Relevant bibliographies by topics / Papaya seed

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Papaya seed'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Papaya seed"

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Hasanah, Waqiatul, and Dr Dra Sukarjati M.Kes. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BIJI PEPAYA (Carica Papaya L.) DAN EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss)DAN CAMPURAN EKSTRAK BIJI PEPAYA DAN EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA TERHADAP KUALITAS SPERMATZOA MENCIT (Mus Musculus)." WAHANA 67, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/wahana.v67i2.503.

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Seeds of papaya (Carica Papaya L.) and leaves of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is an herbal plant. In papaya seeds contain of alkaloids, Papain, tannins, saponins, Triterpenoid, Flavonoids. On the part of Neem leaves contain tannins, Saponins, Triterpenoid, Flavonoids. These compounds are compounds that function as antifertility for men. This has led the authors to conduct research on the effect of seed extract of papaya (Carica Papaya L.) and the leaf extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on the quality of spermatozoa of mice (Mus muscullus). The Samples were as many as 21 mice sperm tails with a weight of 20-30 grams, 2-3 months old. Mice divided in the 3 groups, each group was divided 7 treatments. The treatment given is control, papaya seed extract, neem leaf extract and a combination of both papaya seed extract and neem leaves with a concentration of 0 mg/kg bw, 50 mg/kg bw and 100 mg/kg bw 50:50 mg/kg bw, 100: 100 mg/kg bw. 35 days for extract. On day 37 mice in surgery for cauda epididymis were taken for observation of the quality of spermatozoa of mice. This study was an experimental study using randomized block design (RAK). The Observation of the quality of spermatozoa includes motility, viability, and morphology of spermatozoa concentration by using a microscope. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) One Way. The results of this study showed that there is effect of papaya seed extract and neem leaf extract and a combination of both papaya seed extract and neem leaf on motility (P <0.05), viability (P <0.05), morphology (P <0.05) and sperm concentration (P <0.05). The results of this study concluded that neem leaf extract at a concentration of 100 mg/kg bw is the optimal treatment in reducing the viability of spermatozoa of mice. Extracts combination of papaya seeds and leaves of neem with a concentration of 100 mg/kg bw is the optimal treatment in reducing the motility and concentration of spermatozoa of mice. Papaya seed extract at a concentration of 100 mg/kg bw optimal in reducing the number of normal sperm in mice. Keywords: papaya seed extract (Carica Papaya L.), Neem Leaf Extract (Azadiracta indica A. Juss), the quality of spermatozoa of mice (Mus muscullus)
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WARDANI, FITRI FATMA, DARDA EFENDI, DINY DINARTI, and Joko Ridho Witono. "Cryopreservation of papaya seeds cv. Sukma, Callina, and Caliso: Effect of loading treatment and immersion time in plant vitrification solution-2." Nusantara Bioscience 11, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n110112.

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Abstract. Wardani FF, Efendi D, Dinarti D, Witono JR. 2019. Cryopreservation of papaya seeds cv. Sukma, Callina, and Caliso: Effect of loading treatment and immersion time in plant vitrification solution-2. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 71-78. Sukma, Callina, and Caliso are papaya cultivars released by the Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. In general, papaya seeds cannot be stored for a long time with a conventional GenBank storage system, even though some of them consider as “orthodox” class of seed. Cryopreservation, storage at an ultra-low temperature (-196 0C) of liquid nitrogen, could be possible for long-term storage of papaya seeds. The experiment conducted to get the necessary of loading treatment and the best immersion time in PVS2 for cryopreservation of papaya seeds cv. Sukma, Callina, and Caliso, so they still had considerable viability. We conducted experiment as factorial in completely randomized design, with the first factor was loading treatment with two levels (with and without loading treatment), and the second factor was immersion time in PVS2 with three levels (15, 30 and 45 min). So, there was six treatment and we used 50 seeds for each treatment. Results showed that the three papaya cultivars gave different responses to the treatment before cryopreservation proved that papayas seed had different characteristics, depending on genotype. For papaya seeds cv. Sukma, loading treatment was not needed and the best immersion time in PVS2 was 15 min. The viability of papaya seeds cv. Callina was low, so we should try another treatment before cryopreservation. For papaya seeds cv. Caliso, loading treatment was needed and the best immersion time in PVS2 was 30 min.
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Diyah, Nuzul Wahyuning, Purwanto Purwanto, Yunita Susanti, and Yuliana Kristiani Dewi. "PEMBUATAN MINYAK KELAPA SECARA ENZIMATIS DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN KULIT BUAH DAN BIJI PEPAYA SERTA ANALISIS SIFAT FISIKOKIMIANYA." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.15.2.201013.

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Enzymatic process using papain is an efficient and less expensive method for producing coconut oil. This research was conducted to produce coconut oil which meet quality requirement from Cocos Nucifera L using ripe fruit peel and seed of papaya (Carica Papaya L) as enzyme sources. The coconut oil was prepared by mixing of coconut milk and juice of papaya ripe fruit peel and/or seed; and then the oils produced and incubated for 24 hours. The physicochemical properties of the coconut oil were determined including specific gravity, water content, contaminant, Iodine number, saponification number, peroxyde number, acid number, and pelican oil. The yields of coconut oil produced by enzymatic method using those two papain sources were significantly higher than coconut oil produced by vaporization/heating method. The physicochemical properties of the coconut oil in accordance with Indonesian National Standard (SNI), but the coconut oil which was produced enzymatically using juice of papaya ripe fruit peel and seed had higher quality than those produced by heating method. Based on the physicochemical properties of the coconut oil, it concluded that ripe fruit peel of papaya was better than papaya seed as an enzyme source.
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Azhari, Azhari, Nilva Mutia, and Ishak Ishak. "PROSES EKSTRAKSI MINYAK DARI BIJI PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT n-HEKSANA." Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/jtku.v9i1.3073.

