Journal articles: 'Papaya seed'

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Hasanah, Waqiatul, and Dr Dra Sukarjati M.Kes. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BIJI PEPAYA (Carica Papaya L.) DAN EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss)DAN CAMPURAN EKSTRAK BIJI PEPAYA DAN EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA TERHADAP KUALITAS SPERMATZOA MENCIT (Mus Musculus)." WAHANA 67, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/wahana.v67i2.503.

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Seeds of papaya (Carica Papaya L.) and leaves of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is an herbal plant. In papaya seeds contain of alkaloids, Papain, tannins, saponins, Triterpenoid, Flavonoids. On the part of Neem leaves contain tannins, Saponins, Triterpenoid, Flavonoids. These compounds are compounds that function as antifertility for men. This has led the authors to conduct research on the effect of seed extract of papaya (Carica Papaya L.) and the leaf extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on the quality of spermatozoa of mice (Mus muscullus). The Samples were as many as 21 mice sperm tails with a weight of 20-30 grams, 2-3 months old. Mice divided in the 3 groups, each group was divided 7 treatments. The treatment given is control, papaya seed extract, neem leaf extract and a combination of both papaya seed extract and neem leaves with a concentration of 0 mg/kg bw, 50 mg/kg bw and 100 mg/kg bw 50:50 mg/kg bw, 100: 100 mg/kg bw. 35 days for extract. On day 37 mice in surgery for cauda epididymis were taken for observation of the quality of spermatozoa of mice. This study was an experimental study using randomized block design (RAK). The Observation of the quality of spermatozoa includes motility, viability, and morphology of spermatozoa concentration by using a microscope. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) One Way. The results of this study showed that there is effect of papaya seed extract and neem leaf extract and a combination of both papaya seed extract and neem leaf on motility (P <0.05), viability (P <0.05), morphology (P <0.05) and sperm concentration (P <0.05). The results of this study concluded that neem leaf extract at a concentration of 100 mg/kg bw is the optimal treatment in reducing the viability of spermatozoa of mice. Extracts combination of papaya seeds and leaves of neem with a concentration of 100 mg/kg bw is the optimal treatment in reducing the motility and concentration of spermatozoa of mice. Papaya seed extract at a concentration of 100 mg/kg bw optimal in reducing the number of normal sperm in mice. Keywords: papaya seed extract (Carica Papaya L.), Neem Leaf Extract (Azadiracta indica A. Juss), the quality of spermatozoa of mice (Mus muscullus)

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WARDANI, FITRI FATMA, DARDA EFENDI, DINY DINARTI, and Joko Ridho Witono. "Cryopreservation of papaya seeds cv. Sukma, Callina, and Caliso: Effect of loading treatment and immersion time in plant vitrification solution-2." Nusantara Bioscience 11, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n110112.

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Abstract. Wardani FF, Efendi D, Dinarti D, Witono JR. 2019. Cryopreservation of papaya seeds cv. Sukma, Callina, and Caliso: Effect of loading treatment and immersion time in plant vitrification solution-2. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 71-78. Sukma, Callina, and Caliso are papaya cultivars released by the Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. In general, papaya seeds cannot be stored for a long time with a conventional GenBank storage system, even though some of them consider as “orthodox” class of seed. Cryopreservation, storage at an ultra-low temperature (-196 0C) of liquid nitrogen, could be possible for long-term storage of papaya seeds. The experiment conducted to get the necessary of loading treatment and the best immersion time in PVS2 for cryopreservation of papaya seeds cv. Sukma, Callina, and Caliso, so they still had considerable viability. We conducted experiment as factorial in completely randomized design, with the first factor was loading treatment with two levels (with and without loading treatment), and the second factor was immersion time in PVS2 with three levels (15, 30 and 45 min). So, there was six treatment and we used 50 seeds for each treatment. Results showed that the three papaya cultivars gave different responses to the treatment before cryopreservation proved that papayas seed had different characteristics, depending on genotype. For papaya seeds cv. Sukma, loading treatment was not needed and the best immersion time in PVS2 was 15 min. The viability of papaya seeds cv. Callina was low, so we should try another treatment before cryopreservation. For papaya seeds cv. Caliso, loading treatment was needed and the best immersion time in PVS2 was 30 min.

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Diyah, Nuzul Wahyuning, Purwanto Purwanto, Yunita Susanti, and Yuliana Kristiani Dewi. "PEMBUATAN MINYAK KELAPA SECARA ENZIMATIS DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN KULIT BUAH DAN BIJI PEPAYA SERTA ANALISIS SIFAT FISIKOKIMIANYA." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.15.2.201013.

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Enzymatic process using papain is an efficient and less expensive method for producing coconut oil. This research was conducted to produce coconut oil which meet quality requirement from Cocos Nucifera L using ripe fruit peel and seed of papaya (Carica Papaya L) as enzyme sources. The coconut oil was prepared by mixing of coconut milk and juice of papaya ripe fruit peel and/or seed; and then the oils produced and incubated for 24 hours. The physicochemical properties of the coconut oil were determined including specific gravity, water content, contaminant, Iodine number, saponification number, peroxyde number, acid number, and pelican oil. The yields of coconut oil produced by enzymatic method using those two papain sources were significantly higher than coconut oil produced by vaporization/heating method. The physicochemical properties of the coconut oil in accordance with Indonesian National Standard (SNI), but the coconut oil which was produced enzymatically using juice of papaya ripe fruit peel and seed had higher quality than those produced by heating method. Based on the physicochemical properties of the coconut oil, it concluded that ripe fruit peel of papaya was better than papaya seed as an enzyme source.

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Azhari, Azhari, Nilva Mutia, and Ishak Ishak. "PROSES EKSTRAKSI MINYAK DARI BIJI PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT n-HEKSANA." Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/jtku.v9i1.3073.

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Papaya is the most beneficial fruit for human health. In addition to the fruit that can be consumed, it turns out papaya seeds can also be used. In addition to the seeds used to be planted as well as only being waste, oil can also be obtained from papaya seeds. One method for obtaining papaya seed oil is a method of extracting heat (requires installation in the process), in general the notion of reflux is extraction with a solvent at its boiling temperature point, for a certain time and the amount of solvent adjusted to air temperature. In this research, papaya seed extraction was carried out, percent yield analysis was carried out, and heavy type analysis of papaya seed oil extraction was carried out. The purpose of this study was to study the variation in extraction time of papaya seeds with solvents on the yield of oil produced. This research was carried out by reacting papaya seeds with hexane solvents at 65 ℃. Where the weight of papaya seeds is 50 gr, and the volume of solvents varied by 300 ml, 400 ml, and 500 ml and the reaction time is 120 minutes, 150 minutes, and 180 minutes. The results showed that the largest papaya seed oil was 34.2% at a volume of 500 ml solvent for 180 minutes and a high density of 0.87 gr / ml at a volume of 500 ml solvent for 180 minutes.Keywords: Extraction, hexane, papaya seed oil, reflux

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Parhimpunan, Anwar, Haryati, and Ferry Ezra T. Sitepu. "Influence of seed skin condition, seed drying and concentrations of coconut water on seed viability of papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.)." Jurnal Pertanian Tropik 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jpt.v6i2.3177.

