Journal articles: 'Paper-based substrate'

1

Malik, H. I., M. Y. Ismail, S. R. Masrol, and Sharmiza Adnan. "Reflection phase analysis of reflectarray antenna based on paper substrate materials." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 2 (2019): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i2.pp766-772.

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<span>This article presents an analysis of reflection loss and reflection phase behavior of a novel microstrip reflectarray antenna, embedded on paper substrate material. Two different paper substrates were first analyzed for dielectric material properties. A detailed analysis of scattering parameters of rectangular patch element with variable substrate heights has been carried out. Rectangular patch elements fabricated using adhesive copper tape over the paper substrate, show that a wide bandwidth is achieved compared to available conventional substrate materials. Fabricated patch elements over paper substrate material show a broadband frequency response of 340 and 290 MHz. It has also been demonstrated that the measured reflection phase ranges for both the substrate cover 310º and 294º at low phase gradients of 0.12 and 0.24 º/MHz respectively.</span>

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Alder, Rhiannon, Jungmi Hong, Edith Chow, et al. "Application of Plasma-Printed Paper-Based SERS Substrate for Cocaine Detection." Sensors 21, no. 3 (2021): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030810.

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Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology is an attractive method for the prompt and accurate on-site screening of illicit drugs. As portable Raman systems are available for on-site screening, the readiness of SERS technology for sensing applications is predominantly dependent on the accuracy, stability and cost-effectiveness of the SERS strip. An atmospheric-pressure plasma-assisted chemical deposition process that can deposit an even distribution of nanogold particles in a one-step process has been developed. The process was used to print a nanogold film on a paper-based substrate using a HAuCl4 solution precursor. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrates that the gold has been fully reduced and that subsequent plasma post-treatment decreases the carbon content of the film. Results for cocaine detection using this substrate were compared with two commercial SERS substrates, one based on nanogold on paper and the currently available best commercial SERS substrate based on an Ag pillar structure. A larger number of bands associated with cocaine was detected using the plasma-printed substrate than the commercial substrates across a range of cocaine concentrations from 1 to 5000 ng/mL. A detection limit as low as 1 ng/mL cocaine with high spatial uniformity was demonstrated with the plasma-printed substrate. It is shown that the plasma-printed substrate can be produced at a much lower cost than the price of the commercial substrate.

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Hashimoto, Yuki, and Takashi Kaneta. "Chromatographic paper-based analytical devices using an oxidized paper substrate." Analytical Methods 11, no. 2 (2019): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay02298d.

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Nguyen Thi, Bich Ngoc, Viet Ha Chu, Thi Thuy Nguyen, Trong Nghia Nguyen, and Hong Nhung Tran. "Optimization and Characterization of Paper-based SERS Substrates for Detection of Melamine." Communications in Physics 30, no. 4 (2020): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/30/0/14832.

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A flexible low-cost paper-based surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate was successfully manufactured by a direct chemical reduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto a common commercially available filter paper. Characterization of fabricated paper-based SERS substrate and the influences of the silver nitrate concentration, type of paper on SERS signal were systematically investigated. In order to fabricate SERS substrates with the highest quality, a suitable one from four different types of filter papers was chosen. The prepared SERS substrates have capability for detecting food toxic chemicals. The test of detecting melamine in aqueous solution was successfully demonstrated with the limit of detection for melamine is 10-7M.

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He, Han, Lauri Sydänheimo, Johanna Virkki, and Leena Ukkonen. "Experimental Study on Inkjet-Printed Passive UHF RFID Tags on Versatile Paper-Based Substrates." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9265159.

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We present the possibilities and challenges of passive UHF RFID tag antennas manufactured by inkjet printing silver nanoparticle ink on versatile paper-based substrates. The most efficient manufacturing parameters, such as the pattern resolution, were determined and the optimal number of printed layers was evaluated for each substrate material. Next, inkjet-printed passive UHF RFID tags were fabricated on each substrate with the optimized parameters and number of layers. According to our measurements, the tags on different paper substrates showed peak read ranges of 4–6.5 meters and the tags on different cardboard substrates exhibited peak read ranges of 2–6 meters. Based on their wireless performance, these inkjet-printed paper-based passive UHF RFID tags are sufficient for many future wireless applications and comparable to tags fabricated on more traditional substrates, such as polyimide.

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Xie, Jingjin, Qiang Chen, Poornima Suresh, Subrata Roy, James F. White, and Aaron D. Mazzeo. "Paper-based plasma sanitizers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 20 (2017): 5119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1621203114.

