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Journal articles on the topic 'Papal rule'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hunt, John M. "Ritual Time and Popular Expectations of Papal Rule in Early Modern Rome." Explorations in Renaissance Culture 45, no. 1 (2019): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526963-04501003.

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The political and ritual life of early modern Rome provided its inhabitants ample opportunities not only to express grievances with papal government but also to voice expectations of newly elected pontiffs. Three ritual moments in particular—each linked as a cycle related to the pope’s reign—looked toward the future. These were the papal election, the possesso (the newly elected pontiff’s procession to San Giovanni in Laterano), and the pope’s death. As the papal election commenced in the conclave, Romans communicated their hopes for a pontiff who would adhere to a traditional moral economy by

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2

Twyman, Susan. "Papal Adventus at Rome in the Twelfth Century." Historical Research 69, no. 170 (1996): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2281.1996.tb01856.x.

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AbstractThe vitae of the 12th-century popes and other literary sources contain references to reception ceremonies performed to honour a pope arriving at Rome. For the papacy these events were a part of its imitatio imperii, a conscious imitation of the antique imperial ceremony of adventus, and an opportunity for the Romans to express their consent to papal rule. But detailed investigation reveals the hitherto unnoticed fact that these ceremonies almost invariably occurred at times of transition and upheaval such as when a papal election had been disrupted or contested, or after popular rebell

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3

McKitterick, Rosamond. "The Popes as Rulers of Rome in the Aftermath of Empire, 476–769." Studies in Church History 54 (May 14, 2018): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2017.5.

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This article explores the degree to which the rule and style of the bishops of Rome after the deposition of the last Roman emperor in the West in 476 had any imperial elements, in the light of the evidence contained within the Liber pontificalis. Papal rule in Rome was cast as a replacement of imperial rule in religious matters, an opportunity for the bishop to assume political responsibility and also a deliberate emulation of imperial behaviour. This is manifest above all in the textual record in the Liber pontificalis of the papal embellishment of Rome, and in the physical evidence of the ex

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4

Márkus, Gilbert. "Changing the Rule? A re-reading of conflict on Iona in 1204." Innes Review 75, no. 2 (2024): 75–111. https://doi.org/10.3366/inr.2024.0367.

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Two events on Iona in the early thirteenth century – a papal bull in 1203 and a raid by Irish churchmen in 1204 – have conventionally been interpreted as signalling that a formerly ‘Celtic’ monastery became Benedictine in 1203. The raid has been seen as an attempt to reverse this change because of the supposed opposition between the two traditions. This article challenges these views, arguing that (1) no inherent conflict existed between Celtic and Benedictine monasticism, (2) the 1203 papal bull did not establish a new Benedictine foundation, (3) Iona may already have been Benedictine in some

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Saienko, Anastasiia. "ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE ORDER OF THE TEMPLARS ACCORDING TO THE «REGULA PAUPERUM COMMILITONUM CHRISTI TEMPLIQUE SALOMONICI»." Journal of Ukrainian History, no. 48 (2023): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2023.48.5.

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The article is devoted to the study of the organizational structure of the Knights Templar according to the Rule of the Templars. The author aims to investigate the impact of the Rule on the structural and functional organization of the Knights Templar. The study is based on a comprehensive approach, including the analysis of primary sources (the Latin Rule (Regula Pauperum Commilitonum Christi Templique Salomonici), chronicles, papal bulls) and literature (scientific articles, monographs). The methods were used: textual analysis, socio-cultural analysis, comparative studies, historical recons

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6

Ene, Ionel. "Sfântul Benedict de Nursia. Impactul vieții și regulilor sale asupra civilizației europene de astăzi." Teologie și educație la "Dunărea de Jos" 17 (June 12, 2019): 347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/teologie.2019.15.

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St. Benedict of Nursia was organizer of Western monasticism, born in 480 in Nursia – Ombria, Italy today and passed away in 547, at Monte – Casino near Rome. Influenced by the monastic rules of St. Basil the Great and spiritual conversations of St. John Cassian, St. Benedict organized Western monasticism, requiring a specific discipline and ascetic life. Rule monks, such work is called St. Benedict of Nursia is more a treatise on life than a regulation or rule. Ninth century Benedict of Aniane reformulating Rule monks of Western monasticism shifted to the sacred, to the detriment of practice o

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7

Ocker, Christopher. "Augustine, Episcopal Interests, and the Papacy in Late Roman Africa." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 42, no. 2 (1991): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002204690000004x.