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Dormansi seeds was caused on the physic of seeds, embryo physiologic or a combination of those two, it is needed the seed drying and concentrations of coconut water to solved dormancy. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of seed treatment, seed drying and concentrations of coconut water on seed viability of papaya seeds, used randomized block design with three factors. The first factor is seed treatment (sarcotesta and without sarcotesta), the second factor is seed drying (2, 4 and 6 day) and the third factor is concentrations of coconut water (0, 50 and 100 %). The results showed that seeds without sarcotesta increasing seed of water doses, normal seedling percentage, vigor index, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, increased the rate of germination and reducing of not growt seedling percentage. Six days of seed drying significantly affected normal seedling percentage, vigor index and reducing of not growt seedling percentage. Fifty percents of concentration of coconut water significantly affected normal seedling percentage, vigor index and reducing of not growt seedling percentage. There is significantly affected interaction between seeds without sarcotesta and six days of seed drying to the rate of germination. There is significantly affected interaction between seeds without sarcotesta and fifty percents of concentrations of coconut water to seed of water doses. There is significantly affected interaction between seeds without sarcotesta, six days of seed drying and fifty percents of concentrations of coconut water to the rate of germination.

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Tapia-Tussell, R., A. Magaña-Alvarez, A. Cortes-Velazquez, G. Itza-Kuk, A. Nexticapan-Garcez, A. Quijano-Ramayo, R. Martin-Mex, and D. Perez-Brito. "Seed transmission of Papaya meleira virus in papaya (Carica papaya) cv. Maradol." Plant Pathology 64, no. 2 (August 14, 2014): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12279.

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Idoko, Joy Ejemen, Bukola Mary Atere, and Raphael Abiodun Adebayo. "Assessment of Insecticidal Properties of Products From Seeds of Carica papaya Against Callosobruchus Maculatus (Fabricius)." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 4 (September 12, 2018): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v6i3.13645.

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Powder and ash of Carica papaya seed extracted from riped and unriped C. papaya fruits obtained from Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure were evaluated for their insecticidal potential against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) at application rates of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0g per 20g of cowpea seeds. The experiment was carried out at the pest management laboratory of the Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management under ambient laboratory conditions of 27±20C temperature and 70±5% relative humidity. Each treatment was infested with 5 pairs of C. maculatus. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with each treatment replicated three times. Mortality of cowpea beetles were assessed at 24, 48 and 72hours post treatment. Thereafter data were collected on oviposition, adult emergence, weevil perforation index and seed germination. The results obtained indicated that adult mortality of C. maculatus increased with increasing application rates of powders and ashes of ripe and unripe C. papaya seeds. 100% mortality was observed on cowpea seeds treated with powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed at 0.8 and 1.0g application rates at 72hours post treatment. Powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed significantly reduced the oviposition potential of adult C. maculatus and caused significant reduction of damaged seeds. Highest number of seeds that germinated was recorded on the seeds treated with powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed at 0.8 and 1.0g application rates.

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Noflindawati, Noflindawati, Tri Budiyanti, and Dewi Fatria. "KERAGAMAN VIABILITAS BENIH 20 GENOTIPE PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.)." JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI 8, no. 1 (November 2, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ja.v7i2.3356.

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Germination problems in the commerce in general are the seeds will experience a period save on condition of sub optium.The seeds that have high viability and vigor which is expected to be passed on to seed derivatives that are genetically seed quality can be maintained. The study aims to determine the diversity of physiological seed quality of 20 genotypes of papaya collection Tropical Fruit Research Institute. Research conducted at the KP Sumani Balitbu Tropika 2015. Materials: 20 genotype papaya seeds. Research using a randomized block design with three replications treatment of 20 genotypes of papaya. Results of the study showed germination of 20 genotypes of papaya tested ranged from 33-93%, vigor index among 11-81%, the maximum growth potential of among 16-100%, and the plant fresh weight ranges from 0.5 - 15 g. Genetic diversity germination, the seeds of papaya is very high. Characters germination, vigor index and wet weights, the character is inherited as too high the heritability

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Sugiharto, Sugiharto. "Papaya (Carica papaya L.) seed as a potent functional feedstuff for poultry – A review." August-2020 13, no. 8 (2020): 1613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1613-1619.

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The steady increase in the price of protein feed ingredients and the retraction of antibiotics from diets has encouraged nutritionists to search the alternatives for protein source and functional feedstuffs that can substitute the role of antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production. With crude protein of 24-30%, in vitro protein digestibility of 80% and proportion of essential amino acids of 47%, seed from ripe papaya may be exploited as the alternative protein feed ingredient for poultry. Moreover, the growth promoting effect, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities, and immunomodulatory and antioxidative activities may confirm the potential of papaya seed as a functional feedstuff that could replace the role of antibiotic growth promoters for poultry. The in-depth study is needed to further elucidate the functionalities of papaya seed on poultry. This review provides the updates on the nutritional contents of papaya seed, the potential of papaya seed as an alternative to conventional protein-rich ingredient, the growth-promoting effect of feeding papaya seed, the antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities of papaya seed, antioxidative activities of papaya seed, and the immunomodulatory activity of papaya seed on poultry.

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Wiryawan, Reryd Arindany, Reny I'tishom, and Sri Purwaningsih. "PAPAYA SEED EXTRACT LOWERS SPERM CONCENTRATIONS, MOTILITY AND VIABILITY IN MALE MICE." Folia Medica Indonesiana 51, no. 4 (November 15, 2016): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v51i4.2855.

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Indonesia is a developing country with a dense population, so the government carry on KB (Family Planning) program in which the targets are mostly women. Contraceptives are intended for women are birth control pills and IUD (Intra Uterine Device), whereas until now the contraceptive for men who are considered well-established are condom and vasectomy. Thus, the development of herbal medicine, which is cheap and affordable, makes it possible to be consumed in a long term with less meaningful side effects. Papaya seeds (Carica papaya) is one of the many plants used by communities to eradicate intestinal worms, menstrual laxative, and abortivum. Empirically papaya fruit, leaves, and seeds of papaya also contains carpaine, an alkaloid which is used as anthelmintic. Papaya seeds, which are edible and spicy in India are used for contraception. Alkaloid content in seeds of papaya can be antifertility herbal plants for males that can be measured from the quality of spermatozoa. Alkaloid compounds contained in papaya seeds can disrupt the hormone testosterone, which would interfere the sperm quality, making papaya seed potential to become a candidate for contraceptive.

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Khan, Shafiya, Anand P. Tyagi, and Anjeela Jokhan. "Sex Ratio in Hawaiian Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Variety ‘Solo’." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 20, no. 1 (2002): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp02005.

