Relevant bibliographies by topics / Papaya – Diseases and pests

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Academic literature on the topic 'Papaya – Diseases and pests'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Papaya – Diseases and pests"

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Swibawa, I. Gede, Franciscus Xaverius Susilo, Purnomo Purnomo, Titik Nur Aeny, Setyo Dwi Utomo, and Erwin Yuliadi. "INFESTATION OF MAJOR PESTS AND DISEASES ON VARIOUS CASSAVA CLONES IN LAMPUNG-INDONESIA." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 20, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.12013-18.

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Infestation of major pests and diseases on various cassava clones in Lampung-Indonesia. Lampung Province is one ofcassava producers in Indonesia which contributes more than 30% to the total national cassava production. However, theinfestation of pests and diseases can limit cassava production in the field. The objective of this research was to observe theinfestation level of major plant pests and diseases of cassava in Lampung. A survey was conducted in August 2016 in severallocations of cassava fields owned by farmers and experimental plots in the area of Faculty of Agriculture, University ofLampung. The results showed that cassava mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti), papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus)and red mite (Tetranychus urticae) infested at cassava clones in Lampung. The infestation of red mite tended to be higher thanthat of mealybugs. The cassava brown leaf spot disease that infested in mild to moderate severity was found on all cassavaclones, while viral disease with prevalence of 78% was only found on Duwet 1 clone in experimental plot.
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Thomas, Michael B., Jonathan H. Crane, James J. Ferguson, Howard W. Beck, and Joseph W. Noling. "Two Computer-based Diagnostic Systems for Diseases, Insect Pests, and Physiological Disorders of Citrus and Selected Tropical Fruit Crops." HortTechnology 7, no. 3 (July 1997): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.7.3.293.

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The TFRUIT·Xpert and CIT·Xpert computerbased diagnostic programs can quickly assist commercial producers, extension agents, and homeowners in the diagnosis of diseases, insect pest problems and physiological disorders. The CIT·Xpert system focuses on citrus (Citrus spp.), whereas the TFRUIT·Xpert system focuses on avocado (Persea americana Mill.), carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.), lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), mango (Mangifera indica L.), papaya (Carica papaya L.), and `Tahiti' lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.). The systems were developed in cooperation with research and extension specialists with expertise in the area of diagnosing diseases, disorders, and pest problems of citrus and tropical fruit. The systems' methodology reproduces the diagnostic reasoning process of these experts. Reviews of extension and research literature and 35-mm color slide images were completed to obtain representative information and slide images illustrative of diseases, disorders, and pest problems specific to Florida. The diagnostic programs operate under Microsoft-Windows. Full-screen color images are linked to symptoms (87 for CIT·Xpert and 167 for TFRUIT·Xpert) of diseases, disorders, and insect pest problems of citrus and tropical fruit, respectively. Users can also refer to summary documents and retrieve management information from the Univ. of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences extension publications through hypertext links. The programs are available separately on CD-ROM and each contains over 150 digital color images of symptoms.
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Novanda, Ridha, Mimi Sutrawati, and Dwi Wahyuni Ganefianti. "Analysis of the Risk of Profit Loss in Papaya Farming Affected by Yellow Mosaic Disease." Journal La Lifesci 2, no. 3 (July 8, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallalifesci.v2i3.362.

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Profit loss is a phenomenon caused by the loss of most of the harvest resulting in operating costs greater than the revenue earned. This phenomenon deserves to be analyzed the risk of losses that will be obtained due to pests and plant diseases. So that in this study an analysis of the risk of Profit loss due to yellow mosaic disease on papaya calina was carried out. This research was conducted in October 2020 in Bengkulu Province on 31 Calina Papaya farmers. The location selection was carried out purposively based on the existence of the Calina papaya garden. Meanwhile, the selection of respondents was carried out using the Snowball sampling method in several districts in Bengkulu Province. Data analysis was carried out to determine the Profit loss. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that there were differences in the benefits of papaya calina which were attacked by the Yellow Virus Mosaic and those that were not attacked by the Yellow Virus Mosaic. Profit loss for a year is Rp 9,135,203,-. This value is a big value, so farmers must handle this disease better.
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Barajas-Mendez, Kenia Nayeli, Felipe Abelardo Toscano-Verduzco, Cristian Iván Delgado-Salas, Wilberth Chan-Cupul, Juan Carlos Sánchez-Rangel, Marco Tulio Buenrostro-Nava, and Gilberto Manzo-Sánchez. "Emergence, growth and plant quality of two papaya (Carica papaya L.) genotypes inoculated with entomopathogenic fungi." Scientia Agropecuaria 13, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.037.

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The papaya (Carica papaya L.) is an economically important crop in Mexico and Latin America. The nursery phase plays a primary role in the production process, at this stage, it is susceptible to pests and diseases. The use of biofertilizers based on entomopathogenic fungi (EF) is an alternative to produce healthy and quality seedlings, through biological agriculture. The objective was to evaluate the ability of Beauveria brongniartii and Purpureocilium lilacinum to colonize tissues, promote emergence and improve the plant quality of two papaya genotypes in nursery. An experiment with factorial design A×B was established [A = papaya genotype (hybrid '“Intenzza” and var. “Maradol”) and B = inoculation of B. brongniartii (Bb), P. lilacinum (Pl) and without microorganism]. Emergence percentage (EP), Plant Height (PH), Stem Diameter (SD), Fresh Biomass (FB) and Dry Biomass (DB), endophytism, Lignification Index (LIGI) and Dickson Quality (DQI) were quantified. EP increased (6%, P = 0.0043) with Bb inoculation. Both EF increased the PH (P = 0.00001) by 0.38 (Bb) and 0.37 cm (Pl), and the ST (P = 0.00001) by 0.24 (Bb) and 0.23 mm (Pl), respectively. Aerial and root FB (P = 0.0003) increased with Bb and Pl by 0.16 and 0.1 g, and 0.17 and 0.1 g, respectively. LIGI (P = 0.0128) and QDI (P = 0.0433) were higher with Bb. Both EF colonized different plant tissues. Bb inoculation promoted seed emergence, both EF were able to colonize endophytically different organs of the plant and favored its quality.
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Thomas, M. B., H. W. Beck, J. H. Crane, J. J. Ferguson, and J. W. Noling. "A Computer-based Diagnostic System for Diseases, Disorders, and Pests of Subtropical and Tropical Fruits." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 758A—758. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.758a.

