreatment Engineering Platform (PEP). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/967931.

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Kang, Kyubyung, Jinwoong Lee, Hojin Park, and Jusang Lee. Lessening Density Requirement and Adjusting Density Pay Factors for Asphalt Pavements in Poor Sublayer Conditions. Purdue University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284317815.

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Current quality control and quality assurance practices for asphalt pavements rely heavily on density (%Gmm) measurements, which are directly linked to pay adjustments. However, these practices can inadvertently encourage over-compaction, leading to issues such as aggregate segregation, crushing, and reduced pavement quality, especially under poor subgrade conditions. This study examines the relationship between the density of newly laid asphalt layers and the conditions of underlying sublayers in Hot Mix Asphalt pavements. This study analyzed INDOT's historical compaction data and conducted gyratory compaction testing. The analysis result revealed a weak negative correlation between subgrade conditions and surface density. Similarly, the gyratory compaction testing demonstrated that poor sublayer conditions resulted in lower surface density values, while stable subgrades lead to higher densities. Based on these findings, this study proposes a probabilistic approach for pay factor adjustments using subgrade deflection as a key parameter. These findings offer a pathway to refine pay factor criteria, enhancing pavement consistency and durability while promoting equitable pay adjustments for both INDOT and contractors.
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Teytelman, D. DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A LOW GROUP-DELAY WOOFER CHANNEL FOR PEP-II. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/827339.

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