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Papaya is the most beneficial fruit for human health. In addition to the fruit that can be consumed, it turns out papaya seeds can also be used. In addition to the seeds used to be planted as well as only being waste, oil can also be obtained from papaya seeds. One method for obtaining papaya seed oil is a method of extracting heat (requires installation in the process), in general the notion of reflux is extraction with a solvent at its boiling temperature point, for a certain time and the amount of solvent adjusted to air temperature. In this research, papaya seed extraction was carried out, percent yield analysis was carried out, and heavy type analysis of papaya seed oil extraction was carried out. The purpose of this study was to study the variation in extraction time of papaya seeds with solvents on the yield of oil produced. This research was carried out by reacting papaya seeds with hexane solvents at 65 ℃. Where the weight of papaya seeds is 50 gr, and the volume of solvents varied by 300 ml, 400 ml, and 500 ml and the reaction time is 120 minutes, 150 minutes, and 180 minutes. The results showed that the largest papaya seed oil was 34.2% at a volume of 500 ml solvent for 180 minutes and a high density of 0.87 gr / ml at a volume of 500 ml solvent for 180 minutes.Keywords: Extraction, hexane, papaya seed oil, reflux
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Parhimpunan, Anwar, Haryati, and Ferry Ezra T. Sitepu. "Influence of seed skin condition, seed drying and concentrations of coconut water on seed viability of papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.)." Jurnal Pertanian Tropik 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jpt.v6i2.3177.

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Dormansi seeds was caused on the physic of seeds, embryo physiologic or a combination of those two, it is needed the seed drying and concentrations of coconut water to solved dormancy. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of seed treatment, seed drying and concentrations of coconut water on seed viability of papaya seeds, used randomized block design with three factors. The first factor is seed treatment (sarcotesta and without sarcotesta), the second factor is seed drying (2, 4 and 6 day) and the third factor is concentrations of coconut water (0, 50 and 100 %). The results showed that seeds without sarcotesta increasing seed of water doses, normal seedling percentage, vigor index, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, increased the rate of germination and reducing of not growt seedling percentage. Six days of seed drying significantly affected normal seedling percentage, vigor index and reducing of not growt seedling percentage. Fifty percents of concentration of coconut water significantly affected normal seedling percentage, vigor index and reducing of not growt seedling percentage. There is significantly affected interaction between seeds without sarcotesta and six days of seed drying to the rate of germination. There is significantly affected interaction between seeds without sarcotesta and fifty percents of concentrations of coconut water to seed of water doses. There is significantly affected interaction between seeds without sarcotesta, six days of seed drying and fifty percents of concentrations of coconut water to the rate of germination.
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Tapia-Tussell, R., A. Magaña-Alvarez, A. Cortes-Velazquez, G. Itza-Kuk, A. Nexticapan-Garcez, A. Quijano-Ramayo, R. Martin-Mex, and D. Perez-Brito. "Seed transmission of Papaya meleira virus in papaya (Carica papaya) cv. Maradol." Plant Pathology 64, no. 2 (August 14, 2014): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12279.

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Idoko, Joy Ejemen, Bukola Mary Atere, and Raphael Abiodun Adebayo. "Assessment of Insecticidal Properties of Products From Seeds of Carica papaya Against Callosobruchus Maculatus (Fabricius)." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 4 (September 12, 2018): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v6i3.13645.

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Powder and ash of Carica papaya seed extracted from riped and unriped C. papaya fruits obtained from Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure were evaluated for their insecticidal potential against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) at application rates of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0g per 20g of cowpea seeds. The experiment was carried out at the pest management laboratory of the Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management under ambient laboratory conditions of 27±20C temperature and 70±5% relative humidity. Each treatment was infested with 5 pairs of C. maculatus. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with each treatment replicated three times. Mortality of cowpea beetles were assessed at 24, 48 and 72hours post treatment. Thereafter data were collected on oviposition, adult emergence, weevil perforation index and seed germination. The results obtained indicated that adult mortality of C. maculatus increased with increasing application rates of powders and ashes of ripe and unripe C. papaya seeds. 100% mortality was observed on cowpea seeds treated with powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed at 0.8 and 1.0g application rates at 72hours post treatment. Powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed significantly reduced the oviposition potential of adult C. maculatus and caused significant reduction of damaged seeds. Highest number of seeds that germinated was recorded on the seeds treated with powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed at 0.8 and 1.0g application rates.
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Noflindawati, Noflindawati, Tri Budiyanti, and Dewi Fatria. "KERAGAMAN VIABILITAS BENIH 20 GENOTIPE PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.)." JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI 8, no. 1 (November 2, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ja.v7i2.3356.

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Germination problems in the commerce in general are the seeds will experience a period save on condition of sub optium.The seeds that have high viability and vigor which is expected to be passed on to seed derivatives that are genetically seed quality can be maintained. The study aims to determine the diversity of physiological seed quality of 20 genotypes of papaya collection Tropical Fruit Research Institute. Research conducted at the KP Sumani Balitbu Tropika 2015. Materials: 20 genotype papaya seeds. Research using a randomized block design with three replications treatment of 20 genotypes of papaya. Results of the study showed germination of 20 genotypes of papaya tested ranged from 33-93%, vigor index among 11-81%, the maximum growth potential of among 16-100%, and the plant fresh weight ranges from 0.5 - 15 g. Genetic diversity germination, the seeds of papaya is very high. Characters germination, vigor index and wet weights, the character is inherited as too high the heritability
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Sugiharto, Sugiharto. "Papaya (Carica papaya L.) seed as a potent functional feedstuff for poultry – A review." August-2020 13, no. 8 (2020): 1613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1613-1619.