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A computer-based diagnostic system that can assist commercial producers, extension agents, and homeowners in the diagnosis of diseases, disorders, and pest damage for citrus, avocado, `Tahiti' lime, mango, carambola, lychee, and papaya was developed. The program was written in C++ and runs under MS-DOS. The system design was based on the diagnostic reasoning process of experts by identifying the location of symptoms, tree vigor, and occurrence within a grove. Full-screen color images link symptoms to possible diseases, disorders, and/or pest damage. Users can also refer to expert knowledge, graphic displays, pop-up menus, dialogue boxes, and retrieve information via hypertext from extension publications as well as current control methods. The program is available on CD-ROM, contains over 800 digital color images, and includes a glossary of terms.
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Prihatiningtyas, Ratih, Alim Setiawan S, and Nur Hadi Wijaya. "Analisis Peningkatan Kualitas pada Rantai Pasok Buah Pepaya Calina." Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi 6, no. 3 (July 18, 2016): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmo.v6i3.12609.

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<p class="Default"><em>Due to the fact that post-harvest handling of local fruits especially in Calina papaya supply chain (IPB 9) has experience problems that can affect the value of its quality appearance, quality improvement is absolutely required. The purposes of this research are 1) Identifying the key attributes of Calina papaya quality improvement based on desires of consumers and to know the level of customer satisfaction using Quality Function Deployment (QFD); 2) Analyzing the causes of Calina papaya quality problems, and 3) Analyzing strategies or ways to improve the quality of Calina papaya in Indonesia. The results of this research show that there are three main attributes of customer satisfaction; namely, the sweet taste, color of fruit meat, and texture of fruit meat. Supply chain activities that have the highest interests of rate based on analysis of QFD are the maintenance (value 521) of cultivation. There are two attributes that have mismatches of quality; bruise and pests-diseases, caused by the raw materials, management, labor, environment, machine and method. </em><em>The highest priority that can be chosen as the alternative strategy is increasing production capacity, product quality, and food safety assurance by expanding the distribution network.</em><em> </em></p><em>Keywords : Calina papaya, quality function deployment, strategy, quality</em>
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Nishimwe, Gaudence, Everlyn Musenya Okoth, and Fredah Karambu Rimberia. "Evaluation of Physicochemical, Nutritional and Sensory Quality Characteristics of New Papaya Hybrids Fruits Developed in JKUAT." Journal of Food Research 8, no. 1 (December 8, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v8n1p12.

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The world is faced with a lot of challenges including lack of sustainable development and inability to feed its growing population leading to malnutrition. The issue of accessing high quality nutritious foods such as fruits has become a major challenge for many African people. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is among the most popular fruits grown in Kenya and excellent in nutritional content. However, its potential has remained unexploited due to inadequate quality planting materials, high post- harvest losses and prevalence of pests and diseases. Researchers at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology developed promising papaya hybrids whose physicochemical, nutritional content and sensory characteristics have not been evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical, nutritional content and sensory quality characteristics of the new papaya hybrids and their control, Sunrise Solo. The physicochemical attributes evaluated included; total soluble solids, total titratable acid, pH and total soluble solid/total titrable acid ratio. While the nutritional content evaluated included (Vitamin C and &beta;-carotene content) and sensory quality characteristics were evaluated. The standard AOAC methods was used to determine nutritional content and an effective analysis with 9- point hedonic scale was used on sensory evaluation. There was significant difference (P&lt; 0.05) in nutritional content of new hybrids papaya fruits and Sunrise solo. The maximum and minimum Vitamin C content of 131.63 mg/100g and 52mg/100g were exhibited by line 6 and 8 respectively. &beta;-carotene content ranged between 1.69 and 3.39 mg/100g as exhibited by line 1 and lines 2 and 8 respectively. The findings of this study revealed that the nutritional content of the new papaya hybrids exceeded the one of Sunrise Solo while their sensory quality characteristics compared favourably to the one of Sunrise Solo. Based on these findings, lines 1, 2,5,6,7 can be recommended for commercialization.
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Macharia, Isaac, Fredrick Koome, Thomas Kosiom, Florence Munguti, Benard Mukoye, Esther Kimani, and Kimenju J. W. "Pest Incursions Pose a Serious Threat To Food Security and the Kenyan Economy." African Phytosanitary Journal 2, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52855/vakd4164.

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Although Kenya has a well-developed phytosanitary system to regulate introduction of plant and plant products, several pest incursions have been reported in the last two decades. The incursions have culminated in devastating impact on agriculture, biodiversity and the entire Kenyan economy. The objective of this review is to consolidate information on the pests involved, their distribution, estimate the economic losses associated with them and management measures in place. A total of 11 major pests and diseases namely Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Bactrocera dorsalis, Banana xanthomonas wilt (BXW), Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), Cassava mosaic disease (CMD), Fall army worm (FAW), Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND), Papaya mealybug (PMB), Parthenium hysterophorus, potato cyst nematode (PCN) and tomato leaf miners (Tuta absoluta) have been reported in the last two decades. Some of the pests are persistent, invasive, vicious and fast spreading. For instance, the FAW has now spread to nearly all maize growing areas in Kenya in one year after the pest was first reported in 2017. The incursion pests are a major threat to food security, expensive to control and are a barrier to international market access. Integrated measures including improvement of diagnostic potential, increased pest and disease surveillance, improvement in rapid response and pest containment are needed in view of the dangers posed by incursion pests to the entire Kenyan economy whose mainstay is agriculture. Key words: Bactrocera dorsalis, maize lethal necrosis disease, Parthenium hysterophorus, Tuta absoluta
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Widya, Surya Ari, and Ristani Widya Inti. "Efektivitas Produk Simplisia Pestisida Nabati Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)." Journal of Applied Plant Technology 1, no. 1 (November 24, 2022): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/japt.v1i1.31.

