To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Papayae.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Papayae'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Papayae.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Colmenarez, Yelitza Coromoto [UNESP]. "Biologia de Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: pseudococcidae) e de seu parasitóide Acerophagus papayae (Hymenoptera: encyrtidae ) em diferentes plantas hospedeiras e levantamento de inimigos naturais em Barbados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105416.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2005-04-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:24:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
colmenarez_yc_dr_botfca.pdf: 347218 bytes, checksum: 747fc5e53cda509203cb294e255130cc (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Empresa Privada<br>Este estudo teve como objetivo estudar a biologia de Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara-de-Willink (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) e de seu parasitóide Acerophagus papayae Noyes & Shauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), verificando a influência dos diferentes hospedeiros no desenvolvimento da praga e do parasitóide, assim como realizar um levantamento dos inimigos naturais da praga em Barbados. No estudo foram testados 3 hospedeiros: mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.), feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) e algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum H.). O experimento foi realizado nas instalações do Ministério de Agricultura de Barbados. A biologia de P. marginatus foi desenvolvida tanto em casa de vegetação como em condições de laboratório (26 l 2 oC; UR: 70 l 10% e fotofase de 14 h). A biologia de A. papayae foi desenvolvida em condições de laboratório. Para a infestação foram utilizadas 10 mudas de cada uma das plantas avaliadas. Cada uma delas foi infestada com 70 ninfas recém-eclodidas/planta. As observações foram feitas diariamente até o inseto atingir seu estado adulto. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: a) Fase imatura: longevidade ninfal para machos e fêmeas e viabilidade, b) Fase adulta: longevidade de machos e fêmeas, viabilidade e número de posturas por fêmea, viabilidade e número de ovos por fêmea, razão e proporção sexual, c) Fase de ovo: período de incubação e viabilidade dos ovos, d) Ciclo total: duração. No experimento sobre a biologia de A. papayae, para a avaliação da preferência do instar ninfal pelo parasitóide foram separadas 70 ninfas de 1o., 2o. e 3o. ínstares para cada hospedeiro, com 10 repetições. Essas ninfas foram oferecidas para 10 casais de A. papayae. As observações foram diárias. Para determinar o número de ninfas parasitadas por fêmea foram colocadas 30 ninfas do terceiro instar, sendo oferecidas...<br>The objective of this work was to study the biology of Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and its primary parasitoid Acerophagus papayae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) evaluating the influence of different hosts tested both on the pest development and on the parasitoid and assess the natural enemy complex of P. marginatus. Three hosts were tested: papaya (Carica papaya L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The experiment was carried out in the facilities of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Barbados. The biology of P. marginatus was carried out in greenhouse and laboratory conditions (temperature of 26 2oC ; RH: 70 10 % and photophase 14 h). The biology of Acerophagus papayae was studied just in the laboratory. Ten plants of each host were used to the infestation procedure. They were infested with 70 nymphs/plant. The observations were daily until the insects became adults. The parameters evaluated were: a) Imature phase: longevity of female and male and viability, b) Mature phase: female and male longevity, viability and oviposition number by female, viability and eggs number by female, sex proportion, c) Egg phase: period of emergence of the nymphs and eggs viability. Lifespan: duration. Studying the biology of A. papayae, to evaluate the host preferred host of the parasitoid, it was separated 70 nymphs of 1st., 2nd. and 3rd. instars, maintained in each host, with 10 replications. Nymphs were offered for 10 parasitoid couples for 24 hours. The observation of the material was daily. To determinate the number of nymphs parasitized by each female, 30 nymphs were maintained in leaves and offered to a parasitoid couple for 24 hours. Evaluations were daily. To determinate other biological parameters, 70 nymphs were taken apart from the 3rd. instar and offered to 10 parasitoids for 24 hours. The parasitoid...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
2
Colmenarez, Yelitza Coromoto 1974. "Biologia de Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: pseudococcidae) e de seu parasitóide Acerophagus papayae (Hymenoptera: encyrtidae ) em diferentes plantas hospedeiras e levantamento de inimigos naturais em Barbados /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105416.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Carlos Frederico Wilcken<br>Banca: Wilson Badiali Crocomo<br>Banca: Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior<br>Banca: Luiz Alexandre Nogueira de Sá<br>Banca: Valmir Antonio Costa<br>Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo estudar a biologia de Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara-de-Willink (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) e de seu parasitóide Acerophagus papayae Noyes & Shauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), verificando a influência dos diferentes hospedeiros no desenvolvimento da praga e do parasitóide, assim como realizar um levantamento dos inimigos naturais da praga em Barbados. No estudo foram testados 3 hospedeiros: mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.), feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) e algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum H.). O experimento foi realizado nas instalações do Ministério de Agricultura de Barbados. A biologia de P. marginatus foi desenvolvida tanto em casa de vegetação como em condições de laboratório (26 l 2 oC; UR: 70 l 10% e fotofase de 14 h). A biologia de A. papayae foi desenvolvida em condições de laboratório. Para a infestação foram utilizadas 10 mudas de cada uma das plantas avaliadas. Cada uma delas foi infestada com 70 ninfas recém-eclodidas/planta. As observações foram feitas diariamente até o inseto atingir seu estado adulto. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: a) Fase imatura: longevidade ninfal para machos e fêmeas e viabilidade, b) Fase adulta: longevidade de machos e fêmeas, viabilidade e número de posturas por fêmea, viabilidade e número de ovos por fêmea, razão e proporção sexual, c) Fase de ovo: período de incubação e viabilidade dos ovos, d) Ciclo total: duração. No experimento sobre a biologia de A. papayae, para a avaliação da preferência do instar ninfal pelo parasitóide foram separadas 70 ninfas de 1o., 2o. e 3o. ínstares para cada hospedeiro, com 10 repetições. Essas ninfas foram oferecidas para 10 casais de A. papayae. As observações foram diárias. Para determinar o número de ninfas parasitadas por fêmea foram colocadas 30 ninfas do terceiro instar, sendo oferecidas...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The objective of this work was to study the biology of Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and its primary parasitoid Acerophagus papayae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) evaluating the influence of different hosts tested both on the pest development and on the parasitoid and assess the natural enemy complex of P. marginatus. Three hosts were tested: papaya (Carica papaya L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The experiment was carried out in the facilities of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Barbados. The biology of P. marginatus was carried out in greenhouse and laboratory conditions (temperature of 26 2oC ; RH: 70 10 % and photophase 14 h). The biology of Acerophagus papayae was studied just in the laboratory. Ten plants of each host were used to the infestation procedure. They were infested with 70 nymphs/plant. The observations were daily until the insects became adults. The parameters evaluated were: a) Imature phase: longevity of female and male and viability, b) Mature phase: female and male longevity, viability and oviposition number by female, viability and eggs number by female, sex proportion, c) Egg phase: period of emergence of the nymphs and eggs viability. Lifespan: duration. Studying the biology of A. papayae, to evaluate the host preferred host of the parasitoid, it was separated 70 nymphs of 1st., 2nd. and 3rd. instars, maintained in each host, with 10 replications. Nymphs were offered for 10 parasitoid couples for 24 hours. The observation of the material was daily. To determinate the number of nymphs parasitized by each female, 30 nymphs were maintained in leaves and offered to a parasitoid couple for 24 hours. Evaluations were daily. To determinate other biological parameters, 70 nymphs were taken apart from the 3rd. instar and offered to 10 parasitoids for 24 hours. The parasitoid...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Doutor
3
Caumartin, Claire. "Structure tridimensionnelle de la papai͏̈ne par diffraction des rayons X : comparaison avec les enzymes apparentées." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P134.
Full text
4
Maia, Mariana Ferreira. "Propriedades biológicas das sementes da papaia (Carica papaya L.): valorização de um resíduo alimentar." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7565.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição<br>O interesse pelo reaproveitamento dos resíduos alimentares obtidos das frutas e vegetais tem vindo a aumentar nas últimas décadas, não só na defesa do conceito de sustentabilidade como também pelas reconhecidas propriedades biológicas associadas ao aporte nutricional e composição de fitoquímicos descritas nestes sub-produtos. As sementes da papaia são um exemplo. De facto, da fruta, apenas se consome a polpa, sendo a casca e as sementes consideradas sub-produtos que poderão trazer um valor acrescido às indústrias alimentar, farmacêutica e cosmética. Por estes motivos, este trabalho experimental teve como principal objetivo efetuar uma quantificação do teor de fenólicos totais e de flavonoides totais, das sementes da Carica papaya Linn, bem como, avaliar a atividade antioxidante das mesmas.
Os resultados obtidos revelaram que o extrato aquoso foi o que permitiu obter maior teor de flavonoides (63,24 mg EC/100g). Em contrapartida, o extrato etanólico foi o que obteve maior teor de fenólicos (981,84 mg EAG/100g). A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada através de dois métodos espectrofotométricos: DPPH• e FRAP. Por ser um antioxidante natural, o uso do ácido ascórbico como controlo permitiu medir a atividade antioxidante dos compostos bioativos presentes nos dois extratos, no sentido de os comparar com um antioxidante natural. Apesar da atividade antioxidante do ácido ascórbico ter sido superior aos dois extratos, pelos dois métodos espectrofotométricos, estes poderão ser utilizados como antioxidantes naturais, sendo que é através do extrato etanólico que podemos tirar maior partido da atividade antioxidante dos compostos bioativos das sementes da Carica papaya L. (416,87 μg/ml pelo DPPH• e 283,52 μg/ml pelo FRAP). Com os resultados obtidos podemos ainda concluir que o teor de compostos bioativos é influenciado por diversos fatores, nomeadamente, o tipo de solvente extrator utilizado.
Apesar das sementes da papaia poderem ser utilizados como antioxidantes naturais, tanto na indústria alimentar, farmacêutica e cosmética, torna-se necessário aprofundar as investigações no sentido de avaliar a toxicidade das mesmas.<br>The interest in the reuse of food residues obtained from fruits and vegetables has been increasing in recent decades, not only in defense of sustainability but also for the recognized biological properties associated with the nutritional contribution and composition of phytochemicals described in these by-products. Papaya seeds are one of these examples. In fact, only the pulp is consumed in the fruit, the bark and seeds are considered as by-products that can bring added value to the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. For these reasons, the main objective of this experimental work is to quantify the total phenolic and total flavonoid content in Carica papaya seeds, as well as to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the seeds.
The results obtained show that the aqueous extract allows to obtain a higher flavonoid content (63.24 mg CE/100g). On the other hand, the ethanolic extract obtained the highest phenolic content (981.84 mg GAE /100g). The antioxidant activity was evaluated through two spectrophotometric methods: DPPH• and FRAP. As a natural antioxidant, the use of ascorbic acid as a control allowed to measure the antioxidant activity of the bioactive compounds present in both extracts, when comparing them with a natural antioxidant. Although the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid was superior in the two extracts, by the two spectrophotometric methods, these can be used as natural antioxidants, and it is through the ethanolic extract that we can take advantage of the antioxidant activity of the bioactive compounds of the seeds of Carica papaya Linn (416.87 μg/ml by DPPH• and 283.52 μg/ml by FRAP). With the obtained results we can conclude that the content of bioactive compounds is influenced by several factors, namely, the type of solvent extractor used.
Although papaya seeds can be used as natural antioxidants, both in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, it is necessary to deepen the investigations in order to evaluate their toxicity.<br>N/A
5
CAMARGO, RITA J. de. "Estudo do tratamento combinado de radiacao ionizante e cobertura de quitosana em mamao papaia (Carica papaya L.)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11250.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
10190.pdf: 8026659 bytes, checksum: a56ea24c48876e3cb2903f4a35974cf3 (MD5)<br>Dissertacao (Mestrado)<br>IPEN/D<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
6
Dickinson, Daniel Parker. "Papaya Whip." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/193.
Full textAbstract:
Papaya Whip is an original composition for orchestra in one movement. The accompanying paper discusses the evolution of the piece followed by an analysis of the work in relation to temporal structure, pitch structure, and orchestration. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications and future projects.
7
Kechinski, Carolina Pereira. "Avaliação do uso de ozônio e de outros tratamentos alternativos para a conservação do mamão papaia (Carica papaya L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13460.