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This work describes disposable plasma generators made from metallized paper. The fabricated plasma generators with layered and patterned sheets of paper provide a simple and flexible format for dielectric barrier discharge to create atmospheric plasma without an applied vacuum. The porosity of paper allows gas to permeate its bulk volume and fuel plasma, while plasma-induced forced convection cools the substrate. When electrically driven with oscillating peak-to-peak potentials of ±1 to ±10 kV, the paper-based devices produced both volume and surface plasmas capable of killing microbes. The plasma sanitizers deactivated greater than 99% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and greater than 99.9% of Escherichia coli cells with 30 s of noncontact treatment. Characterization of plasma generated from the sanitizers revealed a detectable level of UV-C (1.9 nW⋅cm−2⋅nm−1), modest surface temperature (60 °C with 60 s of activation), and a high level of ozone (13 ppm with 60 s of activation). These results deliver insights into the mechanisms and suitability of paper-based substrates for active antimicrobial sanitization with scalable, flexible sheets. In addition, this work shows how paper-based generators are conformable to curved surfaces, appropriate for kirigami-like “stretchy” structures, compatible with user interfaces, and suitable for sanitization of microbes aerosolized onto a surface. In general, these disposable plasma generators represent progress toward biodegradable devices based on flexible renewable materials, which may impact the future design of protective garments, skin-like sensors for robots or prosthetics, and user interfaces in contaminated environments.

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Sarfraz, J., A. Määttänen, P. Ihalainen, M. Keppeler, M. Lindén, and J. Peltonen. "Printed copper acetate based H2S sensor on paper substrate." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 173 (October 2012): 868–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.08.008.

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8

Xu, Y., and T. Enomae. "Paper substrate modification for rapid capillary flow in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices." RSC Adv. 4, no. 25 (2014): 12867–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra00434e.

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9

Díaz-Liñán, M. C., M. T. García-Valverde, R. Lucena, S. Cárdenas, and A. I. López-Lorente. "Paper-based sorptive phases for microextraction and sensing." Analytical Methods 12, no. 24 (2020): 3074–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ay00702a.

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10

Nunes, Daniela, Tomas Freire, Andrea Barranger, et al. "TiO2 Nanostructured Films for Electrochromic Paper Based-Devices." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (2020): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041200.

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Electrochromic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructured films were grown on gold coated papers using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method at low temperature (80 °C). Uniform nanostructured films fully covered the paper substrate, while maintaining its flexibility. Three acids, i.e., acetic, hydrochloric and nitric acids, were tested during syntheses, which determined the final structure of the produced films, and consequently their electrochromic behavior. The structural characteristics of nanostructured films were correlated with electrochemical response and reflectance modulation when immersed in 1 M LiClO4-PC (lithium perchlorate with propylene carbonate) electrolyte, nevertheless the material synthesized with nitric acid resulted in highly porous anatase films with enhanced electrochromic performance. The TiO2 films revealed a notable contrast behavior, reaching for the nitric-based film optical modulations of 57%, 9% and 22% between colored and bleached states, at 250, 550 and 850 nm, respectively in reflectance mode. High cycling stability was also obtained performing up to 1500 cycles without significant loss of the electrochromic behavior for the nitric acid material. The approach developed in this work proves the high stability and durability of such devices, together with the use of paper as substrate that aggregates the environmentally friendly, lightweight, flexibility and recyclability characters of the substrate to the microwave synthesis features, i.e., simplicity, celerity and enhanced efficiency/cost balance.

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Bao, Jing-Yi, and An-Liang Zhang. "A paper-based microfluidic device integrated into a piezoelectric substrate." Ferroelectrics 550, no. 1 (2019): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2019.1652499.

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Yang, Gwangseok, Chongmin Lee, and Jihyun Kim. "Three-Dimensional Graphene Network-Based Chemical Sensors on Paper Substrate." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 160, no. 9 (2013): B160—B163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.089309jes.

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13

Xu, Fugang, Mengren Xuan, Zixiang Ben, Wenjuan Shang, and Guangran Ma. "Surface enhanced Raman scattering analysis with filter-based enhancement substrates: A mini review." Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 40, no. 1 (2021): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revac-2021-0126.