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Fruits from hermaphrodite Hawaiian varieties are of medium size and preferred by consumers all over the world. Seeds obtained from the fruits of selfed hermaphrodite plants produce almost two third hermaphrodite plants and one-third pistillate plants. These plants can not be identified before the onset of flowering. However, there are conflicting reports in scientific literature on sex ratios obtained from selfed seeds from fruits of hermaphrodite plants. Sex ratios of hermaphrodite, pistillate and staminate plants were determined using seeds from selfed hermaphrodite fruits of a Hawaiian papaya (Carica papaya) variety ?solo?. Bagging flowers on hermaphrodite plants during flowering season to avoid contamination from foreign pollen produced self-seeds. Seeds from fruits of many bagged hermaphrodite flowers were pooled together and grown in large plots. A total of 2633 plants were grown and evaluated for their specific sex at the onset of flowering. Of these 1838 were counted as hermaphrodite, 783 pistillate and only 12 staminate plants. This gave a ratio of 2.34 hermaphrodite plants : 1: pistillate plants ignoring 12 staminate plants. This obtained ratio is in disagreement with earlier reported ratio of 2 hermaphrodite plants : 1 pistillate : 1 non-viable zygotes. However, no viable male progeny was reported from hermaphrodite selfed seeds in earlier studies. One of the explanations for the observed changed ratio could be biased seed selection from the seed lot used for planting.

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Rohini, C., P. S. Geetha, R. Vijayalakshmi, and M. L. Mini. "Phytochemicals characterization of nutraceutical enriched fruits and nuts spread." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, SI (July 19, 2021): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13isi.2810.

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The present study aimed to formulate a nutraceutical enriched fruits and nuts spreads and analyze the presence of phytochemicals in the formulated spread. The pumpkin seeds and cucumber seeds were roasted at 150° C for 15 mins and made into powder. The seed powder was mixed to the pulp of ?-carotene rich fruits like mango, papaya and muskmelon in order to make fruits and nuts spread. Treatments like Mango with pumpkin seed powder (T1), Papaya with pumpkin seed powder (T2), Muskmelon with pumpkin seed powder (T3), Mango with cucumber seed powder (T4), Papaya with cucumber seed powder (T5) and Muskmelon with cucumber seed powder (T6). The fruits and nuts spreads were analyzed for the presence of phytochemicals ?-carotene, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The formulated fruits and nuts spreads were packed in polypropylene boxes, glass bottles and stored under refrigerated condition at 4°C. ?-carotene content was found to be high (634.21?g/g) in Mango with Pumpkin seed powder spread (T1), tannin content was higher (52.61 mg/g) in Papaya with Pumpkin seed powder spread (T2), flavonoid components were higher (3.25 mg/g) in Mango with Pumpkin seed powder spread (T1), and polyphenols content were found to be high (59.33 mg/g) in Papaya with Cucumber seed powder spread (T5). The antioxidant property was high in the Mango with Pumpkin seed powder spread (T1) when compared to all other treatments. Pumpkin seeds comprised of excellent amount of bioactive compounds. The pumpkin seed incorporated spread showed a high level of phytochemicals when compared to other spreads. This was ready to eat spread which had 3 months of shelf life under refrigerated condition is preferred for people of all age groups.

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Wood, Christopher B., Hugh W. Pritchard, and Dilip Amritphale. "Desiccation-induced dormancy in papaya (Carica papayaL.) seeds is alleviated by heat shock." Seed Science Research 10, no. 2 (June 2000): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500000143.

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AbstractThe effects of desiccation and temperature on the germination capabilityof Carica papayaL. were investigated for seeds extracted from three commercial fruit batches. More than 50% of freshly isolated, cleaned (sarcotesta removed) but undried seeds germinated at 26°C. However, desiccation to approx. 20%seed RH reduced germination at this temperature to < 10%. A substantial increase in germination at alternating temperatures (33/19°C) indicated that desiccation induced seed dormancy rather than viability loss. Dormancy could be removed in a large proportion of the population by the application of a single heat shock to rehydrated seeds for 4 h at 36°C, with subsequent return to 26°C for germination. Longer (days) and shorter (minutes) periods of heat shock were less effective for releasing dormancy. Heat shock was generally applied 5 or 14 d after rehydration had started, but the treatment was equally effective after imbibition for only 1 d. Light was always applied during both imbibition and the post-heat shock treatment, but was not essential during the actual heat shock treatment. Rehydration and post-heat shock temperature treatments in the range of 16°C to 36°C revealed the same optima of 26°C. Dormancy was re-imposed in heat-shocked seeds when they were subsequently dried to seed relative humidities of 25 to 75%(5 to 11% moisture content [fresh weight basis]), but this state could be removed by a further heat shock. The longer heat-shocked seeds were held on agar-water at 26°C prior to re-drying, the greater the level of desiccation intolerance.

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Priandini, Dyah, Muhamad Rahmad Suhartanto, and Abdul Qadir. "Pengembangan Metode Pengusangan Cepat Fisik Benih Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)." Comm. Horticulturae Journal 2, no. 3 (January 7, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/chj.2.3.7-15.

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Development of papaya fruit production is influenced by the availability of seed quality. High seed quality is maintained during seed storage. Estimation of vigor in relation to storability can be detected by accelerated aging test. This research aims to develop physicall accelerated aging test by, 1)determine the impact of physical accelerated aging on vigor and viability parameters on papaya seed variety Callina and Sukma, 2) determine the levels of seed moisture content and effective period of physicall accelerated aging to predict vigor of papaya seed. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology and Green House Leuwikopo, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB in January-May 2016 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seeds aged by the aging equipment MPC IPB 77-1 MMM. The results showed that the aging time decreased germination value in papaya seed variety Callina and Sukma with equation y=-0.1389x3+3.3333x2–25.25x+81.5 and y=0.0171x3+0.2028x2-9.9956x+81.095. Effective imbibition is 96 hour with moisture content 63-70% in both varieties. The effective of aging time treatment at 0x4, 1x4, 2x4, 3x4, dan 4x4 minutes.Keywords:imbibition, moisture content, viability, vigor

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Fajriyah, Shinta Nur, Yuliana Eka Lestari, Nadiatul Istiqamah Suaka, and Endang Darmawan. "Narrative Review: Nano Kapsul Ekstrak Biji papaya (Carica Papaya L.) sebagai Antifertilitas." Jurnal Surya Medika 6, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v6i2.1688.

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Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) is a plant commonly found in Indonesia. Interestingly, its seeds traditionally used as antifertility. All parts of the Carica Papaya tree can be used for human needs from the fruit, leaves, seeds, sap, and stems. Carica Papaya seed extract contains secondary metabolite compounds in class Triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins which have functioned as antifertility. Nanocapsule is an innovation of nanoparticle dosage form with small particle size, that can accelerate the drug to the target. This Narrative Review purposed to determine the usefulness of the nanocapsules of Carica Papaya seed extract as antifertility. This research is a Narrative Review. A total of 36 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed descriptively, which include the efficacy of Carica Papaya, nanocapsules, and antifertility. The articles used include articles published in national journals and international journals. The result of the Narrative Review is presented in descriptive form. The results of the research show that Carica Papaya can be used traditionally to treat skin diseases, diarrheal disease, overcoming digestive disorders, and by research can be used as antifertility, The size of the nanoparticles obtained in the study ranged from 76.47 nm to 693.8 nm, and Carica Papaya seed extract is used as an antifertility by reducing sperm quantity, semen pH, spermatogenesis process, interfering the action of pituitary gonads, by preclinical reducing the number of ovum quality and the number of de Graff Follicles in female mice. Overall, it can be concluded that Carica Papaya nanocapsules in particle sizes between 76.46 nm to 693.8 nm can be used as antifertility that preclinically can affect the reproduction of female and male mice.

