Journal articles: 'Papaya – Diseases and pests'

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Swibawa, I. Gede, Franciscus Xaverius Susilo, Purnomo Purnomo, Titik Nur Aeny, Setyo Dwi Utomo, and Erwin Yuliadi. "INFESTATION OF MAJOR PESTS AND DISEASES ON VARIOUS CASSAVA CLONES IN LAMPUNG-INDONESIA." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 20, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.12013-18.

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Infestation of major pests and diseases on various cassava clones in Lampung-Indonesia. Lampung Province is one ofcassava producers in Indonesia which contributes more than 30% to the total national cassava production. However, theinfestation of pests and diseases can limit cassava production in the field. The objective of this research was to observe theinfestation level of major plant pests and diseases of cassava in Lampung. A survey was conducted in August 2016 in severallocations of cassava fields owned by farmers and experimental plots in the area of Faculty of Agriculture, University ofLampung. The results showed that cassava mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti), papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus)and red mite (Tetranychus urticae) infested at cassava clones in Lampung. The infestation of red mite tended to be higher thanthat of mealybugs. The cassava brown leaf spot disease that infested in mild to moderate severity was found on all cassavaclones, while viral disease with prevalence of 78% was only found on Duwet 1 clone in experimental plot.

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Thomas, Michael B., Jonathan H. Crane, James J. Ferguson, Howard W. Beck, and Joseph W. Noling. "Two Computer-based Diagnostic Systems for Diseases, Insect Pests, and Physiological Disorders of Citrus and Selected Tropical Fruit Crops." HortTechnology 7, no. 3 (July 1997): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.7.3.293.

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The TFRUIT·Xpert and CIT·Xpert computerbased diagnostic programs can quickly assist commercial producers, extension agents, and homeowners in the diagnosis of diseases, insect pest problems and physiological disorders. The CIT·Xpert system focuses on citrus (Citrus spp.), whereas the TFRUIT·Xpert system focuses on avocado (Persea americana Mill.), carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.), lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), mango (Mangifera indica L.), papaya (Carica papaya L.), and `Tahiti' lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.). The systems were developed in cooperation with research and extension specialists with expertise in the area of diagnosing diseases, disorders, and pest problems of citrus and tropical fruit. The systems' methodology reproduces the diagnostic reasoning process of these experts. Reviews of extension and research literature and 35-mm color slide images were completed to obtain representative information and slide images illustrative of diseases, disorders, and pest problems specific to Florida. The diagnostic programs operate under Microsoft-Windows. Full-screen color images are linked to symptoms (87 for CIT·Xpert and 167 for TFRUIT·Xpert) of diseases, disorders, and insect pest problems of citrus and tropical fruit, respectively. Users can also refer to summary documents and retrieve management information from the Univ. of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences extension publications through hypertext links. The programs are available separately on CD-ROM and each contains over 150 digital color images of symptoms.

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Novanda, Ridha, Mimi Sutrawati, and Dwi Wahyuni Ganefianti. "Analysis of the Risk of Profit Loss in Papaya Farming Affected by Yellow Mosaic Disease." Journal La Lifesci 2, no. 3 (July 8, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallalifesci.v2i3.362.

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Profit loss is a phenomenon caused by the loss of most of the harvest resulting in operating costs greater than the revenue earned. This phenomenon deserves to be analyzed the risk of losses that will be obtained due to pests and plant diseases. So that in this study an analysis of the risk of Profit loss due to yellow mosaic disease on papaya calina was carried out. This research was conducted in October 2020 in Bengkulu Province on 31 Calina Papaya farmers. The location selection was carried out purposively based on the existence of the Calina papaya garden. Meanwhile, the selection of respondents was carried out using the Snowball sampling method in several districts in Bengkulu Province. Data analysis was carried out to determine the Profit loss. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that there were differences in the benefits of papaya calina which were attacked by the Yellow Virus Mosaic and those that were not attacked by the Yellow Virus Mosaic. Profit loss for a year is Rp 9,135,203,-. This value is a big value, so farmers must handle this disease better.

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Barajas-Mendez, Kenia Nayeli, Felipe Abelardo Toscano-Verduzco, Cristian Iván Delgado-Salas, Wilberth Chan-Cupul, Juan Carlos Sánchez-Rangel, Marco Tulio Buenrostro-Nava, and Gilberto Manzo-Sánchez. "Emergence, growth and plant quality of two papaya (Carica papaya L.) genotypes inoculated with entomopathogenic fungi." Scientia Agropecuaria 13, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.037.

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The papaya (Carica papaya L.) is an economically important crop in Mexico and Latin America. The nursery phase plays a primary role in the production process, at this stage, it is susceptible to pests and diseases. The use of biofertilizers based on entomopathogenic fungi (EF) is an alternative to produce healthy and quality seedlings, through biological agriculture. The objective was to evaluate the ability of Beauveria brongniartii and Purpureocilium lilacinum to colonize tissues, promote emergence and improve the plant quality of two papaya genotypes in nursery. An experiment with factorial design A×B was established [A = papaya genotype (hybrid '“Intenzza” and var. “Maradol”) and B = inoculation of B. brongniartii (Bb), P. lilacinum (Pl) and without microorganism]. Emergence percentage (EP), Plant Height (PH), Stem Diameter (SD), Fresh Biomass (FB) and Dry Biomass (DB), endophytism, Lignification Index (LIGI) and Dickson Quality (DQI) were quantified. EP increased (6%, P = 0.0043) with Bb inoculation. Both EF increased the PH (P = 0.00001) by 0.38 (Bb) and 0.37 cm (Pl), and the ST (P = 0.00001) by 0.24 (Bb) and 0.23 mm (Pl), respectively. Aerial and root FB (P = 0.0003) increased with Bb and Pl by 0.16 and 0.1 g, and 0.17 and 0.1 g, respectively. LIGI (P = 0.0128) and QDI (P = 0.0433) were higher with Bb. Both EF colonized different plant tissues. Bb inoculation promoted seed emergence, both EF were able to colonize endophytically different organs of the plant and favored its quality.

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Thomas, M. B., H. W. Beck, J. H. Crane, J. J. Ferguson, and J. W. Noling. "A Computer-based Diagnostic System for Diseases, Disorders, and Pests of Subtropical and Tropical Fruits." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 758A—758. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.758a.

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A computer-based diagnostic system that can assist commercial producers, extension agents, and homeowners in the diagnosis of diseases, disorders, and pest damage for citrus, avocado, `Tahiti' lime, mango, carambola, lychee, and papaya was developed. The program was written in C++ and runs under MS-DOS. The system design was based on the diagnostic reasoning process of experts by identifying the location of symptoms, tree vigor, and occurrence within a grove. Full-screen color images link symptoms to possible diseases, disorders, and/or pest damage. Users can also refer to expert knowledge, graphic displays, pop-up menus, dialogue boxes, and retrieve information via hypertext from extension publications as well as current control methods. The program is available on CD-ROM, contains over 800 digital color images, and includes a glossary of terms.