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Abstract Surface enhanced Raman is a powerful analytical tool with high sensitivity and unique specificity and promising applications in various branches of analytical chemistry. Despite the fabrication of ingenious enhancement substrate used in laboratory research, the development of simple, flexible, and cost-effective substrate is also great important for promoting the application of SERS in practical analysis. Recently, paper and filter membrane as support to fabricate flexible SERS substrates received considerable attentions. Paper-based SERS substrate has been reviewed but no summary on filter-based SERS substrate is available. Compared with paper, filter membrane has unique advantage in robust mechanics, diverse component, and tunable pore size. These characteristics endow the filter-based substrates great advantages for practical SERS analysis including simple and low-cost substrate preparation, high efficiency in preconcentration, separation and detection procedure. Therefore, filter-based substrates have shown great promise in SERS analysis in environment monitoring, food safety with high sensitivity and efficiency. As more and more work has been emerged, it is necessary to summarize the state of such a research topic. Here, the research on filter involved SERS analysis in the past eight years is summarized. A short introduction was presented to understand the background, and then the brief history of filter-based substrate is introduced. After that, the preparation of filter-based substrate and the role of filter are summarized. Then, the application of filter involved SERS substrate in analysis is presented. Finally, the challenges and perspective on this topic is discussed.

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14

Kumar, Vinay, Eija Kenttä, Petter Andersson, and Ulla Forsström. "Microfibrillated Cellulose Based Barrier Coatings for Abrasive Paper Products." Coatings 10, no. 11 (2020): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111108.

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Paper-based abrasive products are multilayer structures in which the first layer on the paper substrate is usually a latex barrier coating to prevent the migration of adhesive glue into the substrate. The high coat weight (10 g/m2) of latex barrier layers is a cause of environmental concerns. Hence, alternative materials that can provide the barrier function at lower coat weights are desired. In this work, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) combined with poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) were explored as suitable alternatives to the current latex coatings. Barrier coating formulations containing PVA, MFC, and silica (SiO2) were developed and applied to a paper substrate using a rod coating method on a pilot scale. Coating quality and barrier performance were characterized using scanning electron microscope images, air permeance, surface roughness, water contact angle, KIT test, and oil Cobb measurements. The barrier coatings were also studied for adhesion to the subsequent coating layer. An optimal barrier function was achieved with the developed coatings at a low coat weight of ca. 3 g/m2. The adhesion of pure PVA and PVA-MFC barrier coatings to the subsequent coating layer was inadequate; however, silica addition was found to improve the adhesion.

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15

Andersson, Henrik, Anatoliy Manuilskiy, Britta Andres, et al. "Contacting paper-based supercapacitors to printed electronics on paper substrates." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 27, no. 2 (2012): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-02-p476-480.

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Abstract Hybrid printed electronics, in which printed structures and silicon-based components co-exist will likely be among the first commercial solutions. In this case the paper substrate acts much in the same way as circuit boards, containing conductive tracks and acting as a carrier for the electrical components. It is important to consider the contacting of the components to be able to produce low resistance electrical contacts to the conductive tracks. Supercapacitors are able to deliver a large amount of current in a short time and are a good option for short term energy storage and if the printed product is to be used only one, or a few times, it can be the only power source needed. When manufacturing printed electronics, the overall resistance of the printed tracks as well as the contact resistance of the mounted components will add up to the total resistance of the system. A high resistance will cause a voltage drop from the power source to the component. This will waste power that goes to Joule heating and also the voltage and current available to components may be too low to drive them. If the intention is to use a power supply such as batteries or solar cells this becomes a limitation. In this article have been tested several conductive adhesives used to contact paper based supercapacitors to ink jet printed silver tracks on paper. The best adhesive gives about 0.3 Ω per contact, a factor 17 better compared to the worst which gave 5 Ω. The peak power that is possible to take out from a printed system with a flexible battery and super capacitors is about 10 times higher than compared with the same system with only the battery.

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16

Zhang, An Liang, and Qing Jiang Han. "Paper Based Microfluidic Device Using Surface Acoustic Wave as Driving Source." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1658.

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It is necessary to implement pretreatment operations for a paper based microfluidic device. A paper based microfluidic device with SAW driving microfluid has been implemented. Trance analyte to be detected was absorbed into a filter paper at first, and mounted on PDMS blocks on a piezoelectric substrate to ensure that the indicting filter paper has a little gap with the piezoelectric substrate. Reagents were then pipetted on the piezoelectric substrate and transported by surface acoustic wave excited by an interdigital transducer, which was fabricated on a 1280-yx LiNbO3 using micro-electrical technology. A color was developed due to chemical reaction, and the analyte concentration was evaluated by its grey value. Nitrate ion was detected using the microfluidic system.

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17

Elangkovan, Shuthish, Mastura Shafinaz Zainal Abidin, Shaharin Fadzli Abd Rahman, Mohammad Shafiq Che Soh, and Ahmad Bukhairi Md Rashid. "Economical fabrication of graphite/paper-based humidity sensor." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 1 (2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp54-59.