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Purushothaman M, Soujanya H, Jagadeeshwari S, and Shiva Kumar K. "Analysis of papaya plant sample for antispermatogenic properties." International Journal of Pharmacometrics and Integrated Biosciences 5, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijpib.v5i2.1371.

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To advance new proof about the counter ripeness action of seeds concentrate of papaya (Carica papaya L.) in test creatures, particularly mice. Male mice (n=20) were assembled into four. The principal bunch got just purified water containing 1% CMC as the controller. Gathering 2, 3 and 4 sequentially got papaya seed concentrate of 2, 4 and 8mg/40 g body weight. All conduct regulated verbally utilizing abdominal sonde once every day for 35 days. Revision boundaries surveyed cell checks, the distance across and epithelial chunkiness of seminiferous tubules of the testis. Even though the aftereffects of exploration on the antifertility action of papaya seed separate demonstrated an optimistic pattern, yet in-depth confirmation impacts plant arrangements on investigation animals is obligatory suggested World Health Organization. This examination is proposed to advance novel proof counter fruitfulness movement of papaya seed removes in guinea pigs, particularly mice. There is no substantial diverse in the number of spermatogonia among treatment gatherings: spermatocyte and spermatid cells fundamentally diminished by the excerpt, particularly at the most elevated portion. Moreover, the breadth and epithelial thickness of seminiferous tubules of testis are significantly decreased by the concentrate at the portion of 8 mg/40g body weight. Papaya seeds separate as possible to be utilized as against ripeness operator.

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Zhou, Kaibing, Hui Wang, Wenli Mei, Xiaona Li, Ying Luo, and Haofu Dai. "Antioxidant Activity of Papaya Seed Extracts." Molecules 16, no. 8 (July 25, 2011): 6179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules16086179.

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Ashmore, S. E., R. A. Drew, C. O'Brien, and A. Parisi. "CRYOPRESERVATION OF PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) SEED: OVERCOMING DORMANCY AND OPTIMIZING SEED DESICCATION AND STORAGE CONDITIONS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 839 (July 2009): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.839.28.

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S R, Maneesha, and Priya Devi S. "Effect of Calcium Nitrate and Potassium Nitrate Priming on Seed Germination and Seedling Vigour of Papaya (Carica papaya L.)." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.2019.v14i02.010.

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The effect of seed priming with calcium nitrate Ca (NO3)2 and potassium nitrate (KNO3) on germination and seedling vigour were studied in papaya varieties. Open pollinated local (gauty) papaya seeds were soaked in Ca (NO3)2 and KNO3 solutions (10000 ppm, 15000 ppm and 20000 ppm) up to 24 hours and germination percentage and seedling characteristics were recorded. The least number of days taken for seed germination (4.33 days), the highest germination percentage (82.56 % ), the highest shoot length (14.31 cm) the highest fresh biomass (1.36 g) and dry biomass (0.174 g) were recorded in 10000 ppm Ca(NO3)2 treatment. Further, seeds of papaya varieties viz., Arka Surya, Arka Prabhat and Madhu bindhu were treated with 5000 ppm, 10000 ppm and 15000 ppm Ca (NO3)2 and observed that Arka Prabhat seeds treated with 10000 ppm Ca (NO3)2 hadtaken the least number of days for germination (4.75 days) and also the highest shoot length (25.2 cm). The results of the experiment proved the significant effect of calcium ions over potassium ions on papaya seed germination and seedling vigour.

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Rachmatika, Rini, and Siti Nuramaliati Prijono. "POTENSI BIOLOGI BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KINERJA ITIK RAJA." Buletin Peternakan 39, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v39i2.6717.

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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of papaya seed in feed on Raja duck’s performance. Experimental animals were 72 birds of 7 days old Raja ducks. Variables observed were feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Experiment was assigned in one way of Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and three replication (six birds each). The treatments diets were T0 = basal diets without papaya seed, T1=0.3%, T2=0.6%, and T3=1.2% papaya seed. Dietary treatment were provided until 45 days of age. Data were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS 16.0 and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test for all significant results at 5% level of probability. Result showed that feeding diets with 1.2% papaya seed supplementation reduced feed intake but increased body weight gain, resulted in better feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). It might indicate that papaya seed has potency to improve performance of Raja ducks.(Key words: Duck, Feed conversion ratio, Papaya seed, Performance)

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Satriyasa, Bagus Komang. "Unripe Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seed Hexane Fraction Extract Inhibits Male Mice (Mus musculus) Spermatogenesis Stronger Than Unripe Papaya Seed Methanolic Extract." Bali Medical Journal 5, no. 2 (June 20, 2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v5i2.224.

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Ahmed, Zubair, and Shobha Kamble. "Antinociceptive Action of the Seeds of Carica Papaya Linn Extracted in Aqueous Medium in Mice." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 1 (March 25, 2018): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1363.

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To study the antinociceptive action of the seeds of carica papaya linn extracted in aqueous medium (CPE) in mice. The Carica Papaya aqueous seed extract was evaluated for its antinociceptive effect in mice by producing writhing using acetic acid. One hour after administration of mice with the test, control and the standard drugs the mice were given 0.2 ml of acetic acid (3%) solution intraperitoneally to produce writhing. The number of constrictions of abdominal muscles induced along with extending and jerking of the hind limb were counted from 5 to 15 minutes. The response of the mice treated with the carica papaya aqueous seed extract and that of the standard drug treated groups were compared with those of the mice in the control group. Percentage inhibition of the writhing movements in mice was considered as an index of analgesic effect. The Carica Papaya aqueous seed extract reduced the number of writhing in test group 5 (CPE 400 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) in comparison to the control group. Percentage inhibition in test group 5 (60.8%) was comparable to the percentage inhibition in the standard drug (diclofenac) group (70.3%). The Carica Papaya aqueous seed extract showed significant antinociceptive effect in mice.

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Radiastuti, Nani, Reno Fitri, and Gusniar Berty. "Potency of Papaya Seed Powder (Carica papaya L.) as Chicken Meat and Shrimp Preservative." Jurnal Biodjati 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v5i2.9267.