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Prihatiningtyas, Ratih, Alim Setiawan S, and Nur Hadi Wijaya. "Analisis Peningkatan Kualitas pada Rantai Pasok Buah Pepaya Calina." Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi 6, no. 3 (July 18, 2016): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmo.v6i3.12609.

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Due to the fact that post-harvest handling of local fruits especially in Calina papaya supply chain (IPB 9) has experience problems that can affect the value of its quality appearance, quality improvement is absolutely required. The purposes of this research are 1) Identifying the key attributes of Calina papaya quality improvement based on desires of consumers and to know the level of customer satisfaction using Quality Function Deployment (QFD); 2) Analyzing the causes of Calina papaya quality problems, and 3) Analyzing strategies or ways to improve the quality of Calina papaya in Indonesia. The results of this research show that there are three main attributes of customer satisfaction; namely, the sweet taste, color of fruit meat, and texture of fruit meat. Supply chain activities that have the highest interests of rate based on analysis of QFD are the maintenance (value 521) of cultivation. There are two attributes that have mismatches of quality; bruise and pests-diseases, caused by the raw materials, management, labor, environment, machine and method. The highest priority that can be chosen as the alternative strategy is increasing production capacity, product quality, and food safety assurance by expanding the distribution network. Keywords : Calina papaya, quality function deployment, strategy, quality

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Nishimwe, Gaudence, Everlyn Musenya Okoth, and Fredah Karambu Rimberia. "Evaluation of Physicochemical, Nutritional and Sensory Quality Characteristics of New Papaya Hybrids Fruits Developed in JKUAT." Journal of Food Research 8, no. 1 (December 8, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v8n1p12.

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The world is faced with a lot of challenges including lack of sustainable development and inability to feed its growing population leading to malnutrition. The issue of accessing high quality nutritious foods such as fruits has become a major challenge for many African people. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is among the most popular fruits grown in Kenya and excellent in nutritional content. However, its potential has remained unexploited due to inadequate quality planting materials, high post- harvest losses and prevalence of pests and diseases. Researchers at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology developed promising papaya hybrids whose physicochemical, nutritional content and sensory characteristics have not been evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical, nutritional content and sensory quality characteristics of the new papaya hybrids and their control, Sunrise Solo. The physicochemical attributes evaluated included; total soluble solids, total titratable acid, pH and total soluble solid/total titrable acid ratio. While the nutritional content evaluated included (Vitamin C and β-carotene content) and sensory quality characteristics were evaluated. The standard AOAC methods was used to determine nutritional content and an effective analysis with 9- point hedonic scale was used on sensory evaluation. There was significant difference (P< 0.05) in nutritional content of new hybrids papaya fruits and Sunrise solo. The maximum and minimum Vitamin C content of 131.63 mg/100g and 52mg/100g were exhibited by line 6 and 8 respectively. β-carotene content ranged between 1.69 and 3.39 mg/100g as exhibited by line 1 and lines 2 and 8 respectively. The findings of this study revealed that the nutritional content of the new papaya hybrids exceeded the one of Sunrise Solo while their sensory quality characteristics compared favourably to the one of Sunrise Solo. Based on these findings, lines 1, 2,5,6,7 can be recommended for commercialization.

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Macharia, Isaac, Fredrick Koome, Thomas Kosiom, Florence Munguti, Benard Mukoye, Esther Kimani, and Kimenju J. W. "Pest Incursions Pose a Serious Threat To Food Security and the Kenyan Economy." African Phytosanitary Journal 2, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52855/vakd4164.

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Although Kenya has a well-developed phytosanitary system to regulate introduction of plant and plant products, several pest incursions have been reported in the last two decades. The incursions have culminated in devastating impact on agriculture, biodiversity and the entire Kenyan economy. The objective of this review is to consolidate information on the pests involved, their distribution, estimate the economic losses associated with them and management measures in place. A total of 11 major pests and diseases namely Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Bactrocera dorsalis, Banana xanthomonas wilt (BXW), Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), Cassava mosaic disease (CMD), Fall army worm (FAW), Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND), Papaya mealybug (PMB), Parthenium hysterophorus, potato cyst nematode (PCN) and tomato leaf miners (Tuta absoluta) have been reported in the last two decades. Some of the pests are persistent, invasive, vicious and fast spreading. For instance, the FAW has now spread to nearly all maize growing areas in Kenya in one year after the pest was first reported in 2017. The incursion pests are a major threat to food security, expensive to control and are a barrier to international market access. Integrated measures including improvement of diagnostic potential, increased pest and disease surveillance, improvement in rapid response and pest containment are needed in view of the dangers posed by incursion pests to the entire Kenyan economy whose mainstay is agriculture. Key words: Bactrocera dorsalis, maize lethal necrosis disease, Parthenium hysterophorus, Tuta absoluta

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Widya, Surya Ari, and Ristani Widya Inti. "Efektivitas Produk Simplisia Pestisida Nabati Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)." Journal of Applied Plant Technology 1, no. 1 (November 24, 2022): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/japt.v1i1.31.

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The obstacles faced in increasing and stabilizing the production of pakcoy Brassica rapa L. one of them is due to pest attacks. The main pests that attack pakcoy plants are Plutella xylostella L., C. pavonana, earthworms (Agrotis ipsilon), and grayworm (Spodoptera litura). The use of pesticides can provide the only form of crop protection available Developing countries from some pesticides that have been banned from use in the European Union (EU), as they have recognized the harmful properties of such pesticides. Vegetable pesticides are effective against various destructive pests and diseases. Broadly speaking, vegetable pesticide raw materials are easy to obtain, cheap, easily accessible, quickly decompose, and have little toxicity to receiving agents. Simplisia vegetable pesticide product is a pesticide product based on soursop leaves, lemongrass, and papaya leaves. All three ingredients contain chemical compounds or extractive substances. This study used vegetable pesticide simplicia products with several concentrations to suppress the attack of pakcoy leaf-destroying pests. The research took place in the experimental garden was carried out for 4 weeks from the seeding period to harvest. Research is carried out by experimental methods. The results of this study show that vegetable pesticide simplicia is able to suppress the attack of pakcoy leaf pests with a very significant concentration found in the P2 treatment, which is 40grams per liter of water

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Octriana, Liza, and Mizu Istianto. "Efektivitas Minyak Sereh Wangi dalam Mengendalikan Kutu Putih Pepaya Paracoccus marginatus L." JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2021.17.1.15.