Full textAbstract:
Devido à alta perecibilidade do mamão papaia (Carica papaia L.), estudos póscolheita, com foco nas boas práticas de estocagem e transporte, são importantes na cadeia de comercialização desse fruto. O uso de ozônio (O3) tem sido recomendado como um tratamento alternativo aos compostos clorados tradicionais para o controle de podridões de diversos frutos. Nesse contexto o presente trabalho tem como objetivos: estudar o efeito do (O3) e de outros tramentos alternativos no intuito de eliminar a antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz) no mamão papaia armazenado em câmaras ozonizadas em concentrações de 0 a 0,5 ppm de ozônio; avaliar a sanitização superficial desse fruto através da imersão em água ozonizada em concentrações de 0 a 4 ppm de O3 durante 30 e 60 segundos e otimizar o tratamento hidrotérmico em temperaturas de 45 a 65 ºC por períodos de 30 a 60 segundos. O uso de (O3) em concentrações entre 0,2 e 0,5 ppm, em câmara ozonizada, resultou em mamões com manchas na casca do fruto por possível oxidação de componentes da parede celular. Foi observado ainda que a imersão das frutas em água ozonizada em concentrações de 1 a 4 ppm de O3 não foi efetiva na eliminação da antracnose, razão pela qual foi necessário o uso do tratamento hidrotérmico prévio ao uso do (O3), sendo que os melhores resultados obtidos foram nas temperaturas próximas de 55ºC por 1 minuto. O uso de ozônio não afetou a superfície cuticular dos mamões enquanto que o tratamento hidrotérmico proporcionou um recobrimento das fissuras naturais do fruto. O aumento da concentração de ozônio de 2 para 4 ppm proporcionou uma perda de mais de 40% do conteúdo de Vitamina C. O ozônio não alterou o grau de maturação (ratio) e cor dos frutos.<br>Postharvest studies are important for marketing chain of papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) with focus on good agricultural practices for storage and transportation due to the high perishibility of this fruit. The use of ozone (O3) has been recommended as an alternative treatment to traditional chlorine compounds for the control of several decay organisms. Within that the present work objectivated study the effects of O3 and other alternative treatments to control antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz) on the papaya fruit stored in chambers with ozone concentrations of 0 to 0.5 ppm; evaluate the superficial healthyness of papayas by immersion in ozone water at concentrations of 0 to 4 ppm for 30 to 60 seconds; optimize the hydrothermal treatment at temperatures of 45 to 65°C for periods of 30 to 60 seconds. The use of O3 at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 ppm in ozoned chamber result in spots on the fruit epidermis by the possible oxidation of cell wall components. It was noted, however, that immersion in ozoned water of the fruits at concentrations of 1 to 4 ppm of O3 were not effective in the removal of antracnose. So it is necessary to use hydrothermal treatments before the use of O3. Best results were obtained an temperatures close to 55°C for 1 minute. The use of ozone did not affect the fruit cuticular surface, while the hydrothermal treatment provided the recovering of the natural fissures of the fruit. The increased ozone concentration from 2 to 4 ppm provided a loss of more than 40% of the Vitamin C content. Ozone did not affect the degree of ripening (ratio) and the skin color of the papayas.
8
Persley, Denis Michael. "Identification, epidemiology and control of Papaya ringspot virus, recently recorded in papaya (Caricus papaya) in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36937/1/36937_Persley_1997.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Papaya (Carica papaya), originating in South America, is widely-grown throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The popularity and versatility of the fruit and commercial uses of papain obtained from papaya latex have made the crop an important component of cropping systems in many developing countries where 98% of production is centred. Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is the major limiting factor to papaya production in many countries, particularly those in SouthEast Asia and South America. Papaya ringspot disease was first detected in Queensland in 1991, with several commercial plantations being severely affected. Effective control of a disease requires an efficient detection system, a knowledge of disease epidemiology under local conditions and an assessment of potential control strategies. These objectives were addressed in this thesis.
A Queensland isolate of PRSV-P (338 Wamuran) was purified and polyclonal antiserum produced. The antiserum was used in double-antibody sandwich and plated trapped antigen ELISA formats to detect PRSV in papaya and cucurbit samples. Although papaya sap was shown to inhibit ELISA reactions, antisera to PRSV-338 or PRSV-HA (Hawaii) provided a satisfactory screening assay for all samples tested from papaya and cucurbits. Isolates of PRSV-P and -W from the Philippines, Thailand, Hawaii and Vietnam were serologically indistinguishable in PTA-ELISA using PRSV-338 and PRSV-HA antiserum.
The ability of PRSV to spread rapidly within a plantation in the absence of roguing was demonstrated at Bridgeman Downs where virus incidence increased from zero to 95% in six months in plants established adjacent to infected papayas. Despite the capacity of PRSV-P to rapidly spread within a plantation, the distribution of PRSV-P in Queensland has not substantially altered since its detection in papaya in February 1991 in south-east Queensland. Three significant outbreaks have occurred in commercial plantations since 1991 but were contained by roguing infected plants. The slow spread of PRSV-P in Queensland, in contrast to most other countries where the virus occurs, may be due to the physical separation of many plantations and the natural barriers of forest, grassland and non-susceptible crops which have restricted virus spread. Roguing has proved effective in containing local outbreaks of PRSV.
The experimental host range of PRSV in Queensland was confined to Cucurbitaceae and Caricaceae. Commercially available cultivars of Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo, C. sativus, Cucurbita pepo, C. maxima and C. moschata were all highly susceptible to both PRSV-P and -W following manual inoculation. An isolate of each PRSV-W (DBI) and PRSV-P (338) also infected a proportion of inoculated plants of Benincasa hispida, Citrullus colcynthis, Lagenaria siceraria, Luffa cylindrica and Momordica charantia. When species and accessions of Cucumis and Cucurbita were screened by manual inoculation, Cucumis africanus, C. callosus C. ficifolius, C. leptodermis, C, membranifolius and C. zeyheri were determined as new experimental hosts of PRSV-P and -W. Citrullus colocynthis, Cucumis dipsaceus, C. meeusei and Cucurbita pepo var. fraterna are previously unreported hosts of Australian PRSV-P and -W. Several accessions of Cucumis metuliferus and Cucurbita foetidisima were resistant to PRSV-P (338) and -W (DBI).
Isolates of PRSV-P, but not PRSV-W, infected Carica papaya, C. parviflora, C. pentagonia, (babaco) and C. goudotiana but not Carica cauliflora, C. pubescens, C. stipulata, C. quercifolia or Jacaratia spinosa.
When 114 plants of the interspecific hybrid Carica papaya x C. cauliflora were inoculated with PRSV-P, 92 of the hybrid plants died, presumably due to genetic incompatibility, before virus assays could be completed. The remaining 22 plants did not develop symptoms and virus was not detected by ELISA or back- inoculation to Cucurbita pepo test plants.
The natural host range of PRSV-P in Queensland was confined to Carica species and, importantly, several cucurbit species. Mosaic and mottle symptoms developed in commercial cultivars of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), squash (Cucurbita pepo) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepp var melopepo) in two field experiments planted adjacent to infected papaya plants. PRSV-P was confirmed in symptomatic cucurbits by ELISA and inoculation to young plants of Carica papaya. This appears to be the first experimental demonstration that cucurbits are natural hosts of PRSV-P and is discussed in relation to the possible origin of PRSV-P in Queensland. In a separate trial at a location where PRSV did not naturally occur, it was shown that PRSV-P could be transmitted by aphids from PRSV-P inoculated zucchini to papaya plants. In this trial, 21 of 26 papaya plants had developed typical PRSV symptoms nine weeks after transplanting.
PRSV-P was not found in samples obtained from 12 common weed species growing in a plantation where PRSV-P - infected papaya plants had been present for several years.
Seed transmission of PRSV-P was not detected in plants grown from seed collected from infected plants at Dayboro, Qld, the Philippines and Malaysia.
Four cultivars (Red Luck, Known You No. 1, Tainung 5, Cariflora) with reputed tolerance to PRSV-P were compared with the commercial cultivar Richter Gold in a field trial where they were exposed to natural infection by PRSV-P. The period from planting to 50% of plants with symptoms was eight weeks for Richter Gold and from 15 to 22 weeks for the four tolerant cultivars. Cariflora developed the mildest leaf symptoms but had very poor fruit set. Plants of Red Luck, Known You No. I and Tainung 5 developed severe leaf symptoms. Fruit set was greatest in Red Luck and Known You No. 1 after one year's growth. Although none of the cultivars had outstanding tolerance to PRSV-P in Queensland, it was concluded that further selection could be undertaken in Red Luck and Known You No. 1 to increase tolerance levels and adaptability.
Despite the very limited molecular variation detected between PRSV isolates from Queensland, considerable biological variation was detected between some PRSV-P isolates. This was particularly marked when the tolerant cultivars and Richter Gold were inoculated with either one of two isolates of PRSV-P (338 or 445) in a glasshouse. Leaf symptoms and the degree of stunting were very severe on plants inoculated with isolate 445. Comparative virus concentrations were inversely correlated with symptom severity. Absorbance values (A41onm) were significantlyhigher (P < 0.01) for both isolates in all four tolerant cultivars compared with Richter Gold and significantly less (P < 0.01) for isolate 445 in Know You No. 1, Tainung 5 and Richter Gold, all of which developed severe leaf symptoms and stunting with this isolate. The possible origins of this variation and the implications to control programs are discussed.
9
Ma, Hao. "Molecular characterization of the sex determination locus in Carica papaya L." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765959671&SrchMode=1&sid=14&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1208479929&clientId=23440.
Full text
10
Drew, Roderick A. "Tissue culture and field evaluation of papaya (Carica papaya L.)." Thesis, Drew, Roderick A (1991) Tissue culture and field evaluation of papaya (Carica papaya L.). PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1991. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52582/.
Full textAbstract:
The papaya is a popular fruit crop in many tropical and subtropical countries. Compared with other horticultural industries, papaya production is atypical in that techniques for vegetative propagation have rarely been used in the industry. Cuttings are not used by papaya growers in Australia as trial plantings were characterized by poor root systems causing the plants to be unstable in wind, however recent advances in propagation by cuttings (Allan and MacMillan 1991) may have commercial application. Monoecious varieties such as 'Solo' exist and are grown in tropical areas, however plantations in Australia and other subtropical countries are established from seedlings of dioecious plants, because they set fruit more consistently and produce higher yields than monoecious types…
11
Weingartner, Laura A. "The Evolution of Sex Chromosomes in Papaya (Carica papaya)." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1280960954.
Full text
12
SALGADO, R. P. P. "ANÁLISE DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SEMENTES DE MAMOEIROS (Carica papaya L.) INFECTADOS COM Papaya ringspot virus E Papaya meleira virus." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/10017.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T00:16:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
tese_8952_Dissertação Completa Raquel P. P. Salgado.pdf: 3121106 bytes, checksum: 597ed29ae3303ba1a83d69cb54c0b401 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2015-02-25<br>RESUMO
O mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.) é uma frutífera muito importante para o Estado do Espírito Santo, sendo este o segundo maior produtor e o maior exportador brasileiro de mamão. No entanto, as doenças meleira do mamoeiro e mosaico do mamoeiro, causadas respectivamente pelos vírus Papaya meleira virus (PMeV) e Papaya ringspot virus-P (PRSV-P), representam os principais fatores limitantes da produção. Quanto às sementes de C. papaya, estas são classificadas como intermediárias quanto à tolerância a dessecação, o tecido de reserva é constituído pelo endosperma e possui uma germinação assincrônica devido à presença de inibidores na região da sarcotesta. Sabe-se que a transmissão viral por sementes é uma via muito importante para a disseminação do PMeV em C. papaya cv. Maradol, já o PRSV-P não é tipicamente transmitido por esta via. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a interferência dos referidos vírus (PMeV e PRSV-P) na germinação de sementes oriundas de plantas de C. papaya cv. Golden infectadas. Verificou-se que o vírus PMeV desencadeia redução na biomassa de sementes, na taxa de germinação, crescimento e biomassa das plantas, além de danificar a estrutura da superfície embrionária. Por sua vez, o vírus PRSV-P demonstrou não comprometer nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Conclui-se que o vírus PMeV compromete a formação e o desenvolvimento das sementes, já o vírus PRSV-P não acarreta nenhum prejuízo como verificado em PMeV.
Palavras-chave: Transmissão viral via sementes, Papaya meleira virus, Papaya ringspot virus-P, germinação e desenvolvimento vegetal, microscopia de força atômica
13
Rossetto, Maria Rosecler Miranda. "Teores de benzilglicosinolato, benzilisotiocianato e expressão da mirosinase durante o desenvolvimento e amadurecimento do mamão papaia (\'Carica papaya\' L., var. Sunrise solo)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-04032010-015349/.