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The obstacles faced in increasing and stabilizing the production of pakcoy Brassica rapa L. one of them is due to pest attacks. The main pests that attack pakcoy plants are Plutella xylostella L., C. pavonana, earthworms (Agrotis ipsilon), and grayworm (Spodoptera litura). The use of pesticides can provide the only form of crop protection available Developing countries from some pesticides that have been banned from use in the European Union (EU), as they have recognized the harmful properties of such pesticides. Vegetable pesticides are effective against various destructive pests and diseases. Broadly speaking, vegetable pesticide raw materials are easy to obtain, cheap, easily accessible, quickly decompose, and have little toxicity to receiving agents. Simplisia vegetable pesticide product is a pesticide product based on soursop leaves, lemongrass, and papaya leaves. All three ingredients contain chemical compounds or extractive substances. This study used vegetable pesticide simplicia products with several concentrations to suppress the attack of pakcoy leaf-destroying pests. The research took place in the experimental garden was carried out for 4 weeks from the seeding period to harvest. Research is carried out by experimental methods. The results of this study show that vegetable pesticide simplicia is able to suppress the attack of pakcoy leaf pests with a very significant concentration found in the P2 treatment, which is 40grams per liter of water
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Octriana, Liza, and Mizu Istianto. "Efektivitas Minyak Sereh Wangi dalam Mengendalikan Kutu Putih Pepaya Paracoccus marginatus L." JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2021.17.1.15.

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One of the problems in papaya cultivation is the high attack of pests and diseases. The mealybug, P. marginatus L (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is currently found to attack papaya plants. The infestation of mealybugs greatly affects the yield and quality of fruits. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the concentration of citronella oil on mealybugs on papaya plants. The study for the observation of mortality and fecundity used a Randomized Block Design (RAK), with 4 treatment levels of citronella oil concentration, namely 0 (control), 0.5 mL/L, 1 mL/L and 2 mL/L. Observation parameters included preference level of papaya mealybugs on the aroma of citronella oil, repellency, fecundity and mortality of mealybugs, with the application of citronella oil. The results showed that citronella oil has the potential to be used to control papaya mealybugs. The application of citronella oil at concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2 mL/L showed repellent activity against mealybugs, reducing fecundity and causing mortality. The higher the concentration of citronella oil applied, the more potential to control mealybugs. However, the application of citronella oil must be considered for its impact on plants. Too high a concentration can cause toxicity to plants. Keywords: Citronella oil, mealybug, papaya ABSTRAK Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya pepaya adalah tingginya serangan hama dan penyakit. Kutu putih, P. marginatus L (Hemiptera: Pseudococidae) saat ini ditemukan banyak menyerang tanaman pepaya. Infestasi hama kutu putih sangat berpengaruh terhadap produksi dan kualitas buah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi minyak serai wangi terhadap kutu putih pada tanaman pepaya. Penelitian untuk pengamatan mortalitas dan keperidian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 4 taraf perlakuan konsentrasi minyak sereh wangi, yaitu 0 (kontrol), 0,5 mL/L, 1 mL/L dan 2 mL/L. Parameter pengamatan meliputi preferensi (tingkat kesukaan) hama kutu putih pepaya terhadap aroma minyak serai wangi, daya repelensi, keperidian, serta tingkat kematian (mortalitas) hama kutu putih dengan pemberian minyak sereh wangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak sereh wangi berpotensi digunakan untuk pengendalian hama kutu putih pepaya. Aplikasi minyak sereh wangi pada konsentrasi 0.5, 1 dan 2 mL/L menunjukkan aktivitas repelen (penolak) terhadap kutu putih, menurunkan angka keperidian dan menyebabkan kematian (mortalitas). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi minyak sereh wangi yang diaplikasikan, semakin berpotensi mengendalikan hama kutu putih. Namun, aplikasi minyak serai wangi harus diperhatikan dampaknya pada tanaman. Konsentrasi terlalu tinggi bisa menyebabkan toksisitas pada tanaman. Kata kunci: Kutu putih, minyak sereh wangi, pepaya
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Papaya – Diseases and pests"

1

Persley, Denis Michael. "Identification, epidemiology and control of Papaya ringspot virus, recently recorded in papaya (Caricus papaya) in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36937/1/36937_Persley_1997.pdf.