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One of the problems in papaya cultivation is the high attack of pests and diseases. The mealybug, P. marginatus L (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is currently found to attack papaya plants. The infestation of mealybugs greatly affects the yield and quality of fruits. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the concentration of citronella oil on mealybugs on papaya plants. The study for the observation of mortality and fecundity used a Randomized Block Design (RAK), with 4 treatment levels of citronella oil concentration, namely 0 (control), 0.5 mL/L, 1 mL/L and 2 mL/L. Observation parameters included preference level of papaya mealybugs on the aroma of citronella oil, repellency, fecundity and mortality of mealybugs, with the application of citronella oil. The results showed that citronella oil has the potential to be used to control papaya mealybugs. The application of citronella oil at concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2 mL/L showed repellent activity against mealybugs, reducing fecundity and causing mortality. The higher the concentration of citronella oil applied, the more potential to control mealybugs. However, the application of citronella oil must be considered for its impact on plants. Too high a concentration can cause toxicity to plants. Keywords: Citronella oil, mealybug, papaya ABSTRAK Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya pepaya adalah tingginya serangan hama dan penyakit. Kutu putih, P. marginatus L (Hemiptera: Pseudococidae) saat ini ditemukan banyak menyerang tanaman pepaya. Infestasi hama kutu putih sangat berpengaruh terhadap produksi dan kualitas buah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi minyak serai wangi terhadap kutu putih pada tanaman pepaya. Penelitian untuk pengamatan mortalitas dan keperidian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan 4 taraf perlakuan konsentrasi minyak sereh wangi, yaitu 0 (kontrol), 0,5 mL/L, 1 mL/L dan 2 mL/L. Parameter pengamatan meliputi preferensi (tingkat kesukaan) hama kutu putih pepaya terhadap aroma minyak serai wangi, daya repelensi, keperidian, serta tingkat kematian (mortalitas) hama kutu putih dengan pemberian minyak sereh wangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak sereh wangi berpotensi digunakan untuk pengendalian hama kutu putih pepaya. Aplikasi minyak sereh wangi pada konsentrasi 0.5, 1 dan 2 mL/L menunjukkan aktivitas repelen (penolak) terhadap kutu putih, menurunkan angka keperidian dan menyebabkan kematian (mortalitas). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi minyak sereh wangi yang diaplikasikan, semakin berpotensi mengendalikan hama kutu putih. Namun, aplikasi minyak serai wangi harus diperhatikan dampaknya pada tanaman. Konsentrasi terlalu tinggi bisa menyebabkan toksisitas pada tanaman. Kata kunci: Kutu putih, minyak sereh wangi, pepaya

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Alfaro-Valle, Elizabeth, Aída Martínez-Hernández, Gabriel Otero-Colina, and Joel Lara-Reyna. "High susceptibility of Tetranychus merganser (Acari: Tetranychidae), an emergent pest of the tropical crop Carica papaya, towards Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. and Beauveria bassiana strains." PeerJ 10 (October 24, 2022): e14064. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14064.

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Background The mite Tetranychus merganser is considered to be an emerging pest of various crops in tropical countries. It is one of the most detrimental pests in the papaya orchards of some regions of México. The current field control of Tetranychus spp. involves the extensive use of chemicals that have some degree of toxicity to humans or the environment and may cause selective resistance. The use of biological alternatives such as parasitoids and mite predators have limited effectiveness. In order to find effective but non-toxic alternatives for mite pest management, bio-products that are able to be mass produced and applied to large production areas have been sought, including the entomopathogen fungi. B. bassiana and M. anisopliae s.l. are the fungi most extensively used for the biological control of insect pests. Although they do not cause natural epizootic diseases in mites, there are reports that show that they infect T. urticae, and should be evaluated for use in the biological control of papaya’s mite pests. Methods A T. merganser colony was established and the susceptibility of adult females to 30 entomopathogenic fungi strains was evaluated under laboratory conditions with an in vitro mass screening bioassay. Ten strains of Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.), eleven of Beauveria bassiana, nine of Lecanicillium sp. and one of Hirsutella thompsonii var. sinematosa were tested. The infectivity of adult females was evaluated calculating the percentage of mortality. To calculate the LC50 and LT50 of the most virulent strains, a bioassay was performed using serial concentrations (1×104–1×108 conidia/mL) for each strain. Strains showing ability to infect eggs laid were evaluated with a novel egg-infectivity bioassay. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the more lethal strains were sequenced. Results T. merganser and T. urticae were found in orchards of Carica papaya (Maradol variety and Tainung hybrid) in Campeche, México. All tested strains of M. anisopliae s.l. and B. bassiana were infectious to the adult female of T. merganser at a concentration of 1×108 conidia/mL. Six strains of M. anisopliae (Ma002, Ma003, Ma004, Ma005, Ma014 and Ma034) caused 100% mortality, and one of B. bassiana (Bb016) caused 95% mortality. The most virulent was Ma034, with an LC50 of 1.73×106 conidia/mL followed by Ma005 and Ma003. Ma005 and Ma034 were the fastest strains to reach LT50,achieving this in less than 3.7 days. Additionally, Ma034 and Ma014 strains were infectious to more than 70% of the eggs. Conclusions T. merganser and T. urticae are present in the papaya orchards of Campeche, México. The high susceptibility of T. merganser adult females and eggs toward several M. anisopliae s.l. or B. bassiana strains suggests that these fungi are a viable alternative to control this emergent pest. The most virulent strain, Ma034, was also infective to eggs, and is the most promising to be tested in the field.

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Hadiyanti, Nugraheni, Rasyadan Taufiq Probojati, and Ryan Edy Saputra. "Aplikasi Pestisida Nabati untuk Pengendalian Hama pada Tanaman Bawang Merah dalam Sistem Pertanian Organik." JATIMAS : Jurnal Pertanian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/jatimas.v1i2.2096.