Full textAbstract:
O sistema glicosinolato-mirosinase faz parte do mecanismo de defesa das plantas, quando o tecido é danificado, os glicosinolatos são degradados pela mirosinase e os compostos tóxicos são liberados. No mamão, o principal composto liberado pela enzima é o benzilisotiocianato (BITC), a partir da degradação de benzilglicosinolato (BG). Altos teores de BG e BITC, presentes no início da formação do fruto, diminuem durante o seu desenvolvimento. A semente, é o tecido que mais acumula estes compostos, seguido da casca e da polpa e estes teores parecem ser afetados pelo 1-MCP, mas não pelo etileno. Além disso, foi observado neste trabalho, que mesmo a mais baixa atividade da mirosinase parece ter sido suficiente para liberar o BITC, que nestas quantidades, poderia exercer ação contra as moscas-das-frutas e outros microorganismos. A seqüência parcial da mirosinase do mamão mostrou alto grau de similaridade com Arabidopisis (67%), mostarda branca (62%) e canola (51 %), plantas modelo no estudo de glicosinolatos, sendo encontradas muitas regiões e resíduos altamente conservados. O perfil de transcritos da mirosinase mostrou que ela está presente somente na semente, e a partir dos 90 dpa, apresentando um significativo aumento no ponto de colheita, concomitante ao aumento de atividade.<br>The glucosinolate-myrosinase system is part of the defense mechanism in plants, when tissue is damaged, the glucosinolates are degraded by myresinases and toxic compounds are released. In papaya fruit, the major compounds released are the benzylisothiocyanates, frem the degradation of benzylglucosinolate (BG). High levels of BG and BITC are present in the beginning of the fruit formation and they decreased during the development. The seed is the tissue that accumulates higher contents of these compounds, followed by skin and pulp and these levels seems to be disturb by 1-MCP, but not by ethylene. Moreover, it was observed in this work, that exactly the lowest activity of myresinase seems to have been enought to liberate the BITC, that in these amounts, could to act against fruit f1ies and other microorganisms. The partial sequence of myresinase of the papaya fruit showed high degree of similarity with with Arabidopisis (67%), white mustard (62%) and rape (51 %), plants model in the study of glicosinolatos, being found a lot of regions and residues highly conserved. The transcript prefile of myresinase showed that it is present only in the seed, and frem the 90 dpa, having a significant increase in the point of harvest, concomitant to the activity increase.
14
O'Brien, Christopher. "Marker-Assisted Breeding for Papaya Ringspot Virus Resistance in Carica papaya L." Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365618.
Full textAbstract:
There have been numerous attempts to transfer Papaya ringspot virus-Type P (PRSV-P) resistance from wild Vasconcellea relatives (Vasconcellea pubescens, Vasconcellea stipulata, Vasconcellea cauliflora and Vasconcellea quercilfolia) to Carica papaya. Success has been limited by the high degree of genetic divergence and thus incompatibility between Vasconcellea species and C. papaya. This has resulted in infertility of intergeneric F1 hybrids and failure to perform backcrosses which are essential to transfer PRSV-P resistance to C. papaya. However, there has been success in producing intergeneric hybrid populations of C. papaya x V. pubescens; C. papaya x V. parviflora; and intrageneric populations of V. pubescens x V. parviflora. The aim of this research was to develop a resistant V. parviflora population containing the PRSV-P allele from V. pubescens and then transfer the resistance into C. papaya.
In this research, F2 and F3 populations have been produced from the V. pubescens x V. parviflora [F1]. Individuals selected for their allele of the PRSV-P resistance gene i.e. homozygous resistant (RR) and heterozygous (Rr) were backcrossed to V. parviflora (rr) or outcrossed to C. papaya (rr) and their seedlings evaluated for morphological characteristics and PRSV-P resistance. Dominant traits were transferred from all species to progeny, e.g., leaf vein number (7) from V. pubescens (RR); pink flower colour from V. parviflora (rr); petiole colour (red-green) and plant size from C. papaya (rr). Other traits were intermediate in hybrids, e.g., flower shape and fruit size.
When the wild species or their hybrids were outcrossed to C. papaya (rr), inheritance patterns did not always follow Mendelian ratios, suggesting abnormal pairing of chromosomes or preferential elimination of the Vasconcellea genes. For example, all flowers were female in crosses between C. papaya (rr) x V. pubescens (RR) and the cream flower colour of C. papaya (rr) was dominant over the pink colour of V. parviflora (rr). However the PRSV-P resistance gene from V. pubescens (RR) was transferred into V. parviflora (rr) from their F2 hybrids and pollen fertility was obtained in hybrids between C. papaya (rr) and V. parviflora (rr), thus V. parviflora (rr) is proposed as a bridging species between the other two.
A co-dominant CAPS marker has been developed which is closely linked to PRSV-P resistance in V. pubescens (RR). This marker was used to facilitate these intergeneric and intrageneric hybridisation programmes and was used at the in vitro stage after embryo rescue of wide crosses.<br>Thesis (Masters)<br>Master of Philosophy (MPhil)<br>Griffith School of Environment<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
15
Rieger, Jennifer Erin. "Genetic and morphological diversity of natural populations of Carica papaya." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1250088839.
Full text
16
Mohd, Razali Razean Haireen. "Identification, Characterisation and Expression of PRSV-P Resistance Genes in Carica and Vasconcellea." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366827.
Full textAbstract:
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the major tropical fruit crops worldwide; however, commercial and local production is reduced by several diseases and pests. Papaya Ringspot Virus type P (PRSV-P) is a serious disease of Carica papaya, and all known varieties of papaya are susceptible. Vasconcellea parviflora is a PRSV-P susceptible species. Researchers have identified PRSV-P resistant genes in Vasconcellea spp., which were formerly included in the genus Carica. Of the 21 Vasconcellea species, only one, Vasconcellea pubescens sometimes called Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis, has been consistently reported worldwide to be resistant or immune to PRSV-P for more than 60 years.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
17
Qin, Xiaohui. "Papaya systemic acquired resistance." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6872.
Full textAbstract:
Challenge by a pathogen induces systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants, a state marked by the elevated expression of pathogenesis related (PR) genes and enhanced resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogens. SAR requires the endogenous accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), and can be induced by exogenous application of SA or related molecules such as benzo(1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH). All tested plants have a SAR response, but some important aspects of SAR differ between species. In this work, four (partial) PR-1 cDNAs were cloned from papaya. One of these, PR-1d, was shown to be induced by BTH. This data, together with previous data showing the induction of SAR related enzymes and enhanced tolerance to a pathogen in response to BTH, demonstrates that papaya has a SAR response and it is induced by BTH. With this knowledge, global profiling of papaya genes induced by BTH was carried out by suppression subtractive hybridization. 25 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs) induced by BTH were identified, including homologs of numerous genes known to be defense related, and some genes previously unknown to have defense functions. A papaya homolog of NPRl, shown to be required for SAR signal transduction in Arabidopsis, was isolated and found to contain all three structural domains required for activity in Arabidopsis. This data, together with the profile of BTH induced genes, and induction kinetics for some of these genes, shows that papaya SAR is similar in many important aspects to SAR in the model system Arabidopsis. Additionally, tobacco plants over-expressing Arabidopsis NPRI were produced and found to produce elevated (compared to wild-type) levels of PR-la mRNA in response to SA treatment. This demonstrates that even in a heterologous system, over-expression of NPRl may confer an enhanced SAR response.<br>xvi, 116 leaves
18
Kanchana-udomkan, Chutchamas. "Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Papaya Ringspot Virus Type P Resistance in Vasconcellea quercifolia and Development of Molecular Markers for Quantitative Traits in Carica papaya." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367487.
Full textAbstract:
Production of the delicious and nutritious tropical fruit papaya (Carica papaya) is limited throughout its growing regions by the devastating disease of Papaya Ringspot Virus type P (PRSV-P). Since 1998, breeding strategies have focussed on transferring resistance alleles from two sources of resistance from crop wild relatives. Vasconcellea pubescens is the strongest source of resistance but produces infertile hybrids when crossed to papaya. Loci with resistance alleles from the immune V. pubescens source were identified in an interspecific population derived from crossing V. pubescens and V. parviflora. V. parviflora is susceptible to PRSV-P but can be crossed with both papaya and V. pubescens and is therefore being used as a bridging species for transferring useful alleles between the two species. A fourth species, V. quercifolia also carries alleles for PRSV-P resistance, although more quantitative in action with different levels of resistance to PRSV-P. This species also produces some fertile intergeneric hybrids when crossed with papaya.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Natural Sciences<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
19
Buisson, Daniel Joseph. "Anatomical and morphological responses of papaya, Carica papaya L., to various light conditions." FIU Digital Commons, 1991. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1817.
Full textAbstract:
Plants that develop under foliar shade encounter both low photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and low red to far red ratios (R:FR). Both of these factors are important in determining developmental responses to shade. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) seedlings grown under filtered shade (low PAR and low R:FR) were compared with seedlings grown under neutral shade (low PAR with R:FR similar to that of full sunlight), and high light (moderate PAR with R:FR similar to that of full sunlight). The results indicated that papaya exhibits a light seeking strategy as evidenced by morphological and anatomical differences between treatments. Based on past research the results also indicate shade developmental responses in papaya to be phytochrome mediated.
20
Luna, Molero Hugo Roberto. "Inmovilización de papaína a partir de Carica papaya “papaya” sobre tierra de diatomeas." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16963.
Full textAbstract:
El objetivo del estudio fue inmovilizar la papaína del látex de Carica papaya “papaya”
sobre tierra de diatomeas procedentes de las minas de Vista Alegre del distrito El
Carmen Alto, Huamanga. Para ello, el látex fue recolectado de los frutos verdes de
Carica papaya, del distrito de San Francisco a 600 m de altitud, La Mar (Ayacucho),
en seguida el látex se estabilizó con buffer fosfato 100 mM a pH 7,5 y liofilizó. Por
otro lado, la papaína 0,1 %(p/v) se inmovilizó por adsorción sobre tierra de diatomeas,
sílica y alúmina a los 180 min; el índice de inmovilización fue 95,44%; 97,26% y
15,16% respectivamente. Las condiciones de actividad enzimática fueron pH 7,5 30
°C y 30 min, utilizando como sustrato la albúmina sérica bovina; la cuantificación de
proteínas se realizó por el método de Lowry. De esta forma, la papaína soluble presentó
una actividad específica de 50 UI/mg, velocidad de reacción de 200 μmol/min y Km
de 100 mg/L. Las actividades enzimáticas de la papaína inmovilizada sobre sílica,
tierra de diatomeas y alúmina fueron 6,36; 5,74 y 2,42 UI respectivamente a pH 7,5 y
30 °C. En estas condiciones, la papaína inmovilizada sobre tierra de diatomeas
presentó menor actividad catalítica en comparación con sílica.
21
Rodrigues, Silas Pessini. "Interação entre o papaya meleira virus (PMeV) e o mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.)." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5723.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:48:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Silas_Rodrigues_Disseracao_Completa.pdf: 3107447 bytes, checksum: 7c277a205cc0673835ce714a89f3efd0 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2006-08-25<br>A meleira do mamoeiro é causada pelo Papaya meleira virus (PMeV), de genoma de dsRNA, que induz uma exsudação espontânea de látex fluido à partir de frutos e folhas. Inicialmente, objetivou-se estabelecer uma metodologia molecular simplificada para o diagnóstico precoce do vírus. A metodologia baseou-se na extração e análise do dsRNA viral, a partir de látex e tecidos da planta. A transmissão do vírus pela mosca-branca Trialeurodes variabilis foi avaliada, observando-se que o inseto não transmitiu o vírus, embora tenha sido capaz de adquirí-lo a partir de mamoeiros infectados. Foi confirmado que a infecção ocorre quando látex infectado é injetado no ápíce do caule do mamoeiro. A avaliação da distribuição do PMeV em mamoeiros em diferentes fases da infecção revelou a ocorrência do vírus, principalmente, nos órgãos ricos em laticíferos. Neste tipo de célula, o vírus reduziu a quantidade e alterou a morfologia sueprficial dos polímeros presentes no látex, ligando-se fortemente à estes polímeros. O PMeV induziu um acúmulo dos elementos potássio e fósforo no látex, que também apresentou teores mais elevados de água. Observou-se também no látex infectado a síntese de alcalóides e um acúmulo de cristais de oxalato de cálcio. Este acúmulo foi positivamente correlacionado com a síntese de H2O2 nos laticíferos de plantas doentes, que também foi observada nas células companheiras do floema. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a existência de um mecanismo de defesa do mamoeiro contra o PMeV que envolve a síntese de H2O2 pelos laticíferos e células do floema.<br>Papaya sticky disease' is caused by Papaya meleira virus (PMeV) which has a dsRNA molecule as genome. It induces an exudation of fluid latex from the fruits and leaves. Initially, this work aimed to establish an easy molecular diagnostic method to early virus detection. The stablished method was based on virus de dsRNA extraction from papaya latex and tissues. Afterwards, the PMeV transmission by Trialeurodes variabilis whitefly was evaluated. Our observation was that as far as the insect caried the virus, it did not transmit it to the papaya plant. We also established that PMev infection occurs only when latex from diseased plants was injected in healthy ones. The evaluation of PMeV allocation within papaya at different infecton stages demonstrated that the virus was present mainly in laticifers richly tissues. In this cell type, the virus strongly reduced the amount of latex polymers, also altering their superficial morphology. Using transmission elecron microscopy, PMeV was observed strongly linked to the polymers. The virus induced an ncrease in water and potassium and phosphorus elements levels in the latex. Also, it was observed an increase in alkaloids and calcium oxalate crystal accumation. This accumulation was positively correlated with H2O2 synthesis, which was also observed at phloem companion cells. Taken together, these results suggest the existence of papaya defense mechanism against PMeV involving the H2O2 synthesis by laticifers and phloem cells.