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Papaya (Carica papaya), originating in South America, is widely-grown throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The popularity and versatility of the fruit and commercial uses of papain obtained from papaya latex have made the crop an important component of cropping systems in many developing countries where 98% of production is centred. Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is the major limiting factor to papaya production in many countries, particularly those in South­East Asia and South America. Papaya ringspot disease was first detected in Queensland in 1991, with several commercial plantations being severely affected. Effective control of a disease requires an efficient detection system, a knowledge of disease epidemiology under local conditions and an assessment of potential control strategies. These objectives were addressed in this thesis. A Queensland isolate of PRSV-P (338 Wamuran) was purified and polyclonal antiserum produced. The antiserum was used in double-antibody sandwich and plated trapped antigen ELISA formats to detect PRSV in papaya and cucurbit samples. Although papaya sap was shown to inhibit ELISA reactions, antisera to PRSV-338 or PRSV-HA (Hawaii) provided a satisfactory screening assay for all samples tested from papaya and cucurbits. Isolates of PRSV-P and -W from the Philippines, Thailand, Hawaii and Vietnam were serologically indistinguishable in PTA-ELISA using PRSV-338 and PRSV-HA antiserum. The ability of PRSV to spread rapidly within a plantation in the absence of roguing was demonstrated at Bridgeman Downs where virus incidence increased from zero to 95% in six months in plants established adjacent to infected papayas. Despite the capacity of PRSV-P to rapidly spread within a plantation, the distribution of PRSV-P in Queensland has not substantially altered since its detection in papaya in February 1991 in south-east Queensland. Three significant outbreaks have occurred in commercial plantations since 1991 but were contained by roguing infected plants. The slow spread of PRSV-P in Queensland, in contrast to most other countries where the virus occurs, may be due to the physical separation of many plantations and the natural barriers of forest, grassland and non-susceptible crops which have restricted virus spread. Roguing has proved effective in containing local outbreaks of PRSV. The experimental host range of PRSV in Queensland was confined to Cucurbitaceae and Caricaceae. Commercially available cultivars of Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo, C. sativus, Cucurbita pepo, C. maxima and C. moschata were all highly susceptible to both PRSV-P and -W following manual inoculation. An isolate of each PRSV-W (DBI) and PRSV-P (338) also infected a proportion of inoculated plants of Benincasa hispida, Citrullus colcynthis, Lagenaria siceraria, Luffa cylindrica and Momordica charantia. When species and accessions of Cucumis and Cucurbita were screened by manual inoculation, Cucumis africanus, C. callosus C. ficifolius, C. leptodermis, C, membranifolius and C. zeyheri were determined as new experimental hosts of PRSV-P and -W. Citrullus colocynthis, Cucumis dipsaceus, C. meeusei and Cucurbita pepo var. fraterna are previously unreported hosts of Australian PRSV-P and -W. Several accessions of Cucumis metuliferus and Cucurbita foetidisima were resistant to PRSV-P (338) and -W (DBI). Isolates of PRSV-P, but not PRSV-W, infected Carica papaya, C. parviflora, C. pentagonia, (babaco) and C. goudotiana but not Carica cauliflora, C. pubescens, C. stipulata, C. quercifolia or Jacaratia spinosa. When 114 plants of the interspecific hybrid Carica papaya x C. cauliflora were inoculated with PRSV-P, 92 of the hybrid plants died, presumably due to genetic incompatibility, before virus assays could be completed. The remaining 22 plants did not develop symptoms and virus was not detected by ELISA or back- inoculation to Cucurbita pepo test plants. The natural host range of PRSV-P in Queensland was confined to Carica species and, importantly, several cucurbit species. Mosaic and mottle symptoms developed in commercial cultivars of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), squash (Cucurbita pepo) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepp var melopepo) in two field experiments planted adjacent to infected papaya plants. PRSV-P was confirmed in symptomatic cucurbits by ELISA and inoculation to young plants of Carica papaya. This appears to be the first experimental demonstration that cucurbits are natural hosts of PRSV-P and is discussed in relation to the possible origin of PRSV-P in Queensland. In a separate trial at a location where PRSV did not naturally occur, it was shown that PRSV-P could be transmitted by aphids from PRSV-P inoculated zucchini to papaya plants. In this trial, 21 of 26 papaya plants had developed typical PRSV symptoms nine weeks after transplanting. PRSV-P was not found in samples obtained from 12 common weed species growing in a plantation where PRSV-P - infected papaya plants had been present for several years. Seed transmission of PRSV-P was not detected in plants grown from seed collected from infected plants at Dayboro, Qld, the Philippines and Malaysia. Four cultivars (Red Luck, Known You No. 1, Tainung 5, Cariflora) with reputed tolerance to PRSV-P were compared with the commercial cultivar Richter Gold in a field trial where they were exposed to natural infection by PRSV-P. The period from planting to 50% of plants with symptoms was eight weeks for Richter Gold and from 15 to 22 weeks for the four tolerant cultivars. Cariflora developed the mildest leaf symptoms but had very poor fruit set. Plants of Red Luck, Known You No. I and Tainung 5 developed severe leaf symptoms. Fruit set was greatest in Red Luck and Known You No. 1 after one year's growth. Although none of the cultivars had outstanding tolerance to PRSV-P in Queensland, it was concluded that further selection could be undertaken in Red Luck and Known You No. 1 to increase tolerance levels and adaptability. Despite the very limited molecular variation detected between PRSV isolates from Queensland, considerable biological variation was detected between some PRSV-P isolates. This was particularly marked when the tolerant cultivars and Richter Gold were inoculated with either one of two isolates of PRSV-P (338 or 445) in a glasshouse. Leaf symptoms and the degree of stunting were very severe on plants inoculated with isolate 445. Comparative virus concentrations were inversely correlated with symptom severity. Absorbance values (A41onm) were significantlyhigher (P < 0.01) for both isolates in all four tolerant cultivars compared with Richter Gold and significantly less (P < 0.01) for isolate 445 in Know You No. 1, Tainung 5 and Richter Gold, all of which developed severe leaf symptoms and stunting with this isolate. The possible origins of this variation and the implications to control programs are discussed.
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Chaleeprom, Worawan Sakwong. "Genome analysis of Papaya ringspot potyvirus and a related virus." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.

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Henderson, Juliane. "Towards identification of host range determinants of Papaya ringspot virus." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.

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Lines, Rosemarie. "Development of virus resistant papaya in Australia and Vietnam." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.

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Chowpongpang, Srimek. "Development of genetically engineered resistance to Papaya ringspot potyvirus (PRSV) in Thailand." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.

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Yaku, Alexander. "Effects of intercropping sweet potato on the population density of sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (F.) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56673.

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Field experiments were conducted during the 1989 dry season (July to December) at the Manggoapi Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Cenderawasih University in Manokwari, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. The objectives of the experiments were to determine the effects of four sweet potato cropping systems on the population density of sweet potato weevils (SPW) and on the diversity of other insects within these agroecosystems.
Fewer SPW were found in intercropped sweet potato + corn (2 weevils per kg infected tubers), sweet potato + soybean (21 weevils), sweet potato + corn + soybean (8 weevils) than in monoculture sweet potato (37 weevils); percentage of damaged tubers followed the same trend, ranging from 2.6% to 14.0% in intercropped sweet potato, to 21.9% in the sweet potato monoculture. However, the higher number of SPW and damaged tubers in the monoculture did not reduce yield below that in the intercropped plots.
Insect and spider populations were more diverse in the intercropped sweet potato systems than in monoculture. Number of arthropods increased throughout the growing season. Intercropping may reduce the population density of other insect pests associated with sweet potato and may increase the population density of natural enemies.
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Terry, Alan J. "Control of pests and diseases." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505965.

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George, Adrienne. "Cataloguing Diseases and Pests in Captive Corals." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3115.