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The steady increase in the price of protein feed ingredients and the retraction of antibiotics from diets has encouraged nutritionists to search the alternatives for protein source and functional feedstuffs that can substitute the role of antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production. With crude protein of 24-30%, in vitro protein digestibility of 80% and proportion of essential amino acids of 47%, seed from ripe papaya may be exploited as the alternative protein feed ingredient for poultry. Moreover, the growth promoting effect, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities, and immunomodulatory and antioxidative activities may confirm the potential of papaya seed as a functional feedstuff that could replace the role of antibiotic growth promoters for poultry. The in-depth study is needed to further elucidate the functionalities of papaya seed on poultry. This review provides the updates on the nutritional contents of papaya seed, the potential of papaya seed as an alternative to conventional protein-rich ingredient, the growth-promoting effect of feeding papaya seed, the antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities of papaya seed, antioxidative activities of papaya seed, and the immunomodulatory activity of papaya seed on poultry.
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Wiryawan, Reryd Arindany, Reny I'tishom, and Sri Purwaningsih. "PAPAYA SEED EXTRACT LOWERS SPERM CONCENTRATIONS, MOTILITY AND VIABILITY IN MALE MICE." Folia Medica Indonesiana 51, no. 4 (November 15, 2016): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v51i4.2855.

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Indonesia is a developing country with a dense population, so the government carry on KB (Family Planning) program in which the targets are mostly women. Contraceptives are intended for women are birth control pills and IUD (Intra Uterine Device), whereas until now the contraceptive for men who are considered well-established are condom and vasectomy. Thus, the development of herbal medicine, which is cheap and affordable, makes it possible to be consumed in a long term with less meaningful side effects. Papaya seeds (Carica papaya) is one of the many plants used by communities to eradicate intestinal worms, menstrual laxative, and abortivum. Empirically papaya fruit, leaves, and seeds of papaya also contains carpaine, an alkaloid which is used as anthelmintic. Papaya seeds, which are edible and spicy in India are used for contraception. Alkaloid content in seeds of papaya can be antifertility herbal plants for males that can be measured from the quality of spermatozoa. Alkaloid compounds contained in papaya seeds can disrupt the hormone testosterone, which would interfere the sperm quality, making papaya seed potential to become a candidate for contraceptive.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Papaya seed"

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Piovesan, Natiéli. "EXTRATOS NATURAIS DE SEMENTES DE MAMÃO PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.) E MARCELA (Achyrocline satureioides) E AVALIAÇÃO DA CAPACIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE E ANTIMICROBIANA EM LINGUIÇA DE FRANGO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5723.

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The present study aimed to develop natural extracts from papaya seed (Carica papaya l.) and marcela (Achyrocline satureioides) to be used in chicken sausage, evaluating their antioxidant and anti-microbial activities. Firstly, the hydroethanolic extracts were elaborated and the phenolic compounds characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity were accomplished. Then, the papaya seeds and marcela extracts, in 0,5%, 1%, 1,5% and 0,5 and 0,75% respectively were used in the chicken sausage. The analyses accomplished were: centesimal composition (humidity, protein, ash and fat), pH, objective color, lipid oxidation, microbiological and sensory analyses. The results obtained in the extracts in vitro analyses showed that the marcela extract presents greater amount of total phenolic and higher antioxidant activity compared to the papaya seeds extract. The products centesimal composition complied with the Brazilian law. There was no interference of the extracts addition on the pH of the chicken sausage in relation to the control ones. Regarding color, during the storage period the T2, T3, T4 and T5 treatments presented higher values for h* in relation to control, indicating a color tendency from red to yellow. At the 42 days of storage of the refrigerated chicken sausage, the samples T3 (1,5% ESM) and T5 (0,75%EM) presented the lowest TBARS values, being respectively 0,485 and 0,448 mg malonaldehyde Kg-1 of sample, representing a lipid inhibition higher than control. The values obtained to Clostridium, Staphylococcus positive coagulase; Salmonella and coliforms at 45° were lower than the ones established by law. However the mesophylls aerobic and the psychotropic microorganisms were lower to 10-6 UFC. g-1 up to 21 days of storage, at 4 °C. The mean values of the scores attributed to color, smell, texture and global appearance did not present significant difference (p<0, 05) among the treatments. The acceptability index presented values higher than 70% for all attributes which is considered good. Then, it is possible to conclude that the addition of papaya seeds (1,5%) and marcela (0,75%) extracts can be used in the chicken sausage manufacture since they have presented antioxidant capacity and may lengthen this meat product s shelf life.
O presente estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver extratos naturais de sementes de mamão papaya (Carica papaya L.) e de marcela (Achyrocline satureioides) para aplicação em linguiça de frango, avaliando suas atividades antimicrobianas e antioxidantes. Primeiramente elaborou-se os extratos hidro-etanólicos e realizou-se a caracterização da composição de fenólicos e da atividade antioxidante in vitro. Após, os extratos de sementes de mamão e de marcela, nas concentrações de 0,5%, 1% e 1,5%, e 0,5% e 0,75%, respectivamente, foram aplicados em linguiça de frango. As análises realizadas nos embutidos foram: composição centesimal (umidade, proteínas, cinzas, gordura), pH, cor objetiva, oxidação lipídica, análises microbiológicas e sensorial. Os resultados obtidos nas análises in vitro dos extratos mostraram que o extrato de marcela apresenta maior quantidade de fenólicos totais e maior atividade antioxidante quando comparada ao extrato de sementes de mamão. A composição centesimal dos produtos estava de acordo com o exigido pela legislação brasileira. Não houve interferência da adição dos extratos sobre pH das linguiças de frango em relação ao controle. Em relação à cor, durante o período de armazenamento, os tratamentos T2, T3, T4 e T5 apresentaram valores superiores para o h* em relação ao controle, indicando uma tendência de cor vermelha para amarelo. Aos 42 dias de armazenamento das linguiças de frango refrigeradas, as amostras T3 (1,5%ESM) e T5 (0,75%EM) apresentaram os menores valores de TBARS, sendo respectivamente 0,485 e 0,448 mg malonaldeído.Kg-1 de amostra, representando uma inibição lipídica superior ao controle. Os valores obtidos para Clostridium, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva; Samonella e coliformes a 45 ºC encontravam-se com valores inferiores aos limites estabelecidos pela legislação. Já a contagem de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos e psicrotróficos foram inferiores a 10-6 UFC. g-1 até os 21 dias de armazenamento, a 4 ºC. Os valores médios das notas atribuídas para os atributos cor, odor, sabor, textura e aparência global não apresentaram diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre os tratamentos. O índice de aceitabilidade apresentou valores superiores a 70% para todos atributos avaliados, sendo considerado com boa repercussão. Portanto, conclui-se que a adição dos extratos de sementes de mamão (1,5%) e de marcela (0,75%), podem ser utilizadas na elaboração de linguiça de frango, pois apresentaram capacidades antioxidantes, podendo aumentar a vida de prateleira desse produto cárneo.
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Maia, Mariana Ferreira. "Propriedades biológicas das sementes da papaia (Carica papaya L.): valorização de um resíduo alimentar." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7565.