22
Banerjee, J. "Tissue culture and transformation studies in Indian cultivars of papaya (carica papaya L.)." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2002. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2674.
Full text
23
Rivera, Espinosa Ivanna. "Purification, caractérisation, espression hétérologue et applications des enzymes lipolytiques de Carica papaya." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0041/document.
Full textAbstract:
Parmi les activités catalytiques les plus intéressantes présentes dans le latex de Carica papaya on trouve l'activité lipolytique (EC 3.1.1.X). En effet les enzymes lipolytiques peuvent catalyser des réactions d’hydrolyse sur divers substrats mais également, dans des conditions thermodynamiques favorables, des réactions de synthèse. De plus, elles sont actives en présence de solvants organiques, ce qui fait de ce type d’enzymes des biocatalyseurs spécialement attractifs pour des applications industrielles. Enfin, cette activité lipolytique est associée à la matrice insoluble du latex, et constitue donc une activité immobilisée. Cependant et pour cette même raison, il n'a pas été possible jusqu'à présent d'élucider la ou les séquences protéiques dans le latex responsables de cette activité lipolytique. En conséquence, cette thèse est dédiée à l'étude de l'activité lipolytique du latex de C. papaya. Pour cela, la purification partielle du latex de C. papaya a été réalisée. Ainsi, les propriétés catalytiques des fractions partiellement purifiées ont pu être déterminées pour l'hydrolyse de triglycérides, la résolution de mélanges racémique d'octyl ester de l'acide 2-bromo-phenylacétique, la synthèse de biopolymères et des lipides structurés. Parallèlement à cela, une recherche dans le génome de C. papaya des séquences codant les motifs conservés dans les protéines lipolytiques, ainsi que des essais d'expression in vivo dans les feuilles de la plante en conditions de stress a été effectuée, ce qui a permis d’isoler pour la première fois une lipase, CpLip2, exprimée in vivo chez C. papaya. Cette protéine, ainsi que 2 autres protéines déjà identifiées dans le latex de C. papaya, CpEst et CpLip1, ont été produites sous forme fonctionnelle en employant respectivement Nicothiana sp., Yarrowia lipolytica et Pichia pastoris comme systèmes d'expression. Finalement, certaines des propriétés biochimiques et catalytiques de ces protéines recombinantes ont pu être déterminées<br>Lipolytic activity (EC 3.1.1.X) is one of the most interesting catalytic activities from Carica papaya latex. Indeed lipolytic enzymes can catalyze not only hydrolysis but also various synthesis reactions due to their activity in organic solvents, which make them especially attractive for industrial applications. Nevertheless, most of the lipolytic activity present in latex is tightly associated to the insoluble fraction of the latex and up to now it has not been possible to determine which enzymes are responsible for the lipolytic activity of C. papaya latex. This PhD work is dedicated to the study of the lipolytic activity present in Carica papaya. Partial purification of lipolytic activity from C. papaya latex was carried out to evaluate the catalytic properties of the partially purified fractions in the hydrolysis of triglycerides, the resolution of racemic mixtures of 2-bromo-phenylacetic octyl ester, biopolymers and structured lipids synthesis. Bioinformatic analysis was also realized on C. papaya genome by searching conserved motifs for lipolytic proteins. Finally, assays of in vivo transcriptomic in the leaves of stressed C. papaya allowed the isolation of a new lipase produced in vivo (CpLip2, gene 1973.2). This protein, as well as two previously identified lipolytic enzymes from C. papaya, CpEst (gen 25.180) and CpLip1 (gen 55.143) were functionally expressed using Nicotiana sp.,Yarrowia lipolytica and Pichia pastoris as expression hosts, respectively. Finally, some of the biochemical and catalytic properties of these produced recombinant proteins were evaluated<br>Una de las actividades catalíticas más interesantes presentes en el látex de Carica papaya es la actividad lipolítica (3.1.1.X).Las enzimas lipolíticas pueden catalizar reacciones de hidrólisis sobre varios sustratos e igualmente, en condiciones termodinámicas favorables, pueden catalizar reacciones de síntesis. Adicionalmente, son activas en presencia de solventes orgánicos, por lo que son biocatalizadores atractivos para aplicaciones industriales. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de la actividad lipolítica del látex se encuentra asociada a la matriz insoluble del látex, formando un biocatalizador auto-inmovilizado.Por esta razón, hasta la fecha no ha sido posible elucidar qué enzima o enzimas son responsables de la actividad lipolítica observada en el látex de C. papaya. En consecuencia, la presente investigación está dedicada al estudio de la actividad lipolítica en Carica papaya. Para ello, se realizaron estudios de purificación parcial del látex de Carica papaya, así como la evaluación de las propiedades catalíticas de las fracciones parcialmente purificadas en la hidrólisis de triglicéridos, resolución de mezclas racémicas de octil éster del ácido 2-bromo-fenilacético y síntesis de biopolímeros y lípidos estructurados. Paralelamente, se realizó un análisis genómico mediante la búsqueda con motivos conservados que codifican para diversas proteínas lipolíticas, así como ensayos de transcriptómica para buscar la expresión in vivo de secuencias seleccionadas en las hojas de la planta, que permitieron encontrar por primera vez una expresión in vivo de una lipasa en C. papaya (CpLip2). Esta proteína y otras dos previamente identificadas en el látex de papaya (CpEst y CpLip1), fueron expresadas de forma funcional empleando respectivamente Nicotiana sp., Yarrowia lipolytica y Pichia pastoris como sistemas de expresión. Finalmente algunas de las propiedades bioquímicas y catalíticas de las proteínas expresadas fueron determinadas
24
Salazar, Rojas Inocente Feliciano. "Estrategia para posicionar la papaya procedente de Leoncio Prado (Huánuco) en el mercado nacional." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3334.
Full textAbstract:
Esta investigación se desarrolló para identificar los atributos distintivos más apreciados y la percepción de la papaya (carica papaya L.) procedente de la provincia de Leoncio Prado, Huánuco, por parte de los consumidores en el mercado de Lima Metropolitana, que se constituye en su principal mercado receptor con 78.99% de su producción (promedio de los trece últimos años).
Se han extraído muestras aleatorias para los consumidores finales; en cuanto a los intermediarios se trabajó con todos los acopiadores locales y los que operan en el Mercado Mayorista de Frutas SAC en la ciudad de Lima. Los datos han sido recogidos mediante encuestas, observaciones, entrevistas informales y revisión documental, utilizando sus respectivos instrumentos.
Las encuestas se aplicaron a la muestra de 420 consumidores después de ejecutar la compra de papaya, con interceptaciones extramuro en 07 tiendas de Wong y 14 de Metro, distribuidos en sectores A, B y C según su ubicación geográfica en la ciudad de Lima; mientras que las observaciones se han realizado intramuro a un total de 410 compradores. La información se ha procesado cuantitativamente utilizando las estadísticas descriptivas, Análisis de Varianza, Chi Cuadrado y Análisis Factorial; para el análisis cualitativo se ha empleado el Método Descriptivo Correlacional y el Análisis Inductivo/Deductivo.
El producto no tiene posicionamiento definido, aún cuando se le recuerda como papaya dulce y buena para la salud. No tiene marca y entre los distribuidores se le conoce como papaya de selva o papaya tingo maría. Mantiene un liderazgo definido en el mercado de frutas con una participación del 64.98%, habiendo logrado rendimientos promedios de 19.25 TM/ha, según reportes de la oficina de información agraria MINAG 2005.
Se recomienda desarrollar la marca golden papaya tingo maría, así como la organización de productores papayeros para construir la cadena productiva, encargarse del branding y la aplicación de la estrategia de posicionamiento, basado en sus principales cualidades: dulce y beneficio para la salud (buena digestión de alimentos), desarrollando inicialmente las relaciones públicas y luego la publicidad siguiendo la estrategia de aspiración (pull).<br>--- The papaya (Carica papaya L.), is the key production in Leoncio Prado, Huanuco, this research was evaluated in order to know the perception to have the consumers in Lima Metropolitana market, principal receptor of this product with 78.99% from its production (average in the last 13 years). Also for identify the major and appreciable attributes of this product for the consumers.
The samples were collected in randomized form, choose the data information from surveys of ended consumers, local sellers (medium sellers) and sellers to worked in the Mercado Mayorista de Frutas SAC-Lima. The data obtained were taken from surveys, direct observations, informal interviews, and documental information using the respective questioning.
All the surveys were applied over 420 samples of different consumers after to buy the papaya, the interview was out of the 7 markets of Wong and 14 supermarkets of Metro, distributed at different scale social of Lima (A, B and C), always the observations were developed over 410 buyers into the market. The quantitative data were expressed using Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Analysis of Variance, Chi-square and Factorial Analysis; the qualitative data was performed using the Descriptive Correlational and Deductive/Inductive methods.
The papaya hasn’t a definite position in the market, actually it haven’t a recognizable brand name. Nevertheless, many consumers remember it as a sweet and healthy product and among the distributors and buyers, this product is knower as papaya de selva or papaya de Tingo Maria, in addition, it keeps a defined leadership in the market Lima fruits, sharing 64.98% with the Lima market approximately; according the Oficina de Informacion Agraria MINAG 2005, report that the average production became 19.25 TM/Ha.
For these results: we will recommend the developing of the respective brand using the name of “golden papaya tingo maría”, and will recommend addressed the organization of the producers in production chain, the application of strategies for the position in the market, which must be based in the major qualities of this healthy product (good food digestion) and delicious sweet. The strategy will be recommend to priority the public relations and advertising following by the pull strategy communication.<br>Tesis
25
Gavilano, Fajardo Frank Alonso. "Actividad fotoprotectora de formulaciones tópicas a base de extractos de papaya (Carica papaya L.)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12307.