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<p>Paper is regarded as a promising alternative for low-cost and biodegradable substrate. Paper can be a very good humidity detecting substrate due to its capability to absorb water vapour, thanks to its porous surface. This work explores the feasibility of developing a paper-based humidity sensor using simple and low cost fabrication process. Two type of electrode structures, namely interdigitated and parallel electrode, were formed by using two different pencil grade. The pencil grades used were 2B and 6B. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the fabricated device were measured under different relative humidity and its humidity sensing operation was analyzed. It was observed that the sensor with the 6B and parallel electrode configuration was the most responsive to humidity changes while the 6B interdigitated sensor was the second best. The sensors fabricated with the 6B electrodes are better at sensing humidity changes compared to the sensors fabricated using 2B electrodes.</p>

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De Silva, Imesha W., Darren T. Converse, Lauren A. Juel, and Guido F. Verbeck. "A comparative study of microporous polyolefin silica-based paper and cellulose paper substrates utilizing paper spray-mass spectrometry in drug analysis." Analytical Methods 11, no. 24 (2019): 3066–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay00641a.

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This comparative study proposes an efficient technique by employing a synthetic substrate, which is commercially available, for direct, sensitive, efficient and fast analysis in Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry (PS-MS).

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19

Teixeira, Alexandra, Juan Hernández-Rodríguez, Lei Wu, et al. "Microfluidics-Driven Fabrication of a Low Cost and Ultrasensitive SERS-Based Paper Biosensor." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (2019): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071387.

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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy stands out due to its sensitivity, selectivity, and multiplex ability. The development of ready-to-use, simple, and low-cost SERS substrates is one of the main challenges of the field. In this paper, the intrinsic reproducibility of microfluidics technology was used for the fabrication of self-assembled nanoparticle structures over a paper film. The paper SERS substrates were fabricated by assembling anisotropic particles, gold nanostars (GNSs), and nanorods (NRs) onto paper to offer an extra enhancement to reach ultra-sensitive detection limits. A polydimethylsiloxane PDMS-paper hybrid device was used to control the drying kinetics of the nanoparticles over the paper substrate. This method allowed a high reproducibility and homogeneity of the fabrication of SERS substrates that reach limits of detection down to the picomolar range. This simple and low-cost fabrication of a paper-based sensing device was tested for the discrimination of different cell lineages.

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Moro, Riccardo, Sangkil Kim, Maurizio Bozzi, and Manos Tentzeris. "Inkjet-printed paper-based substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) components and antennas." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 5, no. 3 (2013): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078713000494.

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This paper presents a novel technology for the implementation of substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) structures, based on a paper substrate and realized by an inkjet-printing fabrication process. The use of paper permits to implement low-cost microwave structures and components, by adopting a completely eco-friendly implementation technology. SIW structures appear particularly suitable for implementation on paper, due to the possibility to easily realize multilayered topologies and conformal geometries. In this paper, SIW passive components, and antennas (including straight interconnects, band-pass filters, and slotted-waveguide antennas) are proposed for the first time. The design of the components, the steps of the fabrication process, and the experimental characterization of the prototypes are reported in this paper.

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Hariharan, Abishek, Sai Manohar Chelli, Sai Muthukumar V, et al. "Paper-microfluidics based SERS substrate for PPB level detection of catechol." Optical Materials 94 (August 2019): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2019.05.041.

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Gutiérrez-Capitán, Manuel, Antonio Baldi, and César Fernández-Sánchez. "Electrochemical Paper-Based Biosensor Devices for Rapid Detection of Biomarkers." Sensors 20, no. 4 (2020): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20040967.

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In healthcare, new diagnostic tools that help in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of diseases rapidly and accurately are in high demand. For in-situ measurement of disease or infection biomarkers, point-of-care devices provide a dramatic speed advantage over conventional techniques, thus aiding clinicians in decision-making. During the last decade, paper-based analytical devices, combining paper substrates and electrochemical detection components, have emerged as important point-of-need diagnostic tools. This review highlights significant works on this topic over the last five years, from 2015 to 2019. The most relevant articles published in 2018 and 2019 are examined in detail, focusing on device fabrication techniques and materials applied to the production of paper fluidic and electrochemical cell architectures as well as on the final device assembly. Two main approaches were identified, that are, on one hand, those ones where the fabrication of the electrochemical cell is done on the paper substrate, where the fluidic structures are also defined, and, on the other hand, the fabrication of those ones where the electrochemical cell and liquid-driving paper component are defined on different substrates and then heterogeneously assembled. The main limitations of the current technologies are outlined and an outlook on the current technology status and future prospects is given.

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Jalkanen, Tero, Anni Määttänen, Ermei Mäkilä, et al. "Fabrication of Porous Silicon Based Humidity Sensing Elements on Paper." Journal of Sensors 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/927396.