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Vegetable pesticides are one of the agricultural inputs that are supportive of organic farming systems. Plants that have characteristics such as taste, smell, secondary metabolites can use as vegetable pesticides. Plants commonly used for vegetable pesticides include papaya, soursop, tobacco. The advantages of vegetable pesticides are cheap materials, simple processing, chemical-free, and environmentally friendly. The mortality rate of pests, diseases, and weeds by spraying botanical pesticides varies depending on the type of plant material, the life phase of the pest/disease/weed, and environmental conditions. This counseling and training activity, spearheaded by the Community Service Team of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kadiri University, collaborates with the local village government. This activity aims to socialize vegetable pesticides to control shallot pests in Ngumpul Village, Nganjuk Regency. The applications of organic farming systems using vegetable pesticides in the cultivation of shallots will increase yields and healthy products. Fulfilling the need for organic fertilizers and vegetable pesticides does not depend on the outside because the farmers are independent in producing them. In the future, vegetable pesticide products, in particular, can be a new opportunity to support the economy of farmers and society in general.Pestisida nabati merupakan salah satu input pertanian yang sangat mendukung dalam sistem pertanian organik. Tumbuhan yang mempunyai ciri khas baik rasa, bau, senyawa metabolit sekunder dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pembuatan pestisida nabati. Tumbuh-tumbuhan yang biasa digunakan untuk bahan pembuatan pestisida nabati, antara lain pepaya, sirsak, tembakau. Kelebihan pestisida nabati adalah bahan murah, sederhana pengolahannya, bebas bahan kimia dan ramah lingkungan. Tingkat kematian hama, penyakit maupun gulma dengan penyemprotan pestisida nabati bervariasi tergantung dari jenis bahan tumbuhan, fase hidup hama/penyakit/gulma maupun kondisi lingkungan. Kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan pembuatan pestisida nabati ini diinisiasi oleh Tim Pengabdian Masyarakat Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Kadiri bekerjasama dengan Pemerintah Desa setempat. Kegiatan ini bertujuan mensosialisasikan pestisida nabati dari daun papaya untuk mengendalikan hama pada tanaman bawang merah di Desa Ngumpul, Kecamatan Bagor, Kabupaten Nganjuk. Penerapan sistem pertanian organik menggunakan pestisida nabati dalam budidaya tanaman bawang merah dapat meningkatkan hasil dan produk yang sehat. Pemenuhan kebutuhan pupuk organik maupun pestisida nabati tidak bergantung dari luar karena kemandirian petani dalam memproduksinya. Kedepannya produk pestisida nabati dapat menjadi peluang baru dalam menunjang perekonomian petani maupun masyarakat pada umumnya.

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Frieyadie, Frieyadie. "SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (SLR): DISEASE DETECTION IN MELONS USING DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING." Jurnal Riset Informatika 3, no. 1 (May 8, 2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34288/jri.v3i1.178.

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Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is a technique used in this study which is used to study techniques for identifying leaf diseases using digital images as a basis for obtaining an understanding of disease identification techniques in melon leaves with digital images. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency for the last 3 years from 2017-2019, melon production has increased considerably. Melon production data in 2017 was 92.43 tons, in 2018 was 118,708 and in 2019, overall melon production was 122,105 tons collected from 34 provinces in Indonesia. The problem that is often encountered in melon cultivation is the presence of plant pests that can harm and not maximize the yields of farmers. Several viruses cause mosaic disease that infects Cucurbitaceae plants, namely Cucumber aphid borne yellows virus (CABYV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). Information technology has now developed to be able to manage digital image data to identify problems faced by farmers. Several classification methods that can be used to answer problems include SVM, Artificial Neural Network, Decision Tree, Convolutional Neural Network.

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Gyawali, Pramod, Saugat Khanal, and Jhalak Raj Joshi. "Crop Protection Practices in Traditional Agriculture in mid-hills of Western Nepal: A Case of Palpa and Gulmi District." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 9, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v9i2.36305.

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A field survey was conducted in two districts of western hills of Nepal during July-August, 2020 to study about the practices of traditional methods of horticultural crop disease management. A total of 125 farmers, 10 traders, 5 agro-vets, and 3 plant clinical doctors from four local bodies of two districts; Palpa and Gulmi, were selected for the interviews which employed a pretested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Almost half of the farmers interviewed (48%) were found to have an average level of knowledge regarding the application of indigenous methods. Mixture of kerosene and ash, mugwort solution, plant residues, bovine dung and urine, chilli powder, papaya leaves, onion mixed with garlic, etc. were popular as traditional techniques to effective control of disease and pest. Scaling technique used in this study showed the lack of indigenous information as the most serious constraint in adoption of traditional means, followed by lack of advertisement, poor social perception of farmers, and weak cooperation among social and agricultural scientists. The study recommended that documentation and scientific validation of indigenous means and support from government and extension agents are necessary to encourage farmers using traditional means. This study examines traditional diseases/pests control strategies implemented by the ancients and presently adopted in ongoing practices. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(2): 138-151.

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Suliartini, Ni Wayan Sri, Ahmad Zamroni Alpin, Muslim Ashari, Dewi Rizki Amalia, Usi Alfionita, Firda Widya Sari, I. Gusti Ayu Eka Aryatresna, et al. "Pelatihan Pembuatan Pestisida Nabati Berbahan Dasar Daun Gamal dan Daun Pepaya Sebagai Inovasi Berkelanjutan dan Ramah Lingkungan Terhadap Pengendalian Hama Tanaman Budidaya." Jurnal Gema Ngabdi 4, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jgn.v4i3.273.

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The climate in Saribaye Village makes it possible to cultivate various types of plants, both food crops and horticultural crops. Problems that are often encountered in plant cultivation are pest attacks that damage crops, especially horticultural crops in the yard. The use of chemical pesticides is the mainstay of farmers in overcoming pests and diseases. On the other hand, the use of chemical pesticides threatens environmental health. One of the solutions offered is the use of plant-based pesticides that are environmentally friendly, inexpensive and easy to manufacture. Various types of plants that grow in the Saribaye Village environment have the potential to be used as raw materials for botanical pesticides. Farmers in Saribaye Village do not have the ability to independently make botanical pesticides. Therefore, training in the manufacture of botanical pesticides was a crucial thing that must be done. The training aims to improve farmers' skills in making botanical pesticides as alternative pesticides using the basic ingredients of gamal leaves and papaya leaves. The activity will be held from 22 to 23 July 2022, located in Saribaye Village. The training was attended by the Women Farmers Group (KWT) and the head of the Saribaye Village youth and youth who were interested in developing horticultural crops in their yards. This activity is carried out through lecture methods and direct demonstrations. The results of the training showed an increase in the ability of participants to make botanical pesticides and a fairly high level of participant participation.

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Villanueva-Jiménez, J. A., F. Osorio-Acosta, E. Hernández-Castro, D. Téliz-Ortiz, C. Avila‑Reséndiz, M. Abato-Zárate, N. Reyes-Pérez, et al. "Integrated management of papaya pests in Veracruz: Papaya ringspot virus, papaya mealybug and mites." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1250 (September 2019): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2019.1250.10.

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Martins, D. S., M. J. Fornazier, M. P. Culik, J. A. Ventura, P. S. F. Ferreira, and J. C. Zanuncio. "Scale Insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) Pests of Papaya (Carica papaya) in Brazil." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 108, no. 1 (December 30, 2014): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/sau010.

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Permadi, Muhammad Agung, Rafiqah Amanda Lubis, Syawaludin Syawaludin, and Nova Suryani Pasaribu. "UTILIZATION OF PAPAYA LEAVES (Carica papaya L.) TO CONTROL ONION PEST SPODOPTERA EXIGUA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)LEPIDOPTERA (NOCTUIDAE)." BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan) 7, no. 1 (July 13, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v7i1.2856.