Full textAbstract:
Evalúa la actividad fotoprotectora de formulaciones tópicas con extractos de fruto de papaya (Carica papaya L.). Se realizó el análisis farmacognóstico preliminar de los extractos glicólico e hidroalcohólico de papaya proveniente del departamento de San Martin, utilizando una marcha fitoquímica y técnicas fisicoquímicas. Se obtuvieron como principales constituyentes de los extractos: compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides, taninos, tetraterpenos (carotenoides) y alcaloides. Se cuantificó el contenido de fenoles totales en los extractos mediante el método de Folin-Ciocalteu obteniendo una concentración en equivalentes de ácido gálico (GAE) de 6.52 ± 0.08 mg/g papaya y la actividad antioxidante de los extractos por el método de DPPH, obteniendo valores en equivalentes Trolox de 58.92 ± 6.79 umol Trolox/g papaya. Los espectros UV-Vis de los extractos de papaya mostraron absorber radiación en las regiones UVA y UVB, que demuestra su potencia como fotoprotector natural. Se utilizaron extractos de papaya al 50% (p/p) y se desarrollaron formulaciones de crema y gel conteniendo 20% de los extractos en el producto final. Se elaboraron formulaciones en las que se adicionó los extractos y filtros solares sintéticos para evaluar alguna posible sinergia fotoprotectora. El FPS de las formulaciones se determinó mediante un método in vitro desarrollado por Mansur. Se obtuvieron valores de 1.69 ± 0.07 para la formulación en crema y 0.24 ± 0.09 para la formulación en gel.<br>Tesis
26
SILVA, N. G. "Secagem em leito de espuma e liofilização do extrato aquoso de mamão papaia (Carica papaya L.): avaliação físico-química e estabilidade dos produtos obtidos." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/10136.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T21:54:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
tese_11302_Dissertação Final de Mestado - Natássia Guimarães da Silva Pdf.pdf: 1764058 bytes, checksum: f539392f45f6df0e7795bbc2a446d437 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2018-07-12<br>O mamão papaia (Carica papaya L.) se apresenta como fonte de vitamina C, cálcio, potássio, magnésio e carotenoides como β-caroteno, β-criptoxantina, licopeno, luteína e zeaxantina. Após a colheita do mamão, ocorrem perdas devido a sua rápida senescência. Consequentemente, o processamento pós-colheita é uma alternativa para prolongar a vida útil, preservar a qualidade, aumentar a flexibilidade na disponibilidade e comercialização do mamão. Deste modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar a secagem em leito de espuma e liofilização do extrato aquoso de mamão papaia (Carica papaya L.) e avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas dos produtos obtidos. Foi analisada a polpa (pH, ATT, Ratio e sólidos solúveis) e o extrato aquoso (sólidos solúveis, extrato seco, carotenoides, fenólicos e capacidade antioxidante). Foi preparado um extrato aquoso de mamão adicionado de dois agentes carreadores: Capsul® e maltodextrina, ambos na concentração de 30%. Foram produzidos pós utilizando as técnicas de leito em espuma e liofilização, e estes foram caracterizados com relação às características físico-químicas (Aw, umidade, higrocopicidade, carotenoides, solubilidade, capacidade antioxidante, compostos fenólicos). Para etapa de armazenamento os pós foram produzidos utilizando as técnicas de secagem em leito em espuma (60°C) e liofilização. Estes foram caracterizados com relação à microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), atividade de água (Aw), carotenoides, compostos fenólicos e coordenadas de cor (L*, a* e b*) e armazenados a 25°C por 60 dias. A polpa do mamão papaia da variedade Aliança mostrou-se apta a ser utilizada em processamento e para consumo in natura pelas características físico-químicas analisadas. O extrato aquoso analisado apresentou compostos fenólicos, e uma boa capacidade antioxidante avaliada por dois métodos. O modelo de Page foi o que melhor se adequou aos dados experimentais na cinética de secagem em leito de espuma. Levando-se em consideração os fatores estudados (agentes carreadores e temperaturas) na secagem em leito de espuma, pela desejabilidade recomendou-se a temperatura do ar de secagem de 60 °C e a utilização de maltodextrina como agente. No estudo do leito de espuma para diferentes temperaturas e agentes, Capsul® se apresentou melhor, sendo assim indicado como melhor agente utilizado na secagem por leito em espuma. Com relação ao estudo comparativo das técnicas de secagem (liofilização e leito em espuma) e agentes carreadores (maltodextrina e Capsul®), para a secagem do extrato aquoso de mamão papaia recomenda-se o uso do agente maltodextrina, por não apresentar diferença significativa quando comparado ao Capsul® para as respostas ABTS, higroscopicidade, solubilidade e carotenoides, apresentar maior DPPH e menor Aw, além disso possui um baixo custo quando comparado ao Capsul®. Para a técnica de secagem recomenda-se o uso da secagem por leito em espuma baseando na sua menor higroscopicidade, maior teor de carotenoides, menor custo e menor tempo de processo. Pelas micrografias pode-se observar que a secagem por leito em espuma resultou em um produto não uniforme na forma e no tamanho das partículas para todas as amostras avaliadas. Para os pós liofilizados observou-se que as partículas apresentaram tamanhos variados não apresentando formatos bem definidos. Para a Aw, em ambas as técnicas e agentes, os valores obtidos foram baixos, variando entre 0,438 e 0,470, após os 60 dias de armazenamento, sendo os produtos considerados microbiologicamente estáveis. Foi observado que o tempo de meia vida dos carotenoides quando comparado numericamente aos compostos fenólicos, se apresentou menor. Os parametros de cor (L*, a* e b*) apresentaram tempo de meia vida acima de 60 dias. Uma alternativa para minimizar a perda dos carotenoides, que são de grande importância, seria utilizar temperaturas de armazenamento mais baixas.
27
Yu, Qingyi. "Cloning and characterization of flower development genes in papaya." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=764805121&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233099348&clientId=23440.
Full text
28
Nascimento, Aline Kelly Queiroz do. "CaracterizaÃÃo biolÃgica e molecular de isolados e alternativas de controle do Papaya lethal yellowing virus." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9075.
Full textAbstract:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>O mamoeiro (Carica papaya) à uma importante fruteira tropical cuja produÃÃo vem crescendo no Nordeste do Brasil. Amarelo letal à uma molÃstia do mamoeiro ocasionada pelo Papaya lethal yellowing virus (PLYV) que ocorrer somente Nordeste. Os sintomas ocasionados pelo PLYV tÃm inÃcio com um amarelecimento progressivo das folhas do no terÃo superior da copa, as quais murcham e morrem. Manchas circulares, inicialmente esverdeadas aparecem nos frutos as quais se tornam amareladas quando os frutos amadurecem. O PLYV possui partÃculas isomÃtricas com 30 nm de diÃmetros, genoma do tipo ssRNA de ac. 1,6 x 106 Da, com a capa protÃica composta de uma Ãnica proteÃna de ac. 35 Da. Embora nÃo exista confirmaÃÃo da existÃncia de um vetor biolÃgico para o vÃrus, o mesmo està se disseminando rapidamente no Nordeste brasileiro, possivelmente por mudas de plantas infetadas e ferramentas contaminadas. O vÃrus pode ser transmitido atravÃs do solo, Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo, ferramentas agrÃcolas e mÃos contaminadas. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivos: avaliar a possibilidade do vÃrus ser transmitido por sementes e por afÃdeos; avaliar a possibilidade do PLYV infetar outras espÃcies da famÃlia Caricaceae; avaliar o efeito da solarizaÃÃo na inativaÃÃo do vÃrus em restos de cultura e analisar a variabilidade molecular e biolÃgica de isolados de PLYV. Nos ensaios de transmissÃo do vÃrus por afÃdeos, o mesmo nÃo foi transmitido por Aphis craccivora e A. gossypii de forma persistente nem de forma nÃo persistente. Nos experimentos de transmissÃo por sementes, o vÃrus nÃo foi detectado por ELISA indireto em 1.680 plÃntulas originadas de sementes de frutos infetados com o PLYV. O PLYV infetou as espÃcies de Jacaratia heterophila, J. spinosa, Vasconcella quercifolia e V. monoica, confirmando que sua gama de hospedeiras estÃ, provavelmente, restrita à famÃlia Caricaceae. O PLYV foi inativado em folhas e raÃzes de plantas infetadas e erradicadas, quando submetidas à solarizaÃÃo, por um perÃodo de 12 dias, enquanto que permaneceu ativo em folhas e raÃzes de plantas infetadas e erradicadas, mantidas sem solarizaÃÃo, atà um perÃodo de 32 dias. O uso de extrato de jucazeiro (Caesalpinia ferrea) inativou o PLYV quando misturado ao extrato de plantas infetadas, porÃm nÃo apresentou nenhum efeito no processo de infecÃÃo em plantas jà inoculadas com PLYV e pulverizadas com extrato de jucazeiro e em plantas pulverizadas e em seguida inoculadas. Os isolados de PLYV obtidos de diferentes regiÃes do estado do CearÃ: PLYVFC (Fortaleza-Centro), PLYVFQ (Fortaleza â Edson Queiroz), PLYVH (Horizonte), PLYVLN (Limoeiro do Norte), PLYVM (Marco), PLYVMD (Marco â DIBAU), PLYVP (Paraipaba), PLYVQ (QuixerÃ) e PLYVBE (Boa EsperanÃa- QuixerÃ) apresentaram baixa variabilidade molecular, quando comparados atravÃs das seqÃÃncias nucleotÃdicas de parte dos genes RpRd/CP. Quando comparado com membros dos gÃneros Sobemovirus e do Tombusvirus, o PLYV apresentou maior similaridade com vÃrus do gÃnero Sobemovirus<br>Papaya (Carica papaya) is an important tropical fruit crop which production is increasing in irrigated areas of Northeast of Brazil. Lethal yellowing is a papaya disease caused by Papaya lethal yellowing virus (PLYV) that occurs only in the Northeast of Brazil. The virus symptoms begin with a progressive leaf yellowing in the third superior part of the plant canopy, which wilt and finally die. Greenish circular spots also appear on the fruits which turn yellowish when the fruits are ripping. The PLYV has isometric particles with ac. 30 nm in diameter, genomic ssRNA of ac. 1.6 x 106 Da and a coat protein composed of a single component of ac. 35 Da. Although no biological vector has been confirmed for the virus, it is spreading every year in the Northeast of Brazil, probably by infected young plants and contaminated tools. The virus can be transmitted through the soil, irrigated water, agriculture tools and contaminated hands. The present research had the following objectives: evaluate the possibility of the virus to be transmitted by seeds and aphids; evaluate its possibility to infect other plant species from the family Caricaceae; evaluate the effects of soilarization in the virus infectivity and analyze the molecular and biological variability among the virus isolates. In the aphid transmission studies, the virus was not transmitted by Aphis craccivora neither by A. gossypii in persistent and non-persistent manners. In the seed transmission experiments, the virus was not detected by indirect ELISA in a total of 1,680 seedlings originated from PLYV infect fruits. The PLYV infected the plant species Jacaratia heterophila, J. spinosa, Vasconcella quercifolia and V. monoica, confirming that its host range is probably restricted to Caricaceae species. The virus was inactivated in leaves and roots eradicated from infected plants when they were submitted to a solarization for a period of 12 days, but maintained its infectivity when the leaves and the roots were maintained without solarization at natural conditions for a period of 32 days. The use of extract from fruits of Caesalpinia ferrea inactivated PLYV when it was mixed with extract from infected plants, although the C. ferrea extract did not interfered with the virus infection when it was sprayed on the plant leaves before or after the virus inoculation. The PLYV obtained from different regions from the State of CearÃ: PLYVFC (Fortaleza-Centro), PLYVFQ (Fortaleza â Edson Queiroz), PLYVH (Horizonte), PLYVLN (Limoeiro do Norte), PLYVM (Marco), PLYVMD (Marco â DIBAU), PLYVP (Paraipaba), PLYVQ (QuixerÃ) and PLYVBE (Boa EsperanÃa- QuixerÃ) showed low molecular variability when compared by its nucleotide sequences involving part of the genes RpRd/CP. When compared with members from the genera Sobemovirus and Tombusvirus, the PLYV showed more similarity with members from the genus Sobemovirus.
29
Ong, Mei Kying. "Effect of ozone on anthracnose physicochemical responses and gene expression in papaya (Carica papaya L.)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14234/.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of varying levels of ozone (0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 or 5.0 ppm) for 96 h on 1. the in vitro and in vivo growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal organism of anthracnose; 2. the reactive oxygen species generation and spore mitochondria of C. gloeosporioides using transmission electron microscope, fluorescence microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope; 3. the production of defence-related enzymes in papaya; 4. microbiological analysis on ozone-treated and non-treated papaya; 5. the biochemical, physiological, gas exchange and sensory characteristics of papaya fruit during storage (25 ± 3 °C, 70 ± 5 %RH) for 14 days; 6. the changes in total phenols, total carotenoids and antioxidant activity; and 7. gene expression of ozone-fumigated papaya fruit. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and differences among treatment means were separated by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of antifungal studies showed that mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) at all concentrations compared to the control. The maximum inhibition in mycelium growth (41.2 %) was obtained at 5.0 ppm ozone. Similarly, conidial germination inhibition was 100 % for 5 ppm ozone. In vivo analysis revealed that 2.5 ppm ozone was the optimal concentration for controlling anthracnose disease incidence (72.5 %) and disease severity after 10 days of storage, showing that a moderate concentration of ozone is effective in the reduction of C. gloeosporioides in artificially inoculated papaya fruit without affecting the quality aspect of the fruit. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also confirmed that ozone fumigated fungus at levels above 3.5 ppm deformed and disintegrated spore and mycelia structure. Further to that, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) illustrated that the mitochondria of ozonized fungus was disintegrated and had ruptured membrane. In spores treated with 3.5 ppm ozone, mitochondrial cristae were distorted, whereas the mitochondria were almost completely degraded in spores treated with 5.0 ppm. Meanwhile, the results from microscopy studies using laser scanning confocal microscope and fluorescence microscope showed that ozone treatment caused production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria of C. gloeosporioides. With increased concentration of ozone, higher levels of ROS were induced in the spores. Besides its direct antifungal activity, the study strongly suggested that ozone induces a series of defense reactions through production of compounds such as total phenols, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in ozone-fumigated papaya. Likewise, content of ascorbic acid, β-carotene, lycopene and antioxidant activity of papaya increased as fruit ripened and was further enhanced by exposure to ozone for 96 hours from day 4 until day 8. Twenty-four hours of ozone treatment at the level of 0.5, 2, 3.5 and 5.8 ppm reduced the total mesophilic microorganism counts of fruit with initial values of 4.48 to 2.18 log cfug-1. In addition, no coliform bacteria were initiated after 24 hours at all levels of ozone exposure. In addition, 2.5 ppm ozone treated fruit showed maximum beneficial effects in reducing weight loss, maintaining firmness, reduced rate of respiration, delaying changes in peel colour and containing the highest soluble solids concentration (SSC) as compared to the control. The titratable acidity declined throughout the storage period with slower rate in ozone-fumigated fruits. Overall sensory assessment of quality after ripening showed fruit were significantly better in quality when fumigated with 2.5 ppm ozone which were assigned highest sensory score in terms of appearance, sweetness, pulp colour, texture, aroma and overall acceptability than the control. The discovery of the gene expression of papaya in defense response induced by ozone fumigation has further clarified the understanding on how specific gene involved in controlling its expression when the plant changes during stress or in any plant lifecycle event. Among those genes, some involved in ethylene biosynthesis, generation of reactive oxygen species and stress responses of plant defense were found (mitochondrion, chloroplast, heat shock proteins, polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein, hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein, ethylene responsive factor and acyl-CoA oxidase). Thus, the findings from all the experiments carried out during this study showed that 2.5 ppm ozone reduced anthracnose incidence and extended the storage life for up to 12 days while maintaining acceptable quality of papaya fruit. Ozone exposure at 1.5 ppm resulted in poorer quality fruit as compared to 2.5 ppm ozone treated fruit. Higher concentration of ozone exposure at 3.5 ppm and 5 ppm ozone seems non-physiological and caused phytotoxic effect on the quality of papaya fruit. As a non-toxic, biodegradable product, eco-friendly and safe sanitizer, ozone has the potential to become a natural preservative for prolonging the shelf life and retaining quality of papaya by combating fungal disease, particularly fungus C. gloeosporioides, thus promoting the marketability of the crop and minimizing postharvest losses in the papaya industry.