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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
O interesse pelo reaproveitamento dos resíduos alimentares obtidos das frutas e vegetais tem vindo a aumentar nas últimas décadas, não só na defesa do conceito de sustentabilidade como também pelas reconhecidas propriedades biológicas associadas ao aporte nutricional e composição de fitoquímicos descritas nestes sub-produtos. As sementes da papaia são um exemplo. De facto, da fruta, apenas se consome a polpa, sendo a casca e as sementes consideradas sub-produtos que poderão trazer um valor acrescido às indústrias alimentar, farmacêutica e cosmética. Por estes motivos, este trabalho experimental teve como principal objetivo efetuar uma quantificação do teor de fenólicos totais e de flavonoides totais, das sementes da Carica papaya Linn, bem como, avaliar a atividade antioxidante das mesmas. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que o extrato aquoso foi o que permitiu obter maior teor de flavonoides (63,24 mg EC/100g). Em contrapartida, o extrato etanólico foi o que obteve maior teor de fenólicos (981,84 mg EAG/100g). A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada através de dois métodos espectrofotométricos: DPPH• e FRAP. Por ser um antioxidante natural, o uso do ácido ascórbico como controlo permitiu medir a atividade antioxidante dos compostos bioativos presentes nos dois extratos, no sentido de os comparar com um antioxidante natural. Apesar da atividade antioxidante do ácido ascórbico ter sido superior aos dois extratos, pelos dois métodos espectrofotométricos, estes poderão ser utilizados como antioxidantes naturais, sendo que é através do extrato etanólico que podemos tirar maior partido da atividade antioxidante dos compostos bioativos das sementes da Carica papaya L. (416,87 μg/ml pelo DPPH• e 283,52 μg/ml pelo FRAP). Com os resultados obtidos podemos ainda concluir que o teor de compostos bioativos é influenciado por diversos fatores, nomeadamente, o tipo de solvente extrator utilizado. Apesar das sementes da papaia poderem ser utilizados como antioxidantes naturais, tanto na indústria alimentar, farmacêutica e cosmética, torna-se necessário aprofundar as investigações no sentido de avaliar a toxicidade das mesmas.
The interest in the reuse of food residues obtained from fruits and vegetables has been increasing in recent decades, not only in defense of sustainability but also for the recognized biological properties associated with the nutritional contribution and composition of phytochemicals described in these by-products. Papaya seeds are one of these examples. In fact, only the pulp is consumed in the fruit, the bark and seeds are considered as by-products that can bring added value to the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. For these reasons, the main objective of this experimental work is to quantify the total phenolic and total flavonoid content in Carica papaya seeds, as well as to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the seeds. The results obtained show that the aqueous extract allows to obtain a higher flavonoid content (63.24 mg CE/100g). On the other hand, the ethanolic extract obtained the highest phenolic content (981.84 mg GAE /100g). The antioxidant activity was evaluated through two spectrophotometric methods: DPPH• and FRAP. As a natural antioxidant, the use of ascorbic acid as a control allowed to measure the antioxidant activity of the bioactive compounds present in both extracts, when comparing them with a natural antioxidant. Although the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid was superior in the two extracts, by the two spectrophotometric methods, these can be used as natural antioxidants, and it is through the ethanolic extract that we can take advantage of the antioxidant activity of the bioactive compounds of the seeds of Carica papaya Linn (416.87 μg/ml by DPPH• and 283.52 μg/ml by FRAP). With the obtained results we can conclude that the content of bioactive compounds is influenced by several factors, namely, the type of solvent extractor used. Although papaya seeds can be used as natural antioxidants, both in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, it is necessary to deepen the investigations in order to evaluate their toxicity.
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Melo, Maria Ladjane Sodré de. "Caracterização, estabilidade oxidativa e determinação do potencial energético do biodiesel derivado do mamão (carica papaya L.): uma fonte não convencional." Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7173.

