Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Papal diplomacy'
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Maxson, Brian. "Claiming Byzantium: Papal Diplomacy, Biondo Flavio, and the Fourth Crusade." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6176.
Full textSchneider, Christian. "Pope Clement VIII and confessional conflict : international papal politics and diplomacy (1598-1605)." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11656/.
Full textFletcher, Catherine Lucy. "Renaissance diplomacy in practice : the case of Gregorio Casali, England's ambassador to the papal court, 1525-33." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668346.
Full textBOTRUGNO, LORENZO. "LE RELAZIONI DIPLOMATICHE TRA IL REGNO UNITO E LA SANTA SEDE DURANTE IL PONTIFICATO DI PIO XI (1922 - 1939)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6225.
Full textAnglo-vatican relations, historically marked by reciprocal diffidences, were characterized by cordiality during the first part of the pontificate of Pope Achille Ratti - Pius XI (1922-1939). From 1927 to 1932 a painful conflict between Church and State in Malta, the Roman Catholic British colony, gradually turned into a bitter diplomatic confrontation between the Secretariat of State of His Holiness and the Foreign Office. The ties between United Kingdom and Holy See weakened further in the years 1935-1936, during the Ethiopian War: wrongly, London interpreted Papal Diplomacy’s peace initiative as conceived to support the imperial claims of Fascist Italy. In 1937, following the publication of the Encyclical “Mit Brennender Sorge”, a factual rapprochement started: the British perceived the Papacy as lined up with democracies and opposed to Totalitarian States, that is to say Germany and Italy. The institution of the Apostolic Delegation to Great Britain (November 1938) constituted symptom and concrete manifestation of a new and deep harmony.
BOTRUGNO, LORENZO. "LE RELAZIONI DIPLOMATICHE TRA IL REGNO UNITO E LA SANTA SEDE DURANTE IL PONTIFICATO DI PIO XI (1922 - 1939)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6225.
Full textAnglo-vatican relations, historically marked by reciprocal diffidences, were characterized by cordiality during the first part of the pontificate of Pope Achille Ratti - Pius XI (1922-1939). From 1927 to 1932 a painful conflict between Church and State in Malta, the Roman Catholic British colony, gradually turned into a bitter diplomatic confrontation between the Secretariat of State of His Holiness and the Foreign Office. The ties between United Kingdom and Holy See weakened further in the years 1935-1936, during the Ethiopian War: wrongly, London interpreted Papal Diplomacy’s peace initiative as conceived to support the imperial claims of Fascist Italy. In 1937, following the publication of the Encyclical “Mit Brennender Sorge”, a factual rapprochement started: the British perceived the Papacy as lined up with democracies and opposed to Totalitarian States, that is to say Germany and Italy. The institution of the Apostolic Delegation to Great Britain (November 1938) constituted symptom and concrete manifestation of a new and deep harmony.
Preto, Alessandra Falcao. "O conceito de diplomacia presidencial: o papel da Presidência da República na formulação de política externa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-16102006-195630/.
Full textIn recent years the term presidential diplomacy has become widely known due to its constant presence in the media, the academic and diplomatic circles. This paper aims to analyze the concept of presidential diplomacy in Brazil, coined by researchers to describe the new and more active attitude toward foreign policy of some presidents. This analysis is important to better understand the actions executed by the head of the Executive in the international arena. Publications that approached the concept and those that defined it were compared in order to contribute to the comprehension of its theoretical statute. Furthermore, the concept of presidential diplomacy was confronted with other approaches that deal with the direct intervention of the Chief-of-State in the formulation of foreign policy.
Santos, Ana Cristina Leitão. "Branding de países e atração de investimento direto estrangeiro : o papel do soft power." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6457.