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Stony corals (Order Scleractinia) are susceptible to a variety of diseases, which can occur from abiotic or biotic factors, or a combination of both. Public aquaria provide opportunities to study coral disease. Because coral mucus is the first line of defense against disease, the Biolog EcoplateTM is a useful tool to detect differences in microbial assemblages in the surface mucopolysaccharide (mucus) layer when comparing healthy and diseased corals. Histological examination is essential to document structural changes in coral tissue in response to diseases. This study identifies and characterizes diseases in captive corals through visual recognition, characterization of carbon utilization by microbial assemblages in coral mucus samples, and histological examination. In March 2010, surveys were sent to public aquaria throughout the United States that house corals. If the survey was returned indicating that the aquarium had diseased coral specimens present, sample kits were sent to the aquarium to acquire photographs, mucus samples for microbial carbon utilization analysis, and tissue samples for histological examination. Eighteen aquaria participated in the survey and 25 sets of samples were provided. The gross lesions from diseased samples fit into six categories: discoloration associated with darkening of the tissue or with color loss (bleaching), growth anomalies, and tissue loss associated with pests, with brown jelly, or with no obvious cause. Seven categories of possible contributing factors were reported: addition of inadequately quarantined corals to the tank, damage during transport, change of location, manual stress, and variations in light, salinity, or temperature. Introduction of inadequately quarantined specimens was the most common possible contributing factor to pest introduction. Significant differences in carbon source utilization were found between tank-water samples and mucus from both healthy and diseased areas of sampled corals. Although mucus samples from healthy and diseased samples did not differ in carbon source utilization overall, D-mannitol was used by 52% of microbial assemblages from mucus from diseased areas compared with only 17% of microbial assemblages from healthy mucus samples. Histologically, the most commonly observed features across all samples were healthy zooxanthellae, endolithic organisms, and nematocysts, all of which are normal features that can be influenced by stress factors. Brown granular material and ciliates were found associated with some anomalies, primarily the three categories of tissue loss. The presence of dense aggregates of zooxanthellate-engorged ciliates in corals afflicted with brown jelly was highly similar to histological observations of brown band syndrome, previously described from natural coral reefs.
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Sharma, Navin K. "Pathogenicity of Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) Butl. on papaya in vitro." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305628.

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Denman, Sandra. "Botryosphaeria diseases of proteaceae." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52721.