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The aim of this research was to study the chemical and physical properties of the papaya seeds of three different cultivars produced in Brazil: Sunrise Solo (Hawaii), Golden and Formosa. The chemical composition of the seeds and the extracted oils, physical chemical properties of oils and obtained biodiesel were analyzed to evaluate the industrial use of this disposable residue as renewable energy source. Golden and Solo Sunrise cultivars presented lower fruit weight (391.92 and 590.32 g) compared to Formosa cultivar (1318.16 g) but a higher seed yield of 2.54 and 1.43% respectively against 0.61% of Formosa. The chemical composition of the seeds shown high protein content (23.58 to 25.46 g/100 g), fibers (16.07 to 19.19 g/100 g) and minerals (5.12 to 6.48 g/100 g) among the three cultivars with emphasis on Fe and P (104.18 mg/g and 634.12 mg/g) for the cultivars Golden Sunrise Solo cultivars. The oil content was ± 28%. The major component were oleic acid (69.78%, 70.13% and 72.04%) and palmitic acid (18.95%, 18.89% and 18.20%) respectively for Golden, Sunrise Solo and Formosa cultivars. The acidity index (1.0, 0.98 and 1.03), iodine index (71.30, 70.26 and 70.45) and saponification index (190.2, 190.14 and 189.98) were found form the three papaya variety. Methyl transesterification of the Golden oil was carried out by 0.5% basic catalysis, 1:8 molar ratio, 45°C temperature and the product was identified by TLC, GC-MS, IR and 1H and 13C NMR techniques. The yield of the methyl esters (92.07%), was gravimetrically determined according to the stoichiometry of the reaction. The kinetics of acid catalyzed methyl transesterification using the same oil was evaluated by TLC and the yield of esterification was determined by reducing the acidity index of the reaction medium. The reaction medium used and results found were: 1:9 molar ratio and 80°C temperature the acidity index was reduced from 28 to 3.31 and 3.12 mg KOH/g sample, yielding of 88.18% and 88.86% respectively, at 1.0 and 1.4% catalyst after 8 hours of reaction. In a second stage of the reaction after 2 hours, the acidity index were 1.8 mg KOH / g (1.0% of catalyst) and 1.6 g KOH / g (1.4% of catalyst) with esterification maximum respectively 93.57 and 94.28%. The biodiesel obtained by basic catalysis showed 0.35 mg KOH / g acidity value, 0.88 g/cm3 density, 6.0 mm2 / s kinematic viscosity, 1°C cloud point, -1°C flow point and 62.83 cetane number. The power generation consumption, in L / h, were 0.5837 (B100), 0.5806 (B50), 0.5814 (B20), 0.6122 (B10), 0.6225 (B5) compared to 0.6981 (diesel), indicating its high calorific power. Thermal stability studies showed that the initial temperature of mass loss in TGA (155 ° C) match with the temperature variation of enthalpy by DSC curve and the initial oxidative event shown in non-isothermal curve PDSC indicating superior thermo-oxidative stability comparing to Soybean biodiesel where similar thermal events begin at a temperature of 100 º C. The oxidative stability (25 hours) was evaluated by Rancimat test. This result was confirmed by PDSC, where the variation of the baseline occurred at 54 minutes after reaching the temperature of the isotherm, at 110°C, and any other thermal event was observed during the entire period of the experiment (10 hours), indicating no oxidation reactions. The peroxide index was evaluated 58.4 meq / kg by using an oven (65 ºC) for a period of 25 days, showing a high stability if compared with the sunflower oil biodiesel, which according to the literature and in the same procedures presented a peroxide index of 300 meq / kg in seven days. The rheological study showed a Newtonian behavior and an absolute dynamic viscosity of 5.3 ± 9.1.10-5 m.Pa.s.
Este trabalho descreve as propriedades físicas das sementes de três cultivares de mamão produzidos no Brasil: Sunrise Solo (Havaí), Golden e Formosa, a composição química das sementes e dos seus respectivos óleos, as propriedades físico-químicas do óleo e do biodiesel dele obtido. Tudo isso, tem o objetivo de avaliar o aproveitamento industrial integral desse resíduo totalmente descartável , o qual é uma possível fonte renovável de energia. Os cultivares Golden e Sunrise Solo apresentaram menor peso de fruto (391,92 e 590,32 g) que o Formosa (1318,16 g); possuem, porém, um rendimento de sementes superior de respectivamente 2,54 e 1,43% contra 0,61 % da cultivar Formosa. A composição química das sementes em g/100 g apresentou um teor elevado de proteínas (23,58 a 25,46); fibras (16,07 a 19,19) e minerais (5,12 a 6,48) entre os três cultivares com destaque para os minerais Fe e P, cujos maiores teores foram, respectivamente, os de 104,18 mg/g e 634,12 mg/g para as cultivares Golden e Sunrise solo. O teor de óleo dos três cultivares foi o de ± 28% sendo majoritários os ácido graxos oléico com percentuais de 69,78; 70,13 e 72,04 e palmítico com percentuais de 18,95; 18,89 e 18,20, respectivamente para as cultivares Golden, Sunrise solo e Formosa. Na mesma ordem os índices de acidez : 1,0, 0.98 e 1,03, iodo: 71,30; 70,26 e 70,45 e saponificação: 190,2; 190,14 e 189,98. A transesterificação metílica do óleo do cultivar Golden ocorreu por catálise básica, na razão molar 1:8, temperatura de 45 °C e concentração de 0,5% de catalisador, sendo a conversão identificada pelas técnicas de: CCD, CG-MS, IR e RMN 1H e C13. A taxa percentual de conversão em ésteres metílicos (92,07) foi determinada por gravimetria, de acordo com estequiometria da reação. A cinética da reação de transesterificação metílica por catálise ácida no óleo de alta acidez do cultivar Golden foi avaliada por CCD e o percentual de esterificação da reação determinado pela redução do índice de acidez do meio reacional. Na razão molar de 1:9, temperatura de 80 °C, a acidez baixou de 28 para 3,31 e 3,12 mg de KOH/g de amostra com um percentual de esterificação de 88,18 e 88,86, respectivamente, nas concentrações de 1,0 e 1,4% de catalisador após 8 horas de reação. Numa segunda fase do processo reacional, após 2 horas, a acidez caiu para 1,8 mg de KOH/g (1,0% de catalisador) e 1,6 g de KOH/g (1,4% de catalisador), com esterificação máxima, respectivamente, de 93,57% e 94,28%. O biodiesel obtido por catálise básica apresentou índice de acidez (0,35 mg de KOH/g), densidade (0,88g/cm3), viscosidade cinemática (6,0 mm2/s), ponto de névoa (1 ºC), ponto de fluidez ( 1 ºC) e número de cetano (62,83). O consumo em gerador de energia em L/h mostrou os valores: 0,5837 (B100), 0,5806 (B50), 0,5814 (B20), 0,6122 (B10), 0,6225 (B5) contra 0,6981 (diesel). Os estudos de estabilidade térmica mostraram que a temperatura inicial de perda de massa na curva TG (155°C) coincidiu com o início da temperatura de variação da entalpia pela curva DSC e com o evento oxidativo inicial demonstrado na curva PDSC não isotérmica, demonstrando estabilidade termoxidativa superior ao biodiesel de soja, onde os eventos térmicos similares iniciam na temperatura de 100 ºC. No teste Rancimat, o biodiesel apresentou estabilidade oxidativa elevada (25 horas). Este fato foi confirmado pela técnica PDSC, durante a qual a mudança da linha de base ocorreu aos 54 minutos, atingida a temperatura da isoterma (110 ºC), não sendo registrado nenhum evento térmico (indicativo de reações de oxidação) por 10 horas. No método da estufa após um período de 25 dias a 65 ºC, o índice de peróxido máximo do biodiesel foi de 58,4 meq/Kg, uma estabilidade muito superior ao biodiesel de girassol, que segunda a literatura e nas mesmas condições analíticas apresentou um índice de peróxido de 300 meq/Kg em 7 dias. O estudo reológico demonstrou um comportamento newtoniano com uma viscosidade dinâmica absoluta de 5,3 ± 9,1. 10-5 m.Pa.s.
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Mngomba, Simon Alfred. "Development of clonal propagation protocols for Uapaca kirkiana and Pappea capensis, two southern African trees with economic potential." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26848.