Full textNas últimas décadas, deu-se uma mudança no paradigma internacional e na maneira como os países se interrelacionam. Estas relações, cada vez mais económicas, exigem uma nova abordagem por parte dos países. Neste sentido, o conceito de soft power de Joseph Nye, enquanto poder de atracção de um país e que pode ser encontrado na sua cultura, valores e políticas externas, ao invés de hard power, considerado como poder de coerção e que pode ser económico ou militar, ganha uma maior relevância. Neste contexto, o papel do country branding enquanto ferramenta utilizada pelos países para a prossecução da sua própria agenda tem vindo a ser desenvolvido, pretendendo o presente estudo analisar o papel do mesmo com o objetivo de atrair Investimento Directo Estrangeiro e a existência de evidências de soft power e hard power nessas estratégias. Para isso, foram desenvolvidas categorias e sub-categorias de soft e hard power, baseadas na visão de Nye, que são aplicadas a uma análise qualitativa dos sites oficiais de atracção de Investimento Directo Estrangeiro das economias emergentes denominadas de BRIC (Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China). As conclusões apontam para uma forte interdependência entre as dimensões de soft power, assim como o papel que as mesmas desempenham na construção da imagem de um país.
It has been a change, in the last decades, in the international paradigm and in the way countries relate. These relationships, increasingly economic, require a new approach by countries. In this sense, the concept of soft power by Joseph Nye, as the attractiveness of a country that can be found in their culture, values and foreign policies, rather than hard power, considered coercive power and that can be economic or military, gains greater relevance. In this context, the role of country branding as a tool used by countries to pursue its own agenda has been developed, pretending this study to examine its role with the objective of Foreign Direct Investment attraction and the existence of evidence soft power and hard power in these strategies. For this, we developed categories and sub-categories of soft and hard power, based on the vision of Nye, who are applied in a qualitative analysis of the official websites for Foreign Direct Investment attraction of the emerging economies known as BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China). The conclusions suggest a strong interdependence between the soft power dimensions and also the importance of their role in the image construction of a country.
Robinson, Adam Patrick. "'Reforming Bishop, Papal Diplomat, Suspect heretic, and Presiding legate at the Council of Trent : A reassessment of the career of Gardinal Giovanni Morone (1509-1580)." Thesis, Heythrop College (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499097.
Full textOliveira, Eduarda Paiva Meira de. "Dinâmica decisória em política externa brasileira: o papel do presidente da república e de seus ministérios na solução de crises comerciais no Mercosul (200l-2006)." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12085.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2015-03-11T19:31:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO Maria Eduarda Paiva de Oliveira.PDF: 974514 bytes, checksum: 96fd057834c1e4b2a6db1d57cb8b6284 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
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Após o período de ditadura militar, o Estado democrático brasileiro favoreceu a convergência política com a Argentina na busca de superar animosidades históricas mútuas. Na fase de negociação dos tratados de cooperação que culminaram na criação do Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul), dois atores emergem como figuras principais. O primeiro deles é o corpo burocrático especializado, o Ministério das Relações Exteriores (MRE) ou Itamaraty, agente tradicionalmente principal na concepção da inserção internacional do país. O segundo ator importante a intervir é o Presidente da República, assumindo um papel cada vez maior na solução de problemas, e, em certas situações, participando de negociações. A literatura sobre processo decisório, em geral, enfatiza um Itamaraty que perde seu monopólio na tomada de decisão, em favor de um Presidente da República forte e de ministérios especializados em determinados temas da agenda externa. No entanto, essas novas interpretações foram raramente testadas frente a um caso concreto. Além disso, visto que o Presidente da República responde pela política interna nacional, ele somente interfere em demandas específicas- o que certamente afeta a abrangência de sua diplomacia presidencial. O presente trabalho busca esclarecer, no âmbito da crise e reconstrução do Mercosul, entre 2001 e 2006, se é possível encontrar embasamento empírico para as assertivas estabelecidas pela literatura. Para tanto, discute-se, a partir da metodologia de estudo de caso, o papel do Presidente da República, do MRE e de outros ministérios relacionados ao tema (1) na crise dos bens de informática; (2) na manutenção de uma Tarifa Externa Comum do Mercosul e (3) na criação do Mecanismo de Adaptação Competitiva (MAC). O estudo conclui que o Presidente da República concentra a tomada de decisão quando há um conflito interministerial em questões estratégicas.