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The bishops of Roman Africa vacillated in their relations with the papacy in the three decades preceding the Vandal invasion and, more specifically, during the papacies of Innocent, Zosimus, Boniface, and Coelestine. Theyseemed grossly inconsistent, first praising papal authority, then curbing its ability to influence African jurisdiction. In synodal letters of 416 associated with the Pelagian controversy, the bishops exalted Roman authority, even ascribing to the pope a ‘greate dignity’ and a ‘special gift of grace’. An additional private letter of five African bishops contrasted the African

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8

Monticelli, Cecilia, Andrea Balbo, Carmela Vaccaro, Maria Teresa Gulinelli, and Gian Luca Garagnani. "Archaeometric study on minting dies produced under papal rule in Ferrara." Applied Physics A 113, no. 4 (2013): 1029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-7731-2.

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9

Canning, Joseph. "A State Like Any Other? The Fourteenth-Century Papal Patrimony Through The Eyes of Roman Law Jurists." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 9 (1991): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900001976.

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In the fourteenth century, and notably under Cardinal Albornoz, the papal patrimony began its uneven development into a form of early modern state. As Paolo Prodi has pointed out, these early stages, although interrupted by retrogression caused by the Great Schism, served as the foundations for the construction of the state of the Renaissance papacy. In reality, the popes exercised sovereignty in a state whose origin and nature were essentially temporal: to this extent their regnum was no different from those of secular monarchs. There was, however, a problem impeding the perception of the tru

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Coureas, Nicholas. "The Greek Church in Latin and Venetian Cyprus 1191–1570." Perspektywy Kultury 35, no. 4 (2021): 55–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/pk.2021.3504.05.

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The Greek Church faced considerable problems following the Latin Conquest of Cyprus and the establishment of the Lusignan dynasty. Much of its property was impounded by the new Latin rulers, in the 1220s its bishoprics were reduced to four, with each bishop subject to a Latin diocesan. Under the provisions of the Bulla Cypria of 1260 it accepted papal primacy and ceased to have its own archbishop following the death of Germanos. Limits were placed on the numbers of monks in Greek monasteries and the refusal of Greek monks to accept the validity of Latin unleavened communion bread resulted in t

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11

Stefaniak, Piotr. "The History of the Legislation of the Order of St Mary Magdalene of Penance in the Middle Ages: The Rule of St Sixtus." Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny 28, no. 2 (2020): 229–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52097/wpt.1968.

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Due to the activity of Canon Rudolf of Worms, monasteries of penances, self-established in Western and Central Europe, were in 1227 joined into a new order in the Church: Ordo sanctae Mariae Magdalenae de Poenitentia. Initially, the nuns followed the Benedictine rule in the Cistercian version. However, due to the specificity of the calling, it was necessary to change the law. Pope Gregory IX did this in 1232, thus giving the nuns the so-called rule of St Augustine and the constitutions of the Dominican nuns (the so-called Rule of Saint Sixtus). Although a copy of the original bull of Gregory I

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12

Nederman, Cary J. "The Puzzling Case of Christianity and Republicanism: A Comment on Black." American Political Science Review 92, no. 4 (1998): 913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2586312.

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Antony Black argues that Christian republicanism was one of the discourses at work in framing the history of Western republican thought. But he neglects to confront the theoretically unique character of the Christian approach to republican institutions. First, Christian republicanism derived from more general beliefs about the divinely ordained organic structure of the universe. Second, it evinced no necessary hostility toward monarchic rule; indeed, quite to the contrary, its cosmological premise of organic hierarchy supported the office of the king (whether papal or secular). Once these elem

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Tereshchuk, Andrey. "The Beginning of the Pontificate of Gregory XVI and the Military-Political Crisis in the Apennine Peninsula in 1831." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 1(57) (July 3, 2022): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2022-57-1-200-212.