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A roll-to-roll compatible fabrication process of porous silicon (pSi) based sensing elements for a real-time humidity monitoring is described. The sensing elements, consisting of printed interdigitated silver electrodes and a spray-coated pSi layer, were fabricated on a coated paper substrate by a two-step process. Capacitive and resistive responses of the sensing elements were examined under different concentrations of humidity. More than a three orders of magnitude reproducible decrease in resistance was measured when the relative humidity (RH) was increased from 0% to 90%. A relatively fast recovery without the need of any refreshing methods was observed with a change in RH. Humidity background signal and hysteresis arising from the paper substrate were dependent on the thickness of sensing pSi layer. Hysteresis in most optimal sensing element setup (a thick pSi layer) was still noticeable but not detrimental for the sensing. In addition to electrical characterization of sensing elements, thermal degradation and moisture adsorption properties of the paper substrate were examined in connection to the fabrication process of the silver electrodes and the moisture sensitivity of the paper. The results pave the way towards the development of low-cost humidity sensors which could be utilized, for example, in smart packaging applications or in smart cities to monitor the environment.

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Zhang, Zidong, Yaman Zhao, Guohua Fan, et al. "Paper-based flexible metamaterial for microwave applications." EPJ Applied Metamaterials 8 (2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2020016.

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Metamaterial has become a hotspot in many research fields, including electromagnetism, thermodynamics and mechanics, as it can offers additional design freedom for material to obtain novel properties. Especially for the electromagnetic devices, various interesting electromagnetic properties which cannot be found in nature materials can be realized, such as negative refraction, invisible cloak, etc. Herein, we provide an overview of paper-based metamaterial for microwave application. This work reviews the metamaterial realized on paper substrate, including the fabrication techniques, application fields, as well as the outlook on future directions of the paper-based metamaterial for the readership.

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Fierro-Mercado, Pedro M., and Samuel P. Hernández-Rivera. "Highly Sensitive Filter Paper Substrate for SERS Trace Explosives Detection." International Journal of Spectroscopy 2012 (October 17, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/716527.

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We report on a novel and extremely low-cost surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate fabricated depositing gold nanoparticles on common lab filter paper using thermal inkjet technology. The paper-based substrate combines all advantages of other plasmonic structures fabricated by more elaborate techniques with the dynamic flexibility given by the inherent nature of the paper for an efficient sample collection, robustness, and stability. We describe the fabrication, characterization, and SERS activity of our substrate using 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene as analytes. The paper-based SERS substrates presented a high sensitivity and excellent reproducibility for analytes employed, demonstrating a direct application in forensic science and homeland security.

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Huang, Chia-Hao, Kin Fong Lei, and Ngan-Ming Tsang. "Paper-based microreactor array for rapid screening of cell signaling cascades." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 15 (2016): 2911–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc00647g.

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He, P. J. W., I. N. Katis, R. W. Eason, and C. L. Sones. "Laser direct-write for fabrication of three-dimensional paper-based devices." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 17 (2016): 3296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc00789a.

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Li, Qingwei, Huichao Lin, Xiaowen Huang, et al. "Paper-based Photocatalysts Immobilization without Coffee Ring Effect for Photocatalytic Water Purification." Micromachines 11, no. 3 (2020): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11030244.

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Photocatalytic water purification is important for the degradation of organic pollutants, attracting intensive interests. Photocatalysts are preferred to be immobilized on a substrate in order to reduce the laborious separation and recycling steps. To get uniform irradiation, the photocatalysts are preferred to be even/uniform on the substrate without aggregation. Generally, the “coffee ring effect” occurs on the substrate during solvent evaporation, unfortunately resulting in the aggregation of the photocatalysts. This aggregation inevitably blocks the exposure of active sites, reactant exchange, and light absorption. Here, we reported a paper-based photocatalyst immobilization method to solve the “coffee ring” problem. We also used a “drop reactor” to achieve good photocatalytic efficiency with the advantages of large surface area, short diffusion lengths, simple operation, and uniform light absorption. Compared with the coffee ring type, the paper-based method showed higher water purification efficiency, indicating its potential application value in the future.

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Lee, Dong-Jin, and Dae Yu Kim. "Hydrophobic Paper-Based SERS Sensor Using Gold Nanoparticles Arranged on Graphene Oxide Flakes." Sensors 19, no. 24 (2019): 5471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245471.