Maymó, i. Capdevila Pere. "El ideario de lo sacro en Gregorio Magno (590-604). De los santos en la diplomacia pontificia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/123278.
Full textThis thesis aims to analyse the ideological and political relevance of Gregory the Great (590-604), author of a prolific exegetical corpus and a valuable Registrum epistularum which contains the bulk of the information known for the Italy of his time. It has been our intention to consider the pontiff from this duality, synthesis of Romanitas and Christianitas, to understand the wholeness of his thought and the transcendence of his politics. Thus, we have divided our thesis into three axes. In the first axe (Part II), we study Gregory’s figure in the historical and especially cultural context which influence on his discernment. Both his laic and religious education constitute the basis of his conception of the world and become indispensable for any research on his work. The second axe (Part III) deals with the ideology of the sacred. Firstly, we examine some accessory but important components of his proselytism –music, image and relics–, which the pope used to establish a spiritual bond with Rome that concerns her moral authority in the late antique Mediterranean. Secondly, we study the effect of Gregory’s redefinition of the sacred on his different attitude towards religious otherness: heretic, schismatic or unfaithful. Finally, we analyse the Dialogorum libri quatuor, whose authorship is discussed. In this hagiographical work, Italy is inhabited by many close and contemporary saints –the Gregorian uir Dei– who ratify God’s intervention to provide this land its own holy men. The third axe (Part IV) refers to the pontifical Realpolitik developed before the different monarchies of the sixth century Romania. We examine his monarchical conception and evaluate his actual and adaptive diplomacy before the Byzantine Empire or the Germanic kingdoms to interpret Gregory’s political interventions from a “hagiopolitical” point of view. It seems clear to us that the pontiff made use of his new ideology of the sacred to increase Rome’s influence, and the relics sent to sovereigns and patricians are the best example. Besides, Gregory was the first pope who kept a significant correspondence with empresses and queens, whose influence on their consorts was to become essential in the Christianisation of the late antique societies. The thesis also includes two Appendixes dealing with the relics and the uiri Dei, respectively.
Castro, e. Silva José Roberto. "A cobertura da diplomacia brasileira em Folha de S. Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo: a representação do Itamaraty e as narrativas sobre o papel do Brasil no mundo." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1515.
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O trabalho se ocupa das interfaces entre a mídia e a política e busca identificar a formação de uma identidade internacional brasileira através da cobertura do Itamaraty feita pelos grandes jornais do país. Usando técnicas de Bakhtin e da escola francesa de Análise do Discurso, a pesquisa se debruça sobre a cobertura jornalística feita pela Folha de S. Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo para descobrir qual a identidade nacional foi forjada naqueles textos e matérias durante os governos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso e Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. O trabalho tenta responder se o discurso circulante de que o Brasil ganhou poder desde 1995 é reproduzido na grande imprensa. O discurso jornalístico é também comparado com o de pesquisadores da área de Relações Internacionais e de diplomatas e formuladores das políticas externas dos dois governos. Foram analisados jornais publicados durante o período da Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas nos anos de 1995, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2007 e 2010.
The project focus on analysing the interfaces between the media and the politics and seeks to identify the Brazilian international identity construction based on the Itamaraty coverage by the main press of the country. Using Bakhtin and French School Discourse Analysis techniques, the research addresses Folha de S. Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo media coverage to find out which national identity was produced by the texts and articles published during Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva governments. The project also tries to answer if the spread speech that Brazil gained power since 1995 is reproduced among the mainstream media. The journalistic speech is also compared with the ones from International Relations researchers and diplomats and external policy formulators from both governments. Newspapers published during the United Nations General Assembly in 1995, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2007 e 2010.