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The article outlines the prospects for the further study of Pope Gregory XVI (Bartolomeo Alberto Capellari) (1831–1846). The paper deals with some judgments about the personality and rule of the pontiff that fit into the framework of the «black legend» about Gregory XVI. The years of 1831–1846 in the history of the Holy See remain a poorly studied period in the scientific literature. The article marks seven further areas of study devoted to Pope Gregory XVI that relate to the foreign and domestic policy of the Papal State. The study presents a brief overview of the political histor

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14

Kertzer, David I. "The lost cause: failed French ultimata and the restoration of papal rule in Rome in 1849." Journal of Modern Italian Studies 22, no. 5 (2017): 555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354571x.2017.1389519.

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15

Veach, Colin. "Henry II and the ideological foundations of Angevin rule in Ireland." Irish Historical Studies 42, no. 161 (2018): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2018.6.

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AbstractThe English invasion of Ireland is of central importance to the interconnected histories of Britain and Ireland. Yet there is still disagreement over the agency of its ultimate sponsor, King Henry II. This article argues that from the very beginning of his reign as king of England, Henry utilised a rising tide of intolerance among Europe’s clerical elite for those holding non-standard beliefs and customs to secure reluctant papal approval for an invasion of Ireland. Once that invasion finally got underway a decade and a half later, members of his court portrayed Henry’s firm rule as th

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16

Lynch, Christopher. "War and Foreign Affairs in Machiavelli'sFlorentine Histories." Review of Politics 74, no. 1 (2012): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670512000034.

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AbstractThis article argues that issues of war and foreign affairs predominate in Machiavelli'sFlorentine Histories, a work generally taken to be devoted to the internal politics of Florence. The well-known narrative of the rise and fall of Medici rule is in fact driven by a counternarrative of the rise of mercenaries such as Francesco Sforza to the point of becoming the true arbiters of Italian affairs. TheFlorentine Historieslays out the progressive disarming of Italian powers, details the rise of a corrupt system of foreign affairs dominated by mercenary arms and their attendant papal meddl

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17

Saltman, Avrom. "John of Salisbury and the world of the Old Testament." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 3 (1994): 343–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900003379.

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It is likely that during the years of his exile (1163/4-70) John of Salisbury’s attachment to the bible was strengthened at the expense of his ‘classical humanism’. A glance at the index to Brooke’s volume of the later letters of John of Salisbury does much to confirm this hypothesis. As Smalley pointed out in this context, ‘the holy page reasserted her rule over the artes’. The ancient pagan sources which bulked large in his earlier writings are submerged under a flood of biblical quotations, allusions and exempla. The main topics of these later letters arc the Becket controversy, the papal s

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18

Kamuntavičienė, Vaida. "The Founding of the Convent of the Congregation of st Catherine in Krakės in the 17th Century." Lithuanian Historical Studies 22, no. 1 (2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02201002.

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The Warmian (Ermland) Braniewo (Braunsberg) burgher Regina Protmann founded the community of St Catherine of Alexandria the Virgin Martyr in 1571, which the Holy See confirmed as a congregation in 1602. The congregation of sisters took an oath of poverty, chastity and obedience, agreeing to serve people, to care for those who were suffering, and to educate society. The ideas of the Sisters of St Catherine reached the Diocese of Samogitia in the 17th century. Its bishop, Jerzy Tyszkiewicz (Tiškevičius), founded the Krakės (Kroki) convent in 1645. Due to political, cultural and other circumstanc

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Porada, Aleksandra. "Kardynał Bessarion i jego księgozbiór." Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 60, no. 3 (2023): 297–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.834.

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Cardinal Bessarion (ca. 1400–1472), a theologian born in Trebizond and educated in Byzantium, made a career in the hierarchy of the Byzantine clergy and attracted the attention of the imperial family. He was one of the most active participants of the Council of Ferrara-Florence (1438–1439). Following the failure of the church union in Constantinople, Bessarion came to work for the papal curia in Rome. As a cardinal he used his income and contacts to help Byzantine refugees and Greeks living under the rule of the Republic of Venice, especially after the fall of Constantinople. Fearing that the

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20

Wielomski, Adam. "Republikańskie teokracje kalwińskie w Europie." Civitas. Studia z Filozofii Polityki 28 (June 21, 2021): 41–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/civ.2021.28.06.