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Dissertation (PhD (Agric))--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Fungi belonging to the genus Botryosphaeria are heterotrophic micromycetes that can be pathogens on woody plants. They cause serious, and in some cases devastating losses to crops through leaf necrosis, stem cankers and plant death. The Proteaceae cut-flower industry in South Africa accounts for 70% of the national cut-flower enterprise. Botryosphaeria diseases are a major impediment to production and trade of Proteaceae and there is an urgent need to investigate the etiology, epidemiology and control of these diseases. Losses of one of the most important proteas, P. magnifica, amount to 50% or more, locally. The main aims of this study were therefore to establish the etiology and aspects of epidemiology of Botryosphaeria stem cankers on P. magnifica and other Proteaceae, and to investigate methods of disease control. Although there is a vast body of information pertaining to this fungus, which was reviewed in Chapter 1, there is relatively little information available on Botryosphaeria on Proteaceae. The taxonomy of Botryosphaeria requires thorough review, and molecular techniques need to be employed to resolve species identities. In Chapter 2, it was found that Phyllachora proteae, a leaf pathogen of proteas, produced a Fusicoccum anamorph, which is described as F. proteae. A sphaeropsis-like synanamorph was associated with F. proteae and a new combination for P. proteae is proposed in Botryosphaeria, as B. proteae. The taxonomy of Botryosphaeria is in disarray at both the generic and the specific level. In Chapter 3 the taxonomic history of Botryosphaeria is reviewed, and the genus circumscribed and distinguished from other morphologically similar genera. Although several anamorph genera have been linked to Botryosphaeria, based on morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis of lTS rDNA sequence data, two anamorph genera are now recognised, those with pigmented conidia (Diplodia), and those with hyaline conidia (Fusicoccum). Botryosphaeria proteae should thus be excluded from Botryosphaeria. Several pathogenic Botryosphaeria spp. have an endophytic phase within their hosts. They are therefore imported unwittingly into other countries where they may pose a risk to agriculture and indigenous vegetation. The current global distribution of Botryosphaeria spp. associated with Proteaceae is clarified and a key to these taxa associated with Proteaceae is provided in Chapter 4. Five Botryosphaeria spp. are associated with cut-flower Proteaceae worldwide viz. B. lute a, B. obtusa, B. protearum, B. proteae and B. rib is. B. protearum is described as a new species. A thorough understanding of disease epidemiology is essential to effect a reduction of losses. In Chapter 5, I show that on P. magnifica, lesions caused by Botryosphaeria protearum, which lead to the formation of stem cankers, are initiated in the mid-rib vein or margin of leaves. Koch's postulates were satisfied and it was found that the number of lesions that developed from artificial inoculations correlated with starch levels present in leaves at the time of inoculation. In Chapter 6 it is shown that B. protearum exists as an endophyte in leaves of P. magnifica in naturally occurring as well as cultivated plants. In natural stands of proteas stem cankers are rare, but in cultivated plantations the incidence is high. Nutritional analyses indicate that higher levels of nitrogen occur in leaves of cultivated plants in spring, which could enhance disease development. High levels of sodium in the leaves of wild plants may restrict disease development. The severe economic losses caused by B. protearum make the search for improved methods of disease control essential. Fungicide applications form an important component of an integrated approach to disease management. In Chapter 7, in vitro tests demonstrate that tebuconazole, benomyl, prochloraz me, iprodione and fenarimol reduce the mycelial growth of B. protearum effectively. In the field there was a 25-85% reduction in the occurrence of stem cankers by applying fungicides or sanitation pruning. The best control was achieved by using benomyl, bitertanol, fenarimol, iprodione, prochloraz manganese chloride alternated with mancozeb and tebuconazole prophylactically. If sanitation pruning is combined with regular applications of fungicides, disease can be combated.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mikrofungi wat tot die genus Botryosphaeria behoort, is heterotrofiese organismes, wat patogenies op houtagtige plante kan wees. Hulle veroorsaak ernstige, en in sommige gevalle, verwoestende verliese, deur blaarnekrose, stamkankers en plantafsterwing. Die Proteaceae snyblom-industrie in Suid-Afrika maak 70% van die nasionale snyblomindustrie uit. Botryosphaeria siektes is 'n belangrike struikelblok in die produksie en handeldryf van Proteaceae, en daar is 'n ernstige behoefte om die etiologie, epidemiologie en beheer van siektes te ondersoek. Verliese van een van die belangrikste proteas, P. magnifica, beloop plaaslik 50% of meer. Die hoof doelstellings van hierdie studie was dus om die etiologie en epidemiologie van Botryosphaeria stamkankers op P. magnifica en ander Proteaceae vas te stel en metodes van siektebeheer te ondersoek. Hoewel daar 'n wye hoeveelheid inligting rakende die swam bestaan, wat in Hoofstuk I hersien is, is daar relatief min inligting oor Botryosphaeria op Proteaceae beskikbaar. Die taksonomie van Botryosphaeria benodig deeglike hersiening, en molekulêre tegnieke word benodig om spesie-identiteite op te klaar. In Hoofstuk 2 is gevind dat Phyllachora proteae, 'n blaarpatogeen van proteas, 'n Fusicoccum anamorf produseer, wat as F. proteae beskryf word. 'n Sphaeropsis-agtige synanamorf is met F. proteae geassosieer en 'n nuwe kombinasie vir P. proteae is as B. proteae in Botryosphaeria voorgestel. Die taksonomie van Botryosphaeria is, beide op die genus- as die spesievlak, in wanorde. In Hoofstuk 3 word die taksonomiese geskiedenis van Botryosphaeria hersien, en die genus word omskryf en van ander morfologies soortgelyke genera onderskei. Hoewel verskeie anamorf genera al met Botryosphaeria op grond van morfologiese waarnemings en filogenetiese analise van ITS rDNA volgorde data verbind is, word twee anamorf genera nou herken, dié met gepigmenteerde konidia (Diplodia), en dié met deurskynende konidia (Fusicoccum). Botryosphaeria proteae moet dus van Botryosphaeria uitgesluit word. Verskeie patogeniese Botryosphaeria spp. het 'n endofitiese fase in hul lewenssiklus. Hulle word dus onwetend in ander lande ingevoer waar hulle 'n gevaar vir landbou en inheemse plantegroei kan inhou. Die huidige wêreldverspreiding van Botryosphaeria spp. wat met Proteaceae geassosieer word is opgeklaar, en in Hoofstuk 4 word 'n sleutel tot die taksa wat met Proteaceae geassosieer word verskaf. Vyf Botryosphaeria spp. word met snyblom Proteaceae wêreldwyd geassosieer, naamlik B. lutea, B. protearum, B. proteae, B. ribis en B. obtusa. B. protearum word as 'n nuwe spesie beskryf. 'n Deeglike kennis van siekte-epidemiologie is noodsaaklik ten einde verliese te verminder. In Hoofstuk 5 dui ek aan dat letsels wat lei tot stamkankers, veroorsaak deur Botryosphaeria protearum op P. magnifica, in die hoofnerf of rant van blare ontstaan. Koch se postulate is uitgevoer en daar is vasgestel dat die aantal letsels wat vanuit kunsmatige inokulasies ontwikkel het korreleer met die styselvlakke teenwoordig in die blare ten tye van die inokulasie. In Hoofstuk 6 word getoon dat B. protearum as 'n endofiet in die blare van P. magnifica. In natuurlike standplase van proteas is stamkankers skaars, maar in verboude plantasies is die voorkoms hoog. Voedingsanalises dui aan dat hoër vlakke van stikstof in die blare van verboude plante in die lente voorkom, wat siekte-ontwikkeling moontlik kan bevorder. Hoë vlakke van natrium in die blare van natuurlike plante mag siekteontwikkeling beperk. Die ernstige ekonomiese verliese wat deur B. protearum veroorsaak word, maak die soektog na verbeterde metodes van siektebeheer noodsaaklik. Fungisiedtoedienings maak 'n belangrike deel uit van 'n geïntegreerde benadering tot siektebeheer. In Hoofstuk 7 dui in vitro toetse aan dat tebuconazole, benomyl, prochloraz me, iprodione en fenarimol die miseliumgroei van B. protearum effektief verminder. 'n Vermindering van 25-85% is aangetoon in die voorkoms van stamkankers in die veld, deur die toediening van fungisiedes en sanitasiesnoei. Die beste beheer is verkry deur die voorkomende toediening van benomyl, bitertanol, fenarimol, iprodione en prochloraz manganese chloride, afgewissel met mancozeb en tebuconazole, op plante in die veld. Indien sanitasiesnoei met gereelde toedienings van fungisiedes gekombineer word, kan die siekte bekamp word.
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Books on the topic "Papaya – Diseases and pests"

1

Landolt, P. J. Novel system for monitoring and controlling the papaya fruit fly. Washington, DC: Dept. of Agriculture, 1989.

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Andrew, Halstead, and Royal Horticultural Society (Great Britain), eds. Pests & diseases. London: Dorling Kindersley, 1997.

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Books, Time-Life, ed. Pests & Diseases. Alexandria, Va: Time-Life Books, 1995.

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Society, American Horticultural, ed. Pests and diseases. New York: Dorling Kindersley, 2000.

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Pests and diseases. [Place of publication not identified]: Aura, 1998.

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Andrew, Halstead, and Royal Horticultural Society, eds. Garden pests & diseases. London: Mitchell Beazley, 1992.

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Books, Sunset, ed. Garden pests & diseases. Menlo Park, Calif: Sunset Pub. Corp., 1993.

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Beatrice, Henricot, ed. Pests and diseases. New York: DK Publishing, 2010.

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Andrew, Halstead, ed. Garden pests and diseases. London: Mitchell Beazley, 1988.

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Gair, R. Cereal pests and diseases. 4th ed. Ipswich, [England]: Farming Press, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Papaya – Diseases and pests"

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Khan, Matiyar Rahaman, and Amalendu Ghosh. "Insect and nematode pests." In The papaya: botany, production and uses, 194–203. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241907.0194.

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Fermin, Gustavo, and Dennis Gonsalves. "Papaya." In Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Major Crops in Developing Countries, 497–518. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0791-7_20.