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Paper-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors have garnered much attention in the past decade owing to their ubiquity, ease of fabrication, and environmentally friendly substrate. The main drawbacks of a paper substrate for a SERS sensor are its high porosity, inherent hygroscopic nature, and hydrophilic surface property, which reduce the sensitivity and reproducibility of the SERS sensor. Here, we propose a simple, quick, convenient, and economical method for hydrophilic to hydrophobic surface modification of paper, while enhancing its mechanical and moisture-resistant properties. The hydrophobic paper (h-paper) was obtained by spin-coating diluted polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solution onto the filter paper, resulting in h-paper with an increased contact angle of up to ≈130°. To complete the h-paper-based SERS substrate, gold nanoparticles arranged on graphene oxide (AuNPs@GO) were synthesized using UV photoreduction, followed by drop-casting of AuNPs@GO solution on the h-paper substrate. The enhancement of the SERS signal was then assessed by attaching a rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecule as a Raman probe material to the h-paper-based SERS substrate. The limit of detection was 10 nM with an R2 of 0.966. The presented SERS sensor was also tested to detect a thiram at the micromolar level. We expect that our proposed AuNPs@GO/h-paper-based SERS sensor could be applied to point-of-care diagnostics applications in daily life and in spacecraft.

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Sarfraz, J., P. Ihalainen, A. Määttänen, J. Peltonen, and M. Lindén. "Printed hydrogen sulfide gas sensor on paper substrate based on polyaniline composite." Thin Solid Films 534 (May 2013): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.02.055.

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Moscato, Stefano, Riccardo Moro, Marco Pasian, Maurizio Bozzi, and Luca Perregrini. "Innovative manufacturing approach for paper‐based substrate integrated waveguide components and antennas." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 10, no. 3 (2016): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2015.0125.

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Alam, T., F. B. Ashraf, and M. T. Islam. "Flexible paper substrate based wide band NRI metamaterial for X-band application." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 60, no. 5 (2018): 1309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.31145.

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Sivasamy, Ramprabhu, Lingeshwaran Murugasamy, Malathi Kanagasabai, Esther Florence Sundarsingh, and M. Gulam Nabi Alsath. "A Low-Profile Paper Substrate-Based Dual-Band FSS for GSM Shielding." IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 58, no. 2 (2016): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2015.2498398.

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Schmucker, Abrin L., Sirimuvva Tadepalli, Keng-Ku Liu, Claretta J. Sullivan, Srikanth Singamaneni, and Rajesh R. Naik. "Plasmonic paper: a porous and flexible substrate enabling nanoparticle-based combinatorial chemistry." RSC Advances 6, no. 5 (2016): 4136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra21977a.

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Kannichankandy, Drishya, Pratik M. Pataniya, Som Narayan, et al. "Flexible piezo-resistive pressure sensor based on conducting PANI on paper substrate." Synthetic Metals 273 (March 2021): 116697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2021.116697.

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Costa-Rama, Estefanía, and María Teresa Fernández-Abedul. "Paper-Based Screen-Printed Electrodes: A New Generation of Low-Cost Electroanalytical Platforms." Biosensors 11, no. 2 (2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11020051.

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Screen-printed technology has helped considerably to the development of portable electrochemical sensors since it provides miniaturized but robust and user-friendly electrodes. Moreover, this technology allows to obtain very versatile transducers, not only regarding their design, but also their ease of modification. Therefore, in the last decades, the use of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) has exponentially increased, with ceramic as the main substrate. However, with the growing interest in the use of cheap and widely available materials as the basis of analytical devices, paper or other low-cost flat materials have become common substrates for SPEs. Thus, in this revision, a comprehensive overview on paper-based SPEs used for analytical proposes is provided. A great variety of designs is reported, together with several examples to illustrate the main applications.

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Yusof Ismail, Muhammad, Hasan Ijaz Malik, Sharmiza Adnan, and Shaiful Rizal Masrol. "Broadband dielectric characterization of novel organic substrates for microwave applications." MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 01047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819201047.

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This paper presents three novel substrate materials with efficient dielectric characteristics. Different types of innovative substrate materials used for microwave electronics have been discussed. It has been demonstrated that the repeatability of results for paper substrate based electronics can be maintained using the proposed substrate materials. Three different substrate materials derived from recycled sources such as newspaper, copier paper and carton paper and banana pulp have been presented. The paper substrates were manufactured and processed to reduce the moisture content that might degrade the performance. A broadband dielectric material characterization of the proposed substrate shows a stable electromagnetic behaviour over the X – band operation with relative permittivities of 1.81, 1.63 and 1.84 along with loss tangents of 0.053, 0.046 and 0.057 respectively.

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Hartmann, Maurício, and Eder Marques. "Germination of Corymbia citriodora on different substracts." Revista Agraria Academica 4, no. 4 (2021): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32406/v4n4/2021/23-30/agrariacad.