Ramos, Sofia Dias. "O papel do Fórum de Macau no posicionamento geoestratégico da República Popular da China nos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa:Relações de cooperação entre a República Popular da China e a República de Moçambique." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16052.
Full textBaptista, Pedro Silva. "O papel da diplomacia económica na dinamização da economia: o caso de Cabo Verde." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/40265.
Full textEsta dissertação debruça sobre a diplomacia económica em Cabo Verde. Apresenta um enquadramento do país, analisando a sua economia e o seu posicionamento em indicadores internacionais e descreve a diplomacia cabo-verdiana. Perspetiva novas estratégias e políticas para o turismo, o principal driver económico de Cabo Verde. Analisa os fluxos de IDE, de 2000 até a atualidade, avançando conclusões e recomendações de política. Afere como a atividade diplomática evoluiu, com foco nos domínios económicos e empresariais. A diplomacia económica envolve a comercialização de produtos e serviços, a atração de IDE e de fluxos turísticos, a internacionalização da economia e, por vezes, a melhoria de acesso aos modelos internacionais de financiamento. O conceito abarca também ações que contribuam para a afirmação da estrutura económica e empresarial de um Estado no exterior, nomeadamente a “imagem” que um país consegue transmitir no extrangeiro. Cabo Verde apresenta uma posição geográfica e uma estabilidade económica, política e social que o diferencia da maioria dos países africanos. A condição capital para o seu desenvolvimento prende-se com a capacidade de atrair capitais externos. A ascensão de Cabo Verde à País de Desenvolvimento Médio coincidiu com a crise financeira mundial. Com esta alteração, as ajudas externas, os financiamentos concessionais e os fluxos de IDE diminuíram de forma significativa. Um dos objetivos fundamentais desta dissertação é a proposição de um framework para a operacionalização do sistema de diplomacia económica em Cabo Verde e a elaboração de um conjunto de recomendações de política para as autoridades caboverdianas. A metodologia utilizada inclui, entre outras, a realização de exercícios de benchmarking com as melhores práticas internacionais no ramo da diplomacia económica e, sobretudo, a produção de informação qualitativa a partir da realização de entrevistas aos principais policy makers cabo-verdianos na área da política económica e das relações externas. A aplicação dos vários instrumentos metodologicos permite concluir que a diplomacia económica pode desempenhar uma função estratégica na mobilização de capitais para Cabo Verde, nomeadamente através da captação de IDE. A diplomacia económica é um mecanismo de grande utilidade para a promoção de Cabo Verde como destino turístico e para a afirmação do arquipélago no contexto internacional.
This study is focused in Cape Verde’s economic diplomacy. It contextualizes the country by describing its economy and the Cape Verde positioning in international indicators. It analyzes new strategies and policies for tourism, the main economic driver of Cape Verde. It examines the FDI flows in the country, from 2000 to 2014, advancing important conclusions. It looks at how the diplomatic activity has been transformed in recent decades and how economic diplomacy has emerged. The economic diplomacy is a mechanism that involves the commercialization of products and services, the attraction of foreign direct investment and, among others, the attraction of touristic influx. The concept also includes actions that contribute to the strengthening of the economic structure of a country abroad, which can be translated in the image that a State presents to the world. Cape Verde image tends to be denoted by it’s great geographical location, economy, politics and social stability, which differentiates it from most of the African countries. One of the main conditions required for the development of the Cape Verde, tends to be closely related with the country’s ability to attract foreign capital. The diversity of Cape Verde’s productive base is essential for the country’s economical sustainability. The country climb to a country of median developmental overlapped the world’s financial crisis. Due to these two major events, the external financial aid and influx of foreign direct investment were considerably decreased. In addition, one of the fundamental goals of this dissertation is to propose a framework for the economic diplomacy system in Cape Verde and a set of recommendations to the cape-verdians authorities. To proceed with this study, to the best of our knowledge, the first one of this kind in Cape Verde, the methodology applied includes, among others, the production of qualitative data based on interviews with capeverdean top policy makers of economic and external relations fields. The application of multiple methodological instruments shows that the economic diplomacy can play a strategic role in mobilizing capital to Cape Verde, including by attracting FDI. Economic diplomacy can be a useful tool to promote the archipelago as a touristic destination and for the branding of Cape Verde on the international scene.