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The illiberal democracy is the political system where majority of citizens rule, but where is not the freedom of consciousness or where the liberal dividing of power is absent. In the modern history of Europe the best example of this political system we find in the Calvinist Republics as Geneva, Emden and Netherlands. It’s not the democracy in the contemporary meaning of this word because the notion of “citizen” is aristocratic. The citizens are the members of aristocracy and patricians of towns. But in this time the citizens are the people only. This system is not liberal, because the Catholi

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21

Hostetter Smith, Rachel. "Divine Provision and the “Preternatural Imagination” of Edward Burne-Jones in the Mosaics of “The American Church” in Rome." Religion and the Arts 22, no. 1-2 (2018): 135–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-02201015.

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Abstract This essay examines the multiplicity of ways the building and decoration of the American church of St. Paul’s Within-the-Walls in Rome signaled the dawning of a “new age,” politically and spiritually, as the first Protestant church constructed within the city of Rome, initiated immediately after the city was freed from papal rule in 1870. The mosaics, designed by Pre-Raphaelite artist Edward Burne-Jones and completed with the help of his assistant Thomas Rooke in the decades that follow, present Christ, and the Church in particular, as sources of divine sustenance and verdant life in

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22

McKitterick, Rosamond. "THE PAPACY AND BYZANTIUM IN THE SEVENTH- AND EARLY EIGHTH-CENTURY SECTIONS OF THE LIBER PONTIFICALIS." Papers of the British School at Rome 84 (September 20, 2016): 241–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246216000076.

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The Liber pontificalis, the serial biography of the popes running from Saint Peter to the end of the ninth century, first compiled in Rome during the ‘Gothic Wars’ in the sixth century and continued at various stages in the next three centuries, offers a distinctive narrative of the history of Rome and of the papacy in the early Middle Ages. This paper argues that the seventh- and early eighth-century sections, too often simply mined for nuggets of information about church buildings, represent the pope in a particular way both in relation to Byzantium in theological and political terms, and as

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23

Webb, Diana M. "The Pope and the Cities: Anticlericalism and Heresy in Innocent Hi’s Italy." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 9 (1991): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900001915.

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At the moment of Innocent Ill’s accession, the papacy faced both problems and opportunities in Italy, many of them the result of the unexpected death of the Emperor Henry VI in 1197 and the subsequent abeyance of imperial rule. The new pope at once showed his determination to realize the projects of his predecessors and to secure the position of the Holy See by establishing a papal governmental structure in central Italy and, in due course, by obtaining the election of an obedient and faithful emperor. These policies had repercussions on city-state regimes which had for many years now shown th

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Guselnikov, Timur. "The Pope’s Misspeak, or on Observance of the Council Rules in Medieval Crimea." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 6 (December 2023): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.6.7.

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Introduction. In the papal bulls concerning the establishing of the bishopric of Cherson and the metropolis of Vosporo in 1333, a specific point is made on erecting these towns from the status of locus to that of civitas and metropolis, contravening their status in the hierarchy of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Methods and materials. In order to understand what had formed the legal basis for establishing the Catholic hierarchy, documents of the Constantinople Patriarchate are attracted. Analysis. The Greek archbishoprics of Cherson and Vosporo are mentioned in the lists of bishoprics of

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Pastwa, Andrzej. "The Digital Environment as a Space of the Evangelization Activity: New Dimension of the Obligations Arising from the Prescripts of can. 822 CIC." Philosophy and Canon Law 9, no. 2 (2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pacl.2023.09.2.02.

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Contemporary papal enunciations are characterized by the assertive―active and optimistic, yet risk-conscious and non-critical―ecclesial approach to the opportunities/challenges of the “digital age.” If we follow these indications, imbued with the concern for the effectiveness of the evangelizing mission in the new socio-(technological-)cultural realities/contexts, and at the same time bear in mind the rule that the Church’s legal practice must take into account the current conditions of human existence—it becomes clear that this authoritatively outlined horizon of the “signs of the times” pose

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Uruszczak, Wacław. "Następstwo tronu w Księstwie Krakowsko-Sandomierskim i Królestwie Polskim (1180-1370)." Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne 62, no. 1 (2010): 15–36. https://doi.org/10.14746/cph.2010.1.2.