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Chicken meat and shrimp are perishable food materials. Giving natural preservatives is one way to extend the storage time of food. This study aimed to know the potential of papaya seed powder varieties of ‘Bangkok’ and ‘California’ as preservatives. The sample consisted of two varieties of papaya seed powder with concentrations of 2,4,6 and 8 g. Storage time for chicken meat and shrimp was the third days. Parameters measured were total bacterial colonies, pH va-lues, and organoleptic characteristics (color, aroma and texture) of fresh chicken meat and shrimp. The result showed papaya seed pow-der influences the quality of chicken meat and shrimp. fresh chicken meat and shrimp with papaya seed powder varieties ‘Bangkok’ and ‘California’ had a lower total bacterial colony as much as 9 x 105 until 1x106 compared to control which were 4.2 x 107 - 1.87 x 107. Organoleptic result of chicken meat and shrimp with the treatment of papaya seed powder and stored for three days continue to decrease in term of color, aroma and texture. In chicken meat, the decrease in bacterial growth was still within the limits of microorganism con-tamination quality in animal-based food. However, the same con-centrations of papaya seed powder in the shrimp have not been able to reduce bacterial growth until the limit permitted by SNI.

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Iordănescu, Olimpia Alina, Maria Băla, Dina Gligor (Pane), Simelda Elena Zippenfening, Marius Ioan Cugerean, Mircea Ionuţ Petroman, Daniel Ioan Hădărugă, Nicoleta Gabriela Hădărugă, and Mircea Riviş. "A DPPH· Kinetic Approach on the Antioxidant Activity of Various Parts and Ripening Levels of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Ethanolic Extracts." Plants 10, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081679.

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Papaya fruits (Carica papaya L.) are valuable both as food, including concentrates and mixed beverages and in traditional medicine. The goal of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of various parts of unripe and ripe papaya fruit from the DPPH· kinetics point of view. Peel, pulp, seed, and seed-pulp of unripe and ripe papaya fruits (¼ and >¾ level of ripening) were extracted with ethanol and monitored at 517 nm in the presence of DPPH·. The radical scavenging capacity (RSC) at various time ranges and DPPH· reaction rates for specific time intervals were determined. The highest RSC values were obtained for papaya pulp extracts, consistently higher for the ripe samples in comparison with the unripe ones (86.4% and 41.3%). The DPPH· rates significantly differ for the unripe and ripe papaya extracts, especially for the first time range. They are more than double for the ripe papaya. These values were 2.70, 4.00, 3.25, 2.75 μM/s for the peel, pulp, seed, seed-pulp extracts from the ripe papaya and only 1.00, 1.65, 1.40, 1.80 μM/s for the unripe samples. DPPH· kinetic approach can be useful for a fast and simple evaluation of the overall antioxidant properties of fruit extracts.

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P., L. Saran, Choudhary R., S. Solanki I., and R. Kumar P. "New fruit and seed disorders in Papaya (Carica papaya L.) in India." African Journal of Biotechnology 13, no. 4 (January 22, 2014): 574–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2013.13364.

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Rahmasari, R., R. T. Hertamawati, A. K. Rafli, and B. A. Nugraha. "Addition of papaya (Carica papaya L.) seed meal on quail production performance." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 672, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/672/1/012040.

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Botelho, Silvia de Carvalho Campos, Silvaldo Felipe da Silveira, Roberto Ferreira da Silva, and Alexandre Pio Viana. "Chemical treatment of papaya seeds aiming at long-term storage and control of damping off." Revista Ceres 61, no. 3 (June 2014): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-737x2014000300013.

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Damping off is a nursery disease of great economic importance in papaya and seed treatment may be an effective measure to control. The aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of papaya seeds treated with fungicides and stored under two environmental and packaging conditions. Additionally, the efficiency of fungicide treatments in the control of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani was evaluated. Papaya seeds were treated with the fungicides Captan, Tolylfluanid and the mixture Tolylfluanid + Captan (all commercial wettable powder formulations). Seeds of the control group were not treated. The seeds were stored for nine months in two conditions: packed in aluminum coated paper and kept at 7 ± 1ºC and in permeable kraft paper and kept in non-controlled environment. At the beginning of the storage and every three months the seed quality (germination and vigor tests), emergence rate index, height, dry mass and damping of plants in pre and post-emergence (in contaminated substrate and mycelia-free substrate) were analyzed. Both storage conditions as well as the fungicide treatments preserved the germination and seed vigor. In the infested substrate, seedling emergence was favored by fungicides, but in post-emergence, fungicides alone did not control the damping off caused by R. solani. Symptoms of damping off were not observed in the clean substrate. The results showed that the fungicide treatments may be used to pretreat papaya seed for long-term storage and commercialization.

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Wulansari, Devyani Diah, Achmad Basori, and Suhartati Suhartati. "Effect of Papaya Seed Extract (Carica papaya Linn.) on Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT 4) Expression of Skeletal Muscle Tissue in Diabetic Mice Induced by High Fructose Diet." Majalah Obat Tradisional 22, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/tradmedj.27926.

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Ethnobotany surveys show that papaya seeds are widely used as herbs for the management of some diseases such as abdominal discomfort, pain, malaria, diabetes, obesity, and infection. This research was conducted to analyze the effect of papaya seed extract on GLUT4 expression on skeletal muscle tissue of DM type II model induced by high fructose diet. This study used 24 animals, divided into 4 groups of negative control group, treated with papaya seed extract 100 mg / kgBB, 200 mg / kgBW and 300 mg / kgBW, was adapted for 14 days then induced by fructose solution 20% Orally with a dose of 1.86 grams / kgBB for 56 days. The treatment group was given papaya seed extract in accordance with the dose of each group for 14 days. GDP levels was measured using a spectrophotometer. Skeletal muscle tissue is used on the gastrocnemius part. GLUT4 expression was measured through a Immunoreactive Score (IRS) method with immunohistochemical staining using GLUT4 polyclonal antibodies. Comparative test results showed that there were significant differences between groups (p <0.05) in final GDP variables and GLUT4 expression. Pearson correlation test results show that the value p = 0.001, meaning there is a significant relationship between GLUT4 expression with final GDP levels. The result of simple linear regression analysis showed that p = 0,000 (<0,05), meaning that dose of papaya seed extract had a significant influence on GLUT4 expression.

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Manshardt, Richard M., Cathy Mello, Sharon D. Lum, and Leanne Ta. "Tracking Papaya Pollen Movement with the GUS Transgene Marker." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1094D—1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1094d.