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The objective of the present work was to evaluate the germination of lemon-scented gum (Corymbia citriodora) on different substrates. The following were tested: 1) commercial substrate, 2) sand, 3) sand + coconut fiber (2: 1), 4) coconut fiber, 5) substrate + coconut fiber (2: 1), 6) sand + substrate (2: 1) and the control treatment (germitest paper). Based on the experiment, it was observed that germination varied between 57 and 74%, although there was no significant difference between treatments. The treatments that led to a higher germination speed were the control (germitest paper), followed by the commercial substrate, coconut fiber, sand + substrate and substrate + fiber, with no significant difference, indicating that they are the best for the germination of C. citriodora seeds. The substrate based on coconut fiber is promising, as it can be considered an alternative and low-cost substrate.

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Huang, Zufang, Gang Cao, Yan Sun, et al. "Evaluation and Optimization of Paper-Based SERS Substrate for Potential Label-Free Raman Analysis of Seminal Plasma." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4807064.

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Characterization and optimization of paper SERS substrate were performed in detail, in which morphologies and distribution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the paper substrate pretreated with different concentrations of NaCl and the subsequent soaking with colloidal AgNPs for different period of time were evaluated. Our results show that both NaCl concentration and soaking time with AgNPs have a significant influence on SERS enhancement, showing that an optimal EF of 2.27 × 107 was achieved when the paper substrate was treated with 20 mM NaCl and one-hour soak with AgNPs. Moreover, seminal plasma (SP) was specifically selected to evaluate the performance of paper-based SERS substrate for potential clinical detection and diagnosis. The optimization of the paper SERS substrate demonstrates potential applications in reliable on-site detection of SP and clinical diagnosis of fertility-related diseases as well.

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Kumari, Sakshi, and Vibha Rani Gupta. "Super Ultrawideband Planar Inverted F Antenna on Paper based Substrate with Low SAR." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 17, no. 2 (2019): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2019172.225337.

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In this paper, a super ultrawide band planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) has been proposed for wearable applications on a low cost, ecofriendly paper-based substrate. This work is a first and important step towards the progression of conformal flexible antennas for a body area network. The proposed antenna has measured impedance bandwidth of 10.6 GHz, which covers almost all the bands of a wireless body area network i.e. GSM (880-960 MHz), GPS (1565-1585 MHz), DCS (1710-1880 MHz), PCS (1850-1990 MHz), UMTS (1920-2170 MHz), ISM (2.4-2.4835 GHz), WiMAX (3.3-3.8 GHz), HIPERLAN (5.15-5.35 GHz), WLAN (5.725-5.850 GHz) and UWB (3.1-10.6 GHz). Initially, the electrical characteristics of paper are extracted using Cavity Resonator and Transmission line method and then used for the design and fabrication of the proposed antenna. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results. This paper also focuses on analysis of the effect of electromagnetic absorption in terms of specific absorption rate for a human arm with frequency exposure at 0.9 GHz, 1.5 GHz, 1.8 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 2.45 GHz, 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz and is found to be within the recommended limit by FCC.

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Linh, Vo Thi Nhat, Jungil Moon, ChaeWon Mun, et al. "A facile low-cost paper-based SERS substrate for label-free molecular detection." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 291 (July 2019): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.04.077.

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Shao, Jundong, Liping Tong, Siying Tang, et al. "PLLA Nanofibrous Paper-Based Plasmonic Substrate with Tailored Hydrophilicity for Focusing SERS Detection." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 7, no. 9 (2015): 5391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am508881k.

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Modrić, D., K. Petric Maretić, and Aleš Hladnik. "Determination of point-spread function of paper substrate based on light-scattering simulation." Applied Optics 53, no. 33 (2014): 7854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.53.007854.

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Yang Yue, 杨玥, 翁国军 Weng Guojun, 赵婧 Zhao Jing, 李剑君 Li Jianjun, 朱键 Zhu Jian, and 赵军武 Zhao Junwu. "Progresses of Preparation and Applications of Paper-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate." Chinese Journal of Lasers 45, no. 3 (2018): 0307011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201845.0307011.

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Wang, Yan, Chuan Yan, Si‐Yuan Cheng, et al. "Flexible RFID Tag Metal Antenna on Paper‐Based Substrate by Inkjet Printing Technology." Advanced Functional Materials 29, no. 29 (2019): 1902579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201902579.

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Gomathi, P. Thanga, Parikshit Sahatiya, and Sushmee Badhulika. "Large-Area, Flexible Broadband Photodetector Based on ZnS-MoS2 Hybrid on Paper Substrate." Advanced Functional Materials 27, no. 31 (2017): 1701611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201701611.