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Spodoptera exigua is a migrant pest that attacks onions simultaneously in groups. The utilization of papaya leaves to control pests due to papaya leaves have toxic compounds that can kill pests. This study aims to measure the ability of papaya leaves to control S. exigua larvae. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) experimental method with two treatment factors. The first factor was papaya leaf concentration (0 g / l, 30 g / l, 70 g / l, 100 g / l, 120 g / l), and the second factor is a mixture of kerosene. The treatment was repeated three times. The study was conducted at the Agrotechnology Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty Muhammadiyah University, South Tapanuli. The results showed that papaya leaves could kill S. exigua larvae. The highest mortality of S. exigua worms There were statistically significant non-treatments among treatments.

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Panggabean, Syahira Khairina. "PAPAYA LEAF POWDER EXTRACT (Carica papaya L.) TO CONTROL THE WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) ON RED CHILI PLANTS (Capsicum annum L.)." Agritech: Jurnal Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto 24, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/agritech.v24i1.13282.

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Bemisia tabaci Genn. is a pest of red chili plants. Bemisia tabaci Genn pest control is usually carried out using synthetic chemical insecticides, but inappropriate use will have a negative impact on the environment, so another alternative that is safer and more environmentally friendly is the use of insecticide papaya leaf powder extract. This study aimed to obtain a concentration of papaya leaf powder extract (Carica papaya L.) which is effective in controlling whitefly pests (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) on red chili (Capsicum annum L.). The research was at the Experimental Garden and Plant Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University from Juni to August 2021. The experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications so that 24 experimental units were obtained. The concentration of papaya leaf powder extract used as treatment was 0 g.l-1 water, 20 g.l-1 water, 40 g.l-1 water, 60 g.l-1 water, 80 g.l-1 water, dan 100 g.l-1 water. The results showed that the concentration of papaya leaf powder extract 60 g.l-1 water was an effective concentration in controlling B. tabaci pests because it was able to mortality B. tabaci pests by 85% with an initial time of death of 5.25 hours after application and a lethal time of 50 at 18.75 hours after application.Keywords: Bemisia tabaci Genn., Carica papaya L, and Capsicum annum L

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Lamichhane, Pawan. "REVIEW ARTICLE ON THE MANAGEMENT OF MOST PREVALENT INSECT PEST OF PAPAYA." Malaysian Business Management Journal 1, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/mbmj.01.2022.11.13.

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The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink, is a tiny hemipteran that feeds on a wide range of plants, including economically important tropical fruits and ornamentals. Among the different pests in papaya, Papaya mealy bug is one of the chief pest attacking papaya. The papaya mealy bug was first discovered in Manatee and Palm Beach counties in Florida in 1998, and it soon spread throughout the state. This paper delves into the detail review of information about the papaya mealy bug and it’s nature of damage, biological cycle and management strategies

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Megchún-García, Juan Valente, María del Refugio Castañeda Chávez, Daniel Arturo Rodríguez-Lagunes, Jacel Adame-García, Joaquín Murguía-González, Fabiola Lango- Reynoso, and Otto Raúl Leyva-Ovalle. "USE OF THIAMETHOXAM, ASSOCIATED WITH INSECT POPULATIONS IN PAPAYA (Carica Papaya Linnaeus) CULTIVATION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 428–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i1.2018.1650.

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Papaya crops areas present phytosanitary problems since neonicotinoid pesticides are currently applied without efficient control methods. It is necessary to study insects behavior associated with this type of crop in response to the use of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam. In order to know the efficiency of this insecticide, different doses were evaluated for the control of the type of insects referred to below. The study area was the locality of Mata Tambor in Cotaxtla, Veracruz, Mexico. Where a plot of papaya "Maradol" of 2,778 plants ha-1 was established, applying different doses of thiamethoxam during the process: T1) 0 kg/ha; T2) 0.3 kg/ha; T3) 0.4 kg/ha; and T4) 0.6 kg/ha. The variables were: insect population, gross mortality rate and the identification of pests that cause damage to the crop. No significant statistical differences were found in insect populations when applying those different doses. The mortality rate 16 days after applying thiamethoxam was higher in T3 at a dose of 0.4 kg/ha, this response is attributed to the fact that the insecticide achieved a residual effect on the culture. The use of T2 with a dose of 0.3 kg/ha in the crop became effective in pest control, generating a gross mortality rate of 241 individuals. Papaya cultivation can be associated with pests such as Bemisia tabaci, Myzus persicae, Frankliniella occidentalis and Toxotrypana curvicuada, which are the main vectors of virus in the culture.

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Sunarti, Riri Novita. "Efektivitas Perasan Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Terhadap Kutu Daun (Aphid sp.) Pada Perkebunan Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) di Daerah Pagar Alam Sumatera Selatan." Jurnal Biota 5, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/biota.v5i2.2661.

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AbstractPagaralam is one of the tomato suppliers for the South Sumatera region. Tomatoes are often attacked by pests such as aphids. Aphids fleas (Aphid sp.) are one of the main pests besides that aphids are important vectors that can transmit viral disease. The use of chemical insecticides can damage agricultural land for the use of vegetable insecticide alternatives. Alkoloid, Flavoid, Saponin, and Tanin contained in papaya leaves (Carica papaya) can be used as a plant aphid insecticide. The sample in this study was a 2 month old tomato plant with 20 aphids in each tree. Treatment was given to 5 treatment with 5 replications. This treatment by giving different concentrations of papaya leaf solution in the crop of 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%. To determine the effectiveness of papaya leaf solution (Carica papaya) as a vegetable insecticide aphid done spraying as much as 100 ml once spray with contact time observation 12 hours and 48 hours. The results showed that the application of papaya leaf juice was effective in killing aphids, so that high concentrations that gave greater precentage of aphids deaths ranged from 24 hours showed F count > and F table and received at level 1% means that papaya leaf juice was very influential on aphids death. Then the results of cofactor coefficient (KK) 24 hours and 48 hours were 10% and 4%, before using The Smallest Significant Difference Test (BNT) to see the effect of each concentration. BNT Test pre view, each concentration was very significant which had a different effect on the death of ticks to analyze probit LC50 to determine the effective concentration of killing 50% of the samples at 39,81%. This is related to every usage given such as concentration and monitoring time. Keywords: Papaya Leaf (Carica papaya); Papaya Leaf Solution Concentration; Fleas (Aphid sp.)

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Salsabilla, Vinka, Sudarjat Sudarjat, and Yani Maharani. "Effectiveness of Neem Seed Extract Formulation (Azadirachta Indica) and Bitung (Barringtonia asiatica) against Mealybug Papaya (Paracoccus marginatus) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)." CROPSAVER - Journal of Plant Protection 5, no. 1 (July 6, 2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/cropsaver.v5i1.39803.