30
Dhekney, Sadanand A. "Molecular investigations, cryopreservation and genetic transformation studies in papaya (Carica papaya L.) for cold hardiness." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0005180.
Full text
31
Abreu, Paolla Mendes do Vale de, and Paolla Mendes do Vale de Abreu. "Envolvimento de microRNAs na interação Carica papaya L. e Papaya meleira virus com potencial biotecnológico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFES, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/1888.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Morgana Andrade (morgana.andrade@ufes.br) on 2016-04-06T19:38:36Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Tese_defesa_Paolla M. V. Abreu_para capa dura.pdf: 9884169 bytes, checksum: 4a899fd021d8b6129d63eb15679acdaf (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barros (patricia.barros@ufes.br) on 2016-05-16T17:12:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Tese_defesa_Paolla M. V. Abreu_para capa dura.pdf: 9884169 bytes, checksum: 4a899fd021d8b6129d63eb15679acdaf (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-16T17:12:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Tese_defesa_Paolla M. V. Abreu_para capa dura.pdf: 9884169 bytes, checksum: 4a899fd021d8b6129d63eb15679acdaf (MD5)<br>CAPES<br>O mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.) é uma das fruteiras mais cultivadas e o mamão um
dos frutos mais consumidos nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais do mundo. O Brasil
é um dos maiores produtores mundiais de mamão e está dentre os principais países
exportadores. As doenças, no entanto, constituem os principais fatores limitantes da
produção. A meleira do mamoeiro, causada pelo Papaya meleira virus (PMeV) é
uma doença importante na produção de mamão capaz de causar a perda completa
da produção. Apesar disso, pouco se conhece sobre os mecanismos de interação e
de resposta do mamoeiro contra o PMeV e ainda não existe no mercado cultivares
resistentes a este vírus. Sabe-se que a expressão de proteínas como a subunidade
20S do proteasoma é maior durante a infecção, sugerindo que a proteólise seja um
mecanismo importante de resposta de defesa. Atualmente 10.598 microRNAs de
plantas estão depositados no banco de dados Plant miRNAs Database, mas
somente dois, miR162 e miR403 são codificados especificamente por C. papaya.
Neste estudo, sequências conhecidas de microRNAs provenientes de diferentes
espécies de plantas foram utilizadas na predição in silico de microRNAs no genoma
de mamoeiro. Um total de 462 microRNAs foram preditos, representando 72 famílias
de miRNAs conhecidas. A expressão de 11 microRNAs, cujos alvos estão
envolvidos na degradação via proteasoma 20S e 26S e em outras vias de resposta a
estresse, foi comparada por qRT-PCR em amostras de folhas de plantas sadias e
infectadas com PMeV. A expressão de microRNAs envolvidos na degradação de
proteínas via proteasoma aumentou em resposta a um baixo acúmulo relativo de
PMeV e diminuiu com o aumento do acúmulo relativo viral. Por outro lado, a
expressão de microRNAs envolvidos na resposta da planta ao estresse biótico
diminuiu em resposta ao baixo acúmulo relativo viral e aumentou com o aumento do
acúmulo relativo de PMeV. Os genes descritos como alvos de alguns dos miRNAs
tiveram sua expressão modulada de uma maneira dependente. Diante dos
resultados, alguns miRNAs foram apontados como importantes para a aplicação
biotecnológica. Este estudo representa uma compreensiva predição de microRNAs
em mamoeiro. A expressão diferencial de microRNAs específicos e a modulação de
seus genes alvos é de grande ajuda para entender a interação particular entre o
mamoeiro e o PMeV, responsável pelo desenvolvimento da meleira.<br>Carica papaya L. is one of the most cultivated and consumed fruits in tropical and
subtropical regions worldwide. Brazil is among the largest producers and exporters of
papaya fruit. The pre-harvest diseases of papaya plants are the main limitation for
fruit production. Papaya sticky disease is caused by the Papaya meleira virus
(PMeV). It is a commercially important pathology in papaya culture potentially
causing the complete loss of fruit production. Despite of this, little is known about the
papaya interaction and response mechanisms against PMeV and there is not a
papaya variety resistant to the virus. It is known that papaya 20S proteasome subunit
levels of increase during PMeV infection, suggesting that proteolysis is an important
feature of the plant defense response mechanisms. To date, 10,598 plant microRNAs
have been identified in the Plant miRNAs Database (name of the DB), but only two
microRNAs, miR162 and miR403, are from papaya. In this study, plant microRNA
sequences were used to search for putative microRNAs in the papaya genome. A
total of 462 microRNAs, representing 72 microRNA families, were predicted to occur
in papaya. Out of these, the expression of 11 microRNAs, whose targets are known
to be involved in 20S and 26S proteasomal degradation and in other stress response
pathways, was estimated using real-time PCR, comparing healthy and infected
papaya leaf tissues. The expression of miRNAs involved in proteasomal degradation
increased in response to very low levels of PMeV titre and decreased as the viral titre
increased. In contrast, biotic stress-related miRNAs levels decreased in papaya
tissues infected with low virus titre and increased at high PMeV levels. Corroborating
this results, analysed target genes for this miRNAs had their expression modulated in
a dependent manner. With the results, some miRNAs were identified as relevant to
the biotechnological application. This study represents a comprehensive prediction of
miRNAs in papaya. The data presented here might help to complement the available
molecular and genomic tools for the study of papaya. The differential expression of
specific miRNAs and the modulation of their target genes will be helpful for
understanding the particular interaction of PMeV and papaya responsible of disease
development
32
HERNANDEZ, K. V. A. "ALTERAÇÕES na Atividade Fotossintética em Folhas do Mamoeiro golden Infectadas Com Pmev, Detectadas Por Meio da Fluorescência da Clorofila a." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7094.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T20:28:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
tese_11504_Dissertação_Karla Verônica Alvarado Hernandez.pdf: 2395403 bytes, checksum: bb58ddc781f0156477077fd71ee45e26 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-07-13<br>O mamão, Carica papaya L., é uma das frutas mais consumidas no mundo devido as suas características nutricionais, farmacêuticas e uso na indústria alimentícia e cosmética. No Brasil, segundo produtor de mamão no mundo, a produção vem sendo afetada severamente pela doença da meleira, provocada pelo complexo Papaya meleira virus (PMeV e PMeV2). Com o objetivo de analisar as alterações na atividade fotossintética em folhas de mamoeiro Golden, com infecção do PMeV e diferentes cargas virais do PMeV2, realizou-se um experimento onde foram avaliados três grupos de plantas de Carica papaya cv. Golden: Controle, sem inocular; inoculadas com tampão fosfato de sódio (Tratamento = ↓[PMeV2]) e inoculadas com tampão fosfato de sódio e látex colhido de plantas com sintomas da meleira (Tratamento = ↑[PMeV2]). A técnica da fluorescência da clorofila a foi usada como ferramenta de avaliação. Houve um aumento significativo na produção quântica de conversão de energia fotoquímica no fotossistema II (Y (II)) e um aumento do rendimento quântico da perda de energia não-fotoquímica regulada (Y (NPQ)) nas plantas infectadas. Simultaneamente, curvas OJIP de fluorescência, evidenciaram maior eficiência na redução dos aceptores primários (Quinona A) e secundários (Quinona B) de elétrons no fotossistema II e maior eficiência de redução do pool de plastoquinonas e, consequente, maior eficiência na redução dos aceptores de elétrons do complexo Citb6f. O diagnóstico da meleira nas plantas, usando a técnica de RT-PCR, confirmou a presença de dois vírus PMeV e PMeV2. Foi verificado maior índice de desempenho fotoquímico (PItotal) nas plantas com maior carga viral a partir do 35º dia após a inoculação (DAI) e, aos 49 DAI, observou-se aumento na atividade redutora do fotossistema I e no PItotal nas plantas com maior carga viral e valores intermediários nas plantas com menor carga viral. Estes resultados sugerem uma resposta de defesa do mamoeiro cv. Golden à infecção e comprovam a presença dos dois vírus, PMeV e PMeV2. Portanto, esta técnica mostrou-se uma ferramenta com grande potencial como um método simples e rápido para estudar a interação planta x patógeno, bem como os mecanismos de infecção de vírus em plantas podendo ser também usado para detecção das alterações na atividade fotossintética no mamoeiro infectado pelo complexo PMeV e PMeV2.
33
Udomkun, Patchimaporn [Verfasser]. "Increasing nutritional value of papaya (Carica papaya L.) by optimizing pretreatment and drying parameters / Patchimaporn Udomkun." Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075437016/34.
Full text
34
Huang, Kau-Lin, and 黃國林. "Chlorophyll fluorescence measurement distinguishing the tolerance and the susceptibility of papayas（Carica papaya L.) to Papaya ringspot virus." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77574167770476640072.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>92<br>‘Tainunag No.2’ papaya cultivar is well known and popular in Taiwan, although it is susceptible to Papaya ringspoot virus ( PRSV ). Chlorophyll fluorescence is a tool to characterize photosystematic parameters of papaya plants under biotic stress of infection of the severe mottle with necrosis strain of Papaya ringspoot virus ( PRSV-SMN ) under the growth chamber condition. There were not significantly different of ratio of variable fluorescence to maximum fluorescence ( Fv/Fm ) among leaflets of the papaya leaf and among different leaf orders at phyllotaxy. However, the minimum fluorescence (Fo) in the lower part leaves was significantly higher compared to that of younger leaves while the Fv/Fm decreased. Parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence such as Fo, Fv, Fv/Fm were not significant different difference no matter when you measured during the day or at the night. Five weeks after inoculation of PRSV-SMN, fluorescence parameters, net photosynthetic rates (Pn), chlorophyll meter reading (CMR) and leaf temperature were dramatically changed at the infected leaves compared to that at the control plants. The ratio of variable fluorescence to minimum fluorescence (Fv/Fo), Fv/Fm and Pn significantly decreased 53%, 90% and 58% compared to that at the healthy control plants, respectively. So the disease severity progressed, the change of photosystematic parameters became more serious. Results might indicate that photosynthetic apparatus was serios damage due to virus infection. The viral susceptibility of ‘Thinung No.2’ was apparently able to analyze changes in parameters of fluorescence by chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange measurement.
35
Yang, Hsiao-Ying, and 楊小瑩. "Genomic analysis of Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV) and study on interaction between PLDMV and Papaya ringspot virus in papayas." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85915724528924292995.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>植物病理與微生物學研究所<br>96<br>Papaya is one of the tropical fruits with economic importance in Taiwan. Another conspicuous pest, Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV), recently occurred in the papaya orchards in Taiwan besides Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). The pathological and molecular characters associated with PLDMV are still unclear because of rare studies on it. This thesis was dedicated to study the genomic nature and investigate the pathogenicity of PLDMV. Several important data such as the determination of full-length genomic sequence of PLDMV, development of RT-PCR (reverse- transcription polymerase chain reaction) and real-time RT-PCR (real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) for efficiently qualitative and quantitative detection of PLDMV, and inoculation tests for comparative pathogenicity of PLDMV on different papaya cultivars (lines) were completely presented in this thesis. The full-length genomic sequence of PLDMV (Taiwan-KS isolate) was determined (total 10,153 nucleotides) and published in GenBank (Accession number: EU233272). Based on the results of alignment, the full-length nucleotide sequences were 94.7% homologous between KS and Japanese isolate (J56P). The nucleotide alignment of individual genes demonstrated that the 3’UTR, CI and CP genes have higher homology (96.7%, 95.8% and 95.8% respectively) whereas 5’UTR and P1 genes have lower homology (86.6% and 92.2% respectively) between them. The amino acid alignment of individual genes demonstrated that the NIa-Pro and CI have higher homology (98.4% and 98.3% respectively) whereas P1 has lower homology (87.9%). Symptoms induced by PLDMV were various on different papaya cultivars (lines) such as Tainung No.2 (TN2), National Taiwan University Hybrid No.1 (NTU1), Red Lady (RL) and the genetically modified papaya against PRSV (GM). PLDMV induced symptoms including vein-clearing, leaf-distortion and fern-leaf on TN2, NTU1 and GM. On RL, PLDMV induced vein-clearing and mild leaf-distortion without fern-leaf symptoms. The multiplicative fluctuation of PLDMV on different papaya cultivars (lines) was qualitatively and quantitatively monitored by RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR. The results showed that PLDMV could be detected 12 days post-inoculation (dpi) on TN2, NTU1 and GM papaya, and it replicated to the maximum approximately 30 dpi. PLDMV was detected 20 dpi on RL, and it replicated to the maximum approximately 60 dpi. Compared to PLDMV-infection, PRSV seemed to show better susceptibility in papayas. PRSV could be earlierly detected than PLDMV after inoculation, and it rapidly replicated to the maximum approximately 14~16 dpi. On the other hand, the results of simultaneous inoculation with PLDMV and PRSV indicated that the amount of PRSV in papayas was increased more than individual infection of PRSV, and PRSV slightly delay the multiplication of PLDMV. The results also showed that papayas co-infected with PLDMV and PRSV produced more serious symptoms than those infected individual PLDMV or PRSV. PLDMV should be not neglected in the control of virus diseases of papaya.