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In the Kingdom of Poland, the election of a king as a successor to the throne had a long tradition dating back in the Piast dynasty. During the Piast period in Kraków, and more specifically in the Kraków-Sandomierz Duchy, also the ruling prince was elected. The first so elected Kraków ruler, called the princeps, was Kazimierz Sprawiedliwy (Casimir the Just) (1180-1194), followed by his minor son Leszek called Biały (the White). Subsequent rulers were also elected, but the election was kept within the Piast dynasty and was, as a rule, merely a confirming election. In 1291 the throne was offered

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Prazdnikov, A. G. "THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE BATTLE OF NORTHAMPTON ON JULY 10, 1460 AND THE SIEGE OF LONDON TOWER." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2017-1-64-68.

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The social history of the Wars of the Roses is still relevant, as the extent of its social influence remains a matter of debate. Determination of the personal composition of participants of the most important events of the conflict will help in solving this problem. A prosopography method provides the good opportunity to determine the involvement of representatives of different social strata. The study subject is a group of 49 people who took part in the battle of Northampton and the siege of London Tower in 1460, on the side of both Lancaster and York. The greatest part of them was lords, whi

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Graff, Tomasz. "Queen Jadwiga of Anjou’s influence on the composition of the Polish episcopate." Rocznik Filozoficzny Ignatianum 27, no. 2 (2021): 19–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/rfi.2021.2702.3.

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This article aims to present Queen Jadwiga’ actual influence on nominations for episcopal sees during her reign (1384–1386) and joint rule with Władysław Jagiełło (1386–1399). Until now, except for Krzysztof Ożóg, researchers expressed only a marginal interest in the subject. The author cites relevant views contained in all major studies on Jadwiga’s reign as well as analyses all available sources, mainly printed ones, both papal documents and chronicles, with special regard to the works of Jan Długosz. Using the induction method, the author analyses 22 nominations for episcopal sees. Contrary

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Luttrell, Anthony. "Philibert de Naillac, Master of Rhodes: 1396‒1421." Ordines Militares Colloquia Torunensia Historica 28 (December 30, 2023): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/om.2023.007.

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Philibert de Naillac belonged to the nobility of Berri. He entered the military-religious order of the Hospital and by 1374 held the Commandery of Lureil in the Priory of Auvergne; in 1390 he became Prior of Aquitaine and was due to travel to Rhodes. Apparently in 1395 he again left for Rhodes where, probably on 6 May 1396, he was elected Master. Soon after he led a Hospitaller contingent into the Black Sea and up the Danube to Nikopolis to join a crusade which on 25 September 1396 was defeated by the Turks; Naillac escaped, rescuing Sigismund of Hungary from captivity or death. Subsequently t

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Vorotyntsev, Leonid V. "The “Tatar Marriage” between the Widow and Younger Brother of Andrei Mstislavich of Chernihiv." Golden Horde Review 8, no. 4 (2020): 771–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2020-8-4.771-783.

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Research objectives: To study Russian-Horde relations in the period of formation of Russian principalities’ dependence on the Mongol Empire and the ulus of Jochi – a historical phase connected with a 1246 trip of a Russian prince and the widow of his elder brother to Batu. This elder brother, Prince Andrei, had been executed earlier by the Mongols. The aim of the work is to clarify the causes and consequences of the conflict situation that arose as a result of the refusal of Andrei of Chernihiv’s relatives to permit a marriage “according to the Tatar custom”. Research materials: Russian chroni

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Lovenjak, Milan. "Roman Tribune Cola di Rienzo (1347), Res Gestae Divi Augusti and Lex de Imperio Vespasiani." Keria: Studia Latina et Graeca 20, no. 1 (2018): 47–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/keria.20.1.47-104.