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The papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) Williams & Granara de Wilink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a main pest of papaya plants. Attacks by these pests can cause plants failed to produce the fruit and even to death. The usual control technique used by farmers is the use of synthetic pesticides that have a negative impact on human health and the environment. The alternative to control using botanical insecticides is a good solution to control the population of P. marginatus. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of neem seed oil formulation and bitung to know which treatments with concentrations are most effective in reducing the population density of papaya mealybug pests. The experiment took place in Rejasari Village, Langensari Subdistrict, Banjar City, West Java, from March 2021 to July 2021. Experiment using the Randomized Block Design consisted of ten treatments with three replications. The results were obtained that a formulation of bitung 3% could suppress the densities of papaya mealybug ( P. marginatus) populations at 65%. The average weight of the resulting papaya contained a 3% formulation of bitung found at 9.8 kg/tree. botanical pesticides of bitung oil 3% can be used instead of synthetic pesticides to control the population of P.marginatus.

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Ahmad, Tibrizi, Zikri M. Fauzy, Yoshia, T. S. Utami, R. Arbianti, and H. Hermansyah. "Production of bio-insecticide from extracted carica papaya using NADES solvent with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186703007.

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Bioinsecticide is a kind of organic pesticides that are easily degraded in nature and their residues are relatively unobstrusive to the plants and surrounding environment. The raw material of bioinsecticide production can be derived from the abundant plant wastes and has a cysteine protease compound that can damage the tissue and digestive system in plant pests, namely papaya waste. The content of cysteine protease in papaya waste in mostly in papaya skin that can be extracted using Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) by varying sonication time and solid-to-liquid ratio with NADES solvent. Those variations will be comparaed using the enzyme activity test and the evication test. The results indicated that NADES solvent proved to be efficient solvents for extraction of papaya because papaya contains alkaloid that can be extracted by NADES with ChCl-oxalid acid is the type of NADES solvent.

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Miller, W. R., and R. E. McDonald. "Quality of `Solo' Papaya after Irradiation Treatment and Ripening." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 457c—457. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.457c.

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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) imported into the United States must be certified free of infestation by unwanted pests. Irradiation has been suggested as a potential quarantine treatment for papaya. A study was conducted to characterize fruit quality and condition at two stages of maturity and exposure to irradiation treatment. `Solo' papaya grown in Belize was transported in refrigerated sea van containers to Florida. Fruit showing no yellow color or one-quarter yellow color were irradiated at 0.6 kGy, held at 25 °C until ripe, and evaluated for quality and condition attributes. Green peel papaya treated with irradiation developed peel injury and had uneven ripening of pulp tissue following storage. Development of peel or pulp color was not affected by irradiation. Fruit should show one-quarter yellow peel color to avoid irradiation-induced peel damage. Irradiation may be a viable quarantine treatment for papaya that can be applied to fruit at the source of offshore production or on arrival at a facility in the United States.

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Koswanudin, Dodin, Adi Basukriadi, I. Made Samudra, and Rosichon Ubaidillah. "Host preference fruit flies Bactrocera carambolae (Drew & Hancock) and Bactrocera dorsalis (Drew and Hancock) (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 15, no. 1 (October 10, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.15.1.40.

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Host plant preference amongst several fruit species was studied for two fruit fly species i.e. Bactrocera carambolae (Drew & Hancock) and Bactrocera dorsalis (Drew & Hancock), which both belong to B. dorsalis species complex. Both fruit fly species are known to be polyphagous and cause significant economic losses as pests of fruit crops. The aim of this research was to assess the host range of these major pests in Indonesia. The research was conducted at the Entomology Laboratory and Insect Specimen Collection Laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agriculture Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia from June 2011 to March 2012. Comparative host preference for both species was studied with regard to malaya varieties of star fruit (Averrhoa carambolae), manalagi varieties of mango (Mangifera indica), guava aka water apple (Psidium guajava), citra water guava (Eugenia aquae), jamaica bol guava (Eugenia malaccenensis), and california papaya (Carica papaya). Our results suggest the strongest preference for malaya star fruit by B. carambolae followed by manalagi mango; and for california papaya followed by manalagi mango by B. dorsalis. The study also found that welahan variety star fruit is least preferred by both species of fruit fly.

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Raman, K. V. "SURVEY OF DISEASES AND PESTS IN AFRICA: PESTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 213 (September 1987): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.213.15.

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Heitefuss, Rudolf. "Wheat Diseases and Pests." Journal of Phytopathology 159, no. 4 (October 5, 2010): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01750.x.

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Veronika, Suci Ramadhani, and Ida Maratul Khamidah. "Expert System for Diagnosis Papaya Plant Disease with Backward Chaining and Dempster Shafer." TEPIAN 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51967/tepian.v3i2.767.

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Papaya plant (Carica papaya L.) it is one of leading commodities in East Kalimantan. Papaya is widely cultivated in Samarinda, Balikpapan, and Samboja. However, farmers are often faced with the problem of papaya plant diseases that can damage and inhibit the growth of papaya plants and fruit. To solve this problem, an expert system was created to diagnose diseases in papaya plants. This expert system was created using two methods, namely Backward Chaining Reasoning and to determine the level of certainty in the diagnosis of papaya plant diseases, the Dempster Shafer method was used. The excepted result of making this expert system is to build an expert system application that can diagnose web-based diseases in papaya plants so that it can make it easier for farmers to consult and get the right solution to overcome various disease problems that attack papaya plants.

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Afifah, Lutfi, Nurcahyo Widyodaru Saputro, and Ultach Enri. "Sosisalisasi Penggunaan Beauveria Bassiana dan Pestisida Nabati untuk Mengendalikan Hama pada Sayuran Hidroponik." Agrokreatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 8, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.8.1.12-21.

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Vegetable cultivation using a hydroponic system in a green house is growing rapidly in the Ciampel area, Karawang Regency. One of the problems faced by hydroponic vegetable farmers is the attack of leaf-eating pests. The control of pests that attack vegetables has been using chemical pesticides which will pollute the environment and be harmful to human health. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide knowledge and skills in the use of biological agents for the fungus Beauveria bassiana and vegetable pesticides made from papaya leaf extract to control pests on hydroponic vegetables. This activity was carried out in September-November 2020 which was attended by the Women Farmers Group (KWT) in Mulyasari Village, Ciampel, Karawang. Activities are carried out in a structured and gradual manner starting from planning, site surveys, problem identification, technical guidance, mentoring, monitoring, and evaluation. Assistance to farmers has been carried out in approximately three months online and offline together with students from the Faculty of Agriculture, Singaperbangsa Karawang University. The results of the activity showed an increase in understanding about the dangers of using chemical pesticides on vegetables and the importance of pest control based on Biointensive Integrated Pest Management (IPM-Biointensive) using biological agents and botanical pesticides. In addition, the participants who took part in this activity were skilled at producing the biological agent Beauveria bassiana and vegetable pesticides with active papaya leaf juice. Farmers become more skilled at monitoring pests in the green house/field to monitor the presence or absence of pests in their crops. In addition, farmers have become more skilled in mass propagation of B. bassiana biological agents and vegetable pesticides. Mass propagation technique of B. bassiana uses alternative media, namely from feed corn.