36
Wu, Hsuan-Yi, and 巫宣毅. "Development and Application of Highly Efficient Methods for Detection of Transgenic Papayas Resistant to Papaya ringspot virus." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87731487733000917563.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>植物病理與微生物學研究所<br>95<br>This thesis was dedicated to develop various efficient methods with the DNA-based techniques for the identification of transgenic papayas resistant to PRSV. These developed methods contain (1) PCR detection：This was developed for detecting 35S promoter, PRSV coat protein gene, Nos terminator in transgenic papayas using our devised 35S-726, CP-739 and Nos-220 primer pairs. Nested-PCR assays were conducted using the 35S-348 and CP-372 primers to increase sensitivity. Both 35S-726 and Nos-220 primer pairs were used to perform multiplex PCR assays. Primer SC-670 could amplify the fragments between 35S promoter and PRSV CP gene；Primer CN-716 could amplify the fragments between PRSV CP gene and Nos terminator. Both SC-670 and CN-716 provide a more accurate and specific detection for the transgenic papayas. Primer RBNP-308 and NPTⅡ-718 designed to detect the right boarder region; Nos terminator and NPTⅡ gene were potential to be applied in the detection of other transgenic crops. All samples collected from young leaves, mature leaves, petioles, roots, flowers and fruits could be used in the detection of transgenic papayas. (2) Dot blot hybridization method: Dot blot hybridization provides a more accurate detection especially when gene-variation occurs in the inserted genes of transgenic papayas. AFLP techniques and fluoremetrical detection were used to increase sensitivity for dot blot hybridization in this study. (3) Real-time PCR method: This was applied for rapid detection and quantification of target gene for transgenic papayas. Our devised methods were directly applied in field survey for papaya plants. Many transgenic papaya plants were detected in the southern and eastern Taiwan. Interestingly, those transgenic papayas were also infected by PRSV in addition to PLDMV (Papaya leaf-distortion mosaic virus). Lots of papaya samples collected from Guangxi and Hainan (China) also showed positive for transgenic plants. It indicates that transgenic papayas have become the main cultivars in China. A PRSV isolate collected from Guangxi could infect transgenic papayas and caused typical symptoms whereas PSRV-DF and PRSV-SMN strains (from Taiwan) can not infect them. Molecular alignment and analysis of the coat protein gene revealed that the Guangxi isolate is somewhat different from the other reported PRSV isolates. Alignment of nucleic acid sequence demonstrated that this Guangxi isolate is 94.1% identical to the coat protein gene of transgenic papayas, and it is 96.3~96.5 % identical to the coat protein gene of PSRV-DF and PRSV-SMN strains. However, alignment of amino acid sequence did not show significant differences among them.
37
Lin, Heng-Liang, and 林恆亮. "Effects of Boron on the Physiology and Nutritional Status of Papays(Carica papaya L.) seedling." Thesis, 1988. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88720068844969943001.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>76<br>In Taiwan, an aggregate of 6300 hectares has been allocated for the cultivation of papaya. The plant, however, is devastated by ring spot virus diseases on the ond hand and plaqued occasionally by boron deficiency, which leading to the decreases in fruit quality and yields, on the other. In order to probe the effects of boron on the physiology of papaya, endeavors have been made to investigate the changes that boron deficiency could bring to metabolism, and inorganic nutritional status of the crop.
The results showed, when papaya was subjeted to boron deficiency for 21 days, symptoms such as yellowing of new leaves, tissues texture turning hard and brittle, growth retardation and the formation of brown, coralshaped roots were evident. Paraffin method demonstrated the primodia, in addition to being undergrown, were hollow and broken. At 8 ppm of boron, the tips and edges of the old leaves were yellow and necrosis. The development of primodia, as revealed by paraffin method, had taken place but not reached the stage of ompletion. Phloroglucin stain indicated lignin content in 0 ppm boron treated papaya was high and dense, which also showed a tendency of penetrating into the inward of the tissues. The growth of the boron-starvated plants was stunted. Their surface areas were around 520 cm2 and stopped to grow any larger. The fresh and the dry weight of their roots and the parts of plant above ground were lighter than that of their normal counter-parts. The same is true with their water content; the boron deficient plants contained less water.
In the course of boron deficiency, nitrogen in the form of ammonia rose sharply after 14 days of treatment whereas soluble proteins on the other hand decreased after 21 days of incubation. The amounts of free amino acids in the plant were higher as the deficiency proceeded to the 28th and 35th days. However, there was no perceptible change in nitrate level in plants which under went different treatments. The soluble carbohydrates in leaf surged drastically beginning with the 7th day of the treatment and remained high for the rest experimental period. However, the concentrations of reducing sugars did not show any sign of increase until the 14-21 day period was reached. Low boron regime inhibited glutamine synthetase and acid phosphatase activities but stimulated the activity of peroxidase. Interextingly, it had no effect whatsoever on nitrate reductase.
An assay of mineral elements in papaya leaf indicated that low boron uptake had led to the drop of N, P, Ca, Cu, Fe, B contents but not the levels of K, Mg, Mn and Zn. Furthermore, the conditions were harmful not only to growth but also to nitrogen and carbon metabolisms, enzyme activities and ion composition of papaya.
38
Chen, Shin-Pao, and 陳世保. "The Growth of Papaya(Carica papaya L.)." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19797325934812599351.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>園藝學系<br>86<br>This paper attempts to study the growth after grafting of
''Tailung No.2'' and ''Tailung No.5'' papaya (Carica papaya L.).
Results was shown that either ''Tailung No.2'' grafted on the
rootstock of ''Tailung No.5'' (grafting height was 10cm), or
''Tailung No.5'' grafted on the rootstock of ''Tailung No.2''
(grafting height was 5cm) would be dwarfed. The diameter of
rootstock of ''Tailung No.2'' grafted on ''Tailung No. 5'' (grafting
height was 5cm) would be thicker than other height grafting
plants. The diameter of stem of ''Tailung No.2'' grafted on
''Tailung No.5'' would be became slender. The growth of roots was
not affected by the grafting,but the root number and length of
''Tailung No. 2'' was more than that of ''Tailung No. 5''. There
was no significant difference for the flowing height and the
time from planting to beginning of flowering in grafting plants.
39
Wang, Ren-Hoang, and 王仁晃. "Effects of Papaya Ringspot Virus on Photosynthesis Among Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Populations." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76353221954664026529.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>89<br>Chapter1
Effects of papaya ringspot virus on photosynthetic characteristics of papaya leaf
Summary
The lines of papaya used in this experiment is ringspot tolerant line ''NTU hybrid (AE)'' bred by by Department of Horticulture, NTU and ringspot sensitive line ''Tainung 2'' . SMN-PRSV virus was firstly purified then inoculated on the plant material. The photosynthetic rate of infected leaves were measured under fixed vapor pressure deficit (VPD)、temperature、CO2 and phyllotaxy but different level of light intensity by portable gas exchange system. In contrast with healthy leaves, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photo quantum yield (Φ) of infected leaves of ''Tainung 2'' were decreased to 56 % and 66 % of healthy leaves respectively, and respiration rate (Rd) and photocompensation point were increased significantly while total chlorophyll and Fv/Fm value were decreaseed. The results suggest PRSV resulted in serious damage to photosynthesis mechanism on ''Tainung 2''. In contrast, infected leaves of ''NTU hybrid (AE)'' only showed minor rise in respiration and no effects on photosynthesis. Thus, photosynthesis of ''NTU hybrid (AE)'' can maintain normal photosynthesis after infection of the virus. The stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of infected leaves of ''Tainung 2'' were both lower than those of the healthy leaves and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased, thus the stomata were very likely an expression parameter of poorer photosynthesis of infected leaves of virus sensitive varieties. The virus infected leaves of ''NTU hybrid (AE)'', on the other hand, although showed slight increment in Ci, neither stomata conductivity (gs) nor transpiration rate (Tr) was affected. The above results showed that the infected leaves of ''NTU hybrid (AE)'' kept normal photosynthetic parameters thus prove ''NTU hybrid (AE)'' virus resistant.
Chapter2
Effects of papaya ringspot virus on photosynthetic parameters and growth characteristics of papaya leaf
Summary
The objective of this study was to learn the PRSV tolerance ability of papaya line ''NTU hybrid (AE)'' bred by Department of Horticulture, NTU. The PRSV sensitive culivar ''Tainung 2'' and tolerance cultivar ''Tainung 5'' were compared and used as controlled group. The differences of photosynthetic parameters were measured on the 12th leaf of all plants by portable gas-exchange system. The viral titer of leaves among phyllotaxy and its effects on photosynthesis were examined and compared. The viral expansion rate was fastest in ''Tainung 2'' and the chlorophyll meter reading (CMR) was observed lower among different phyllotaxy. Further the occurrence of photoinhibition (decrease in Fv) and decrease in gs resulted in lower Pn. On the other hand, the leaf area、leaf duration and leaf number were decreased significantly, light interception was severely affected as a consequence in controlled group. The infected leaves of virus tolerant line showed superior performance to ''Tainung 2'' in various parameters of photosynthesis. The tolerance line ''NTU hybrid (AE)'' viral titter is lower than the tolerant ''Tainung No.5'', and susceptible ''Tainung No.2''. Further, Pn、leaf duration and survived/remaining leaf number was less affected than that in its counterparts. It is therefore concluded that the ''NTU hybrid (AE)'' expressed the strongest virus resistance among three entries.
Chapter3
Effects of improving the resistance of papaya ringspot virus on photosynthesis and fruiting
Summary
The lines of papaya used in this experiment are papaya ringspot virus disease tolerant lines bred by Department of Horticulture, NTU and sensitive line ''Tainung 2''. Between the open field and net-house, effects of papaya ringspot virus on photosynthetic parameters, fruit numbers and total soluble solid were discussed. There are no significant different on net photosynthetic rates among healthy lines or cultivars. After infection of papaya ringspot virus, the tolerant line ''NTU A line'', parents of ''NTU hybrid (AE)'', and ''NTU hybrid (AE)'' respectively maintaining 90% and 97% of net photosynthetic rate compared to the healthy control in the field, but the ''Tainung 2'' was reduced to 40%. Therefore, the tolerant lines can keep the normal net photosynthetic rate and inherit the resistance after infection viruses. Furthermore, the tolerant lines have little effects on radiation interception parameters, chlorophyll contents and leaf area, and show slight disease rating. The above results showed that the tolerant lines kept normal radiation use efficiency, photosynthesis, and radiation interception, thus had good total soluble solids and crop load. Because of high significant correlation among Pn , disease rating and total soluble solids, we can apply Pn measurement and disease rating estimation to resistant selection.