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Wang, Qi, Mingwei Li, Yao Xie, Yun Ou, and Weiping Zhou. "Direct Writing on Paper Substrate to Prepare Silver Electrode Structures for Flexible Sensors." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 12 (2021): 6048–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19523.

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With the rapid development of the electronics industry, electronic products based on silicon and glass substrates electronic products will gradually be unable to meet the rising demand. Flexibility, environmental protection, and low costs are important for the development of electronic products. In this study, an efficient and low-cost method for preparing silver electrode structures by direct writing on paper has been demonstrated. Based on this method, a flexible paper-based sensor was prepared. The liquid printing ink used mainly comprises a precursor liquid without pre-prepared nanomaterials. The precursor liquid is transparent with good fluidity. Simple direct writing technology was used to write on the paper substrate using the precursor ink. When the direct-writing paper substrate was subsequently heated, silver nanostructures precipitated from the precursor liquid ink onto the paper substrate. The effect of different temperatures on the formation of the silver nanostructures and the influence of different direct writing processes on the structures were studied. Finally, a paper-based flexible sensor was prepared for finger-bending signal detection. The method is simple to operate and low in cost and can be used for the preparation of environment-friendly paper-based devices.

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Singh, Amrita, Darlin Lantigua, Akhil Meka, Shainlee Taing, Manjot Pandher, and Gulden Camci-Unal. "Paper-Based Sensors: Emerging Themes and Applications." Sensors 18, no. 9 (2018): 2838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092838.

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Paper is a versatile, flexible, porous, and eco-friendly substrate that is utilized in the fabrication of low-cost devices and biosensors for rapid detection of analytes of interest. Paper-based sensors provide affordable platforms for simple, accurate, and rapid detection of diseases, in addition to monitoring food quality, environmental and sun exposure, and detection of pathogens. Paper-based devices provide an inexpensive technology for fabrication of simple and portable diagnostic systems that can be immensely useful in resource-limited settings, such as in developing countries or austere environments, where fully-equipped facilities and highly trained medical staff are absent. In this work, we present the different types of paper that are currently utilized in fabrication of paper-based sensors, and common fabrication techniques ranging from wax printing to origami- and kirigami-based approaches. In addition, we present different detection techniques that are employed in paper-based sensors such as colorimetric, electrochemical, and fluorescence detection, chemiluminescence, and electrochemiluminescence, as well as their applications including disease diagnostics, cell cultures, monitoring sun exposure, and analysis of environmental reagents including pollutants. Furthermore, main advantages and disadvantages of different types of paper and future trends for paper-based sensors are discussed.

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Harpaz, Dorin, Evgeni Eltzov, Timothy S. E. Ng, Robert S. Marks, and Alfred I. Y. Tok. "Enhanced Colorimetric Signal for Accurate Signal Detection in Paper-Based Biosensors." Diagnostics 10, no. 1 (2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10010028.

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Paper-based colorimetric biosensors combine the use of paper with colorimetric signal detection. However, they usually demonstrate lower sensitivities because a signal amplification procedure has not been used. Stopping the reaction of colorimetric signal generation is often used in lab-based assays in order to amplify and stabilize the colorimetric signal for detection. In this study, the generation of a stopped colorimetric signal was examined for accurate and enhanced signal detection in paper-based biosensors. The colorimetric reaction in biosensors is usually based on the interaction between the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and a selected chromogenic substrate. The two most commonly used HRP substrates, 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and 2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid) (ABTS), were compared in terms of their ability to generate a stopped colorimetric signal on membrane. The stopped colorimetric signal was visible for TMB but not for ABTS. Moreover, the generation of stopped colorimetric signal was dependent on the presence of polyvinylidene-difluoride (PVDF) membrane as the separation layer. With PVDF the colorimetric signal (color intensity) was higher (TMB: 126 ± 6 and ABTS: 121 ± 9) in comparison to without PVDF (TMB: 110 ± 2 and ABTS: 102 ± 4). The TMB stopped colorimetric signal demonstrated a more stable signal detection with lower standard deviation values. To conclude, a stopped colorimetric signal can be generated in paper-based biosensors for enhanced and accurate signal detection.

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Sanchez-Romaguera, Veronica, Sebastian Wünscher, Badredin M. Turki, et al. "Inkjet printed paper based frequency selective surfaces and skin mounted RFID tags: the interrelation between silver nanoparticle ink, paper substrate and low temperature sintering technique." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 9 (2015): 2132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc02693d.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Paper-based substrate'

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