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Genetically engineered (GE), virus-resistant papaya cultivars in Hawaii are easily identified by a colorimetric assay for the β-glucuronidase (GUS) marker transgene. We used GUS to track pollen movement from a central 1-acre plot of gynodioecious GE `Rainbow' plants into seeds on surrounding border rows of non-GE `Sunrise' papaya. GUS evidence of cross-pollination occurred in 70% of female plants (43% of assayed seeds), compared with only 13% of the predominantly self-pollinating hermaphrodite plants (7% of seeds) segregating in the gynodioecious `Sunrise' border rows. The percentage of GUS+ seeds in border row plants showed a weak negative correlation (r = –0.32) with distance from the nearest GE tree (30 m maximum). In a non-GE papaya field located less than a mile downwind from the `Rainbow' source, no evidence of GUS was found in 1000 assayed seeds. In a separate study, the origin of GUS+ seed discovered in papaya fruits from an organic farm was investigated. Leaf GUS assays revealed that 70% of trees were GE, indicating that the grower had planted GE seed. The impact of pollen drift from GE trees in the same field was determined by screening seed samples from 20 non-GE hermaphrodites for GUS expression. Only three hermaphrodites (15%) showed GUS+ seeds, at low levels ranging from 3% to 6% of contaminated samples. These data indicate that the major source of GE contamination in organic fields is seeds of unverified origin, rather than pollen drift from neighboring GE fields. Organic growers are advised to: 1) plant only seed that is known to be non-GE, preferably obtained by manual self-pollination of selected non-GE hermaphrodites; 2) avoid open-pollinated seed; and 3) grow only hermaphrodite (self-pollinating) trees, removing any female or male plants from production fields.

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Dias, Denise Cunha Fernandes Dos Santos, Wagner Tompson Estanislau, Fernando Luiz Finger, Eveline Mantovani Alvarenga, and Luiz Antônio Dos Santos Dias. "Physiological and enzymatic alterations in papaya seed during storage." Revista Brasileira de Sementes 32, no. 1 (2010): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222010000100017.

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This study was done to evaluate the physiological and enzymatic alterations in papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds during storage period. Seeds were extracted from mature fruits of Formosa group papaya hybrid Tainung 01. The sarcotesta was removed by rubbing the seeds on a wire screen under running water and then dried to the moisture content (MC) of 5, 8 or 11% The seeds were packed in multilayer paper bags, polyethylene bags, aluminum foil pouch and metallic canisters and stored for 15 months under laboratory conditions. Seeds were evaluated, at three month interval, for MC, germination, and the activity of acid phosphotase (AP) and malate dehyrogenase (MDH) was evaluated with the use of amide gel (12%) electrophoresis. The fresh seeds had post-harvest dormancy, which was broken after six month storage. Independent of the package type, the seeds could be stored for 12 months with 8 or 11% MC under ambient conditions. There was no association between seed deterioration and alterations in AP and MDH activity.

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Ghaffarilaleh, V., D. Fisher, and R. Henkel. "Carica papaya seed extract slows human sperm." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 241 (September 2019): 111972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.111972.

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Pratiwi, Tri Ayu, Muhamad Rahmad Suhartanto, and Abdul Qadir. "Pengembangan Metode Pengusangan Cepat Kimia pada Benih Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)." Comm. Horticulturae Journal 2, no. 3 (January 7, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/chj.2.3.1-6.

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Indonesia needs quality improvement for papaya fruits to increase its exportquantity and value. Seed quality is one that affect quality of fruits. Estimation of vigor storability is necessary for maintaining seed quality. Chemical accelerated aging method using ethanol has several advantages in predicting vigor storabilityof seeds. Seed aging (devigoration) during the aging process affected by soaking duration and aging duration. This research aims to determine the optimum soaking duration dan aging duration for chemical accelerated aging on papaya seed. This research consists of two experiments. Experiment 1 is determination of aging duration with treatment 0, 1x30, 2x30, 3x30, and 4x30 minutes aging. Experiment 2 is determination of soaking duration with treatment 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours soaking. Experiment 1 showed that aging duration 48 minutes can reduce 50% germination of Callina papaya seed. Experiment 2 showed that the optimum soaking duration is 48 hours. This method produces germination before aging 77.1% and after aging 38.4% with angle of regression line 38.9° and moisture content about 64-66%.Keywords: callina, devigoration, ethanol, germination, soaking duration

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Deb, P., A. Das, S. K. Ghosh, and C. P. Suresh. "IMPROVEMENT OF SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) THROUGH DIFFERENT PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 851 (January 2010): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.851.48.

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Andreoli, Claudinei, and Anwar A. Khan. "Improving Papaya Seedling Emergence by Matriconditioning and Gibberellin Treatment." HortScience 28, no. 7 (July 1993): 708–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.7.708.

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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds germinated poorly at 25C in the presence of gibberellin (GA4+7) or following matriconditioning at 25C for 4 days. However, a combined treatment of matriconditioning and GA4+7 for 4 days synergistically promoted germination and seedling emergence. Drying the seeds after conditioning reduced the percentage of seedling emergence in the combined treatment involving 400 μm GA4+7 only. Combining matriconditioning with 100 or 200 μm GA4+7could effectively reduce germination time and improve seedling emergence and is recommended as a standard procedure for testing papaya seed germination.

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Pusporini, Ratih, Ahmad Basori, and Agung Krismariono. "Anti-inflammatory role of papaya seed extracts in inhibiting osteoclastogenesis of rats with Periodontitis." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 4, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.26829.

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Some previous studies mentioned that papaya seed extract has anti-inflammatory activity because it contains polyphenols including phenolic and flavonoid acids. Polyphenols of the papaya seed extracts are known to inhibit the severity of periodontitis. It can prevent the release of excessive osteoclastogenesis which may promote bone resorption aggravating periodontitis. Hence, this study aims to determine the role of papaya seed extract in reducing the number of osteoclasts in rats with periodontitis. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of induced periodontitis using lipopolisakarida (LPS) Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. Gingivalis) and followed by wire ligature in “8” placed around the mandible mandibular incisor. The first group was given standard food without any papaya extract, while each rat in three other groups with periodontitis (P2, P3, P4) was given with Papaya seed extracts of 200 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, and 400 mg/kgBW. Seven rats in one group were not induced by periodontitis and were fed with standard food as a control group. On the 30th day, the rat was sacrificed, and its transverse pieces of alveolar bone around the mandibular incisor were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. The data analyzed by one way ANOVA indicated a significant result. Thus, it is conclusive that extract of papaya seed ethanol inhibited osteoclastogenesis in Wistar rats induced with periodontitis.

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Sriwongras, Piyapong, and Petr Dostál. "Efficiency Test and Economic Analysis of Seeder for Papaya-sowing Tray." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 1 (2014): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462010239.

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The objective of this project was to develop the seeder for sowing tray to reduce the labor cost and the operation time for preparing sowing tray. Papaya seeds were selected for test on this machine. The sowing tray used for test has 60 cells per one tray. The dimensions of seeder developed have a width of 1,044 mm, a length of 679 mm. and a height of 1,348 mm. The important components of machine consisted of seed hopper, seed metering device, seed releasing units, soil compressing units and depth controlling units. The seed metering device was established by plastic sheet. The plastic rods cut into keyway along its axis for keeping seeds were inserted into the seed metering device in order to convey the seeds from the seed hopper to the flexible tube. The flexible tubes brought the seeds into seed releasing units located under the part of seed metering device in order to drop the seeds 1–2 seeds per cell of sowing tray. The seed metering devices were set 3 units, 1 unit for releasing seeds on 20 cells of sowing tray, on the seeder frame. Chain drive mechanism was set to drive the system for releasing seeds on sowing tray. The efficiency test of releasing seed on sowing tray of this seeder was equal to 79%. For operation time of releasing seeds on sowing tray, Comparing between this seeder and human hand found that the sowing by the seeder was 7.88 times quicker than the sowing by human hand. In parts of economic analysis of seeder, breakeven point, payback period and benefit cost ration were considered for economic analysis. Their results found that were 152,050 trays, 0.03 year and 3.05 respectively. Therefore, the seeder of papaya sowing tray developed is suitable for using in local farmers in Thailand.