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Kalyanasundaram, M., and M. Mani. "Pests and Their Management on Papaya." In Trends in Horticultural Entomology, 671–88. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0343-4_22.

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Prajapati, B. K., and N. M. Gohel. "Important Diseases of Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) and Their Management." In Diseases of Horticultural Crops, 393–402. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003160397-21.

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Vawdrey, Lynton L., and Paul R. Campbell. "Diseases." In The papaya: botany, production and uses, 204–25. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241907.0204.

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Thompson, Anthony Keith, and Ibok Oduro. "Diseases and pests." In Yams: botany, production and uses, 76–90. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249279.0006.

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Abstract This chapter describes the different diseases and pests that affect yams and various methods for their control. It particularly covers the following aspects: field fungal diseases; postharvest fungal diseases; specific fungal diseases; control of fungal diseases; bacterial diseases; viral diseases; physiological disorders; insect pests; and nematode pests.
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Laksono, N. D., U. Setiawati, F. Nur, M. Rahmaningsih, Y. Anwar, H. Rusfiandi, B. P. Forster, E. H. Sembiring, A. S. Subbarao, and H. Zahara. "Pests and diseases." In Nursery practices in oil palm: a manual, 77–85. Wallingford: CABI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242140.0077.

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Tayal, Mukesh K., and T. P. S. Chauhan. "Silkworm Diseases and Pests." In Industrial Entomology, 265–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3304-9_9.

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Hunsigi, Gururaj. "Weeds, Pests and Diseases." In Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences, 144–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78133-9_8.

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Sipes, B., and A. P. de Matos. "Pests, diseases and weeds." In The pineapple: botany, production and uses, 269–94. Wallingford: CABI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786393302.0269.

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Conference papers on the topic "Papaya – Diseases and pests"

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Munkvold, Gary P. "Managing Diseases and Pests with Seed Treatments." In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-893.

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Tumang, Gina S. "Pests and Diseases Identification in Mango using MATLAB." In 2019 5th International conference on Engineering, Applied Sciences and Technology (ICEAST). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceast.2019.8802579.

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Wang, Qiyao, Guiqing He, Feng Li, and Haixi Zhang. "A novel database for plant diseases and pests classification." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Communications and Computing (ICSPCC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icspcc50002.2020.9259502.

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Patel, Pruthvi P., and Dineshkumar B. Vaghela. "Crop Diseases and Pests Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecct.2019.8869510.

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Hridoy, Rashidul Hasan, and Mosammat Rokeya Anwar Tuli. "A Deep Ensemble Approach for Recognition of Papaya Diseases using EfficientNet Models." In 2021 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Communication Technology (ICEEICT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceeict53905.2021.9667825.

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Kulikov, M. A., A. N. Kulikova, and A. V. Goncharov. "Resistance of sunflower hybrids to herbicides, diseases, pests and weeds." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-158.

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Alfarisy, Ahmad Arib, Quan Chen, and Minyi Guo. "Deep learning based classification for paddy pests & diseases recognition." In ICMAI '18: 2018 International Conference on Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3208788.3208795.

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Xiaopeng, Dai, and Li Donghui. "Research on Rice Pests and Diseases Warning Based on CBR." In 2013 Fifth International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences (ICCIS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis.2013.454.

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Zhang, Ning, Zuochang Ye, and Yan Wang. "An End-to-end System for Pests and Diseases Identification." In IVSP '20: 2020 2nd International Conference on Image, Video and Signal Processing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3388818.3389155.

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Shavanov, M. V., I. I. Shigapov, and A. Niaz. "Biological methods for pests and diseases control in agricultural plants." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OCBT2020): Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0070487.

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Reports on the topic "Papaya – Diseases and pests"

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Solomon, J. D., T. D. Leininger, A. D. Wilson, R. L. Anderson, L. C. Thompson, and F. I. McCracken. Ash pests: a guide to major insects, diseases, air pollution injury, and chemical injury. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-gtr-096.

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Solomon, J. D., T. D. Leininger, A. D. Wilson, R. L. Anderson, L. C. Thompson, and F. I. McCracken. Ash pests: a guide to major insects, diseases, air pollution injury, and chemical injury. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-gtr-96.

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Kosiba, Alexandra, Emma Tait, Gene Desideraggio, Alyx Belisle, Clarke Cooper, and James Duncan. Threats to the Urban Forest: The potential economic impacts of invasive forest pests and diseases in the Northeast. Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18125/8w9j42.

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Davis, Cristina, Amots Hetzroni, Alexander Aksenov, Michael J. Delwiche, Victoria Soroker, and Victor Alchanatis. Development of a universal volatile compound detection technology for early recognition of pests and diseases in fruit trees. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600016.bard.

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Amanor, Kojo, Joseph Yaro, Joseph Teye, and Steve Wiggin. Ghana’s Cocoa Farmers Need to Change Gear: What Policymakers Need to Know, and What They Might Do. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.008.

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Cocoa farmers in Ghana face increasing challenges. In the past, many of them could make a living from cocoa thanks to the advantages – ‘forest rents’ – that initially apply when forest is cleared to create cocoa farms: fertile soils, few pests and diseases. With time, however, weeds invade, pests and diseases build up, and trees age. To maintain production requires more labour, more inputs and more skill. In the past, farmers would often abandon older groves and seek new forest to clear. As they did so, the frontier for cocoa farming moved westwards across Ghana to the remaining high forest. But by 2000 or so, no new forest was available. Farmers now have to manage aging stands of trees, clear weeds and parasites, and combat pests, fungi and diseases. In Suhum District in the east and in Juaboso District in the far west of Ghana, we talked to farmers. They understood the challenges they faced, and knew how to deal with some of them. But many were not farming their cocoa as well as they could, losing yields and income as a result. This brief provides a basis for policymakers to move forward in responding to the current challenges facing cocoa farmers.
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Cohen, Yuval, Christopher A. Cullis, and Uri Lavi. Molecular Analyses of Soma-clonal Variation in Date Palm and Banana for Early Identification and Control of Off-types Generation. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592124.bard.