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Collier, Karin F. S., Jose O. G. de Lima, and Gilberto S. Albuquerque. "Predacious mites in papaya (Carica papaya L.) orchards: in search of a biological control agent of phytophagous mite pests." Neotropical Entomology 33, no. 6 (December 2004): 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-566x2004000600020.

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Singh, S. K., P. K. Jha, and P. K. Ray. "PAPAYA DISEASES IN BIHAR: AN OVERVIEW." Acta Horticulturae, no. 851 (January 2010): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.851.74.

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Verghese, A., C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy, and H. R. Anil Kumar. "PESTS OF PAPAYA AND THEIR MANAGEMENT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO APHID VECTORS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 740 (March 2007): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.740.31.

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Jaleel, Waqar, Xiaobing Tao, Desen Wang, Lihua Lu, and Yurong He. "Using Two-Sex Life Table Traits to Assess the Fruit Preference and Fitness of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 111, no. 6 (August 20, 2018): 2936–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy243.

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Abstract Bactrocera flies are economic pests of agricultural crops all over the world. Among Bactrocera flies, oriental fruit fly is an economically important pest of fruit crops in the world. Basic studies of Bactrocera flies are very important and helpful to the development of integrated management strategies. However, basic studies regarding behavior and age-stage, two-sex life table traits for this pest, which are vital for designing effective control methods, are currently lacking. Considering the importance of B. dorsalis, this study aimed to evaluate the fruit preference and age-stage, two-sex life table traits of B. dorsalis on guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), and banana (Musa acuminata) fruits in the laboratory. In choice and no-choice tests, the number of visits and oviposition punctures made by female B. dorsalis flies were significantly higher on guava than those on papaya and banana. The life cycle from eggs to male (146.95 ± 3.43 d) and female (164.94 ± 3.85 d) adults was significantly longer on papaya than those on banana and guava. Bactrocera dorsalis females produced significantly more eggs when fed on guava (623.30 eggs female−1) than on papaya (527.80 eggs female−1) or banana (399.60 eggs female−1). Guava was the more suitable fruit for B. dorsalis, and could be used as a bait fruit to manage the B. dorsalis during the fruiting season of papaya and banana.

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Manikome, Nonice, and Morina Handayani. "Effectiveness Test of Soursop Leaf Extract and Papaya Leaf Extract Combination Against Spodoptera litura on Chili Plants in Tobelo City." Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan 13, no. 2 (December 3, 2020): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.13.2.253-259.

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In terms of control, various natural chemical compounds derived from plants can be used. Like papaya and soursop leaves, the formulation of the problem is whether the combination of soursop leaf extract and papaya leaf extract is effective in controlling S. litura pests and what is the most effective extract concentration. This study used a completely randomized design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. Observation variables included symptoms, morphological changes and mortality, the results were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) 5% test. The initial symptoms that were seen one day after application of the combination were morphological changes in the test larvae. Such as damage to the body of the larva, change in color, then the larva's body shrinks, when touched the larvae easily fall. The highest mortality was found at the extract concentration of 20% with a mortality rate of 64.79% on the second day. The results showed that the high mortality rate was closely related to the high toxicity contained in the 20% extract concentration. It was concluded that the results of the effectiveness test of the combination of papaya leaf extract and soursop leaf extract were effective. Suggestions for the use of natural materials that are easily available can be used as an alternative to control pests that are environmentally friendly. Furthermore, it is suggested that if you want to increase mortality, you can try increasing the extract concentration.

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Rodrigues, Juliana Pereira, Caroline Corrêa de Souza Coelho, Antonio Gomes Soares, and Otniel Freitas-Silva. "Current technologies to control fungal diseases in postharvest papaya (Carica papaya L.)." Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 36 (September 2021): 102128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102128.

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Martins, David dos S., Mark P. Culik, and Vera R. dos S. Wolff. "New record of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) as pests of papaya in Brazil." Neotropical Entomology 33, no. 5 (October 2004): 653–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-566x2004000500018.

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Gibb, K. S. "Phytoplasmas Associated with Papaya Diseases in Australia." Plant Disease 80, no. 2 (1996): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-80-0174.

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Rawal, R. D. "FUNGAL DISEASES OF PAPAYA AND THEIR MANAGEMENT." Acta Horticulturae, no. 851 (January 2010): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.851.68.

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40

Cabrera Mederos, Dariel, Humberto Debat, Carolina Torres, Orelvis Portal, Margarita Jaramillo Zapata, Verónica Trucco, Ceferino Flores, et al. "An Unwanted Association: The Threat to Papaya Crops by a Novel Potexvirus in Northwest Argentina." Viruses 14, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 2297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102297.

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An emerging virus isolated from papaya (Carica papaya) crops in northwestern (NW) Argentina was sequenced and characterized using next-generation sequencing. The resulting genome is 6667-nt long and encodes five open reading frames in an arrangement typical of other potexviruses. This virus appears to be a novel member within the genus Potexvirus. Blast analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and coat protein (CP) genes showed the highest amino acid sequence identity (67% and 71%, respectively) with pitaya virus X. Based on nucleotide sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis, the name papaya virus X is proposed for this newly characterized potexvirus that was mechanically transmitted to papaya plants causing chlorotic patches and severe mosaic symptoms. Papaya virus X (PapVX) was found only in the NW region of Argentina. This prevalence could be associated with a recent emergence or adaptation of this virus to papaya in NW Argentina.

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Pramayudi, N., D. Bakti, M. C. Tobing, and Husni. "The attack intensity of Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on papaya." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 951, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012033.

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Abstract The mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus is one of the important insect pests in papaya (Carica papaya L.). The high potential for damage caused by this pest poses a threat to the production of papaya in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intensity of P. marginatus attack on papaya by observing variables such as plant varieties, planting seasons and cultivation methods. The area of observation plots was about 2.000 m2. The cultivation technique applied was monoculture with a spacing of 2.5 m x 2.5 m. Thirty plots of plants were collected from each plot of plants using diagonal sampling technique. The total number of leaves and the number of leaves attacked were recorded. Damage intensity was determined based on the category: no attack (score 0), mild 1-25% (score 1), moderate 26-50% (score 2), severe 51-75% (score 3), and very severe 76-100% (score 4). The attack intensity was higher in the dry season than rainy season. The results show that attack was higher in the dry season that rainy season. The intensity of the attack was also higher in Thai varieties both in the rainy and dry seasons. More intensive pest control shall be applied in the dry season and in the introduced varieties.