Barwinski, Susana Maria Correia da Silva Pinto. "Diplomacia económica portuguesa: o papel e o apoio à internacionalização das empresas." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/19406.
Full textA Globalização, o fim da Guerra Fria e a consequente alteração no Sistema Internacional alterou o exercício, o conteúdo e os métodos da diplomacia. Atualmente, a diplomacia não está apenas circunscrita aos assuntos políticos e estratégicos, com objetivos de mediação e gestão de conflitos de forma a evitar a guerra. O fomento da intervenção económica externa dos Estados, a liberalização dos mercados e introdução de novos atores na ação diplomática (Empresas, Organizações Não Governamentais, etc.) originou uma diplomacia de carácter económico. A emergência e a pertinência da diplomacia económica nas relações internacionais e na política externa dos Estados justificam uma análise da diplomacia económica portuguesa. Com a presente dissertação pretende-se analisar a evolução da diplomacia económica moderna identificando o seu conceito, objetivos, funções e áreas de intervenção. Quanto à diplomacia económica portuguesa objetiva-se apurar a sua presença efetiva no aparelho diplomático português, identificar os seus agentes e compreender quais os estímulos dirigidos pela ação diplomática portuguesa no apoio à internacionalização e ao Investimento Direto Português no Estrangeiro, nomeadamente no mercado brasileiro.
Globalization, the end of the Cold War and the consequent change in the international system has modified the exercise, the content and the methods of diplomacy. Today, diplomacy is not only confined to political affairs and strategic purposes of mediation and conflict management in order to avoid war. The increase in state foreign economic intervention, market liberalization and the introduction of new actors in diplomacy (Enterprises, Non Governmental Organisations, etc.) led to the emergence of economic diplomacy. This emergence and the relevance of economic diplomacy in international relations and in states foreign policy justifies an analysis of the Portuguese economic diplomacy. This dissertation intends to analyse the evolution of modern economic diplomacy identifying the concept, objectives, functions and its areas of intervention. On the Portuguese economic diplomacy we intend to unveil its effective presence within the Portuguese diplomatic system, identify its agents and understand which stimulus the Portuguese diplomatic action gives to support internationalization and Portuguese foreign direct investment, particularly towards the Brazilian market.
Alexandre, Filipa Maia. "Diplomacia económica : o papel das agências de investimento externo e o caso da AICEP na Tailândia." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/31971.
Full textIn an increasingly globalized world, a traditionally political diplomacy had to adapt, expanding its functions as companies increasingly grow through internationalization and promote the country's economy. National States need to support this expansion, as an opportunity for growth of the economy of countries and defense of national interests of external action. This is the origin of the concept of economic diplomacy, with new actors, new activities and new objectives. Economic diplomacy has two main aspects: promoting the country's image in foreign markets, exports and foreign direct investment and, on the other hand, strengthening bilateral and multilateral trade, through polices for external trade and economics. It is in this sense that, in Portugal, AICEP - Agency for Investment and Foreign Trade of Portugal - is the main entity within the Portuguese economic diplomacy. This work aims to facilitate a better understanding of the concept of economic diplomacy and the involving work of its actors, emphasizing the national economic diplomacy and AICEP, the entity where the final master's degree internship was developed, namely in the Bangkok delegation. Thus, two questions are asked: "What is the role of foreign investment agencies in the internationalization of Portuguese companies?" and “What role has the AICEP Bangkok delegation played in the internationalization process of national companies in the Thai market?”. To answer these questions, this work carried out a case study of the AICEP Bangkok delegation centered on the activities carried out by the entity, to better understand the contribution of the delegation in the countries' bilateral relationship. This study is supported by the collection of descriptive and statistical data, as well as data provided by the delegation itself and also through observation throughout the course internship. The results allowed us to conclude that, more and more, governments perceive foreign investment agencies as an instrument to support the competitiveness of national economies in foreign markets. These agencies are considered, therefore, indispensable in the internationalization of an economy, since they are exclusively destined to economic diplomacy and work to eliminate the barriers to internationalization. AICEP Bangkok, being included in this type of agencies, also works in this direction. To develop the case study, there were some difficulties felt, namely due to the scarce information on the work to be developed. It is an embryonic project, in a market yet to be explored, which made it difficult to assess the delegation's performance. Even so, the delegation's work has come to be recognized and, with a greater commitment in this regard by the national government, it may bring numerous opportunities for the internationalization of the Portuguese economy.