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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the major fruit tree grown in arid areas in the Middle East and North Africa. In the last century, dates were introduced to new regions including the USA. Date palms are traditionally propagated through offshoots. Expansion of modern date palm groves led to the development of Tissue Culture propagation methods that generate a large number of homogenous plants, have no seasonal effect on plant source and provide tools to fight the expansion of date pests and diseases. The disadvantage of this procedure is the occurrence of off-type trees which differ from the original cultivar. In the present project we focused on two of the most common date palm off-types: (1) trees with reduced fruit setting, in which most of the flowers turn into three-carpel parthenocarpic fruits. In a severe form, multi-carpel flowers and fruitlets (with up to six or eight carpels instead of the normal three-carpel flowers) are also formed. (2) dwarf trees, having fewer and shorter leaves, very short trunk and are not bearing fruits at their expected age, compared to the normal trees. Similar off-types occur in other crop species propagated by tissue culture, like banana (mainly dwarf plants) or oil palm (with a common 'Mantled' phenotype with reduced fruit setting and occurrence of supernumerary carpels). Some off-types can only be detected several years after planting in the fields. Therefore, efficient methods for prevention of the generation of off-types, as well as methods for their detection and early removal, are required for date palms, as well as for other tissue culture propagated crops. This research is aimed at the understanding of the mechanisms by which off-types are generated, and developing markers for their early identification. Several molecular and genomic approaches were applied. Using Methylation Sensitive AFLP and bisulfite sequencing, we detected changes in DNA methylation patterns occurring in off-types. We isolated and compared the sequence and expression of candidate genes, genes related to vegetative growth and dwarfism and genes related to flower development. While no sequence variation were detected, changes in gene expression, associated with the severity of the "fruit set" phenotype were detected in two genes - PdDEF (Ortholog of rice SPW1, and AP3 B type MADS box gene), and PdDIF (a defensin gene, highly homologous to the oil palm gene EGAD). We applied transcriptomic analyses, using high throughput sequencing, to identify genes differentially expressed in the "palm heart" (the apical meristem and the region of embryonic leaves) of dwarf vs. normal trees. Among the differentially expressed genes we identified genes related to hormonal biosynthesis, perception and regulation, genes related to cell expansion, and genes related to DNA methylation. Using Representation Difference Analyses, we detected changes in the genomes of off-type trees, mainly chloroplast-derived sequences that were incorporated in the nuclear genome and sequences of transposable elements. Sequences previously identified as differing between normal and off-type trees of oil palms or banana, successfully identified variation among date palm off-types, suggesting that these represent highly labile regions of monocot genomes. The data indicate that the date palm genome, similarly to genomes of other monocot crops as oil palm and banana, is quite unstable when cells pass through a cycle of tissue culture and regeneration. Changes in DNA sequences, translocation of DNA fragments and alteration of methylation patterns occur. Consequently, patterns of gene expression are changed, resulting in abnormal phenotypes. The data can be useful for future development of tools for early identification of off-type as well as for better understanding the phenomenon of somaclonal variation during propagation in vitro.
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A 40-Year Retrospective of APHIS, 1972–2012. United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7204068.aphis.

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Since APHIS was formed in 1972, it has evolved into a multi-faceted Agency with responsibilities that include protecting and promoting U.S. agricultural health from foreign pests and diseases, regulating genetically engineered organisms, administering the Animal Welfare Act, and carrying out wildlife damage management activities. It has been 15 years since APHIS compiled a history of its mission and activities. This year, 2012, marks both the 40th anniversary of the Agency and the 150th anniversary of USDA, providing a unique opportunity to put that history in context. This retrospective briefly examines the history of animal and plant health regulation within USDA, assesses APHIS' development over four decades, includes biographies of the Agency’s Administrators, and provides snapshots of some of the milestone issues and events that define the Agency’s history and its accomplishments.
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Plant Protection and Quarantine: Helping U.S. Agriculture Thrive--Across the Country and Around the World, 2016 Annual Report. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7207241.aphis.

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For Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) and our partners, 2016 was a year of remarkable successes. Not only did we eradicate 10 fruit fly outbreaks, but we also achieved 4 years with zero detections of pink bollworm, moving us one step closer to eradicating this pest from all commercial cotton-growing areas of the continental United States. And when the U.S. corn industry faced the first-ever detection of bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas vasicular pv vasculorum), we devised a practical and scientific approach to manage the disease and protect valuable export markets. Our most significant domestic accomplishment this year, however, was achieving one of our agency’s top 10 goals: eliminating the European grapevine moth (EGVM) from the United States. On the world stage, PPQ helped U.S. agriculture thrive in the global market-place. We worked closely with our international trading partners to develop and promote science-based standards, helping to create a safe, fair, and predictable agricultural trade system that minimizes the spread of invasive plant pests and diseases. We reached critical plant health agreements and resolved plant health barriers to trade, which sustained and expanded U.S. export markets valued at more than $4 billion. And, we helped U.S. producers meet foreign market access requirements and certified the health of more than 650,000 exports, securing economic opportunities for U.S. products abroad. These successes underscore how PPQ is working every day to keep U.S. agriculture healthy and profitable.
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Safeguarding through science: Center for Plant Health Science and Technology 2008 Accomplishments. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7296842.aphis.

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The Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST) was designed and developed to support the regulatory decisions and operations of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) program through methods development work, scientific investigation, analyses, and technology—all in an effort to safeguard U.S. agriculture and natural resources. This 2008 CPHST Annual Report is intended to offer an in-depth look at the status of its programs and the progress it has made toward the Center’s long-term strategic goals. One of CPHST’s most significant efforts in 2008 was to initiate efforts to improve the Center’s organizational transparency and overall responsiveness to the needs of its stakeholders. As a result of its focus in this area, CPHST is now developing a new workflow process that allows the customers to easily request and monitor projects and ensures that the highest priority projects are funded for successful delivery. This new system will allow CPHST to more dynamically identify the needs of the agency, more effectively allocate and utilize resources, and provide its customers timely information regarding a project’s status. Thus far, while still very much a work in progress, this new process is proving to be successful, and will continue to advance and expand the service to its customers and staff. The considerable and growing concern of homeland security and the management of critical issues drives CPHST to lead the methods development of science-based systems for prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. CPHST is recognized nationally and internationally for its leadership in scientific developments to battle plant pests and diseases.
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