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The anonymous and fragmentarily preserved Romance-dialect Chronicle describing the history of Rome in 1325–1360, the extensive correspondence between Cola di Rienzo (1313–1354) and rulers, nobles, Church dignitaries, and intellectuals (especially Petrarch) in Italy and abroad, as well as various documentary sources allow us to trace Rienzo’s career in considerable detail. A papal notary, a scholar in Classical literature, an exceptional orator and a copyist and translator of Ancient Roman inscriptions, Rienzo, aided by a group of followers, overthrew the baron rule in Rome in May 1347, assumed

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Doe, Norman. "Robert Sanderson (1587–1663)." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 24, no. 1 (2022): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x21000752.

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Over the course of the reigns of the last two Tudors and first three Stuarts – just in excess of a century – the national established Church of England was disestablished twice and re-established twice. Following the return to Rome under Mary, Elizabeth's settlement re-established the English Church under the royal supremacy, set down church doctrine and liturgy, embarked on a reform of canon law and so consolidated an ecclesial polity which many today see as an Anglican via media between papal Rome and Calvinist Geneva. However, as a compromise, the settlement contained in itself seeds of dis

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Andrews, Frances. "‘Principium et origo ordinis’: the Humiliati and their origins." Studies in Church History 33 (1997): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400013231.

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The origins of the Humiliati have long been a subject of discussion amongst historians. In the twentieth century the first person to grapple with the problems was Antonino de Stefano, who was quickly followed by Luigi Zanoni, later by Herbert Grundmann and Ilarino da Milano, and more recently by Michele Maccarrone, Brenda Bolton, and Maria Pia Alberzoni. The modern writers have accepted de Stefano’s view that the Humiliati first emerged in northern Italy in the late twelfth century. The earliest references, dating from the 1170s, describe both a small group of lay men and women devoted to the

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KOLODNY, NIKO. "Rule Over None I: What Justifies Democracy?" Philosophy & Public Affairs 42, no. 3 (2014): 195–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papa.12035.

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Grążawski, Kazimierz. "The attitude of the Church to the notion of crusades in the times of Christianization of the Old Prussians." Masuro-⁠Warmian Bulletin 293, no. 3 (2016): 417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-135031.

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A theological-philosophical patron of crusades was St. Augustine of Hippo (354-430), one of the Fathers of Church, who in his The City of God (De Civitate Dei) assumed that the human mankind could be divided into two categories – the one constituting the civitas Dei, acting in the name of God, and civitas terrena, including disbelievers and Muslims. According to St. Augustine, the coming of Christ would put an end to the history of humanity – at that time believers would be rewarded with eternal happiness whereas disbelievers would be damned. Only when fighting in the name of God, in the defen

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Bakhmatova, M. ""Non expedit" in the politics of the Roman Catholic Church from Pius IX to Benedict XV." Russian Journal of Church History 6, no. 1 (2025): 23–38. https://doi.org/10.15829/2686-973x-2025-181.

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The article traces four stages of the transformation of the principle of "non expedit" from the moment of its official introduction by Pius IX in 1868 to its tacit "abolition" by Benedict XV in 1919. The principle of "non expedit" reflects the papal policy of the transitional period, which at first was characterized by a complete rejection of the political changes taking place on the Apennine Peninsula related to the unification of Italy under the rule of the Savoy Dynasty (March 17, 1861) and the loss of secular power by the pope after the conquest of Rome by Piedmontese troops (September 20,

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Ratajczak, Krzysztof. "Legaci apostolscy w Polsce w wiekach średnich i ich rola w przyjmowaniu partykularnego ustawodawstwa kościelnego przez Kościół polski – aspekty edukacyjne." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 26 (March 10, 2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2010.26.1.

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The official reception of the conciliar legislation in medieval Poland was greatly influenced by the papal legates, ambassadors endowed with papal authority, who brought conciliar canons to the country ruled at the time by the Piasts and made them public at councils convened with the participation of papal legates, closely monitored the observance of Canon Law and its scope expansion, concurred statutes of Polish provincial and diocesan councils, approved or rejected nominations of bishops, etc. They also acted as intermediaries in personal interventions of popes in their involvement in the fu

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KOLODNY, NIKO. "Rule Over None II: Social Equality and the Justification of Democracy." Philosophy & Public Affairs 42, no. 4 (2014): 287–336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papa.12037.