Cruz, Cláudio de Castro Vasco da. "O papel da Organização das Nações Unidas em Angola." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/1322.
Full textAngola tem sido ao longo dos tempos objecto de cobiça por parte de países estrangeiros por motivações diversas, que foram desde interesses coloniais – como aconteceu com Portugal, que durante séculos a colonizou, e da Holanda, que dominou Luanda entre 1641 e 1648 – ou por interesses hegemónicos, ideológicos e políticos – como sucedeu com os EUA e a URSS, mas também com a Republica Popular da China e Cuba – e até por interesses regionais – como foram os casos da África do Sul e dos contíguos Congo Belga, hoje Republica Democrática do Congo, e Zâmbia. No entanto, a todos estes interesses diversos não se pode excluir um que lhes é transversal: o interesse económico. De facto, os 1246700 km² de que Angola dispõe, aliados à sua excelente localização geográfica com uma extensa costa atlântica e a sua extraordinária riqueza em recursos naturais podem explicar este envolvimento estrangeiro na História de Angola. No que diz respeito ao objecto da Dissertação, o envolvimento da ONU nas questões relacionadas com Angola remonta à década de 50, ou seja, ao período colonial e muito antes da independência do país em 1975, devido à política descolonizadora saída da II Guerra Mundial. Além disso, a dinâmica que emergiu da II Guerra Mundial, rapidamente, reconfigurou o panorama político internacional em dois blocos: o ocidental liderado pelos EUA e o de Leste liderado pela URSS, que se envolveram numa Guerra Fria, polarização cujos efeitos se ligam de forma trágica à guerra em Angola, primeiro para a autodeterminação, e, depois, já num contexto de independência, num conflito armado que ultrapassou o plano interno. Os interesses dos EUA e da URSS, que começaram por ser antagónicos, deram lugar em 1989 com o fim da bipolaridade a uma cooperação mais aberta e uma abertura política em Angola rumo à paz e ao início da construção da democracia. Neste trabalho estuda-se o papel da ONU em Angola, quer no período de luta pela independência, quer depois, na busca da paz no sangrento conflito – nem sempre civil – que mesmo antes da data da independência, a 11 de Novembro de 1975, e até Fevereiro de 2002, dilacerou o país. Procura-se, igualmente, analisar o contributo da ONU na consolidação das instituições e na construção de um regime democrático em Angola.