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Hadi, Sapto Nugroho, Okti Herliana, and Ida Widiyawati. "Penerapan Teknologi Budidaya Pepaya Calina Menggunakan Bibit Unggul dan Sistem Pertanaman Intensif di Lahan Tegalan Desa Patemon, Purbalingga, Jawa Tengah." LOGISTA - Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/logista.2.2.1-8.2018.

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ABSTRAK: Lahan tegalan di Desa Patemon belum dimanfaatkan optimal. Sebagian warga membudidayakan pepaya calina di lahan tegalan namun tingkat produksi buah pepaya yang dihasilkan masih rendah. Keterbatasan bibit pepaya unggul dan penerapan teknologi budidaya yang kurang optimal menjadi penyebab utama. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan teknologi budidaya pepaya calina menggunakan bibit unggul dan sistem pertanaman intensif di Desa Patemon, Kecamatan Bojongsari, Kabupaten Purbalingga, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Kegiatan ini melibatkan khalayak sasaran, yaitu Kelompok Tani “Warakan”. Metode yang digunakan adalah 1). Kegiatan transfer pengetahuan dan teknologi mengenai budidaya pepaya calina menggunakan bibit unggul dan sistem pertanaman intensif, 2). Pembuatan demonstrasi dan plot (demplot) pepaya seluas 1400 m2, dan 3). Pelatihan pembuatan pestisida nabati. Hasil yang diperoleh: 1). Petani mendapatkan pengetahuan dan pengalaman budidaya pepaya calina menggunakan bibit unggul dan sistem pertanaman intensif , 2). Demplot budidaya 200 bibit pepaya calina seluas 1400 m2 sebagai percontohan bagi para petani, 3). Petani mendapat pengetahuan dan keterampilan membuat pestisida nabati untuk mengendalikan hama tanaman pepaya, 4). Tanaman pepaya yang dibudidayakan berbunga dan berbuah lebih cepat, serta memiliki tinggi lebih pendek dibanding tanaman pepaya yang sudah dibudidayakan petani sebelumnya.Kata kunci: Pepaya calina, Kelompok Tani Warakan, Desa Patemon ABSTRACT: Tegalan land in Patemon Village has not been optimally utilized. Some residents cultivated papaya in Tegalan land but the production rate of papaya fruit is lower than target. This activity is aimed to apply calina papaya cultivation technology using superior seed and intensive cultivation system in Patemon Village, Bojongsari District, Purbalingga Regency, Central Java Province. This activity involves the target audience, the "Warakan" Farmer Group. The method used 1). Transfer of knowledge and technology on papaya cultivation using superior seed and intensive cultivation system, 2). Demonstration and plot (demplot) of papaya on 1400 m2 tegalan land, and 3). Biopesticide formulation training. Results obtained: 1). Farmers gained knowledge and experience of papaya cultivation using superior seeds and intensive cultivation system, 2). Cultivation of 200 papaya on 1400 m2 tegalan land as a model for farmers, 3). Farmers gained knowledge and skills to make plant-based pesticides to control papaya pests, 4). flowering and fruiting of cultivated papaya faster, and have a shorter height than papaya have been cultivated farmers before. Keywords: Calina papaya, Warakan, Patemon village

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SINGH, SANDEEP, RESHMI SEKHAR, and SUNIL JOSE K. "Predatory spider fauna in fruit crops of Punjab, India along with new records." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 9 (October 28, 2020): 1695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i9.106598.

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Spiders are important predatory organisms in the orchards. Keeping in view their role in the natural biological control, the present studies were conducted from May 2012 to October 2019 in orchards belonging to 21 fruit crops, viz. apple (Malus sp.), amla (Phyllanthus emblica), citrus (Citrus spp.), banana (Musa spp.), ber (Zizyphus mauritiana), fig (Ficus carica), grapes (Vitis vinifera), guava (Psidium guajava), jamun (Syzygium cumini), litchi (Litchi chinensis), loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), mango (Mangifera indica), olive (Olea europaea), papaya (Carica papaya), peach (Prunus persica), pear (Pyrus communis), plum (Prunus domestica), pomegranate (Punica granatum), phalsa (Grewia asiatica), rasbhari (Physalis peruviana) and sapota (Manilkara zapota) in 13 districts of the Punjab, India, with an objective to record the prevalence of different families of spider fauna. The study revealed the presence of several predatory spiders involved in controlling various insect-pests of fruit crops. The 43 species of spiders belonging to 23 genera and 13 families were recorded during the study. Families like Salticidae, Araneidae and Oxyopidae exhibited more diversity. Salticidae family showed maximum diversity. High genetic diversity was found in Salticidae, Araneidae, Oxyopidae and Tetragnathidae. Study highlights the importance of protecting natural predators in controlling the insect pests in orchards. Epeus flavobilineatus Doleschall, Epocilla calcarata (Karsch) (Family: Salticidae); Gasteracantha cancriformis (Linnaeus) and Neoscona punctigera (Doleschall) (Family Araneidae) are new species records for India.

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Bukhonova, Yu V., and N. G. Mikhina. "Monitoring pests and diseases of linen." Защита и карантин растений, no. 5 (2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47528/1026-8634_2022_5_25.

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Bukhonova, Yu V., and N. G. Mikhina. "Monitoring of legume pests and diseases." Защита и карантин растений, no. 3 (2022): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47528/1026-8634_2022_3_22.

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Heitefuss, Rudolf. "Compendium of Hop Diseases and Pests." Journal of Phytopathology 158, no. 5 (May 2010): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01617.x.

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Heitefuss, Rudolf. "Compendium of Beet Diseases and Pests." Journal of Phytopathology 158, no. 5 (May 2010): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01626.x.

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Kidd, Hamish, and Len Copping. "BCPC Conference 2000 - Pests and Diseases." Pesticide Outlook 12, no. 1 (2001): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b100807m.

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Choi, Won Il, and Young-Seuk Park. "Management of Forest Pests and Diseases." Forests 13, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111765.

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The occurrence patterns of forest insect pests and diseases have been altered by global events such as climate change. Recent developments in improved monitoring methods and tools for data analyses provide new opportunities to understand the causes and consequences of such changes. Using a variety of management tools, forest pest management programs can mitigate the influence of global changes on forest health. The goal of this Special Issue is to improve our understanding of the root causes of changes that have induced global changes. Fifteen papers are included in this Special Issue, covering several issues in forest pest management. One paper reviews the causes of Korean oak wilt, and another paper discusses fourteen invasive tree pests in Russia. The remaining thirteen papers cover issues related to the monitoring and management of forest pests. These studies provide a better understanding of the causes of change in the patterns of forest pests under the influence of global changes. These reviews also contribute to the development of forest-pest-management strategies to mitigate such impacts on forests due to global changes.

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Bukhonova, Yu V., and N. G. Mikhina. "Monitoring of potato pests and diseases." Защита и карантин растений, no. 11 (2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47528/1026-8634_2022_11_20.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Papaya – Diseases and pests'

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