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Amato, J. G. "The Bishop’s Conscience: Pietro Camaiani, Cosimo I, and the Residency Debate at the Council of Trent, 1562–63." Religions 14, no. 5 (2023): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14050621.

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The third phase of the Council of Trent (1562–63) witnessed a crisis erupt over whether bishops resided in, and ruled, their dioceses de iure divino (by divine right) or by papal authority. Cosimo I de’ Medici, the Duke of Florence, cooperated with instructions from Pope Sixtus IV to send the Tuscan bishops to Trent, to vote as a bloc for Episcopal residency by papal authority. This position strengthened papal primacy and weakened bishops’ claims to autonomy. Pietro Camaiani, the Bishop of Fiesole and a longstanding Medici loyalist, defied the Duke’s instructions, claiming his freedom of consc

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Černušák, Tomáš. "Papal Nuncios in Prague as Part of the Imperial Court: The Significance of Integration, Sociability, and Credibility of Papal Diplomats at the Turn of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries." Journal of Early Modern Christianity 10, no. 2 (2023): 279–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jemc-2023-2048.

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Abstract Papal nuncios at the imperial court in Prague were diplomats who represented their ruler – the sovereign of the Papal States and the head of the Catholic Church. Yet they became a distinctive fixture of the imperial court in the places they served. In order for their integration into the structure of the court to be fluid, their personality traits and character had to fit the universally accepted models that applied to courtiers, namely those pertaining to social background, education, conduct, and disposition. At the same time, they had to possess a sufficient degree of sociability a

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Varezić, Nikša. "In ruguardo di buon governo et della preservatione di questo stato: Dubrovačka Republika i kužne epidemije – slučaj iz sredine 17. stoljeća." Radovi Zavoda za hrvatsku povijest Filozofskoga fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu 53, no. 1 (2021): 79–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/radovizhp.53.13.

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This paper follows the diplomatic communication of Dubrovnik Republic with papal Rome, the Kingdom of Naples, Venice and its eastern Adriatic officials, regarding the appearance of plague cases in central and southern parts of Italy, but also on the eastern coast of the Adriatic, starting from 1656 to 1660. Although the Republic was spared in that period, already in 1656 the current difficult epidemiological situation of Rome and Naples had its direct repercussions on Dubrovnik Republic. Namely, the health supervisors of the most important papal port, Ancona, whether due to extreme precautiona

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Baumgartner, Frederic J. "Creating the Rules of the Modern Papal Election." Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy 5, no. 1 (2006): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/elj.2006.5.57.

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Altić, Mirela. "From Coast to Coast: The Mapping of the Adriatic Sea by the Joint Forces of the Austro-Hungarian and Italian Hydrographic Offices." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-7-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> With the establishment of the second Austrian rule on the eastern Adriatic coast (1815), after several centuries, the Adriatic Sea was divided between two sides – Italian (Papal States and Kingdom of Two Sicilies) which ruled the western Adriatic coast, and the Austrian, which ruled the eastern coast and Lombardy-Venetia. Such division of the Adriatic Sea between the two powers in constant tension adversely affected the dynamics of mapping, and in the mid-19th century, there was a serious setback in mapping. In the 1860s, the strengthening of Ita

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Kyriacou, Chrysovalantis, and Chris Schabel. "The Saga of Abbot Germanos of St George of Mangana in Nicosia and Greek-Latin Ecclesiastical Relations on Cyprus in the Reign of Pope John XXII." Frankokratia 4, no. 1 (2023): 58–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895931-12340022.

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Abstract Based on published and hitherto unpublished papal letters, this paper reconstructs the fascinating story of Abbot Germanos of St George of Mangana, one of the wealthiest Greek monasteries in Latin-ruled Cyprus. Beginning with an updated exposition of the monastery’s Byzantine origins and Constantinopolitan ties, the paper continues with Germanos’ appeals to Pope John XXII (1316-1334) concerning the settling of a dispute between Germanos himself and a group of his monks in the 1320s. Germanos’ case thus becomes a window for exploring the motivations of historical actors in a world shap

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RENNIE, KRISTON R. "The Ceremonial Reception of Medieval Papal Legates." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 70, no. 1 (2018): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046917002792.