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Experiments were carried out with the objectives of developing propagation protocols for Uapaca kirkiana and Pappea capensis tree species of southern Africa, and evaluating the graft compatibility within U. Kirkiana tree clones, provenances and species. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, fluorescence microscopy and callus fusion methodologies were used to diagnose graft compatibility. Results indicated that U. Kirkiana culture asepsis was achieved with 0.1% w/v mercuric chloride HgCl2) and using pre-conditioned grafted trees. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) improved P. Capensis seed asepsis and germination, and discarding floating seeds improved germination. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2.0 mg l-1 benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.3 mg l-1 casein hydrolysate (CH) was superior in shoot multiplication and 0.5 mg l-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for rooting of P. Capensis microshoots. For somatic embryogenesis, three quarter strength MS medium with 0.05 mg l-1 thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.3 mg l-1 CH, or 0.2 mg l-1 BAP with 0.3 mg l-1 CH, were effective in germination of P. Capensis somatic embryos. For U. Kirkiana lateral shoot explants, shoot multiplication was superior on three quarter strength MS medium with 0.1 mg l-1 BAP and 0.3 mg l-1 CH. Rooting of micro-cuttings (36%) was achieved on ½ MS with 2.5 mg l-1 IBA. RP-HPLC, fluorescence microscopy and callus fusion studies showed that phenolic compounds play a major role in U. Kirkiana graft incompatibility. Less graft compatible combinations showed an increase in phenol deposits above the union and graft incompatibility was more pronounced above the union than below the union. Proliferation of parenchymatous tissues was better below the union than above the union. Fluorescence microscopy showed presence of flavonoids and polymers above the union of less graft compatible combinations. The chromatograms showed that ferulic acid was abundant and responsible for wood discolouration. The chromatograms also isolated ρara-coumaric acids which were predominant above the union of the less compatible combinations. Therefore, ρara-coumaric acids, flavonoids and polymers were implicated in graft incompatibility of U. kirkiana trees. Copyright
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Plant Production and Soil Science
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Hunt, John Matthew. "Violence and Disorder in the Sede Vacante of Early Modern Rome, 1559-1655." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1244045850.

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BOTRUGNO, LORENZO. "LE RELAZIONI DIPLOMATICHE TRA IL REGNO UNITO E LA SANTA SEDE DURANTE IL PONTIFICATO DI PIO XI (1922 - 1939)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6225.

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I rapporti anglo-vaticani, storicamente segnati da reciproche diffidenze, si distinsero per cordialità nel corso della prima parte del pontificato di Papa Achille Ratti - Pio XI (1922-1939). Tra il 1927 e il 1932 un doloroso conflitto tra Chiesa e Stato a Malta, cattolicissima colonia britannica, si trasformò gradualmente in un aspro scontro diplomatico tra la Segreteria di Stato di Sua Santità ed il Foreign Office. I legami tra Regno Unito e Santa Sede si indebolirono ulteriormente nel biennio 1935-1936, durante la Guerra d’Etiopia: a torto, Londra interpretò l’iniziativa di pace della diplomazia pontificia come funzionale a sostenere le rivendicazioni imperiali dell’Italia fascista. Nel 1937, a seguito della pubblicazione dell’enciclica “Mit Brennender Sorge”, ebbe principio un effettivo riavvicinamento: gli inglesi percepirono il Papato allineato alle democrazie e contrapposto ai totalitarismi, ovverosia Germania e Italia. L’istituzione della Delegazione apostolica in Gran Bretagna (novembre 1938) costituiva sintomo e manifestazione concreta di tale nuova e profonda armonia.
Anglo-vatican relations, historically marked by reciprocal diffidences, were characterized by cordiality during the first part of the pontificate of Pope Achille Ratti - Pius XI (1922-1939). From 1927 to 1932 a painful conflict between Church and State in Malta, the Roman Catholic British colony, gradually turned into a bitter diplomatic confrontation between the Secretariat of State of His Holiness and the Foreign Office. The ties between United Kingdom and Holy See weakened further in the years 1935-1936, during the Ethiopian War: wrongly, London interpreted Papal Diplomacy’s peace initiative as conceived to support the imperial claims of Fascist Italy. In 1937, following the publication of the Encyclical “Mit Brennender Sorge”, a factual rapprochement started: the British perceived the Papacy as lined up with democracies and opposed to Totalitarian States, that is to say Germany and Italy. The institution of the Apostolic Delegation to Great Britain (November 1938) constituted symptom and concrete manifestation of a new and deep harmony.
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Nguyen, Thi-Huyen, and 阮氏暄. "Factors influence on seed germination of papaya (Carica papaya L.)." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74780469825777785976.

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碩士
國立中興大學
園藝學系所
97
The fresh and dry seed weight of papaya were increased following the maturity of fruit. The weight of sacrotesta, testa and tegmen was over 1/3 of total seed weight. Using sugar density for grading floating and sinking seeds showed that both kind of fresh seeds had low percentage in germination of 7.4-9.2%. After 5 hours of incubating at 37℃ hot water, could increase percentage significantly. Under 1.05 sugar density, the percent germination of floating and sinking seeds were 22.3 and 41.9%, respectively. The germination percentage of different maturity fruit were increased afterripening. Seed moisture content of 8 and 12% had no significant difference in germination percentage but it was significantly improved by increasing seed storage time. Seeds dried by 35℃ with 3 months storage had 45% germination which is significant higher than 35% of seed dried by 26℃. The optimum temperation in seed germination is 30℃, but using alternate germination temperature of 25/30℃ and 25/35℃ had higher germination of 88.8 and 96.6%, respectively. Seeds incubating at 37℃ and using GA3, KNO3 could improve seed germination percentage. Seeds treated the solution of GA3 and KNO3 had higher germination percentage than that treated GA3 and KNO3, respectively. Solid and liquid priming could shorten the mean days to germination. Measuring EC in leakage and TTC method could be used for quick viability test.
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ZHOU, YU-ZHEN, and 周玉珍. "Physiological studies on papaya seed dormancy." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82094051502819220418.