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Zhou, Lili, and Robert E. Paull. "Sucrose Metabolism During Papaya (Carica papaya) Fruit Growth and Ripening." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 126, no. 3 (May 2001): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.3.351.

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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit flesh and seed growth, fruit respiration, sugar accumulation, and the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), and acid invertase (AI) were determined from anthesis for ≈150 days after anthesis (DAA), the full ripe stage. Sugar began to accumulate in the fruit flesh between 100 and 140 DAA, after seed maturation had occurred. SPS activity remained low throughout fruit development. The activity of SS was high 14 DAA and decreased to less than one-fourth within 56 DAA, then remained constant during the remainder of fruit development. AI activity was low in young fruit and began to increase 90 DAA and reached a peak more than 10-fold higher, 125 DAA, as sugar accumulated in the flesh. Results suggest that SS and AI are two major enzymes that may determine papaya fruit sink strength in the early and late fruit development phases, respectively. AI activity paralleled sugar accumulation and may be involved in phloem sugar unloading.

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Yandri, Octavianus, and Wahyuning Setyani. "OPTIMIZATION OF CARBOPOL 940 AND PROPYLENE GLYCOL CONCENTRATION ON THE CHARACTERISTIC AND INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT GEL OF PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.) SEEDS AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community 18, no. 1 (June 2, 2021): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/jpsc.002562.

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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds and saponins have been proven its synergistic effect in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. In this research, ethanol extract of papaya seeds was formulated in gel preparations. Optimization of the composition of the gelling agent and humectant was carried out to obtain the gel preparation of papaya seed ethanol extract with good physical properties and stability. The parameters used to determine the stability of the preparation are Physical properties which include viscosity, spreadability, and percentage of viscosity shift. Data analysis was performed using Design-Expert software version 12 and SPSS. The inhibitory activity test was carried out by the disk-diffusion agar method with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 as the test bacteria. The results of the inhibitory activity test of papaya seed ethanol extract at a concentration of 20% had moderate activity and at concentrations of 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% classified as strong against the Staphylococcus aureus. Carbopol 940 is dominant factor in influencing the response of viscosity (92.504%) and spreadability (59.539%). Preparations with good physical properties and stability were obtained on the use of carbopol 940 and propylene glycol as much as 1.06604 grams and 13.2146 grams respectively.

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Saputra, Agus, Dewi Fesbayati Lestari Djungu, and Emerlinda P. Gelalan. "Aktivitas Larvasidal Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya) dan Daun Mindi (Mella Azedarach)." JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER 7, no. 1 (June 11, 2019): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v7i1.869.

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Helminthiasis is an adverse disease. This disease is caused by parasites such as trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. The search for bioactive compounds from various plants that have anthelmintic activity is carried out by various researchers. Papaya seeds and mindi leaf have been known as a good plants for health. Various studies shown that extracts water, ethanol and chloroform have activity for antimicrobial, antilipidemia, antidiabetic and antiparasitic. In this study the extraction of secondary metabolites from mindi leaf and papaya seeds was carried out for larvicidal activity. From the results of extraction with ethanol, the yields of mindi leaf and papaya seeds were obtained 19.97% and 12.97% respectively. Phytochemical analysis shows that both extracts have the same class of compounds tannins, saponins, phenolhydroquinones, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The difference is in the concentration of tannin and saponin mindi leaf higher than papaya seeds. In testing larvicidal activity, the extract of mindi leaf had a stronger activity compared to papaya seeds. Extract mindi leaf 15% has the strongest activity of killing larvae at ± 25 minutes. This activity is stronger than extract papaya seed 15% which is ± 125 minutes or with albendazole 0.03%, ± 46 minutes

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Efendi, Darda, Muhamad Rahmat Suhartanto, Muhamad Syukur, and Sulassih ,. "Seleksi Populasi Generasi Ke-2 (F2) Hasil Persilangan Pepaya Callina (IPB9) dan Carisya (IPB3)." Comm. Horticulturae Journal 1, no. 1 (August 7, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/chj.1.1.1-7.

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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is known as valuable fruit, because of it high nutrientcontent and economic value. Hybrid variety of papayaresultedfrom breeding program is still limited in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to describethe second generation of papaya population generated from crossing between Callina (IPB9) and Carisya (IPB3) to find a new genotype in the small size of fruit (500-700 g). Path analysis is used for weight, width, length, total soluble solution (TSS), flesh width, seed weight, total acidity, vitamin C, and weight of 100 dry seed. The fruit length, fruit width, flesh width, and seed weight showed positive correlation on fruit weight but total soluble solution (TSS) and seed weight had negative correlation. Fruit length give highest (0.64) direct effect on fruit weight then followed by fruit width (0.32) and seed weight (0.22).These characters can be used for selection trait on small size of papaya (500-750 g). The second generation population at Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies have the opportunity become a new variety.Keywords: length, path analysis, weight, width

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Ichsan, Faryska Nur, Djoko Purnomo, and Linajanti Darsana. "Penggunaan Sari Umbi Bawang Merah pada Pembibitan Pepaya." Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi 15, no. 1 (March 11, 2013): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v15i1.34802.

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People awareness toward nutritious food through the consumption of fruit is rising. Therefore, it needs the increasing of seed availability, either from the planting expansion or cultivation technology development. The productive life of papaya is around 3 years, so the rejuvenate of plant takes relatively quickly. However, the obstacle occurred comes from the adequate life of seed availability and the limitedness of homogeneous seed. Therefore, young seed forced to be used in the field will cause the growth of the plant not in unison. Moreover, it is also not profitable if it is considered from the cultivation of seedlings, since the price of the seed will be cheaper. This research aims to get papaya’s seed which can grow fast and uniformly using growth stimulant substance just like gibberellins that is easy to get and cheap. The experiment studies using concentrations of union juice as the substance to soak the planting material seed of papaya before it is planted. The test of durability and germination speed toward 10 seeds on opaque paper in a petri dish germination medium which the diameter is 11,5 cm. The experiment of seeds growth uses completely randomized design (RAL) in a factor of water treatment, the concentration of union juice is 5, 10, 15, and 20 ml l-1, and 10 ppm gibberellin. Every treatment (experimental unit) consists of 8 seeds planted on the traypot (combination of plastic pots, which each size about: on the surface and high 5,5x5, 5x5,5 cm, pots base 2,5x2,5 cm, an each traypot consists of 32 pots). Thus, there were 8 unit experiments for each traypot, and every single unit of experiments is repeated 3 times. Traypot and petri dish are put beneath the roof in the terrace protected by paranet 65% with 2,5x1,5x2,0 m (length, width, and height) in size. The union juice which is potential is used as the substitute of plant growth regulators gibberellins in papaya seedling. The response of papaya seed toward union juice with 15 ml l-1 concentration is equal to 10 ppm gibberellin, occurred in germination (durability and speed of germination) and the seed growth (the root length, the stem diameter, number of leaves, and biomass weight).