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This article examines the ceremonial reception of papal legates in the early Middle Ages. It offers a precise, distinctive and normative portrait of their ritualised practice well before the existence of written canonical rules and procedures. The customs, principles, gestures and symbols conditioning legatine activities in this historical era became necessary pre-conditions to political communication, interaction and exchange. Their expression and representation, it is argued, help to explain the manifestation of Roman authority in distant Christian provinces, its varied meaning to contempora

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Angelelli, Gustavo. "O Papel do “Tribunal da História” na Constituição do Direito." REVISTA PLURI 1, no. 2 (2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/rpv122019p187-198.

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A noção de rule of law (Estado de direito) é central no conceito moderno de direito e nos debates atuais em torno do direito e da legitimidade dos governos. Este artigo reflete sobre a figura do “tribunal da história” na constituição do direito e aponta para a necessidade de que a defesa do projeto substantivo do rule of law, exemplarmente encampada por David Dyzenhaus, seja acompanhada de uma filosofia crítica da história.Palavras-chave: Rule of law, Estado de direito, Tribunal da história, Filosofia crítica da história, Filosofias da história.AbstractThe notion of rule of law is central to t

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Nicol, Donald M. "The Byzantine view of Papal Sovereignty." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 9 (1991): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900001939.

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THE idea of papal sovereignty was foreign to the Byzantines. They had trouble enough trying to understand the Western interpretation of papal primacy. Papal ‘sovereignty’ was beyond them, unintelligible, unreasonable, and unhistorical. It is true that the East Roman Christians, whom for convenience we call Byzantines, did not all live in one generation. Their cultural and political roots were in Constantinople, the ancient Byzantium; and their empire endured in one form or another for 1,100 years, from the fourth to the fifteenth centuries. In so long a span their ideas naturally evolved and c

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Harvey, Isabel. "The Economic Reform of Female Monasticism in the Papal States of Clement VIII: Ideas, Actions, and Impacts." Church History 91, no. 4 (2022): 729–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640722002761.

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AbstractIn the Papal States of the end of the sixteenth century, most female monasteries were mendicant. In doing so, nuns violated many rules of the XXVth session of the Council of Trent: they obviously did not respect enclosure, but also were unable to survive only thanks to their real estate properties, as stated by the chapters 2, 3, and 16 of the De Regularibus et Monialibus decree. This financial situation of convents was addressed for the first time by Clement VIII (1592–1605), who led a broad economic reform all over his territory. How was the economic reform of convents led by Clement

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Černušák, Tomáš. "The Prague Nuncios and Their Relationship to Non-Catholics at the Turn of the 16th and 17th Centuries." Rocznik Filozoficzny Ignatianum 28, no. 1 (2022): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/rfi.2022.2801.4.

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In the second half of the sixteenth century, Emperor Rudolf II moved the imperial court to Prague, thus transforming the city into a centre of international diplomacy and the seat of representatives of various powers. Among these were permanent papal nuncios appointed to the imperial court to act on behalf of the Pope as the head of the Catholic Church and the sovereign ruler of the Papal States. During their long and continuous presence in the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia, nuncios were constantly reminded of the predominantly non-Catholic character of the city, where, moreover, one of th

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Druzhevskii, Anton Olegovich. "Unknown letters of Antonio Possevino from the collection of historian N. P. Likhachev." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 5 (May 2025): 16–23. https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2025.5.74339.

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In the article, the author analyzes unknown letters of the papal legate Antonio Possevino (1534-1611) from the collection of the historian - source scholar N.P. Likhachev (1862-1936), which were discovered by the researcher during the study of Russian-Polish documents in the Scientific and Historical Archive of the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences on January 25, 2024. Antonio Possevino met several times with Ivan the Terrible, trying to convince the ruler to convert from Orthodoxy to Catholicism, to conclude a religious union. The diplomat acted as an inte

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