40
Wang, Chii-Jenq, and 王啟正. "Investigation on Genotypic Difference of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Resistance to Papaya Ringspot Virus in a Diverse Papaya Population." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59726770823065471497.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學系研究所<br>85<br>Papaya lines of NTU.1-1-0-0 , NTU.2-1-0-0, YN00-0-0, SOLO.4-50-0-0, cultivars
of Thailand and Sunrise. were selected to represent a genetic diverse papaya
population. In 1994, the symptom development of naturally infected papaya''s su
sceptible cultivars 2 months later than the cultivars inoculated with SMN (sev
ere mottle necrosis) of PRSV-P(papaya ringspot virus-type P) , and the symptom
ratings was significantly less than the inoculation treatment. Symptom rating
s, the area under the disease progress curve(AUDPC), plant height and stem cro
sses-sectional area were significant among papaya lines and the trait were sig
nificantly correlative to each other and the yield. Among six papaya lines, NT
U.1-1-0-0 had the least symptom rating, and had the best yields. Initial sympt
om ratings were significantly correlate to yield of papaya lines inoculated wi
th SMN strain of PRSV-P. Half diallel were performed and 21 papaya entries wer
e generated . Those papaya entries were separated to two treatments: the field
inoculation of SMN strain of PRSV-P and nethouse cultivation without inoculat
ion in 1995. Stem cross-sectional area, leaf size with the same age, percents
defoliation, chlorophyll contents, fruit weight, fruit numbers, yield and the
total soluble solid contents of 21 papaya''s entries inoculated with PRSV in th
e field were significantly less than which in nethouse cultivation without ino
culation, Traits were significantly different among 21 papaya''s entries inocul
ated with PRSV. These phenotypic traits among papaya entries are significant c
orrelative. The relative area under the disease progress curve were significan
t between two years experiments and no interaction between lines and year effe
ct. Different regression models were used to predict yield performance. The co
efficients of determination(R2) of critical point model used by stem crosses-s
ectional area to predicting yield was 0.67,and the coefficients of determinati
on of using combing index (stem cross-sectional area, leaf numbers, percents d
efoliation, leaf width) was 0.71 .The special combining ability (SCA) and the
average heterosis effect of growth of cross sectional area , leaf size at the
same age, percents defoliation among papaya''s entries in nethouse cultivation
were significant. The ratio of additive variance and nonadditive variance of
papaya''s phenotypes were larger among papaya entries in the field. The narrow
sense heritability of traits in a diverse papaya population response to PRSV
were estimated. The PRSV-P resistance was heritable in the experiment.
41
ZHANG, MING-CONG, and 張明聰. "Water physiological studies of papaya(carica papaya L.)." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07922362991627008059.
Full text
42
Srinivasan, Rajeswari K. "Construction of an AFLP linkage map and analysis of QTLs for economic traits in papaya (Carica papaya L.)." Thesis, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=1&did=813798301&SrchMode=1&sid=9&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233884537&clientId=23440.
Full text
43
Guo, Yau-Ting, and 郭耀庭. "Heritability of Papaya Ringspot Viral Resistance among Papaya(Carica papaya L.) Populations by Offspring-Parent Regression." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69235137175872839507.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>89<br>Heritability of resistance to papaya ringspot viral disease was estimated by parent-offspring regression. Thirty-five papaya lines including eight papaya parents and twenty-seven derived progeny lines were used in the study. The papaya plants were planted as a random complete block design with 3 replications, 12 plants of each replication. The disease rating, stem cross sectional area, and fruit number per node were surveyed every once of 2 weeks 3 months after planting. The heritability of disease index, AUDPC, and relative growth rate of stem diameter of papaya population were 0.61 (SE=0.24), 0.56 (SE=0.14), and 0.89 (SE=0.25), respectively. The progeny lines were obtained from hermaphroditic papaya plants. It seemed the progeny lines were derived by the result of selfing. There is appeared the full sib relationship between the parent and its offspring. The regression coefficients were represented the narrow senesce of heritability. Each regression coefficient was very significant. The breeding resistance of papaya ringspot virus is possible to accumulate the additive genetic variance. The virus did not retard the growth and fruit set of resistant papaya lines compared to net-house cultivated ‘Tainung No. 2’. The ELISA values were investigated and there was very significant difference among lines, the resistance ones had less virus contents. Virus contents of plant could be an index of resistance. The conventional breeding papaya resistance to papaya ringspot virus is promising.
44
Zhou, Lili. "Source-sink relationship during papaya fruit development and ripening." 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9932062.
Full text
45
Manenoi, Ashariya. "Papaya fruit xylanase translation and activity during fruit softening /." Thesis, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=982799351&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1235773248&clientId=23440.
Full text
46
Wang, Wen Chin, and 王聞淨. "Lability of Floral Organization in Hermapfrodite Papaya( Carica papaya L.)." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49093119519170314878.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>88<br>Ⅰ.Hermaphroditic plant is predominately cultivated for papaya production, and its unstable floral expression has caused yield reduction. Genetic, temperature and physiological factors are known to correlated with floral expression of papaya. However, the leading physiological factor remain unknown. In this study we investigate floral sex variation of hermaphrodite papaya c.v. ''TN-2'', ''TN-6'', and ''Thailand'' and conduct four defloration treatment:(1).control, (2).removal of terminal flower of axis, (3)remaining of terminal flower of 2nd peduncle, and (4).remaining of terminal flower of axis, different inflorescence positions within tree( young bud, before anthesis, and anthesis section). ‘TN-6’ exhibit most stable floral type expression, and highest percentage of elongata flower (78.31%) among three cultivars. The most labile cultivar is ‘Thailand’ while it express highest percentage of abnormal floral types and lowest percentage elongata flower( 38.1%). Inflorescence positions within tree effect floral type expression. Percentage of elongata flower is 64.18%, 62.07%, and 39.41% in inflorescence of young bud, before anthesis and anthesis section, respectively. Percentage of both pistilloid flowers is the lowest, but the highest in inflorescence of young bud and on anthesis section, contrary. Floral type expression variation among sections may result from differential developmental stages among sections when deflorated or from differential environmental factors among sections during floral development. There was floral type expression variation also exist within inflorescence. Percentages of elongata flower on terminal flower of axis is 55.17%, which is significantly higher than that on terminal flower of 2nd peduncle(43.02%). Percentage of mild carpelloid flower on terminal flower of axis is 28.74, which is significantly higher than that on terminal flower of 1st and 2nd peduncle(10.47% and 3.49%, respectively). Percentage of both pistilloid flower on terminal flower of 2nd peduncle are 11.63% and 15.17%, respectively, which is significantly higher than that on terminal flower of axis(3.45% and 1.15%). It indicate that terminal flowers tend to exhibit female like and terminal flower of 1st and 2nd peduncle tend to exhibit malelike. Since percentages of elongata flower increase, and pistilloid flower decrease on terminal flower of 2nd peduncle when older flowers are removed, it reveal that interorganic competition leads to inhibition of pistil organization of younger flower bud. Our data show that removal of both terminal flowers of axis lead decrease carpelloid flowers per inflorescence in anthesis section, but also decrease elongata flowers if all type of flower removed. It should be practical to decrease abnormal fruits by selected removal of abnormal flower on terminal flower of axis when anthesis . Our study suggests that floral sex variation in papaya is an important phenotypic plasticity which confer series temporal and spatial adjustment points in investment of reproductive growth when it response to flexible environments.
Ⅱ.The floral sex expression of hermaphrodite papaya fluctuate environmentally. The instability reduced papaya fruit production. Two treatments were follow as: (1). net house shaded control and (2). 90% PAR shaded. Four defloration treatments such as: (1) control, (2) removal of terminal flower of axis, (3) remaining of terminal flower of 2nd peduncle, and (4) remaining of terminal flower of axis, were practiced to manipulate sink and source conditions. The percentages of elongata flower under 90% shaded（13.56% and 10.07% for ‘TN-2’ and ‘Thailand’, respectively）were significantly lower than these under the control net house treatment（41.5% and 34.6% for ‘TN-2’ and ‘Thailand’, respectively）. Shading decreased the percentages of carpelloid flower. But it increased the percentages of pistilloid flowers and abscission buds. Photosynthesis rate, stem diameter, and numbers of differentiated node weekly and survival leaf significantly decreased after 90% shading. Limitation of photosynthesis by reducing PAR under shading might cause papaya to surfer photosynthatic stress, to reallocate resource to male and female function, to disturb floral organization, and lead to changes of floral sex expression. Defloration treatments manipulated various sink status on treated nodes, and which those effects were more flowers and setting more fruit, to produce fewer elongata and carpelloid flower and more pistilloid flowers on organizing floral buds. It indicated that interorganic competition led to resource constraint, by which carpel organization inhibited. There were highest percentages of elongata and carpelloid flower, but the lowest percentages of abscission bud and pistilloid flower on the terminal flower of axis. The inflorescence labeled as 7th node at 1 week after shading was responsible to shading effect on floral sex expression, and shading effect disappear at 1 to 2 week after terminate of shading. Our study shew that resource deficiency, which might be caused both by source reduction and/or sink competition, inhibit carpel organization, to decrease number of elongata flowers, and to promote more pistilloid flower formation.
47
Nguyen, Thi-Huyen, and 阮氏暄. "Factors influence on seed germination of papaya (Carica papaya L.)." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74780469825777785976.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>園藝學系所<br>97<br>The fresh and dry seed weight of papaya were increased following the maturity of fruit. The weight of sacrotesta, testa and tegmen was over 1/3 of total seed weight. Using sugar density for grading floating and sinking seeds showed that both kind of fresh seeds had low percentage in germination of 7.4-9.2%. After 5 hours of incubating at 37℃ hot water, could increase percentage significantly. Under 1.05 sugar density, the percent germination of floating and sinking seeds were 22.3 and 41.9%, respectively. The germination percentage of different maturity fruit were increased afterripening.
Seed moisture content of 8 and 12% had no significant difference in germination percentage but it was significantly improved by increasing seed storage time. Seeds dried by 35℃ with 3 months storage had 45% germination which is significant higher than 35% of seed dried by 26℃.
The optimum temperation in seed germination is 30℃, but using alternate germination temperature of 25/30℃ and 25/35℃ had higher germination of 88.8 and 96.6%, respectively. Seeds incubating at 37℃ and using GA3, KNO3 could improve seed germination percentage. Seeds treated the solution of GA3 and KNO3 had higher germination percentage than that treated GA3 and KNO3, respectively. Solid and liquid priming could shorten the mean days to germination. Measuring EC in leakage and TTC method could be used for quick viability test.
48
Wei-chen, Tang. "Symptomatology and Histology on Susceptible versus Resistant Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Cultivar/Line Infected with Papaya Ringspot Virus." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2901200500551600.
Full text
49
Tang, Wei-chen, and 湯惟真. "Symptomatology and Histology on Susceptible versus Resistant Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Cultivar/Line Infected with Papaya Ringspot Virus." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74736950719097216785.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>園藝學研究所<br>93<br>Section 1
Field Papaya Resistance to Papaya Ringspot Virus by Maintaining the Integrity of Tissue Morphology
Histological effects of leaf structure that papaya (Carica papaya L.) naturally infected by Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) in the field were compared between susceptible cultivar ‘Tainung No.2 (TN2)’ and resistant line ‘NTU hybrid 02011 (NTU11)’. Expanding and fully-expanded leaf sections were observed by light microscope. The palisade tissue of healthy ‘TN2’ was well-ordered arrangement with single layer of palisade cells. PRSV-infected ‘TN2’ leaves were severe mosaic, deformed, and with green -island; the epidermal cells was abnormal and the palisade tissue was 0-3 layers. The healthy lamina of ‘NTU11’ was similar to healthy ‘TN2’. The infected one was vein clearing, but the leaf structure was as normal as healthy ones. To quantify palisade tissue, the parameters of expanding leaf of PRSV-infected ‘TN2’ decreased continually through the periods, and the parameters of fully-expanded leaf remained then rapidly dropped at the 7th week. That revealed PRSV caused damage of ‘TN2’ leaves near shoot apex at the first beginning of experiment. However, the parameters of ‘NTU11’ remained as good as healthy control. The microscopic observation revealed that viral resistant crop can keep relatively normal morphology, maintain integrity of leaf tissues, then let physiological parameters function normally.
Section 2
Disease Progress and Ultrastructural Changes between the Interaction of Papaya Ringspot Virus Strains and Hosts
Distinct DF and SMN strains of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) caused different symptoms in the susceptible papaya cultivar ‘Tainung No.2 (TN2)’. The area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of SMN strain-infected ‘TN2’ was maximum 3-4 week after inoculation (w.a.i.), and the relative AUDPC (RAUDPC) of DF strain was 91.2% which was significantly lower than that of SMN strain. It revealed that two PRSV strains have different virulence to papaya hosts. Strains competition between DF and SMN isolates seemed to occur in the field. Symptom development in the TN2 host infected by SMN isolate was maximum 7-8 w.a.i., which was not significantly different from that infected by DF. Quantitative histological changes in palisade parenchyma also showed the different severity of damage between 2 strains. Palisade cells were almost absent when the plant was infected by DF isolate, and the DF-infected palisade tissue was decreased to 62.0% of healthy lamina. In the cytopathological study, severe damage of chloroplast structure was observed in PRSV-infected ‘TN2’. However, PRSV-infected ‘NTU11’ only produced mild mosaic symptoms and kept almost intact tissues, cells and organelles. Compared to the healthy control, both DF and SMN-infected ‘NTU11’ papaya did not show apparent external symptoms and histological damages. ‘NTU11’ papaya is therefore considered to be resistant to various strains of PRSV with horizontal resistance.
50
Cai, Wen Hui, and 蔡文惠. "Response of carica papaya inoculated with different papaya ringspot virus strains." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36590775585563578456.
Full text