Angola has been along time subject to the greed of several foreign countries for many reasons and motivations which go from colonial interests - that is the cases of, Portugal which for centuries colonized it, and Netherlands under whose administration had been Luanda between 1641 and 1648 - or for hegemonic, ideological and political interests - as it happened in regard to USA and USSR, but also People‟s Republic of China, Cuba, - and even for regional interests - regarding South Africa Republic, and the neighbouring countries, Democratic Republic of Congo (ancient Republic of the Congo “Leopoldville”), and the Republic of Zambia. On the other hand to these interests we may join another which is transversal to all of them: economic interest. Effectively, Angola‟s 481,351 square miles (1,246,700 Km2 ) estimated area, combined with its excellent geographical location with a lengthy Atlantic coast, its extraordinary richness in natural resources may well explain this foreign participation in its Political History. Concerning the objective of this work, the UN has been involved in matters regarding Angola since the decade of 50 of the last century, during the colonial period, long before the independence of the country in 1975, due to the decolonization policy emerged from the Second World War. Furthermore, after the Second World War, international environment has changed, transforming quickly the world into two main blocs, the West with the leadership of the USA and the East with the leadership of USSR which went into a Cold War. The effects of this polarization reached tragically Angola, early in the fight for self-determination, and went on later after independence in an armed conflict, which has overcome the internal dimension. The USA and USSR interests, at the beginning being antagonistic had become by 1989, with the end of bipolarity, more cooperative, leading Angola to a political reform towards peace and beginning the construction of democracy. In this academic work it‟s studied the UNO role in Angola since the fight for self-determination early in the sixties of last century, and later in the search for peace during the bloody - and not always civil – war conflict which very before independence date in 11th November 1975, and as long as 2002, divided the country. Additionally, this work aims to understand the UNO contribution to consolidate institutions and to promote democracy in Angola.
Campos, Lucien Vilhalva de. "O flagelo humanitário do século XXI : a crise de refugiados do Médio Oriente e o papel da diplomacia internacional." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/7792.
Full textA presente dissertação trata sobre o papel da diplomacia na decorrente crise de refugiados do Médio Oriente. Baseando-se na evolução das normas de proteção humana conferidas na ordem internacional humanitária, são analisadas as técnicas diplomáticas que interferem na problemática dos refugiados. Também são identificados os principais eventos e motivações geopolíticas que possivelmente ajudaram a estimular o estalar da violência humana no mundo árabe. Enquadrando os refugiados nas relações internacionais, a dissertação pretende oferecer argumentos para que a comunidade internacional renove um compromisso global assente em valores humanitários a fim de garantir a paz e proteção aos grupos vulneráveis aos atos de beligerância humana. Fenômeno milenar e resultante da guerra, a migração forçada é procedida de más decisões propulsoras de instabilidades e desordens em nome dos interesses de atores internacionais ou grupos sociais. Referente ao Médio Oriente, requer-se um empenho mais efetivo da comunidade internacional face a gravidade das crises humanitárias, bem como se observa uma viragem no quadro geopolítico por efeito de dois fatores: o declínio do poder hegemômico dos Estados Unidos e a nova doutrina militar russa. Estes fatores, por fim, produzem um cenário de imprevisibilidade e impunidade, cujas relações de poder estão deixando de ser claras.
The present study deals with diplomacy in the occurring refugee crisis in the Middle East. Based in the evolution of the human protection laws introduced in the international humanitarian order, diplomatic techniques that interfere with the refugee problematic will be analyzed. There will be also analyzed the main geopolitics events and motivations that most likely stimulated the human violence in the Arab world. Inserting the refugees in international relations, this study pretends to offer arguments for the international community to renew the global compromise set under humanitarian values pretended to guarantee peace and protection to vulnerable groups of human belligerence acts. Millennial phenomenon and resultant of war, the forced migration is proceeded by bad decisions driven by instability and disorder in the name of personal interest or international actors and social groups. In relation to the Middle East, it is required a bigger and more effective effort of the international community facing the gravity of the humanitarian crisis, as well as it is observed a slew in the geopolitical frame for the effect of two factors: the decline of the hegemonic power United States of America and the new Russian military doctrine. These factors, ultimately, create a scenario of unpredictability and impunity, in which the power relations are becoming ever more unclear.
Souza, Nathalia Conde de Carvalho. "O papel das feiras na diplomacia e internacionalização da economia portuguesa." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/92750.