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Unpaprom, Yuwalee, and 尤婉琳. "Effects of S-ABA on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Papaya (Carica papaya L.)." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41630177799296718616.

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博士
國立中興大學
園藝學系所
101
Studies on effects of natural type S-ABA on seed germination and seedling growth of papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. Tainung No. 2) were evaluated for clarify function of S-ABA. Seed germination was investigated by soaking seeds into distilled water and various concentrations of S-ABA. Percentage of seed germination in filter paper and growth medium experiments were increased by S-ABA treatments. These treatments significantly increased germination percentages (88 and 91 %, respectively) compared to control (70 and 76 %, respectively). Enhancement of germination velocity index (GVI) and seedling vigor index (VI) were obtained from treatment of S-ABA 0.01 and 0.1 ppm. While, high concentration of S-ABA (10 ppm) reduced seed germination, and resulted in abnormal germinants. However, S-ABA 1 ppm had no effect on seed germination. Young seedling stage, seedlings were treated by 2 methods of S-ABA application, foliar spray and medium supply. Results showed that S-ABA treatments increased seedling growth, especially number of leaves and roots, and fresh weight of shoot in both two application methods. Fresh weight of roots was increased by S-ABA only in foliar spray method while medium supply of S-ABA resulted in roots were small and fine. The investigation of anatomical characteristics in leaf, stem and root was supported this study. Number of palisade cell in leaf of treated seedlings was significantly increased compared to control ones. In addition, length of these cells in treated seedlings was increased but width of cell was reduced, led to leaves were dark green compared to untreated seedlings. S-ABA treatments could improve number of cell in stem and root and also increase vascular system in stem and root. Moreover, increasing in layer number of pith in stem was found from S-ABA treatments as well. Further, arrangement of cell in all three parts was more compact compared to untreated seedlings. Effects of S-ABA on nutrient and total sugar content were evaluated. S-ABA could significantly improve N and K content in all parts of seedlings, P and total soluble sugar content was increased trendily in some part of seedling. For dry weight of nutrients in whole plant, S-ABA could improve N, P, K and total soluble sugar in both two treatments of foliar spray and medium supply. Further, in 6 weeks after treatment, medium supply of S-ABA became to be more positive effect than foliar spray plants. It was found in this study that S-ABA belongs to growth promoter in tropical fruit tree, papaya. The concentration in 0.1 ppm was more effect on seedling growth and nutrient accumulation. The foliar spray of S-ABA had positive effect on leaf growth, thereafter indirectly improved stem and root growth. Moreover, the introducing of medium supply method directly enhanced root growth.
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Ho, Yu-Chi, and 何昱圻. "Purification of Carica papaya Seed Lectin by Affinity Chromatography." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09652347830969675238.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
農業化學研究所
100
Lectins are defined as sugar-binding and cell-agglutinating proteins of non-immune origin. They are ubiquitous in nature, being found in all kinds of organisms, from viruses to humans. Recently, our group isolated an N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc)-specific lectin from the seeds of papaya (Carica papaya), named CPL. In this study, an effective affinity chromatographic method for CPL isolation and purification was established, based on the specificity of CPL. By using two steps affinity chromatography through lactose-Sepharose 6B and GalNAc-Sepharose 6B resins, with sequential elution by lactose and GalNAc solution. The hemagglutination activity of GalNAc-elution fractions (LpGLac-GalNAc) was 1461 fold higher than original papaya seed crude extracts. Through the gel filtration chromatography, the results showed that the purified CPL was appeared in LpGLac-GalNAc; also, this purification protocol obtained higher purity and higher protein yield of CPL than previous research (Wang et al., 2011). At the same time, we discovered a lactose desorbed protein, designed as LpGLac, in the process of affinity purification. The results of SDS-PAGE, hemagglutination assay and ELISA assay indicated that LpGLac was recognized by CPL and might compete with lactose for carbohydrate binding domain on CPL, which resulted in desorbing from affinity column by lactose solution. In addition, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of purified protein on murine macrophages RAW 264.7 cell line in vitro. Incubation of LpGLac and LpGLac-GalNAc with RAW cells showed significant induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as nitric oxide, which suggests that both of purified proteins have potent immunomodulatory effects on immune cells.
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Books on the topic "Papaya seed"

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Benoiton, Sandra Hanks. Papaya-- and other seeds: A collection of short stories and poems. Mahe, Seychelles: Splaytoes Pub. Seychelles, 2008.

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Yeomans, Lien. Green Papaya: New fruit from old seeds : how I seduced Australia with my food. Milsons Point, NSW: Random House Australia, 2001.

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Zi er , tu tu. Taibei Shi: Xin yi ji jin chu ban she, 1993.

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Garizábal, Mario Madrid-Malo. Tú eres Pedro: El papado en la historia. Bogotá: San Pablo, 2005.

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D'Avack, Pietro Agostino. Vaticano e Santa sede. Bologna: Mulino, 1994.

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L' oro e la tiara: La costruzione dello spazio fiscale italiano della Santa Sede, 1560-1620. Bologna: Il mulino, 2003.

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Ferlito, Sergio. L' attività internazionale della Santa Sede. Milano: A. Giuffrè, 1988.

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Chiovaro, Francesco. Urbi et orbi: Dos mil años de papado. Barcelona: Ediciones B, 1997.

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Zambarbieri, Annibale. Il nuovo papato: Sviluppi dell'universalismo della Santa Sede dal 1870 ad oggi. Cinisello Balsamo (Milano): San Paolo, 2001.