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Junior, João Luciano de Andrade Melo, Luan Danilo Ferreira de Andrade Melo, Leila de Paula Rezende, Vilma Marques Ferreira, João Correia de Araújo Neto, Vinicius Santos Gomes da Silva, Reinaldo de Alencar Paes, Lívia Francyne Gomes Chaves, Priscila Cordeiro Souto, and Rafael José Navas da Silva. "Physiological maturation and postharvest resting of papaya fruits and seeds in agroecological transition." June 2019, no. 13(06) 2019 (June 20, 2019): 995–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.06.p1799.

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This study aimed to characterize the maturation stages of the papaya fruits and to evaluate the physiological quality of papaya seeds produced in an agroforestry system as a function of postharvest maturation. Papaya fruits were used (Carica papaya L.) from two groups, Formosa Tainung 1 and Solo Sunrise Solo, harvested at maturation stage I (up to 15% of the yellow bark). The seeds were obtained, without sarcotesta: soon after harvest (T1); 14 days after standing at room temperature (T2); and 14 days after standing at 10 °C (T3). The variables analyzed included: germination, first count, speed, and mean germination time and length of seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme (2 groups and 3 rest periods), with 4 replicates of 50 seeds for each treatment. The papaya fruits produced maximum germinating seed in a less average time at room temperature and maturation stage V and the final stage (76%–100% of the yellow bark), allowing maximum number of seedlings with greater vigor. Fruits in stage I impaired the physiological quality of the seeds. The agroecological production presented a systemic approach in the management of papaya.

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Ellis, R. H., T. D. Hong, and E. H. Roberts. "Effect of storage temperature and moisture on the germination of papaya seeds." Seed Science Research 1, no. 1 (March 1991): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500000659.

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AbstractSeeds of papaya (Carica papaya L.) stored for 12 months at 15°C with 7.9–9.4% moisture content maintained their original germination. In contrast, many seeds stored cooler or drier lost viability, the losses occurring more rapidly at −20°C than at either 0°C or 15°C. The results are not compatible with the definitions of either orthodox or recalcitrant seed storage behaviour.

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Siagian, Forman Erwin, Dena Carolina Sabono, and Muhammad Alfarabi. "Aktivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Biji Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Varietas Bangkok." Majalah Kedokteran UKI 36, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/mk.v36i1.2987.

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Abstrak Candida sp. dan Cryptococcus sp. merupakan jamur oportunistik yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada manusia dan dapat berakibat fatal jika tidak ditangani dengan cepat dan tepat. Saat ini terdapat permasalahan yaitu resistensi antijamur dan jenis terapi terhadap jamur yang terbatas. Terdapatnya bahan alam yang melimpah di Indonesia menjadi suatu potensi untuk mengembangkan obat anti jamur baru yang memiliki efektivitas tinggi, efek samping yang minimal, dan murah. Salah satu bahan alam yang belum tereksplorasi untuk antijamur adalah biji pepaya varietas bangkok. Biji pepaya selama ini lebih banyak menjadi limbah organik. Oleh karena hal tersebut, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji aktivitas antijamur dari ekstrak biji pepaya bangkok (Carica papaya L.). Jamur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Candida albicans dan Cryptococcus neoformans. Metode yang digunakan adalah perhitungan zona hambat pada sumur di cawan petri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat zona hambat pada media yang terdapat C. albicans dan C. neoformans. Dapat disimpulkan, ekstrak biji papaya tidak memiliki aktivitas antijamur terhadap kedua jamur tersebut. Kata kunci: Pepaya bangkok, Antijamur, Bahan alam Abstract Candida sp. and Cryptococcus sp. are opportunistic fungi that can be fatal disease in humans if not treated properly. However, resistance of antifungal drugs have been emerged, therefore limit their benefit for therapy. Many natural products in Indonesia have potential to be established for new antifungal drugs that have high effectiveness, minimal side effects, and inexpensive. Papaya bangkok seed has not been explored for its antifungal activity. This seed become more organic waste. The aim of this study was to test antifungal activity of various papaya bangkok seed extract concentrations. We measured the inhibiton zone of papaya extract to Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Result showed no inhibition zone for each seed extract concentrations. Papaya bangkok seed extract has not antifungal activity. Keywords: Papaya bangkok, antifungal, natural product

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Salomão, Antonieta N., and Rosângela C. Mundim. "Germination of Papaya Seed in Response to Desiccation, Exposure to Subzero Temperatures, and Gibberellic Acid." HortScience 35, no. 5 (August 2000): 904–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.5.904.

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The effects on germination of two lots of Carica papaya seed of dehydration at 25 °C, followed by exposure to -20 °C or -196 °C, were evaluated with and without gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment. In the absence of GA3 treatment, dehydration increased subsequent germination only in seed lot 1 when moisture content (m.c.) was reduced from 59% to 6.0% and 5.3%. In seed lot 2, dehydration followed by exposure to -196 °C increased germination compared with dehydration alone. Treatment with GA3 enhanced germination rate in all treatments. Dehydration to 5.3% (lot 1) or 6.9% and 6.8% m.c. (lot 2), followed by exposure to subzero temperatures and treatment with GA3, were the most favorable combined treatments to enhance papaya seed germination. The results suggest that papaya seed presents an orthodox behavior, permitting germplasm conservation in conventional and cryogenic genebanks.

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Tan, Chin Xuan, Seok Tyug Tan, and Seok Shin Tan. "An overview of papaya seed oil extraction methods." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 55, no. 4 (April 2020): 1506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14431.

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Adlina, Z. "PRODUCTION OF F1 HYBRID PAPAYA SEED IN MALAYSIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1022 (March 2014): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1022.8.

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Pinto, Lorraine Aparecida, Kátia Wolff Cordeiro, Viviane Carrasco, Carlos Alexandre Carollo, Cláudia Andréa Lima Cardoso, Eliana Janet Sanjinez Argadoña, and Karine de Cássia Freitas. "Antiulcerogenic activity of Carica papaya seed in rats." Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 388, no. 3 (November 25, 2014): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-014-1069-y.

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Owino, D. O., and G. Ouma. "EFFECT OF POTASSIUM PRIMING ON PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA 'KAMIYA') SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH." Acta Horticulturae, no. 911 (October 2011): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.911.36.

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Weismann, Viola M. A., Max Tulung, Christina M. Salaki, and Ventje V. Memah. "Biopesticide from Combination of Bitung (Barringtonia Asiatica L.Kurtz) Seed and Papaya (Carica Papaya) Sap." International Journal of ChemTech Research 12, no. 03 (2019): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2019.120319.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Papaya seed'

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