Full textWe enter the 21st Century with a strong global trend of interdependence between three business leverage tools: TRADE FAIR, DIGITAL MATURITY and INTERNATIONALIZATION. The world and the market have never been so dynamic. Companies that want to stay within business competition and move from the domestic to the international market need to "communicate their value propositions very clearly and consistently." Above all, knowing how to use these tools accordingly, since “although complementary, they are not always harmonic” (LAMMERTZ, 2019, our emphasis). It is in this context that the present study is inserted. Based on the internationalization of Portuguese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the aim is to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the role of fairs as tools to support and promote external, foreign market. To this end, we will seek to deduce the opportunities and challenges that global competitiveness has brought to its entrepreneurs (such as opening of new markets and intensifying levels of competition), and the changes that the new scenario imposes on trade fairs and events in order for them to continue to represent a model or strategy that meets current and future needs. Therefore, we will seek to answer the following investigation question - How are global competitiveness, technological changes and new internationalization strategies affecting trade fairs in its role of standard model for Portuguese SMEs to access the foreign market? Given this context and the plurality of new ways of doing business, we will seek to understand how and with what resources the host entity, Lisboa FCE - Lisbon Fairs Congresses and Events / Business Association (controller of FIL - Lisbon International Fair; CCL - Lisbon Congress Center and PTMeeting Center, and a wholly owned subsidiary of the parent company, the AIP Foundation (Portuguese Industrial Association) group, works to develop a value chain that ensures the promotion of business skills of portuguese companies and, moreover, its competitiveness in the international market. The current analysis is based on information from Lisboa FCE correlated with data from sources from INE - National Institute of Statistics; AICEP Portugal Global (Portuguese Agency for Investment and Foreign Trade); AEP Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Portuguese Business Association); MNE (Ministry of Foreign Affairs); Iberinform Portugal and AUMA (German Trade Fair Industry Association). In reference, we also consider unstructured interviews with experts in the field of foreign trade consulting, in addition to the analysis of specialized bibliography. The base data used are definitive for the period from 2013 to 2017. For 2018 the results are still provisional.
Queirós, João Pedro dos Santos. "O papel dos governos subnacionais no combate às alterações climáticas, em particular o seu envolvimento com a CQNUAC." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/30777.
Full textThis paper summarises the professional career of the applicant with the aim of obtaining the degree of Master in Environmental Engineering. This career was developed mainly as a civil servant of the Scottish Government, initiallyworking on environmental impact assessment and licensing of marine renewable energy projects, and more recently in the field of climate diplomacy. The paper also discusses the role of subnational governments engaged in the fight against climate change, reviews the main defining characteristicsand obstacles to their climateaction and ambition; and suggests some solutions to further expand their role in climate change adaptation and mitigation policies. Whenever relevant, an emphasis is given to formal negotiation processes, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and other interactions with international organisations.
Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente
Jorge, Tiago Correia Pereira Baptista. "O papel da União Europeia na questão internacional que opõe o Tibete à China." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/9856.
Full textThe conflict between Tibet and China is years old and is about to last. However, Tibetan representatives have sent the European Union, its institutions and the Member States a message of request for help. Some have been more sympathetic than others. This dissertation is therefore about what the European Union can do, what its role is in this conflict. The Tibetan side has gone to the Dalai Lama, the spiritual leader, who has called for solidarity with Europe through diplomatic meetings.However, China refutes all this European solidarity and also the Tibetan accusation of illegitimate invasion of its territory with the purpose of annihilating a people and its culture. China has even threatened the European institutions and some of its Member States when they receive the Dalai Lama for diplomatic meetings in order to resolve this international issue. China argues that this is an internal issue and does not admit foreign interference. And that he has every right to occupy Tibet and govern it as he sees fit. He also argues that Tibet and its leaders want independence from their territory and not just their autonomy. It is a complex issue, involving the political game and that can be resolved through negotiations, in addition to international law and diplomacy. The Chinese regime does not respect human rights and freedom of expression, according to Western standards. They are, therefore, two distinct worlds, that of Tibet and that of China, which it is important to realize.