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Puré de papas: Historia secreta del Papado Vaticano. México, D.F: Debolsillo, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Papaya seed"

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Tan, Seok Shin. "Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seed Oil." In Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality, 615–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12473-1_31.

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Ke–nan, Ye, Huang Junchao, and Li Baojian. "Hybrid Papaya Artificial Seed Production for Experimental Field." In Biotechnology in Agriculture, 411–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1779-1_79.

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Sani, Muhamad Shirwan Abdullah, Jamilah Bakar, Russly Abdul Rahman, and Faridah Abas. "Effect of Temperature on Antibacterial Activity and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of Carica Papaya Seed Extract." In Multifaceted Protocols in Biotechnology, Volume 2, 117–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75579-9_8.

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Lee, Sang Hee, and Jung-Hyun Lee. "Molecular Characterization of TEM-Type Beta-Lactamases Identified in Cold-Seep Sediments of Edison Seamount (South of Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea)." In Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology II, 545–52. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118010549.ch51.

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Platania, Gaetano. "THE TURKISH THREAT AND THE IDEA OF "CRUSADING" IN THE PAPAL POLICY OF THE MODERN AGE AS SEEN IN SOME UNPUBLISHED OR RARE WORKS OF LAY OR RELIGIOUS AUTHORS (XV-XVIIth CEN.)." In Historical Image of the Turk in Europe, 15th Century to the Present, 117–46. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225483-005.

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"Seed Production." In Papaya, 89–96. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18955-9.

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"Papaya: Carica papaya L." In Seed Storage of Horticultural Crops, 63–70. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439800072-13.

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Rodríguez, Sergio, Iramis Vargas, Asterio Hijuelo, Frederique Loumeto, Juan J. Silva, Jorge Pérez, Quirino Arias, et al. "Analysis of the Effect of Scarification Process on Papaya (Carica papaya Lin.) Seeds Germination." In Seed Dormancy and Germination. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88012.

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Adolph Akatsuka, Neal K. "Is the Transgene a Grave?" In Food and Power in Hawai'i. University of Hawai'i Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824858537.003.0007.

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This chapter examines the controversies that surround the introduction of transgenic papaya on Hawaii Island, in the wake of the devastation caused by the ring spot virus in the 1990s. It critically examines the respective positions of industry proponents and anti-GM activists, and cautions against the tendency of essentializing GM papayas as either a savior or harbinger of destruction. While both positions raise valid underlying concerns, they both tend to overlook the more difficult challenges of managing smallholder papaya industry in a global market. On the one hand, the benefits and costs of GM papayas are unevenly distributed. On the other hand, he sees a problem in anti-GMO activists’ push for “pure” agriculture, pointing out that the line between “pure” and “impure” and “natural” and “unnatural” are always ambiguous.
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Abdulazeez, Mansurah A., and Ibrahim Sani. "Use of Fermented Papaya (Carica papaya) Seeds as a Food Condiment, and Effects on Pre- and Post-implantation Embryo Development." In Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention, 855–63. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-375688-6.10101-x.

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Conference papers on the topic "Papaya seed"

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Anwar, M., M. G. Rasul, and N. Ashwath. "Optimization of biodiesel production process from papaya (Carica papaya) seed oil." In 2017 IEEE 7th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpesys.2017.8215935.

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Muntholib, Dwi Sulistyaningrum, Subandi, and Siti Marfu’ah. "Identification of flavonoid isolates of papaya (Carica papaya L.) seed and their activity as pancreatic lipase inhibitors." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON METALLURGY AND MATERIALS (ISMM2019): Exploring New Innovation in Metallurgy and Materials. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0003456.

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Anwar, Mohammad, Mohammad G. Rasul, Nanjappa Ashwath, and Muhammad M. K. Bhuiya. "Ternary or binary blend? A case study using papaya seed oil biodiesel." In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICME2019). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0039519.

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Ma, Ruoying, Youmei Li, Xuetian Rao, Jinhong Cai, Linhe Wu, Zheng Wang, and Bo Zhang. "ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ANALYSIS OF EXTRACTIONS OF CARICA PAPAYA SEED RESIDUE." In 2016 International Conference on Biotechnology and Medical Science. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813145870_0085.

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Nilugal, Kiran Chanabasappa, Santosh Fattepur, Visallani Veerapandian, Fadli Asmani, May Florence Dela Cruz Bacayo, Ibrahim Abdulah, and Eddy Yusuf. "Evaluation of Anti-ulcer Effect of Papaya Juice in Combination with Cumin Seed in Ethanol Induced Peptic ulcers in Experimental Rats." In Bromo Conference, Symposium on Natural Products and Biodiversity. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008358000940101.

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García-Cano, Jesús, and Lourdes Taberna Arana. "RESECCIÓN ENDOSCÓPICA DE LESIONES POLIPOIDEAS DE LA PAPILA DE VATER." In 40 Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Endoscopia Digestiva (SEED). Madrid (España): Arán Ediciones, S.L., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17235/reed.supl3vol110.1114/2018.

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Quartey, A., A. Oppong, I. Ayensu, J. Apenteng, D. Mintah, and C. Ikeani. "Synergistic in-vitro anthelmintic potentials of Vernonia amygdalina Delile stem and Carica papaya Lin. seeds." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608436.

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Hidayat, Habibi, Muhammad A. Auliya, and Revita Anggreyani. "Isolation and identification of probiotics bacteria as a producer of protease enzyme from fermentation of papaya seeds." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMISTRY, CHEMICAL PROCESS AND ENGINEERING (IC3PE). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5065044.

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Hariyanti, Rizky Arcinthya Rachmania, Mutia Karinah, and Hadi Sunaryo. "In Silico Analysis of the Phytochemical Compounds in Carica papaya Seeds for Optimizing the Inhibitors of HMG-CoA Reductase." In 1st Muhammadiyah International Conference on Health and Pharmaceutical Development. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008240501230132.

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Anwar, M., M. G. Rasul, and N. Ashwath. "A comparative study of engine performance and emission characteristics of biodiesels produced from the waste seeds of papaya and stone fruit." In 2019 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Engineering (REPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/repe48501.2019.9025112.

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